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assimilation+f

  • 1 traho

    trăho, ĕre, traxi, tractum - tr. - [st2]1 [-] tirer après soi, tirer de force, traîner, entraîner. [st2]2 [-] entraîner (comme conséquence), amener, causer. [st2]3 [-] entraîner (vers un sentiment, une détermination), pousser, attirer, gagner. [st2]4 [-] faire pencher dans un sens, mettre sur le compte de, imputer, interpréter. [st2]5 [-] tirer en sens divers, tirailler; agiter (le pour et le contre). [st2]6 [-] enlever de force, ravir, voler. [st2]7 [-] tirer à soi, s'attribuer, réclamer; attirer, séduire. [st2]8 [-] tirer, humer, aspirer, absorber, pomper, sucer, boire. [st2]9 [-] prendre en soi, contracter, acquérir par assimilation. [st2]10 [-] tirer de, extraire, faire sortir; tirer (au sort). [st2]11 [-] tirer, dériver, retirer, emprunter, recueillir. [st2]12 [-] retirer (la peau), contracter, plisser, froncer. [st2]13 [-] tirer en long, étendre, allonger, filer, carder (la laine). [st2]14 [-] contracter (une couleur, un goût, une qualité), prendre. [st2]15 [-] traîner en longueur, prolonger, retarder, faire durer, passer (le temps). [st2]16 - intr. - se prolonger, durer, subsister.    - trahere sibi (in se): s'approprier, revendiquer.    - sese quisque praeda locupletem fore, victorem domum rediturum trahebant, Sall. J. 84, 4: chacun retournait dans son esprit l'idée qu'il s'enrichirait par le butin et qu'il rentrerait vainqueur chez soi.    - obsides trahere: livrer des otages.    - spiritum (animam) trahere: respirer.    - ex puteis aquam trahere: tirer de l'eau des puits.    - vultum trahere: froncer les sourcils, se contracter.    - pugnam trahere: prolonger le combat, soutenir longtemps le combat.    - Jugurtha trahere omnia, Sall. J. 36, 2: Jugurtha traînait les choses en longueur.    - alicujus audaciae socios trahere: abandonner les alliés à l'audace de qqn.    - se quieti trahere: s'abandonner au sommeil.
    * * *
    trăho, ĕre, traxi, tractum - tr. - [st2]1 [-] tirer après soi, tirer de force, traîner, entraîner. [st2]2 [-] entraîner (comme conséquence), amener, causer. [st2]3 [-] entraîner (vers un sentiment, une détermination), pousser, attirer, gagner. [st2]4 [-] faire pencher dans un sens, mettre sur le compte de, imputer, interpréter. [st2]5 [-] tirer en sens divers, tirailler; agiter (le pour et le contre). [st2]6 [-] enlever de force, ravir, voler. [st2]7 [-] tirer à soi, s'attribuer, réclamer; attirer, séduire. [st2]8 [-] tirer, humer, aspirer, absorber, pomper, sucer, boire. [st2]9 [-] prendre en soi, contracter, acquérir par assimilation. [st2]10 [-] tirer de, extraire, faire sortir; tirer (au sort). [st2]11 [-] tirer, dériver, retirer, emprunter, recueillir. [st2]12 [-] retirer (la peau), contracter, plisser, froncer. [st2]13 [-] tirer en long, étendre, allonger, filer, carder (la laine). [st2]14 [-] contracter (une couleur, un goût, une qualité), prendre. [st2]15 [-] traîner en longueur, prolonger, retarder, faire durer, passer (le temps). [st2]16 - intr. - se prolonger, durer, subsister.    - trahere sibi (in se): s'approprier, revendiquer.    - sese quisque praeda locupletem fore, victorem domum rediturum trahebant, Sall. J. 84, 4: chacun retournait dans son esprit l'idée qu'il s'enrichirait par le butin et qu'il rentrerait vainqueur chez soi.    - obsides trahere: livrer des otages.    - spiritum (animam) trahere: respirer.    - ex puteis aquam trahere: tirer de l'eau des puits.    - vultum trahere: froncer les sourcils, se contracter.    - pugnam trahere: prolonger le combat, soutenir longtemps le combat.    - Jugurtha trahere omnia, Sall. J. 36, 2: Jugurtha traînait les choses en longueur.    - alicujus audaciae socios trahere: abandonner les alliés à l'audace de qqn.    - se quieti trahere: s'abandonner au sommeil.
    * * *
        Traho, trahis, traxi, tractum, trahere. Virgil. Tirer par force, Attirer, Traire, Attraire.
    \
        Trahere et Sustollere amiculum, contraria. Plaut. Trainer sa robbe.
    \
        Magnes, lapis est qui ferrum ad se allicit et trahit. Cic. Attire, Attrait.
    \
        Trahere aliquid animis. Sallust. Penser et adviser en soymesme.
    \
        Trahere rem aliquam. Sallust. La prolonger.
    \
        Poenam trahere. Seneca, Acerbissima crudelitas est, quae poenam trahit: et misericordiae genus est, cito occidere. Qui prolonge et delaye la peine.
    \
        Spem alicuius trahere. Seneca. Le faire long temps attendre apres ce qu'il espere recevoir de nous.
    \
        Trahere. Virgil. Amener à grand haste.
    \
        Amici partem diei ad se trahunt. Plin. iunior. M'empeschent une partie du jour.
    \
        Ad defectionem trahere. Liu. Induire, Faire revolter.
    \
        Alimentum maternum trahere dicitur agnus. Columel. Sucer, Teter. \ In altitudinem trahere. Plin. Eslever.
    \
        Aluum trahere. Virgil. Avoir grand ventre pendant, Trainer un grand ventre.
    \
        Aluum trahere. Plin. Lascher le ventre, Faire aller à la selle.
    \
        Animam trahere. Plin. Vivre.
    \
        Animam precariam trahere. Tacitus. Vivre soubz la merci ou misericorde d'autruy.
    \
        Animam trahere in spe. Liu. Vivre en esperance.
    \
        Sic animum tempusque traho. Ouid. Ainsi je maintiens tellement quellement mon bon courage, et passe le temps.
    \
        Trahunt diuerse animum curae. Terentius. Tirent en diverses parts, Distrayent.
    \
        Aquam trahit nauigium. Seneca. Tire l'eaue, Fait eaue, Quand l'eaue entre dedens par les fentes ou troux.
    \
        Bellum trahere. Cic. Prolonger.
    \
        Calorem trahere. Ouid. S'eschauffer.
    \
        Candorem trahere. Plin. Devenir blanc.
    \
        Cariem trahere. Plin. Se pourrir et vermolir.
    \
        Cognomen ab aliquo trahere. Plinius. Avoir prins le surnom d'aucun.
    \
        Cognomen ex contumelia trahere. Cic. Estre surnommé et avoir un sobriquet pour quelque faulte qui est en nous.
    \
        Colorem rubicundum trahere. Colum. Devenir rouge, Se rougir.
    \
        Ceruix comaeque trahuntur per terram. Virgil. Sont trainees, etc.
    \
        Secum concionem trahere. Liu. Tirer et mener avec soy.
    \
        Consilium trahere. Sallust. Prendre conseil et advis.
    \
        AEger enim traxi contagia corpore mentis. Ouid. Par la tristesse et ennuy que je porte en l'esprit j'ay prins maladie corporelle, mon corps se porte mal, Par la maladie spirituelle je suis tombé en maladie corporelle.
    \
        Decus alicuius rei ad aliquem trahere. Liu. Luy donner le loz d'avoir faict quelque chose, et le denier à un autre.
    \
        Dictum aliquod trahere in voluntatem suam. Plin. iun. Le tirer et l'entendre selon son vouloir.
    \
        Dictis alicuius trahi. Ouid. Estre induict ou attraict et persuadé par les parolles d'aucun.
    \
        In disceptationem trahere aliquem. Liu. Prendre debat à l'encontre d'aucun, prendre estrif, Le faire estriver.
    \
        In diuersum trahit me haec res. Liu. Me met en doubte.
    \
        Defectio Tarentinorum vtrum priore anno, an hoc facta sit, in diuersum authores trahunt. Liu. Escrivent diversement.
    \
        Errore trahi. Ouid. Errer, Se fourvoyer.
    \
        Figuram lapidis traxerunt ossa. Ouid. Les os furent convertiz et muez en pierre, Transformez en pierre.
    \
        Fortunam tutam trahere. Cic. Vivre en seureté.
    \
        Genua aegra trahens. Virgil. Trainant.
    \
        Gratiam recte factorum sibi trahere. Tacitus. Tirer à soy et s'attribuer.
    \
        Humorem trahere. Columel. Attirer.
    \
        Ignes trahere. Ouid. Concevoir l'amour de quelqu'une, La prendre en amour, S'enamourer ou amouracher.
    \
        Aliquem in inuidiam trahere. Author ad Heren. Le mettre en male grace.
    \
        Labe trahi communis vitii. Ouidius. Suyvre le vice des autres, Estre meschant et vitieux comme les autres.
    \
        Laborem ingratum trahere. Virgil. Faire longuement et tellement quellement, et à grande peine.
    \
        Limitem longiorem trahere. Plinius. Trainer une plus longue queue.
    \
        In longius aliquid trahere. Quintil. Prolonger, Differer, Delayer.
    \
        Mentes artificio trahere. Plin. Attraire, Attirer.
    \
        Trahitur e caelo natura hominis. Plin. Est du ciel, Vient du ciel.
    \
        Noctem per pocula, et vario sermone trahere. Martialis. Virgil. Passer la nuict à boire et à quaqueter de diverses choses.
    \
        Nomen e re aliqua trahere. Plin. Prendre nom, Estre nommé.
    \
        Ille Numantina traxit ab vrbe notam. Ouid. A prins surnom, ou A esté surnommé Numantinus de la ville nommee Numantia.
    \
        Obsidionem in aduentum principis trahere. Liu. Prolonger.
    \
        Odorem trahere. Plin. Flairer et jecter ou rendre odeur.
    \
        Originem a rege trahere. Plin. Estre descendu de lignee royale, Prendre sa source.
    \
        Oscitationes longas trahere. Martial. Baailler fort.
    \
        Pallam trahens verrit humum. Ouid. Trainant.
    \
        Pallorem trahere. Columel. Devenir palle.
    \
        In partes aliquem trahere. Tacit. L'attirer à sa bende et faction, L'attraire à son parti.
    \
        Promissa trahunt puellas. Ouid. Attrayent.
    \
        Rationes belli atque pacis trahere. Sallust. Regarder les moyens, Penser en soymesme et adviser.
    \
        In religionem trahere aliquid. Liu. En faire scrupule.
    \
        Rubiginem trahere. Plin. Prendre rouilleure, S'enrouiller.
    \
        Ruborem traxerunt percussa pectora. Ouid. Devinrent rouges, Rougirent.
    \
        Ruinam trahere. Virgil. Tomber à flac et impetueusement.
    \
        Ad saeuitiam aliquid trahere. Tacit. Le tourner et interpreter à cruaulté, Dire que c'est cruaulté.
    \
        Senium trahere luctu. Claud. Passer et user sa vieillesse en dueil.
    \
        In suam sententiam trahere aliquem. Liu. Tirer à son opinion.
    \
        In serum rem aliquam trahere. Liu. Prolonger et differer.
    \
        Situm trahere. Plin. Se moisir.
    \
        Sortes trahere. Virgil. Tirer hors.
    \
        Spe trahor exigua. Ouid. J'ay quelque peu d'esperance.
    \
        Spiritum trahere. Columel. Avoir et amener son haleine.
    \
        Spolia de hostibus trahere. Cic. Prendre.
    \
        Studio laudis trahi. Cic. Estre attraict par convoitise de louange.
    \
        Suspiria trahere. Ouid. Souspirer.
    \
        Torrens trahit syluas praecipites. Virgil. Entraine.
    \
        Tempus trahere. Virgil. Passer et user ou employer le temps.
    \
        Verba trahere. Sil. Parler avec difficulté, Trainer sa parolle.
    \
        Victoriam secum trahere. Liu. Tourner la victoire de sa part et costé, Trainer la victoire avec soy, Avoir la victoire par tout là où on va.
    \
        Inuitatio benigna vtrosque in vinum traxit. Liu. Feit enyvrer.
    \
        Vitam trahere. Virgil. Vivre en grande peine et difficulté, Vivoter.
    \
        Vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam. Virgil. Je vivoye, etc.
    \
        Vultum trahere. Ouid. Rider et froncer son visage, Se renfrongner.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > traho

  • 2 apprōprĭātĭo

    apprōprĭātĭo (adpōprĭātĭo), ōnis, f. [approprio] appropriation, assimilation.    - appropriatio ciborum, C.-Aur. Tard. 2, 13: assimilation des aliments.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > apprōprĭātĭo

  • 3 adpōprĭātĭo

    apprōprĭātĭo (adpōprĭātĭo), ōnis, f. [approprio] appropriation, assimilation.    - appropriatio ciborum, C.-Aur. Tard. 2, 13: assimilation des aliments.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > adpōprĭātĭo

  • 4 S

    S, s, der achtzehnte Buchstabe des latein. Alphabets, entsprechend dem griech. Σ (σίγμα), aber kurzweg Es genannt. – Im weitesten Umfange ist s mit r verwandt, s. R. – In mehreren Wörtern ist s an die Stelle des älteren t getreten, wie mersare, pulsare für die veralteten mertare, pultare (s. Quint. 1, 4, 14) – In manchen Wörtern vertritt s die Stelle des griech. Spiritus asper, wie ὑπέρ, super, δωρ, sudor u. dgl. – Auch wird s teils am Anfange, teils in der Mitte, teils am Ende der Wörter nicht selten ausgestoßen, z.B. fallo = σφάλλω, tego = στέγω, (st) latus, (st) lacus u.a.; ferner dū (s) mus, dū (s) metum, (st) lis u.a. (umgekehrt γρύτη = scruta). Bes. lassen die Dichter der älteren Sprachperiode das s der Endungen us u. is sehr häufig verschwinden, wenn das nächste Wort mit einem Konsonanten anfängt, z.B. qui est omnibu' princeps u. vita illa dignu' locoque, s. Cic. or. 161. Quint. 9, 4, 38. Max. Victor. 216, 12 sq.: so auch in Inschrn., z.B. L. CORNELIO L. F. statt CORNELIOS, Corp. inscr. Lat. 12. p. 8. – Assimilation erfährt s in dis- vor f, z.B. difficilis, differo. Durch Assimilation entsteht es aus b, d und einigen anderen Buchstaben, zB. iubeo, iussi ( statt iubsi), cedo, cessi ( statt cedsi), premo, pressi (st. premsi), pando, passurn
    ————
    (pandsum, pansum) u. dgl. – Als Abkürzung bezeichnet S den Vornamen Sextus: auf Münzen = semissis: ebenso S. od. Sp. = Spurius: S. C. = senatus consultum: S. P. Q. R. = senatus populusque Romanus: S. D. = salutem dicit.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > S

  • 5 attractio

    attractio, ōnis, f. (attraho), das Ansichziehen, a) eig.: rugarum, die Annahme von Runzeln, Pallad. 5, 4, 3. – b) übtr., litterarum, die Assimilation (wo ein Buchstabe den andern gleichs. an sich zieht), Varr. LL. 5, 6.

    lateinisch-deutsches > attractio

  • 6 F

    F, f, der sechste Buchstabe des röm. Alphabets, ef, genannt, dem Laute nach entsprechend dem griech. Phi (φ), daher bei den Griechen überall durch φ wiedergegeben, wie Φάβιος (Fabius), ποντίφικες (pontifices), φεριρε (ferire). – durch Assimilation entstanden aus b, d, s, x (c) in offero (= obfero), affero (= adfero), differo (= disfero), effero (= exfero od. ecfero) und ähnl. Zusammensetzungen; auch in officina = opificina.

    Als Abkürzung ist F gew. = Filius; aber auch, bes. auf Grabschriften = Fecit (zB. V. F. = vivus fecit), dah. FF. = Fecerunt; ferner = Fidelis od. Felix als Beiname von Legionen (F. F. = Flavia Fidelis). – F. C. = Faciundum Curavit. – F. I. = Fieri Iussit. – FL. = Flavius, Flavia tribu. – FL. P. = Flamen Perpetuus. – FR. od. FRU. = Frumentum, Frumentarius.

    lateinisch-deutsches > F

  • 7 por

    por- (vgl. pro), Präposition, die nur als Präfix bei Verben vorkommt (vgl. por-rigo, por-tendo und mit Assimilation pol-liceor), dar-, hin-, vor-.

    lateinisch-deutsches > por

  • 8 R

    R, r, der siebzehnte Buchstabe des latein. Alphabets (littera R, Donat. Ter. Andr. 3, 4, 18, R littera, Pompon. de orig. iur. § 36 Osann), entsprechend dem griech. Ρ (ῥῶ), jedoch mit Wegfall der Aspiration, daher man in frühester Zeit aus Πύῤῥος Burrus (vgl. Cic. or. 160), aus ἀῤῥαβών arrabo u.a. bildete und erst später mit Einschiebung eines h Pyrrhus, arrhabo usw. schrieb. Vgl. Quint. 1, 5, 19. Im weitesten Umfang ist r mit s verwandt, u. namentlich war in den ältesten Zeiten bei vielen Wörtern s st. r gebräuchlich, zB. Fusius, später Furius; so auch lases st. lares; später noch honor u. honos in gleicher Geltung, lepos gebräuchlicher als lepor, bei Dichtern auch arbos (= arbor), labos (= labor). Eine gleiche Verwandtschaft findet sich mit d, zB. ar alt st. ad (so auch arfuisse = adfuisse), meridies entstanden aus medius dies. Ferner erfährt r sehr häufig eine Assimilation vor l, wie auschließlich in pellicio ( aus per u. lacio) und ist in peiero ganz ausgefallen. – Als Abkürzung ist ist R = Romanus (in S.P.Q.R. = senatus populusque Romanus) u. = Rufus, recte, regnum, reficiendum u.a. – R.R. = rationes relatae (vgl. Fest. 274 [b], 5). – R.P. = res publica.

    lateinisch-deutsches > R

  • 9 assimilo (adsimilo) c. assimulo.

    assimulantĕr, adv. par analogie, par assimilation.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > assimilo (adsimilo) c. assimulo.

  • 10 assimulantĕr

    assimulantĕr, adv. par analogie, par assimilation.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > assimulantĕr

  • 11 assimulātĭo

    assimulātĭo (adsimulātĭo), ōnis, f. [st2]1 [-] similitude, ressemblance. [st2]2 [-] assimilation, comparaison. [st2]3 [-] feinte, détour de langage.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > assimulātĭo

  • 12 adsimulātĭo

    assimulātĭo (adsimulātĭo), ōnis, f. [st2]1 [-] similitude, ressemblance. [st2]2 [-] assimilation, comparaison. [st2]3 [-] feinte, détour de langage.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > adsimulātĭo

  • 13 attractio

    attractio, ōnis, f. (attraho), das Ansichziehen, a) eig.: rugarum, die Annahme von Runzeln, Pallad. 5, 4, 3. – b) übtr., litterarum, die Assimilation (wo ein Buchstabe den andern gleichs. an sich zieht), Varr. LL. 5, 6.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > attractio

  • 14 F

    F, f, der sechste Buchstabe des röm. Alphabets, ef, genannt, dem Laute nach entsprechend dem griech. Phi (φ), daher bei den Griechen überall durch φ wiedergegeben, wie Φάβιος (Fabius), ποντίφικες (pontifices), φεριρε (ferire). – durch Assimilation entstanden aus b, d, s, x (c) in offero (= obfero), affero (= adfero), differo (= disfero), effero (= exfero od. ecfero) und ähnl. Zusammensetzungen; auch in officina = opificina.
    Als Abkürzung ist F gew. = Filius; aber auch, bes. auf Grabschriften = Fecit (zB. V. F. = vivus fecit), dah. FF. = Fecerunt; ferner = Fidelis od. Felix als Beiname von Legionen (F. F. = Flavia Fidelis). – F. C. = Faciundum Curavit. – F. I. = Fieri Iussit. – FL. = Flavius, Flavia tribu. – FL. P. = Flamen Perpetuus. – FR. od. FRU. = Frumentum, Frumentarius.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > F

  • 15 por

    por- (vgl. pro), Präposition, die nur als Präfix bei Verben vorkommt (vgl. por-rigo, por-tendo und mit Assimilation pol-liceor), dar-, hin-, vor-.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > por

  • 16 R

    R, r, der siebzehnte Buchstabe des latein. Alphabets (littera R, Donat. Ter. Andr. 3, 4, 18, R littera, Pompon. de orig. iur. § 36 Osann), entsprechend dem griech. Ρ (ῥῶ), jedoch mit Wegfall der Aspiration, daher man in frühester Zeit aus Πύῤῥος Burrus (vgl. Cic. or. 160), aus ἀῤῥαβών arrabo u.a. bildete und erst später mit Einschiebung eines h Pyrrhus, arrhabo usw. schrieb. Vgl. Quint. 1, 5, 19. Im weitesten Umfang ist r mit s verwandt, u. namentlich war in den ältesten Zeiten bei vielen Wörtern s st. r gebräuchlich, zB. Fusius, später Furius; so auch lases st. lares; später noch honor u. honos in gleicher Geltung, lepos gebräuchlicher als lepor, bei Dichtern auch arbos (= arbor), labos (= labor). Eine gleiche Verwandtschaft findet sich mit d, zB. ar alt st. ad (so auch arfuisse = adfuisse), meridies entstanden aus medius dies. Ferner erfährt r sehr häufig eine Assimilation vor l, wie auschließlich in pellicio ( aus per u. lacio) und ist in peiero ganz ausgefallen. – Als Abkürzung ist ist R = Romanus (in S.P.Q.R. = senatus populusque Romanus) u. = Rufus, recte, regnum, reficiendum u.a. – R.R. = rationes relatae (vgl. Fest. 274 [b], 5). – R.P. = res publica.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > R

  • 17 T

    T, t, der neunzehnte Buchstabe des latein. Alphabets, entsprechend dem griech. Τ (ταῦ), aber kurzweg Te genannt. – Verwandt ist und wechselt t mit b, zB. libra entstanden aus λίτρα: ferner t mit p, zB. pavus od. pavo aus ταώς, studium aus σπουδή: t mit c, zB. ecquis st. etquis: so auch mit d, mit l, r u. s, s. diese Buchstaben. – Assimiliert wird es in quatio, quassi, quassum; fateor, fassum; mitto, missum; nach der gewöhnlichen Ansicht auch in parricida, mit Synkope st. patricida. Durch Assimilation entstanden in cette st. cedite. – Als Abkürzung bezeichnet T. den Vornamen Titus, Ti. den Vornamen Tiberius.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > T

  • 18 D

    D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).
    II.
    As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.
    III.
    The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—
    1.
    An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—
    2.
    An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—
    3.
    An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—
    4.
    An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —
    5.
    A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.
    IV.
    In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).
    2.
    D final was also anciently found—
    a.
    In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —
    b.
    In the imperative mood;

    as estod,

    Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—
    c.
    In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).
    V.
    As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.
    ► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > D

  • 19 d

    D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).
    II.
    As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.
    III.
    The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—
    1.
    An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—
    2.
    An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—
    3.
    An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—
    4.
    An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —
    5.
    A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.
    IV.
    In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).
    2.
    D final was also anciently found—
    a.
    In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —
    b.
    In the imperative mood;

    as estod,

    Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—
    c.
    In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).
    V.
    As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.
    ► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > d

  • 20 Faunus

    Faunus, i, m. [faveo], a mythic son of Picus, grandson of Saturn, and father of Latinus, king of Latium; he instituted tillage and grazing, and after death was the protecting deity of agriculture and of shepherds, and also a giver of oracles; after the introduction of the worship of Pan into Italy, he was identified with Pan, and accordingly represented, like the latter, with horns and goats' feet, Lact. 1, 24; Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; Verg. A. 7, 48; 81; Ov. F. 2, 193; 3, 312 sq.; Prop. 4 (5), 2, 34; id. H. 5, 138; Hor. C. 1, 4, 11; 1, 17, 2; 3, 18, 1 et saep. On account of the assimilation of Faunus to Pan, the appellation Fauni was also used for Panes, sylvan deities, Lucr. 4, 581; Ov. M. 6, 392; 1, 193; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 4; id. A. P. 244; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 ed. Vahl.); Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6; id. Div. 1, 45, 101.—
    II.
    Derivv.
    A.
    Faunĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Faunus: versus, Victorinn. p. 2586 P.—
    B.
    ‡ Faunālĭa, ium, n., the festival celebrated on the nones of December, in honor of Faunus, acc. to Porphyr. and Acro, Hor. C. 3, 18, 1 and 10.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Faunus

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