attolli

dē-gravo, āvī, ātum, āre = καταβαρέω, durch schwere Last niederdrücken, niederziehen, zu Boden drücken, erdrücken, I) eig.: a) übh.: degravat Aetna caput, Ov.: quaecumque meum degravat unda caput, Prop.: altera degravet ulmum vitis, Ov.: statim degravari eas quas insederit (marinus homo) partes (navigiorum), et si diutius permaneat, etiam mergi, Plin.: etiam peritos nandi lassitudo et vulnera et pavor degravant (lähmen), Liv. – m. Abl. (wodurch?), pauci enatant, quia plures onere degravati perierant, Phaedr.: aedificium paulatim degravatum pondere suo praeceps attrahitur, Col.: quae (duo milia) illatis ex transverso signis degravabant prope circumventum cornu, Liv.: gradiens ingenti litora passu degravat, Ov. – im Zshg. absol., quā pulverum mole degravante! Plin. 11, 83. – b) prägn., belasten, schwer beladen, sodaß die Last das Belastete niederzieht, haec gremium, laxos degravat illa sinus, Ov. fast. 4, 436. – II) übtr., niederdrücken, niederbeugen, schwer belästigen, Bassum Aufidium vidi quassum, aetati (Altersschwäche) obluctantem; sed iam plus illum degravat, quam quod possit attolli, Sen. ep. 30, 1: ut (bos) nec sui tergoris mole nec labore operis degravetur, Col. 6, 2, 15: absol., consul non ultra castra insecutus, quia vulnus degravabat, Liv. 7, 24, 9.

im-mēnsus, a, um (in u. metior), unermeßlich = unmäßig groß, mare, Cic.: magnitudo, Cic.: campus, Cic.: via, Ov. – tempus, Cic.: nox, Ov. – cupiditates, Cornif. rhet.: immensissimae voluptates, Spart. – subst., immēnsum, ī, n., das Unermeßliche, Unendliche = die unmäßige Größe, ungeheure Strecke, der unermeßliche Raum, altitudinis, unermeßliche Tiefe, Liv.: loci, Liv.: Olympus in immensum editus, Cic. fr.: per immensum, durch eine ungeheure Strecke od. Weite, Ov.: ad immensum, bis ins Unendliche, ungemein, augere, Liv.: ebenso in immensum pertingens, ungemein weit, Sall. Iug. 48, 3: immenso plus, mehr als zu sehr, d.i. ungemein, übermäßig, Plin.: immenso mercari, ungemein teuer, Plin.: immensum est dicere, man wird nicht fertig, Ov. – Adv. immēnsum, ungemein, ungemein weit usw., crescere, Ov.: attolli, Tac.: aucto mari, Sall. fr.: immensum quantum, unmäßig, ungemein, Plin.

īn-surgo, surrēxī, surrēctum, ere, sich aufrichten, sich erheben, aufstehen, I) eig.: A) v. leb. Wesen: a) im allg.: si forte prolapsus est, attolli et insurgere haud licitum, sich aufhelfen zu lassen u. aufzustehen, Tac. Germ. 39. – b) insbes., sich auf den Zehen erheben, sich heben, um sich zu einer Tätigkeit mehr Kraft zu geben, α) von Kämpfern, die sich auf die Zehen erheben, um dem Hiebe von oben nach unten mehr Nachdruck geben zu können, ostendit dextram insurgens (sich hebend) Entellus et alte extulit se (holte weit aus), Verg.: altior insurgens, Sil. (vgl. Drak. Sil. 5, 294): insurgere tripudiantes in clipeum rursusque subsīdere, Veget. mil. 2, 23. p. 57, 17 L.²: u. so von der Schlange, die sich gegen jmd. erhebt, arduus insurgens, sich hoch aufbäumend, Verg.: sibilat insurgens capiti... serpens, Sil. – β) v. Ruderern, die sich von den Ruderbänken erheben, um sich mit desto größerer Kraft auf die Ruder aufstemmen zu können (vgl. επιῤῥώεσθαι ελάτησι b. Apollon. Rhod. 2, 661), insurgite remis, werft euch mit Macht auf die Ruder, Verg.: insurgit transtris, Val. Flacc.; vgl. die Auslegg. zu Verg. Aen. 3, 207. Burmann Val. Flacc. 2, 14. – γ) v. Steigenden, iugum, hinaufklimmen auf usw., Apul. met. 1. c. 2. – B) v. lebl. Subjj. = aufsteigen, sich erheben, a) übh.: iam malus (Mastbaum) insurgit, Apul. met. 11, 16: subitam glomerari pulve-

————

re nubem prospiciunt Teucri ac tenebras insurgere campis, Nacht aufsteigen über dem Gefilde, Verg. Aen. 9, 34: ab oriente usque ad meridialem altitudinem sol insurgit, Augustin. de genes. ad litt. 2, 14, 29. – b) v. Örtl. u. dgl., inde colles insurgunt, Liv. 22, 4, 2 (Hertz adinsurgunt): pone tergum insurgebat silva, Tac.: acuta silex speluncae dorso insurgens, Verg.: crista nitenti insurgens cono, Sil. – c) vom Wind usw., entstehend sich erheben, aquilo insurgit, Hor.: fremitus insurgere opertos, Val. Flacc. – d) v. Gewässern, vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae, Ov. met. 11, 530: Atax usque eo solitus insurgere, ut se ipse non capiat, Mela 2, 6, 6 (2. § 81). – II) übtr.: a) vom Aufstreben nach Macht u. Ansehen = sich erheben, Caesar paulatim insurgere, Tac.: Romanas opes insurgere, Tac. – b) vom dichterischen od. rednerischen Aufschwung = sich erheben, einen höhern Schwung nehmen, Horatius insurgit aliquando, Quint.: insurgit mens, oratio, Quint. – c) vom Anstreben geistiger Kraft, sich für od. gegen etwas erheben, α) im guten Sinne, invigilare publicis utilitatibus et insurgere, sich mühen (recht tätig sein) für usw., Plin. pan. 66, 2. – β) im üblen Sinne = gegen etwas od. jmd. sich erheben, aufstehen, suis regnis, Ov.: saevior in miseros fatis Delius insurgit, tritt auf, verfährt gegen usw., Stat.

sermo, ōnis, m. (1. sero), die zwischen mehreren gewechselte Rede, die Unterredung, Unterhaltung, das Gespräch (s. Varro LL. 6, 64), I) eig.: A) im allg.: a) eig.: iocus, ludus, sermo (Gekose), Plaut.: sermo in circulis, disputationibus, congressionibus familiarium versetur, Cic.: cum in sermone cotidiano, tum in senatu palam sic egit causam tuam, ut etc., Cic.: esse in ore, in sermone omnium, Cic.: memini in eum sermonem illum incĭdere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore, Cic.: iucundus mihi est sermo litterarum tuarum, die briefliche Unterredung (Unterhaltung) mit dir, Cic.: sermonem arripere, Cic.: sermonem conferre cum alqo, Cic.: sermonem instituere cum alqo, Cic.: sermones u. alqd sermonibus serere, s. 1. sero no. II: texere longos sermones, Plaut.: sermonem quaerere, anfangen zu schwatzen, zu kosen, Ter.: sermonem ordiri, Cic.: oritur sermo de alqa re, Hor.: inde ortus sermo percunctantibus utrimque, Sall. fr.: in istum sermonem delabi, Cic.: sermonem habere cum alqo, Cic.: dare se in sermonem, in die Unterhaltung eintreten, Poët. bei Cic.: se familiariter in eorum sermonem insinuare ac dare, Cic.: longior ab alqo instituitur sermo, Caes.: discumbitur, fit sermo inter eos, Cic.: quaecumque eis rebus de quibus hic sermo est nomina imponis, Cic.: de Alexandrinis esse video sermonem, quem ego non refuto, Cic.: multa ibi totā die in conci-

————

lio sermonibus iactata erant, war hin u. her besprochen worden, Liv.: abrumpere sermonem, s. abrumpo no. II, 2, b: interrumpere sermonem, Plaut.: sermonem incīdere (v. einer Frage), Liv.: dabimus sermonem iis, qui etc., wir werden denen etwas zu reden geben, die usw., Cic.: nullā sermonum vice, ohne ein Wort zu wechseln, Amm. – b) meton., das Gespräch = der Gegenstand des Gespräches, filius meus sermo est per urbem, ist das Stadtgespräch, Plaut.: nunc inter eos tu sermo es, Prop.: Cataplus ille Puteolanus, sermo illius temporis, Cic. – B) insbes.: 1) die gelehrte Unterredung, Disputation, der Dialog, sermo oritur ab alqa re, Cic.: princeps Crassus eius sermonis ordiendi fuit, Cic.: in sermonem ingredi, teilnehmen an der U., Cic.: vocare alqm in longum sermonem, auffordern zu usw., Cic.: sermonem cum alqo habere de amicitia, Cic.: num sermonem vestrum aliquem diremit noster adventus? Cic.: sermones, quos scripsit (Plato), Gell. – 2) die gewöhnliche Rede, die Umfangssprache, das ruhige-, gelassene Gespräch, der ruhige-, gelassene Gesprächston (Ggstz. contentio, s. Cornif. rhet. 2, 23. Cic. de off. 1, 132), sermonis plenus orator, Cic.: litigantes a sermone incipiant, ad vociferationem transeant, Sen.: supra modum sermonis attolli, Quint.: vox sermoni proxima, Quint.: scribere sermoni propiora, Hor. – dah. meton.: a) bei Horaz, seine Briefe u. Satiren, als dem gewöhnli-

————

chen Gesprächston sich annähernde Sprachdarstellungen, im Gegensatz zu dem erhabenen poetischen Ausdruck, Hor. ep. 1, 4, 1 u. 2, 2, 60 (von den Satiren); u. ibid. 2, 1, 250 (von den Briefen). – b) die sich dem Gesprächston annähernde kunstlose Rede, ut rursus vaces sermoni, quem apud municipes meos habui, Plin. ep. 1, 8, 2. – c) übh. gesprochene Worte, getane Äußerung, hic sermo Abdalonymi, Curt. 4, 1 (4), 26: multi et illustres et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habiti, meine vielen unzweideutigen, auf der Gerichtsbühne u. im gewöhnlichen Leben getanen Äußerungen, Cic. ep. 3, 8, 2. – 3) mit Beziehung auf ein gewisses Objekt, die Rede der Menge über etw., das Gerede, das Gerücht, verb. sermo atque fama, Cic.: vulgi, hominum, Cic.: sermones lacessere, G. hervorrufen, zu G. Veranlassung geben, Cic.: dare sermonem alci, jmdm. zu reden geben, Cic.: ebenso sermones praebere aliis, Liv.: materiam sermonibus praebere, Tac.: ne putet aliquid oratione meā sermonis in sese aut invidiae esse quaesitum, übler Nachrede, Cic. – II) übtr.: 1) die Sprache = die Sprech-, die Rede-, Ausdrucksweise, der Ausdruck, a) eig.: s. rusticus (der Bauern), urbanus (der Städter), Liv.: s. proletarius, Plaut., plebeius, Cic.: s. cotidianus, Quint.: s. lenis minimeque pertinax, Cic.: antiquior est huius (Catonis) sermo, Cic.: delicatus, festivus, elegans, Cic.: sermonis elegantia, Cic.: s. te-

————

nuis exsanguisque, Cic.: sermonis error, irrtümliche Ausdrucksweise, Cic.: fuit ergo in Catulo sermo Latinus, Cic.: est igitur tropus sermo a naturali et principali significatione translatus ad aliam, Quint. – b) meton., die besonders gesprochenen oder geschriebenen Worte, der Ausdruck, Satz, s. Ulp. dig. 7, 1, 20; 11, 7, 2. § 1. Pompon. dig. 28, 5, 29 u. ö. bei den ICt.: Plur., non possum exprimere sermonibus, ich finde nicht Worte, Min. Fel. 2, 2. – 2) die Sprache, die jmd. redet, u. im Ggstz. zu einer anderen die Mundart, der Dialekt, patrii sermonis egestas, Lucr.: sermone debemus uti, qui natus est nobis, unserer Muttersprache, Cic.; vgl. nativus ille sermo commercio aliarum gentium exolevit, Curt.: sermoni Persarum se dedidit, Nep.: quae philosophi Graeco sermone tractassent, Cic.: sermonem humanum imitari, v. Vögeln, Plin. – lusciniae Graeco atque Latino sermone dociles, Plin. – 3) der Sprachgebrauch, rectus, ICt.: vulgi sermone mors significatur, ICt. – ⇒ Das o im Nom. von Natur lang, Lucr. 4, 535. Hor. sat. 1, 10, 23: später verkürzt, Iuven. 6, 193; 8, 39.

suprā (altlat. suprād), Adv. u. Praepos. (st. superā [sc. parte] von superus), I) Adv. m. Compar.: 1) v. Raume: a) auf der oberen Seite, oben, oben darauf, oberhalb (Ggstz. infra), oleum supra siet, Cato: omnia haec, quae supra et subter, unum esse, Cic.: et mare quod supra teneant quodque alluit infra, Verg.: magno numero iumentorum in flumine supra atque infra constituto, Caes.: supra, non infra est deus, Lact. – b) darüber heraus, darüber hervor, toto vertice supra est, Verg. – Compar. superius, weiter hinauf, weiter oben, piscina superius construenda, Pallad.: superius rapiuntur, Sen.: Ggstz. subterius, Isid. orig. 16, 8, 4. – c) oben, vorher, bei Verweisungen in Schrift u. Rede, uti supra demonstravimus, Caes.: ut supra dixi, Cic.: ille, quem supra deformavi, Cic.: quae supra dixi, Cic.: supra dictae particulae, Gell.: erunt adiungenda supra dictis etiam mictualia medicamenta, Cael. Aur. – Compar. superius, weiter oben, ut superius demonstravimus, Auct. b. Hisp.: dixi superius, Phaedr.: de qua superius dixerim, Firm. – 2) von der Zeit, von oben an, von früher her, weiter (aus vergangener Zeit), pauca supra repetere, Sall., de alqo, Tac. – 3) v. Maße: a) eig.: darüber, mehr, centesimus tibi vel supra premitur annus, Sen.: ager fortasse trecentis aut etiam supra nummorum milibus emptus, Hor.: supra adicere, mehr bieten, Cic. – b)

————

übtr., darüber hinaus, mehr, dialogos confeci et absolvi nescio quam bene, sed ita accurate, ut nihil possit supra, Cic.: dominandi supra quam aestimari avidissimus potest, Aur. Vict.: nihil supra, Ter.: supra deos lacessere, noch mehr, Hor. – dah. supra quam, mehr als, patiens inediae, algoris, supra quam cuiquam credibile est, Sall.: rem supra feret, quam fieri potest, größer machen, als es möglich ist, Cic.

II) Praepos. m. Acc.: 1) v. Raume: a) mit Verben der Ruhe = über, oben über, oben auf, auf (Ggstz. infra), ille qui supra nos habitat, Plaut.: Nerëides supra delphinos et cete sedentes, Plin.: ubi circa muros supra subterque terram per dies quindecim pugnatum est, Liv.: mit Berücksichtigung der Rangordnung, accumbere supra alqm, (bei Tische) über jmd. liegen, Cic. – insbes. von der geographischen Lage = oberhalb, jenseit, exercitus, qui supra Suessulam Nolae praesideret, Liv.: Syene est supra Alexandriam, Plin. – bildl., supra caput, über dem Kopfe, d.i. auf dem Halse, zur Last, ecce supra caput homo levis, da hab' ich auf dem Halse, Cic.: supra caput esse, Sall. u. Liv. – übtr., zur Bezeichnung des Amtes, das jmd. hat, über, qui supra bibliothecam fuerunt, Vitr. 7. praef. § 5: supra rationes esse positum, Ps. Quint. decl. 353: libertus supra hereditates, Scribon. 162: supra insulas, Corp. inscr. Lat. 14, 2769: supra iumenta, ibid. 6, 7987 u. 9486: supra cocos,

————

ibid. 6, 9261. – b) mit Verben der Bewegung: α) über... hinweg, über... hin, fera saltu supra venabula fertur, Verg.: supra segetes navigare, Ov. – β) oben auf, tignumque supra turba petulans insilit, Phaedr.: nec exissent umquam supra terram, Cic. – γ) über... hinaus, attolli supra ceteros mortales, Plin.: supra alqm ire, einen übertreffen, Verg.: exsurgere supra dolores, Ps. Albinov. – 2) v. der Zeit, über, vor, paulo supra hanc memoriam, Caes.: supra septingentesimum annum, Liv. – 3) vom Maße, a) eig. = über, über... hinaus, supra milia viginti, Liv.: nec supra geminos fetus, Plin. – b) übtr.: α) über, über... hinaus, supra modum, Liv.: supra morem, Verg.: supra vires, Hor.: supra humanam formam, Phaedr.: supra humanam fidem, Plin.: supra omnium opinionem, Scrib.: dominatio et potentia, quae supra leges se esse velit, die mehr gelten will als, Cic.: supra Coclites Musiosque id facinus esse, gehe über die eines K.u.M. hinaus, Liv. – β) über, außer, supra belli Latini metum id quoque accesserat, quod etc., Liv.: de floribus supra dictos scripsit Theophrastus, außer den genannten, Plin.

umerus (humerus), ī, m. (ὦμος), I) eig., der Knochen des Oberarmes, das Oberarmbein, Cels. 8, 1. p. 326, 37 D. – II) übtr., der ganze Oberarm mit der Schulter, vom Schulterblatt und dem Schlüsselbein (iugulum) bis zum Ellbogen (ulna), die Achsel, die Schulter (ὦμος), a) der Menschen, dexter, Quint.: laevus, Curt. u. Aur. Vict.: demissis umeris esse, Ter.: sagittae pendebant ab umero, Cic.: ex umeris armi fiunt, Ov.: umerum onerare pallio, den M. auf die Sch. nehmen, Ter.: alqm umeris subire, aufhocken, Verg.: puerum in umeros suos efferre (emporheben), Cic.: allevati circumstantium umeris, Tac.: im Bilde, consulatus ipse, qui sibi tuis umeris attolli et augescere videtur, Plin. pan.: comitia umeris suis sustinere, Cic.: nec dii sierint, ut Alexandri fortuna tantique regni fastigium in istos umeros ruat, Curt.: vix haec... nixa in omnium nostrûm umeris cohaerebunt, Cic. – b) der Tiere, der Vorderbug (gew. armus), des Ochsen, Cic.: des Ebers, Verg.: der Hähne, Colum. – c) übtr., vom schulterähnlichen mittleren Teil, die Schulter, der Rücken, der Bäume u. Weinstöcke, Colum. u. Plin.: der Berge, Länder usw., Stat. u. Plin.

* * *

immensus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmensus], immeasurable, boundless, endless, vast, immense (freq. and class.; syn.: infinitus, ingens, interminatus).

Adj.

Lit.:

si immensam et interminatam in omnes partes magnitudinem regionum videretis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54:

aëra deum statuit eumque gigni esseque immensum et infinitum,

id. ib. 1, 10, 26:

ex ingenti quodam oratorem immensoque campo in exiguum sane gyrum compellitis,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70:

in mari immenso vehi,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:

domus,

Ov. F. 6, 640:

mons,

Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 96:

via,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 78:

fines ingenii,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214:

series laborum,

Ov. H. 9, 5:

jacuitque per antrum Immensus,

Verg. A. 3, 632; cf.:

omnis eorum juventus infinita numero, immensa corporibus,

Vell. 2, 106, 1:

argenti pondus et auri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; Hor. S. 1, 1, 41: pretiis [p. 892] emere, Suet. Calig. 39:

observata sunt haec tempore immenso,

Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

nox,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 25.—

Trop., vast, measureless, boundless:

morae,

Ov. H. 1, 82:

fletus,

id. M. 10, 136:

immensa vorago aut gurges vitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

immensae, infinitae, immoderatae cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34:

sitis cruoris,

Ov. M. 13, 768:

difficultas,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4:

differentia,

id. 36, 5, 4, § 20: fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, fathomless (the fig. being taken from a river), Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

immensum est, erratas dicere terras,

there is no end of recounting, Ov. F. 4, 573; cf.:

quod persequi immensum est,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 102.— Sup. (very rare):

immensissimae voluptates,

Spart. Hadr. 19.—

Subst.: immensum, i, n., a boundless extent, immense size, boundlessness, immensity (rare;

not in Cic.): extra Processit longe flammantia moenia mundi, Atque omne immensum peragravit mente animoque,

Lucr. 1, 74; cf. id. 1, 957:

loci,

Liv. 5, 37, 5:

per immensum ventis discordibus actus,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

proruta per immensum aedificia,

over a vast extent, Tac. A. 15, 40:

aliquid mercari immenso,

at an enormous price, Plin. 9, 40, 64, § 138:

mons saxeus in immensum editus,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Aetne,

Ov. M. 2, 220:

ad immensum aliquid augere,

Liv. 29, 25, 3:

aliquid immenso plus laudare,

immoderately, Plin. 20, 9, 36, § 92. —

Adv.: immensum, without end, exceedingly, immensely (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

creverat immensum,

Ov. F. 5, 537:

immensum attolli,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

vigere,

id. ib. 3, 30:

luxus immensum proruperat,

id. ib. 3, 52:

immensum quantum hinc Oceano, illinc Hiberico mari conprimentibus,

exceedingly, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110; 16, 36, 66, § 172.

immensus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmensus], immeasurable, boundless, endless, vast, immense (freq. and class.; syn.: infinitus, ingens, interminatus).

Adj.

Lit.:

si immensam et interminatam in omnes partes magnitudinem regionum videretis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54:

aëra deum statuit eumque gigni esseque immensum et infinitum,

id. ib. 1, 10, 26:

ex ingenti quodam oratorem immensoque campo in exiguum sane gyrum compellitis,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70:

in mari immenso vehi,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:

domus,

Ov. F. 6, 640:

mons,

Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 96:

via,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 78:

fines ingenii,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214:

series laborum,

Ov. H. 9, 5:

jacuitque per antrum Immensus,

Verg. A. 3, 632; cf.:

omnis eorum juventus infinita numero, immensa corporibus,

Vell. 2, 106, 1:

argenti pondus et auri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; Hor. S. 1, 1, 41: pretiis [p. 892] emere, Suet. Calig. 39:

observata sunt haec tempore immenso,

Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

nox,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 25.—

Trop., vast, measureless, boundless:

morae,

Ov. H. 1, 82:

fletus,

id. M. 10, 136:

immensa vorago aut gurges vitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

immensae, infinitae, immoderatae cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34:

sitis cruoris,

Ov. M. 13, 768:

difficultas,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4:

differentia,

id. 36, 5, 4, § 20: fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, fathomless (the fig. being taken from a river), Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

immensum est, erratas dicere terras,

there is no end of recounting, Ov. F. 4, 573; cf.:

quod persequi immensum est,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 102.— Sup. (very rare):

immensissimae voluptates,

Spart. Hadr. 19.—

Subst.: immensum, i, n., a boundless extent, immense size, boundlessness, immensity (rare;

not in Cic.): extra Processit longe flammantia moenia mundi, Atque omne immensum peragravit mente animoque,

Lucr. 1, 74; cf. id. 1, 957:

loci,

Liv. 5, 37, 5:

per immensum ventis discordibus actus,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

proruta per immensum aedificia,

over a vast extent, Tac. A. 15, 40:

aliquid mercari immenso,

at an enormous price, Plin. 9, 40, 64, § 138:

mons saxeus in immensum editus,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Aetne,

Ov. M. 2, 220:

ad immensum aliquid augere,

Liv. 29, 25, 3:

aliquid immenso plus laudare,

immoderately, Plin. 20, 9, 36, § 92. —

Adv.: immensum, without end, exceedingly, immensely (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

creverat immensum,

Ov. F. 5, 537:

immensum attolli,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

vigere,

id. ib. 3, 30:

luxus immensum proruperat,

id. ib. 3, 52:

immensum quantum hinc Oceano, illinc Hiberico mari conprimentibus,

exceedingly, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110; 16, 36, 66, § 172.

immensus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmensus], immeasurable, boundless, endless, vast, immense (freq. and class.; syn.: infinitus, ingens, interminatus).

Adj.

Lit.:

si immensam et interminatam in omnes partes magnitudinem regionum videretis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54:

aëra deum statuit eumque gigni esseque immensum et infinitum,

id. ib. 1, 10, 26:

ex ingenti quodam oratorem immensoque campo in exiguum sane gyrum compellitis,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70:

in mari immenso vehi,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:

domus,

Ov. F. 6, 640:

mons,

Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 96:

via,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 78:

fines ingenii,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214:

series laborum,

Ov. H. 9, 5:

jacuitque per antrum Immensus,

Verg. A. 3, 632; cf.:

omnis eorum juventus infinita numero, immensa corporibus,

Vell. 2, 106, 1:

argenti pondus et auri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; Hor. S. 1, 1, 41: pretiis [p. 892] emere, Suet. Calig. 39:

observata sunt haec tempore immenso,

Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

nox,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 25.—

Trop., vast, measureless, boundless:

morae,

Ov. H. 1, 82:

fletus,

id. M. 10, 136:

immensa vorago aut gurges vitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

immensae, infinitae, immoderatae cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34:

sitis cruoris,

Ov. M. 13, 768:

difficultas,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4:

differentia,

id. 36, 5, 4, § 20: fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, fathomless (the fig. being taken from a river), Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

immensum est, erratas dicere terras,

there is no end of recounting, Ov. F. 4, 573; cf.:

quod persequi immensum est,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 102.— Sup. (very rare):

immensissimae voluptates,

Spart. Hadr. 19.—

Subst.: immensum, i, n., a boundless extent, immense size, boundlessness, immensity (rare;

not in Cic.): extra Processit longe flammantia moenia mundi, Atque omne immensum peragravit mente animoque,

Lucr. 1, 74; cf. id. 1, 957:

loci,

Liv. 5, 37, 5:

per immensum ventis discordibus actus,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

proruta per immensum aedificia,

over a vast extent, Tac. A. 15, 40:

aliquid mercari immenso,

at an enormous price, Plin. 9, 40, 64, § 138:

mons saxeus in immensum editus,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Aetne,

Ov. M. 2, 220:

ad immensum aliquid augere,

Liv. 29, 25, 3:

aliquid immenso plus laudare,

immoderately, Plin. 20, 9, 36, § 92. —

Adv.: immensum, without end, exceedingly, immensely (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

creverat immensum,

Ov. F. 5, 537:

immensum attolli,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

vigere,

id. ib. 3, 30:

luxus immensum proruperat,

id. ib. 3, 52:

immensum quantum hinc Oceano, illinc Hiberico mari conprimentibus,

exceedingly, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110; 16, 36, 66, § 172.

in-surgo, surrexi, rectum, 3, v. n.

To rise upon, to rise up or to: insurgite remis, rise on your oars, i. e. ply your oars vigorously, Verg. A. 3, 560; 3, 207; 5, 189; so,

remis insurgitur,

Val. Fl. 2, 14:

insurgit transtris,

id. ib. 1, 450:

nigro glomerari pulvere nubem Prospiciunt Teucri, ac tenebras insurgere campis,

Verg. A. 9, 33:

sibilat insurgens capiti,

raising its head, Sil. 10, 546.—

With acc.:

jugum (i. q. in jugum),

App. M. 1, p. 103.—

To raise one ' s self, to rise, mount:

insurgat Aquilo,

Hor. Epod. 10, 7:

si forte prolapsus est, attolli et insurgere haud licitum,

Tac. G. 39, 8:

altior insurgens et cursu concitus heros,

Verg. A. 12, 902:

et (serpens) sibilat ore, Arduus insurgens,

id. ib. 11, 755:

acuta silex Speluncae dorso insurgens,

id. ib. 8, 233:

inde colles insurgunt,

Liv. 22, 4, 2:

pone tergum insurgebat silva,

Tac. A. 2, 16; so in fight, to rise for a blow:

ostendit dextram insurgens Entellus,

Verg. A. 5, 443:

altior,

Sil. 5, 294. —

Transf.

To rise, grow in power: insurgere regnis alicujus, to rise against, i. e. to aim at seizing one ' s kingdom, Ov. M. 9, 444:

Caesar insurgere paulatim,

Tac. A. 1, 2:

Romanas opes insurgere,

id. ib. 11, 16. —

Of waters, floods:

vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

Ov. M. 11, 530: Atax usque eo solitus insurgere, ut se ipse non capiat, Mel. 2, 6, 6.—

To arise:

insurgunt fremitus,

Val. Fl. 2, 82. —

To rise up, to rouse or bestir one ' s self:

invigilare publicis utilitatibus et insurgere,

Plin. Pan. 66, 2.—

Of speech, to rise above the level of ordinary language, to become sublime:

Horatius insurgit aliquando,

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

augeri debent sententiae, et insurgere,

id. 9, 4, 23:

haec sunt, quibus mens pariter et oratio insurgant,

id. 12, 2, 28; id. 11, 3, 13.

mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. melas, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].— Comp.: pējor, pejus.— Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.:

malus et nequam homo,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1:

pessima puella,

Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10:

delituit mala,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9:

philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23:

malam opinionem habere de aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59:

consuetudo,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

conscientia,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

mens,

id. ib.:

mores,

Sall. C. 18:

fures,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 77:

Furiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 135:

virus,

Verg. G. 1, 129:

cicuta,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 56:

libido,

Liv. 1, 57:

falx,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

gramina,

id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17:

abi in malam rem,

go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17:

pugna,

unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56:

avis,

i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46:

ales,

id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4:

haud mala est mulier,

not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

facies,

Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43:

crus,

i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102:

pondus,

i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick:

in malis aeger est,

in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.:

tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,

id. 3, 5 med.:

eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,

id. ib. —In neutr. sing., as adv.:

ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp.: pejor, worse:

via,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,

mă-lum, i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.

In gen.:

orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25:

quam sit bellum, cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

hostes inopinato malo turbati,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

externum, i. e. bellum,

Nep. Hamilc. 21:

ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,

Cels. 3, 15:

hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,

Liv. 2, 34, 11.—

In partic.

Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury:

malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,

Liv. 2, 54, 10:

malo exercitum coërcere,

Sall. J. 100, 5:

sine malo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11:

vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,

ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,

is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5:

clementiam illi malo fuisse,

was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own [p. 1105] hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.):

olet homo quidam malo suo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165:

male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,

to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—

Wrong-doing:

causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,

Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—

As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment:

quid tu, malum, me sequere?

Plaut. Cas. 1, 3:

qui, malum, alii?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—

As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—

măle, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, alogistôs, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

di isti Segulio male faciant,

do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1:

o factum male de Alexione!

id. Att. 15, 1, 1:

male velle alicui,

to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13:

Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

male loqui,

id. Rosc. Am. 48:

male loqui alicui, for maledicere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25:

male accipere verbis aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,

to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

hoc male habet virum,

annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5:

male se habere,

to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6:

male est animo,

it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

male est animo,

I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

male fit animo,

I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1:

quae res tibi vertat male,

much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

male tibi esse malo quam molliter,

I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1:

proelium male pugnatum,

unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7:

ea quae male empta sunt,

at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1:

male vendere,

at a sacrifice, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34:

male tegere mutationem fortunae,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

male sustinere arma,

unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

male metuo, ne, etc.,

exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

rauci,

miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.—

When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,

insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

male sana,

with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8:

gratus,

i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27:

male fidas provincias,

unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17:

statio male fida carinis,

unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp.:

oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

pejusque leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and:

cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.

mālus, i, f., Gr. mêlea, an appletree:

malus bifera,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7:

et steriles platani malos gessere valentes,

Verg. G. 2, 70:

malus granata,

the pomegranate, Isid. 17, 7, 6:

felices arbores putantur esse quercus...malus, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.

mālus, i, m. [by some referred to root mac-; Gr. makros; Lat. magnus; but perh. the same word with 2. malus], an upright mast, pole, or beam.

In gen.:

malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit,

Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—

Esp.

A mast of a ship:

ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere nihil dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

malum erigi, vela fieri imperavit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

attolli malos,

Verg. A. 5, 829:

malo suspendit ab alto,

id. ib. 5, 489:

saucius,

injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—

A standard or pole, to which the awnings spread over the theatre were attached, Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—

The beam in the middle of a wine-press, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

The corner beams of a tower:

turrium mali,

Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.

praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].

Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):

praecipitem trahi,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:

aliquem praecipitem deicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

praeceps ad terram datus,

dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:

praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,

Ov. M. 12, 128:

hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,

threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:

aliquem in praeceps jacere,

headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,

jacto in praeceps corpore,

id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:

in praeceps deferri,

Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:

abiit grex per praeceps in mare,

Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:

de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,

Cat. 17, 9:

se jacere praecipitem e vertice,

id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:

ab equo praeceps decidit,

Ov. Ib. 259:

(apes) praecipites Cadunt,

Verg. G. 4, 80:

aliquem praecipitem agere,

to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:

praecipites se fugae mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,

Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:

praeceps amensque cucurri,

Ov. M. 7, 844:

praeceps Fertur,

is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

nuntii,

Tac. H. 2, 6.—

Transf., of inanim. things.

Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:

in declivi ac praecipiti loco,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

via (opp. plana),

Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

saxa,

Liv. 38, 23:

fossae,

Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:

iter,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.

trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

loci,

Col. 1, 2:

mons,

Plin. Pan. 16.—

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:

turrim in praecipiti stantem,

Verg. A. 2, 460:

specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,

Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

in praeceps pervenitur,

Vell. 2, 3, 4:

immane,

Juv. 10, 107:

altissimum,

App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:

in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,

Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—

Sinking, declining:

(in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,

Col. 5, 6, 33:

sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,

Verg. G. 3, 359:

jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,

Liv. 10, 42:

dies,

id. 4, 9; cf.:

senectus,

Curt. 6, 5, 3. —

In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;

syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:

Boreas,

Ov. M. 2, 185:

nox,

fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:

procella,

Stat. Th. 5, 419:

oceani fragor,

Val. Fl. 3, 404:

letum,

Sen. Hippol. 262:

remedium,

Curt. 3, 6, 2.—

Trop., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate.

In gen. (class.):

noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:

sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,

almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,

to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:

quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,

am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:

praeceps celeritas dicendi,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:

SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,

sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—

In partic.

Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:

homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:

praeceps consilium et immaturum,

Suet. Aug. 8:

cogitatio,

id. Calig. 48:

audacia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—

Inclined to any thing:

praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,

Liv. 26, 38:

praeceps ingenio in iram,

id. 23, 7:

animus ad flagitia praeceps,

Tac. A. 16, 21.—

Dangerous, hazardous, critical:

in tam praecipiti tempore,

Ov. F. 2, 400.—Hence,

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.

Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:

se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,

brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:

levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:

aeger est in praecipiti,

Cels. 2, 6.—

The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):

omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,

at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:

debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,

to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.

Lit.:

aliquem praeceps trahere,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:

moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,

Verg. A. 4, 253.—

Trop.:

eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,

brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:

praeceps in exsilium acti,

suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.

prīvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [privus].

To bereave, deprive, rob, strip of any thing (class.; cf.: orbo, viduo).

With abl.:

haec meretrix meum erum... privavit bonis, luce, honore,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 20:

donis privatus sum,

id. ib. 2, 7, 56:

aliquem approbatione,

Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 61:

praepositio in privat verbum eā vi, quam haberet, si in praepositum non fuisset,

id. Top. 11, 48:

aliquem somno,

id. Att. 9, 10, 1:

se oculis,

id. Fin. 5, 29, 87:

aliquem vitā,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 8:

aliquem communi luce,

id. Quint. 23, 74:

patriam aspectu suo,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

cibo,

Lucr. 1, 1038:

lumine,

Ov. P. 1, 1, 53:

fide,

Stat. Th. 2, 695.—

With gen. (anteclass.): me cum privares tui, Afran. ap. Non. 498, 17 (Com. Rel. p. 156 Rib.).—

With acc. (ante-class.): quod res vis hunc privari pulcras quas uti solet? Nov. ap. Non. 500, 16 (l. l. p. 224 Rib.).—

To free, release, deliver from any thing; with abl.:

aliquem injuriā,

Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 13:

exsilio,

id. Att. 1, 16, 9:

molestiā,

id. ib. 12, 26, 2:

dolore,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

dolore,

Lucr. 1, 60:

dominis superbis,

id. 2, 1091:

formidine,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 77.—Hence,

prīvantĭa, ĭum, n., privatives, a transl. of the Gr. sterêtika: sunt enim alia contraria, quae privantia licet appellemus Latine, Graece appellantur sterêtika, Cic. Top. 11, 48.—

prīvātus, a, um, P. a.

Apart from the State, peculiar to one's self, of or belonging to an individual, private (opp. publicus or communis; cf. domesticus;

class.): nihil privati ac separati agri,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1:

utatur privatis ut suis,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:

privatus illis census erat brevis, Commune magnum,

Hor. C. 2, 15, 13:

vestem mutare privato consensu, opp. publico consilio,

Cic. Sest. 12, 27:

de communi quicquid poterat, ad se in privatam domum sevocabat,

id. Quint. 3, 13:

res quae ipsius erant privatae,

private property, id. ib. 4, 15:

privatae feriae vocantur sacrorum propriorum, velut dies natales,

Fest. p. 242 Müll.—

Esp., of persons, not in public or official life, private, deprived of office:

cum projectis fascibus et deposito imperio, privatus et captus ipse in alienam venisset potestatem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32; Liv. 3, 41: vir privatus, a private individual, one who is not a magistrate, or in any public office:

privato viro imperium extra ordinem dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:

Bibulus ex iis, qui privati sunt,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

privatus an cum potestate,

id. Inv. 1, 25, 35:

privati, opp. reges,

id. Div. 1, 40, 89.—

Of things:

aedificia,

isolated, apart from the villages, Caes. B. G. 1, 5:

vita privata et quieta,

a private life, withdrawn from State affairs, Cic. Sen. 7, 22.—

Neutr. absol. in the phrases in privato, in private, opp. in publico, in public, Liv. 39, 18: in privatum, for private use:

tabernas vendidit in privatum,

id. 40, 51: ex privato, from one's private property:

tributum ex privato conferre,

id. 30, 44.—

Subst.: prīvātus, i, m. (sc. homo), a man in private life, citizen (opp. magistratus):

hic qualis imperator nunc privatus est,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 63: an vero P. Scipio pontifex maximus Ti. Gracchum privatus interfecit;

Catilinam nos consules perferemus?

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3.— Plur., Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 43:

consilium dedimus Sullae, privatus ut altum Dormiret,

Juv. 1, 16.—

In the time of the emperors, private, i. e. not imperial, not belonging to the emperor or to the imperial family:

id sibi (Domitiano) maxime formidolosum, privati hominis (i. e. Agricolae) nomen supra principis attolli,

Tac. Agr. 39:

ut summum fastigium privati hominis impleret, cum principis noluisset,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

spectacula,

not given by the emperor, Suet. Ner. 21.— Adv.: prīvā-tō, at home (very rare for the class. privatim, q. v.): privato nos tenuissemus, Liv. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 1009 P.

rĕpercussus, a, um, Part., from repercutio.

rĕpercussus, ūs, m. [repercutio], a rebounding, reverberation, repercussion, of light, sound, wind, etc.; reflection, echo, counter-pressure:

solis,

Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 35; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 17:

Etesiarum,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 55:

colorum,

id. 37, 2, 8, § 22:

vocis,

Tac. G. 3 al.: attolli colles occursantium inter se radicum repercussu, by the meeting or crowding together, Plin. 16, 2, 2, § 6:

ut, ex splendore galearum, et repercussu, quasi ardere caelum videretur,

Flor. 3, 3, 15:

maris,

Plin. Ep. 10, 61 (69), 4.

sĭnŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.].

Lit., to bend, wind, curve; to bow, to swell out in curves (perh. not ante-Aug.; most freq. in the poets;

syn.: curvo, flecto): (anguis) sinuat immensa volumine terga,

Verg. A. 2, 208; cf.:

flexos corpus in orbes (anguis),

Ov. M. 9, 64:

(equus) sinuet alterna volumina crurum,

Verg. G. 3, 192:

imposito patulos calamo sinuaverat arcus,

i. e. had bent, stretched, Ov. M. 8, 30; so,

arcum,

id. ib. 8, 381: nervum, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1198:

Euphraten immensum attolli et in modum diadematis sinuare orbes,

Tac. A. 6, 37:

(anguis) immensos saltu sinuatur in arcus,

Ov. M. 3, 42; cf.:

gurges curvos sinuatus in arcus,

id. ib. 14, 51:

cornua Lunae sinuantur,

id. ib. 3, 682; 14, 501; Cels. 8, 1 med.: muri per artem obliqui aut introrsus sinuati, bent inwards, i. e. with retreating angles, Tac. H. 5, 11; cf.:

exercitus in cornua, sinuatā mediā parte, curvatur,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 4:

(Chaucorum gens) donec in Chattos usque sinuetur,

extends in a curve, Tac. G. 35:

Ionia se ambagibus sinuat,

Mel. 1, 17:

oceanum,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 271.—

Transf., to hollow out, excavate:

adhuc sana rodendo,

Cels. 7, 2, § 21.

sū̆prā (orig. form sŭpĕrā, Lucr. 1, 429; 4, 672; 5, 1407; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 106; cf. Prisc. pp. 980 and 1001 P.), adv. and prep. [superus].

Adv., on the upper side, on the top, above.

Lit., of place:

omnia haec, quae supra et subter, unum esse dixerunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 20:

partes eae, quae sunt infra quam id, quod devoratur, dilatantur, quae autem supra, contrahuntur,

id. N. D. 2, 54, 135:

magno numero jumentorum in flumine supra atquo infra constituto,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64; and:

et mare, quod supra, teneant, quodque alluit infra,

Verg. A. 8, 149:

oleum supra siet,

Cato, R. R. 119; 101:

cotem illam et novaculam defossam in comitio supraque impositum puteal accepimus,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33:

toto vertice supra est,

i. e. is taller, Verg. A. 11, 683: ut letata corpora vidit Victoremque supra hostem, i. e. lying or stretched over them, Ov. M. 3, 56; cf.:

stupet inscia supra,

Verg. A. 7, 381.— Comp.:

alia superius rapiuntur,

upward, on high, Sen. Q. N. 5, 8, 3: piscina superius construenda, Pall. 1, 34, 2 (opp. subterius, Isid. 16, 8, 4).—

Trop.

Of time, before, formerly, previously (esp. of any thing previously said or written):

quae supra scripta est,

Cato, R. R. 157, 2:

quod jam supra tibi ostendimus,

Lucr. 1, 429:

quae supra dixi,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 208:

quae supra scripsi,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

quem supra deformavi,

id. Caecin. 5, 14:

uti supra demonstravimus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 1:

ut supra dixi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9; id. Lael. 4, 15; 14, 48:

ut supra scripsi,

Plin. Ep. 6, 27, 5:

de quo (filio) commemoravi supra,

Nep. Dion, 6, 2:

supra repetere,

farther back, from past times, Sall. C. 5, 9; id. J. 5, 3; Tac. A. 16, 18.— Comp.:

quantum valerent inter homines litterae, Dixi superius,

before, farther back, Phaedr. 4, 23, 2: ut superius demonstravimus, Auct. B. Hisp. 28, 4; 34, 5.—

Of number or measure, beyond, over, more:

supra adjecit Aeschrio,

offered higher, more, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 77:

amor tantus ut nihil supra possit,

id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

ita accurate, ut nihil posset supra,

id. Att. 13, 19, 3:

nihil pote supra,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11:

voltu Adeo modesto, ut nihil supra,

id. And. 1, 1, 93; id. Eun. 3, 1, 37:

nihil supra Deos lacesso,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 11.—After et or aut ( poet. and post-class.):

agrum fortasse trecentis Aut etiam supra nummorum milibus emptum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 165:

quot illum putas annos secum tulisse? Septuaginta et supra,

Petr. 43 fin.:

tricena aut supra stipendia numerantes,

Tac. A. 1, 35:

a triginta annis et supra,

Vulg. Num. 4, 23; 4, 30; 4, 35 (cf. II. B. 2. infra).—

With quam, less freq. quod, above or beyond what, more than:

saepe supra feret, quam fieri possit,

Cic. Or. 40, 139:

corpus patiens inediae, algoris, vigiliae, supra quam cuiquam credibile est,

Sall. C. 5, 3; id. J. 24, 5:

dominandi supra quam aestimari potest avidissimus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1 med.:

supra quam optari potuit,

Amm. 17, 1, 12:

supra quod capere possum,

Dig. 32, 1, 28.—

Prep. with acc., above, over.

Lit., of place:

si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent... nec exissent umquam supra terram,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

ille qui supra nos habitat,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 38:

supra tribunal et supra praetoris caput,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 77:

supra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

supra se in summo jugo,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

accubueram horā nonā... et quidem supra me Atticus, infra Verrius,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1:

saltu supra venabula fertur,

Verg. A. 9, 553:

supra segetes Navigat,

over the cornfields, Ov. M. 1, 295:

attolli supra ceteros mortales,

Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 27 (dub.;

Jahn, super): supra lignum turba insilit,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 20:

ecce supra caput homo levis ac sordidus,

i. e. burdensome, annoying, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; so,

supra caput esse,

to be close at hand, Sall. C. 52, 24; cf. Verg. A. 3, 194; Liv. 3, 17, 4; 4, 22, 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; Sen. Ep 108;

rarely supra capita,

Liv. 42, 42, 6.—

In partic., of geographical position, above, beyond: supra Maeotis paludes, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49 (Epigr. v. 7, p. 163 Vahl.):

supra Suessulam,

Liv. 23, 32, 2:

Syene oppidum, quod est supra Alexandriam quinque millibus stadiorum,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183;

supra Britanniam,

id. 2, 97, 99, § 217. —

Trop.

Of time, before:

paulo supra hanc memoriam,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19; supra septingentesimum annum, Liv. praef. § 4.—

Of number, degree, or quantity.

With numbers, = plus, amplius (not in Cic. or Cæs.), over, above, beyond, more than:

supra quattuor milia hominum orabunt ut, etc.,

Liv. 43, 3, 2:

caesa eo die supra milia viginti,

id. 30, 35, 3; 3, 31, 4:

supra septem milia hominum domos remisit,

id. 21, 23, 6; 23, 17, 2; 23, 37, 11 sq.; 23, 49, 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 17; 3, 6, 1; 3, 7, 11:

supra duos menses sapor ejus non permanet integer,

Col. 12, 49, 3:

tres (cyathos),

Hor. C. 3, 19, 15.—

In gen.:

quibus solida ungula, nec supra geminos fetus,

Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 233; cf.:

de floribus supra dictus scripsit Theophrastus,

besides, id. 21, 3, 9, § 13:

hominis fortunam,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41:

ratio supra hominem putanda est deoque tribuenda,

id. N. D. 2, 13, 34:

potentia, quae supra leges se esse velit,

id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6:

humanam supra fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 24, 24:

supra Coclites Muciosque id facinus esse,

Liv. 2, 13, 8:

modum,

id. 21, 7, 7; Col. 4, 27, 4:

vires,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22: humanam fidem Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38: morem, Verg. G. 2, 227; Sall. C. 3, 2:

supra belli Latini metum id quoque accesserat, quod,

besides, Liv. 2, 18, 3.—Prov.:

supra homines, supra ire deos pietate,

i. e. to attain the highest degree, Verg. A. 12, 839 Heyne ad loc.—

Sometimes to indicate that over which one is placed as superintendent (mostly postclass.):

dispositi, quos supra somnum habebat,

watchers, Curt. 6, 11, 3:

qui supra bibliothecam fuerunt,

Vitr. 7, praef. §

5: servus supra rationes positus,

Pseudo Quint. Decl. 353:

SVPRA INSVLAS,

Inscr. Orell. 721 and 2927:

SVPRA IVMENTA,

ib. 2870:

SVPRA VELARIOS,

ib. 2967:

SVPRA COCOS,

ib. 2827; Inscr. Grut. p. 1111, 1.—

Compounds formed with supra are extremely rare. In late Lat. supradictus, suprafatus, suprafundo, suprajacio, supranatans, suprasedeo, etc., are found, but here supra is properly written separately as an adv.; only suprascando (v. h. v.), on account of its signif., is to be written as one word.