as-sŏlĕo

ex-pendo, di, sum, 3, v. a., to weigh out, weigh.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 34:

ut jam expendantur, non numerentur pecuniae,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 97:

bacam, nucem,

Cels. 5, 19, 12.—With abl. of that against which any thing is weighed:

hunc hominem decet auro expendi,

i. e. is worth his weight in gold, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1.— Poet.:

ibat et expenso planta morata gradu,

measured, Prop. 2, 4, 6 (16).—

In partic., to weigh out money in payment, to pay out, pay; to lay out, expend (class.;

syn.: pendo, impendo, pondero, solvo, luo): ante pedes praetoris in foro expensum est auri pondo centum,

Cic. Fl. 28, 68:

nummos nominibus certis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105:

usuras gravissimas,

Dig. 19, 1, 47:

viginti milia talenta in hos sumptus,

Just. 12, 11.—With abl.:

aurum auro expendetur, argentum argento exaequabitur,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 43. —

In the part. perf. as a neutr. subst.: expensum, i, money paid, a payment:

bene igitur ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,

of debt and credit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 146; id. Truc. 1, 1, 54:

in codicem expensum et receptum referre,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 3:

probari debere pecuniam datam consuetis modis, expensi latione, mensae rationibus, chirographi exhibitione, etc.,

Gell. 14, 2, 7.—Esp. freq.: ferre alicui expensum or pecuniam expensam, to set down, enter, charge, reckon, account a sum as paid (opp. accipio):

quod minus Dolabella Verri acceptum retulit quam Verres illi expensum tulerit... quid proderat tibi te expensum illis non tulisse?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, §§

100 and 102: haec pecunia necesse est aut data aut expensa lata aut stipulata sit,

id. Rosc. Com. 5, 14: pecunias ferre (opp. acceptas referre), Auct. B. Alex. 56, 3: homines prope quadringentos produxisse dicitur, quibus sine fenore pecunias expensas tulisset, had set down, i. e. lent, Liv. 5, 20, 6.—Rarely transf., of other things: legio, quam expensam tulit C. Caesari Pompeius, i. e. transferred, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4; for which also: expenso ferre vestem supellectilis nomine, Dig. 33, 10, 19.

Trop.

(Acc. to I. A.) To weigh mentally, to ponder, estimate, consider, judge, decide (class.):

equidem cum colligo argumenta causarum, non tam ea numerare soleo quam expendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 76 fin.; cf.:

in dissensione civili... expendendos cives non numerandos puto,

id. Rep. 6, 1:

omnia expendet ac seliget,

id. Or. 15, 47:

vos in privatis minimarum rerum judiciis testem diligenter expenditis,

id. Fl. 5, 12:

singula animo suo,

Ov. Am. 3, 5, 34:

haec arte aliqua,

Cic. Brut. 50, 186; cf.:

verba arte,

Tac. A. 13, 3:

omnes casus,

Verg. A. 12, 21:

belli consilia,

Tac. H. 1, 87:

causam meritis,

to decide, Ov. M. 13, 150 et saep.:

quae contemplantes expendere oportebit, quid quisque habeat sui,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:

Hannibalem,

Juv. 10, 147:

quid conveniat nobis,

id. 10, 347.—

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay a penalty, suffer a punishment ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): poenas Jovi expendisse (shortly after, in prose, poenas pendens), Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; cf.:

infanda per orbem Supplicia et scelerum poenas expendimus omnes,

Verg. A. 11, 258:

dignas poenas pro talibus ausis,

Sil. 13, 698:

poenas capite,

Tac. A. 12, 19:

dura supplicia,

Sil. 6, 588.—Hence, to pay for, expiate:

scelus,

Verg. A. 2, 229:

dignum pretium Poeno,

Sil. 7, 713.—

(Cf. I. B. 2.) Ipsam facilitati suae expensum ferre debere, i. e. have to ascribe to, Dig. 36, 4, 3:

creditores suae negligentiae expensum ferre debeant,

ib. 42, 8, 24.—

* expense, adv., largely, very much (late Lat.), Theod. Prisc. de Diaeta, 13.

ex-plĕo, ēvi, ētum, 2 (archaic form explenunt, for explent, acc. to Fest. p. 80; cf.: solinunt, nequinunt, danunt, for solent, nequeunt, dant; v. do, redeo and soleo init.; inf. praes. explerier, Lucr. 6, 21.—

Contracted form expleris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205; Verg. A. 7, 766. explessent, Liv. 23, 22, 1; 37, 47, 7; inf. explesse, Verg. A. 2, 586 al.), v. a. [PLEO, whence plenus, compleo, suppleo].

To fill up, fill full, fill (class.).

Lit.:

fossam aggere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 79 fin.:

fossas,

id. ib. 82, 3; Dig. 39, 3, 24; cf.:

paludem cratibus atque aggere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58, 1:

neque inferciens verba, quasi rimas expleat,

Cic. Or. 69, 231:

vulnera,

Plin. 35, 6, 21, § 38:

cicatrices,

id. 36, 21, 42, § 156:

alopecias,

id. 34, 18, 55, § 177:

bovem strictis frondibus,

i. e. to give him his fill, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 28:

se,

to fill, cram one's self, Plaut. Curc. 3, 16; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; cf.:

edim atque ambabus malis expletis vorem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 74:

ut milites contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 3:

locum (cohortes),

i. e. to occupy completely, id. ib. 1, 45, 4:

explevi totas ceras quattuor,

have filled, written full, Plaut. Curc. 3, 40:

deum bonis omnibus explere mundum,

Cic. Univ. 3:

expleti (voce) oris janua raditur,

filled up, Lucr. 4, 532, v. Lachm. ad h. l.:

aliquem numerum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 4 fin.:

numerum,

Liv. 5, 10, 10; 24, 11, 4; Verg. A. 6, 545:

centurias,

to have the full number of votes, Liv. 37, 47, 7:

tribus,

id. 3, 64, 8:

justam muri altitudinem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4:

His rebus celeriter id, quod Avarici deperierat, expletur,

is filled up, made good, id. ib. 7, 31, 4; Liv. 23, 22, 1:

sic explevit, quod utrique defuit,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154.—

Trop.

In gen., to fill up, complete, finish:

id autem ejusmodi est, ut additum ad virtutem auctoritatem videatur habiturum et expleturum cumulate vitam beatam,

make quite complete, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 42; cf.

damnationem,

id. Caecin. 10, 29:

partem relictam,

id. Off. 3, 7, 34: damna, Liv. 3, 68, 3; cf. id. 30, 5, 5:

explet concluditque sententias,

Cic. Or. 69, 230; cf.:

sententias mollioribus numeris,

id. ib. 13, 40:

animum gaudio,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 2.—

In partic.

To satisfy, sate, glut, appease a longing, or one who longs (the fig. being that of filling or stuffing with food):

quas (litteras Graecas) sic avide arripui quasi diuturnam sitim explere cupiens,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

famem,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 5; cf.:

jejunam cupidinem,

Lucr. 4, 876: libidines (with satiare), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 424, 30 (Rep. 6, 1); cf.:

explere cupiditates, satiare odium,

id. Part. Or. 27, 96:

libidinem,

id. Cael. 20, 49:

odium factis dictisque,

Liv. 4, 32, 12; Tac. A. 15, 52:

desiderium,

Liv. 1, 9, 15:

iram,

id. 7, 30, 15; cf.:

omnem exspectationem diuturni desiderii nostri,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205:

avaritiam pecuniā,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 150; Tac. H. 2, 13:

spem omnium,

Just. 22, 8; Liv. 35, 44, 4; Suet. Aug. 75 fin. et saep.:

me,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 67; cf.:

non enim vereor, ne non scribendo te expleam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

se caede diu optata,

Liv. 31, 24, 11:

tantum regem (divitiis),

Just. 9, 2:

aliquem muneribus,

Sall. J. 13, 6; 20, 1; Cic. Phil. 2, 20, 50:

omnis suos divitiis,

Sall. C. 51, 34:

animum suum (amore),

Ter. And. 1, 2, 17:

animum gaudio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. Hec. 5, 1, 28; 5, 2, 19:

corda tuendo,

Verg. A. 8, 265; cf.:

expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo Phoenissa,

id. ib. 1, 713:

expletur lacrimis dolor,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 38: alicujus crudelitatem sanguine, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 225.— And reflex.:

ut eorum agris expleti atque saturati cum hoc cumulo quaestus decederent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42 fin. — Poet.:

aliquem alicujus rei (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 463, and v. impleo): animumque explesse juvabit ultricis flammae,

to have sated the mind with the fire of revenge, Verg. A. 2, 586.—

To fulfil, discharge, execute, perform a duty:

amicitiae munus,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

susceptum rei publicae munus,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

excusatione officium scribendi,

id. Fam. 16, 25:

mandatum,

Dig. 17, 1, 27.—

Of time, to complete, finish, bring to a close:

tum signis omnibus ad idem principium stellisque revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22 fin.:

fatales annos,

Tib. 1, 3, 53:

quosdam in Aetolia ducentos annos explere,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 154:

explebat annum trigesimum,

Tac. H. 1, 48.

( Ex in privative signif.; v. ex, III. A.). To unload: navibus explebant sese terrasque replebant, i. e. disembarked, exonerabant se, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 545 (Ann. v. 310 ed. Vahl.).—Hence, ex-plētus, a, um, P. a., full, complete, perfect:

quod undique perfectum expletumque sit omnibus suis numeris ac partibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 37:

undique expleta et perfecta forma honestatis,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 48:

ea, quae natura desiderat, expleta cumulataque habere,

id. Off. 2, 5, 18:

expletum omnibus suis partibus,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32:

vita animi corporisque expleta virtutibus,

id. ib. 5, 13, 37:

expleta rerum comprehensio,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 21.— Absol.:

parum expleta desiderant,

Quint. 9, 4, 116.

frūgālĭtas, tātis, f. [frugalis, II.], economy, temperance, thriftiness, frugality; and in gen., worth, virtue (the Gr. sôphrosunê; class.).

Prop.:

omnes in illo sunt rege virtutes, sed praecipue singularis et admiranda frugalitas... ego frugalitatem, id est modestiam et temperantiam, virtutem maximam judico,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 26: vitae genus cum luxu aut cum frugalitate, Cels. praef. med.; cf.:

ex contrariis: frugalitas bonum, luxuria enim malum,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

quod cessat ex reditu, frugalitate suppletur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 3:

bona valetudo, quaeque eam maxime praestat frugalitas,

Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 3, 19; 12, 1, 8; Petr. 115:

frugalitas autem paupertas voluntaria est,

Sen. Ep. 17, 5:

luxurioso frugalitas poena est,

id. ib. 71, 23; id. Tranq. An. 1, 9.—Of speech:

quadam eloquentiae frugalitate contentos,

measure, Quint. 12, 10, 21.—

Transf., in concr. for fruges, fruits of the earth, App. M. 9, p. 233, 29.—

In a gen. sense, worth, virtue: temperans, quem Graeci sôphrona appellant, eamque virtutem sôphrosunên vocant, quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam:

sed haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, etc.... reliquas etiam virtutes frugalitas continet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, 36; Quint. 1, 6, 17; 29.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

illăcrĭmo ( inl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., and illăcrĭmor ( inl-), ātus, 1, v. dep. [in-lacrimo], to weep at or over a thing, to bewail, lament (not freq. till after the Aug. period).

Lit.

With dat.:

quid dicam de Socrate? cujus morti illacrimari soleo Platonem legens?

Cic. N. D. 3, 33, 82: perge, aude, nate;

illacrima patris pestibus, id. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 21: casu (i. e. casui),

Nep. Alc. 6, 4: qui meo infelici errori unus illacrimasti, Liv. 40, 56, 6; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 6; Suet. Vesp. 15.—

With acc.:

ejusque mortem illacrimatum Alexandrum,

Just. 11, 12, 6.—

With quod, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 13. —

Absol.;

qui (Milo) aspexisse lacertos suos dicitur illacrimansque dixisse, etc.,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 27; Suet. Aug. 66:

sparge, et si paulum potes, illacrimare,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 103:

illacrimasse dicitur gaudio,

Liv. 25, 24, 11; Cels. 2, 6, 6.—

Poet. transf., of things, to weep, i. e. to drip, drop, distil:

et maestum illacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant,

Verg. G. 1, 480; Col. poët. 10, 25; cf.:

oculi lumen refugiunt et illacrimant,

Cels. 2, 6, 6.

illăcrĭmo ( inl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., and illăcrĭmor ( inl-), ātus, 1, v. dep. [in-lacrimo], to weep at or over a thing, to bewail, lament (not freq. till after the Aug. period).

Lit.

With dat.:

quid dicam de Socrate? cujus morti illacrimari soleo Platonem legens?

Cic. N. D. 3, 33, 82: perge, aude, nate;

illacrima patris pestibus, id. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 21: casu (i. e. casui),

Nep. Alc. 6, 4: qui meo infelici errori unus illacrimasti, Liv. 40, 56, 6; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 6; Suet. Vesp. 15.—

With acc.:

ejusque mortem illacrimatum Alexandrum,

Just. 11, 12, 6.—

With quod, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 13. —

Absol.;

qui (Milo) aspexisse lacertos suos dicitur illacrimansque dixisse, etc.,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 27; Suet. Aug. 66:

sparge, et si paulum potes, illacrimare,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 103:

illacrimasse dicitur gaudio,

Liv. 25, 24, 11; Cels. 2, 6, 6.—

Poet. transf., of things, to weep, i. e. to drip, drop, distil:

et maestum illacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant,

Verg. G. 1, 480; Col. poët. 10, 25; cf.:

oculi lumen refugiunt et illacrimant,

Cels. 2, 6, 6.

illăcrĭmo ( inl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., and illăcrĭmor ( inl-), ātus, 1, v. dep. [in-lacrimo], to weep at or over a thing, to bewail, lament (not freq. till after the Aug. period).

Lit.

With dat.:

quid dicam de Socrate? cujus morti illacrimari soleo Platonem legens?

Cic. N. D. 3, 33, 82: perge, aude, nate;

illacrima patris pestibus, id. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 21: casu (i. e. casui),

Nep. Alc. 6, 4: qui meo infelici errori unus illacrimasti, Liv. 40, 56, 6; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 6; Suet. Vesp. 15.—

With acc.:

ejusque mortem illacrimatum Alexandrum,

Just. 11, 12, 6.—

With quod, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 13. —

Absol.;

qui (Milo) aspexisse lacertos suos dicitur illacrimansque dixisse, etc.,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 27; Suet. Aug. 66:

sparge, et si paulum potes, illacrimare,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 103:

illacrimasse dicitur gaudio,

Liv. 25, 24, 11; Cels. 2, 6, 6.—

Poet. transf., of things, to weep, i. e. to drip, drop, distil:

et maestum illacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant,

Verg. G. 1, 480; Col. poët. 10, 25; cf.:

oculi lumen refugiunt et illacrimant,

Cels. 2, 6, 6.

illăcrĭmo ( inl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., and illăcrĭmor ( inl-), ātus, 1, v. dep. [in-lacrimo], to weep at or over a thing, to bewail, lament (not freq. till after the Aug. period).

Lit.

With dat.:

quid dicam de Socrate? cujus morti illacrimari soleo Platonem legens?

Cic. N. D. 3, 33, 82: perge, aude, nate;

illacrima patris pestibus, id. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 21: casu (i. e. casui),

Nep. Alc. 6, 4: qui meo infelici errori unus illacrimasti, Liv. 40, 56, 6; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 6; Suet. Vesp. 15.—

With acc.:

ejusque mortem illacrimatum Alexandrum,

Just. 11, 12, 6.—

With quod, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 13. —

Absol.;

qui (Milo) aspexisse lacertos suos dicitur illacrimansque dixisse, etc.,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 27; Suet. Aug. 66:

sparge, et si paulum potes, illacrimare,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 103:

illacrimasse dicitur gaudio,

Liv. 25, 24, 11; Cels. 2, 6, 6.—

Poet. transf., of things, to weep, i. e. to drip, drop, distil:

et maestum illacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant,

Verg. G. 1, 480; Col. poët. 10, 25; cf.:

oculi lumen refugiunt et illacrimant,

Cels. 2, 6, 6.

in-sŏlens, ntis, adj. [2. in-soleo].

In gen., i. q. insuetus, contrary to custom, unaccustomed to a thing; unusual, not in use (class.); constr. absol., or with gen.:

quid tu Athenas insolens?

Ter. And. 5, 4, 4:

mutatos deos flebit et aspera aequora emirabitur insolens (= antea insuetus tam celeris immutationis),

Hor. C. 1, 5, 8:

verbum, i. q. insuetum, insolitum,

Cic. Or. 8, 25; Quint. 4, 1, 58; Gell. 11, 7, 1; cf. in sup.: insolentissimum nomen, Quint. prooem. § 14.—With gen.:

infamiae,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 3; id. de Or. 1, 48, 207:

belli,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36:

bellorum,

Tac. H. 1, 87:

audiendi,

id. A. 15, 67:

vera accipiendi,

Sall. H. 4, 48 Dietsch:

ruris colendi,

Gell. 19, 12, 7:

malarum artium,

Sall. C. 3, 4 al. —

In partic.

Excessive, immoderate; haughty, arrogant, insolent:

insolenti alacritate gestire,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 42:

ostentatio,

id. Par. 6, 1, 42:

victoria,

id. Marc. 3, 9:

laetitia,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 3:

exercitus,

id. ib. 1, 6, 21:

nec erat ei verendum, ne vera de se praedicans, nimis videretur aut insolens, aut loquax,

Cic. de Sen. 10, 31:

ne in re nota multus et insolens sim,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 358:

non tam insolens sum, quam ineruditus,

id. Dom. 34, 92:

nihil umquam neque insolens, neque gloriosum ex ore ejus exiit,

Nep. Tim. 4:

Fortuna ludum insolentem ludere pertinax,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 50.— Comp.:

secundis rebus insolentiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 13.— Sup.: insolentissimi homines, Cael. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3.—

Extravagant, prodigal:

in aliena re,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

in pecunia,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 342.—

Unfrequented, lonely:

locus,

Pall. 12, 4, 2.— Hence, adv.: insŏlenter.

Unusually, contrary to custom (class.):

evenire insolenter et raro,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

verbum fingere,

Gell. 1, 21, 5.— Comp.:

insolentius hac figura uti,

Gell. 10, 13, 4.—

Immoderately; haughtily, insolently:

Gorgias his festivitatibus insolentius abutitur,

Cic. Or. 52, 176:

auctorem extinctum laete atque insolenter ferre,

with insolent exultation, id. Phil. 9, 3, 7:

victoriā suā insolenter gloriari,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14:

se efferre,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:

a sorore irrisa,

Flor. 1, 26:

dictum,

Quint. 1, 5, 9:

hostis insequens,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.— Comp.:

se insolentius jactare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20; Caes. B. C. 3, 46. — Sup.:

insolentissime obequitare,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 21.

in-sŏlens, ntis, adj. [2. in-soleo].

In gen., i. q. insuetus, contrary to custom, unaccustomed to a thing; unusual, not in use (class.); constr. absol., or with gen.:

quid tu Athenas insolens?

Ter. And. 5, 4, 4:

mutatos deos flebit et aspera aequora emirabitur insolens (= antea insuetus tam celeris immutationis),

Hor. C. 1, 5, 8:

verbum, i. q. insuetum, insolitum,

Cic. Or. 8, 25; Quint. 4, 1, 58; Gell. 11, 7, 1; cf. in sup.: insolentissimum nomen, Quint. prooem. § 14.—With gen.:

infamiae,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 3; id. de Or. 1, 48, 207:

belli,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36:

bellorum,

Tac. H. 1, 87:

audiendi,

id. A. 15, 67:

vera accipiendi,

Sall. H. 4, 48 Dietsch:

ruris colendi,

Gell. 19, 12, 7:

malarum artium,

Sall. C. 3, 4 al. —

In partic.

Excessive, immoderate; haughty, arrogant, insolent:

insolenti alacritate gestire,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 42:

ostentatio,

id. Par. 6, 1, 42:

victoria,

id. Marc. 3, 9:

laetitia,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 3:

exercitus,

id. ib. 1, 6, 21:

nec erat ei verendum, ne vera de se praedicans, nimis videretur aut insolens, aut loquax,

Cic. de Sen. 10, 31:

ne in re nota multus et insolens sim,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 358:

non tam insolens sum, quam ineruditus,

id. Dom. 34, 92:

nihil umquam neque insolens, neque gloriosum ex ore ejus exiit,

Nep. Tim. 4:

Fortuna ludum insolentem ludere pertinax,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 50.— Comp.:

secundis rebus insolentiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 13.— Sup.: insolentissimi homines, Cael. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3.—

Extravagant, prodigal:

in aliena re,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

in pecunia,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 342.—

Unfrequented, lonely:

locus,

Pall. 12, 4, 2.— Hence, adv.: insŏlenter.

Unusually, contrary to custom (class.):

evenire insolenter et raro,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

verbum fingere,

Gell. 1, 21, 5.— Comp.:

insolentius hac figura uti,

Gell. 10, 13, 4.—

Immoderately; haughtily, insolently:

Gorgias his festivitatibus insolentius abutitur,

Cic. Or. 52, 176:

auctorem extinctum laete atque insolenter ferre,

with insolent exultation, id. Phil. 9, 3, 7:

victoriā suā insolenter gloriari,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14:

se efferre,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:

a sorore irrisa,

Flor. 1, 26:

dictum,

Quint. 1, 5, 9:

hostis insequens,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.— Comp.:

se insolentius jactare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20; Caes. B. C. 3, 46. — Sup.:

insolentissime obequitare,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 21.

invŏcātus, a, um, Part., from invoco.

invŏcātus, a, um, adj. [2. in-voco].

Uncalled (class.):

imagines rerum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108:

ego ad subsellia rei occurro,

id. Fam. 8, 8, 1.—

Uninvited:

invocatus soleo esse in convivio,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 2:

ut mihi... invocato sit locus semper,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 29:

cotidie sic ei cena coquebatur, ut quos invocatos vidisset in foro, omnes devocaret,

Nep. Cim. 4, 3; Vitr. 6, 8.

in-vŏcātus, ūs, m. (only in abl. sing.), a non-summoning: si injussu atque invocatu meo (verba) venerint, without my summons, Fronto ad Verum, ep. 1.

mŏdestĭa, ae, f. [modestus], moderateness, moderation; esp. in one's behavior, unassuming conduct, modesty (opp. immodestia, superbia, licentia; class.).

In gen.: eam virtutem Graeci sôphrosunên vocant:

quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16; cf.:

modestia est in animo continens moderatio cupiditatum,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 3:

rectum dividitur in prudentiam, justitiam, fortitudinem, modestiam,

id. ib.:

disserebat de suā modestiā,

want of confidence in himself, Tac. A. 1, 11 init. —

In partic.

Unassuming conduct, discretion, moderation, sobriety of behavior (the predom. signif. of the word):

sarta tecta tua precepta usque habui mea modestia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 36:

sine modo et modestia,

id. Bacch. 4, 3, 2:

temperantiae partes sunt continentia, clementia, modestia,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 164; cf.:

modestia est, per quam pudor honestus claram et stabilem comparat auctoritatem,

id. ib.:

non minus se in milite modestiam et continentiam, quam virtutem et animi magnitudinem desiderare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52:

in dicendo,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

modestia et humanitas,

id. Att. 7, 5, 2:

neque modum, neque modestiam victores habent,

Sall. C. 11, 4.—

Shame, shamefacedness, modesty:

et sententiarum et compositionis et vocis et vultūs modestia,

Quint. 4, 1, 55: virginalis, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66; cf.:

primaeque modestia culpae Confundit vultus,

Stat. Th. 2, 232; poet.: vacui lecti, i. e. (chaste) celibacy, id. Silv. 1, 2, 162.—

Sense of honor, honor, dignity:

neque sumptui, neque modestiae suae parcere,

Sall. C. 14, 6.—

As a transl. of the Gr. eutaxia, in the lang. of the Stoics, the quality of saying and doing everything in the proper place and at the proper time, correctness of conduct, propriety: sic fit, ut modestia haec, quam ita interpretamur, ut dixi, scientia sit opportunitatis idoneo rum ad agendum temporum, Cic. Off. 1, 40, 142 (v. the entire context).—

(Post-Aug)

Of the weather, mildness:

hiemis,

Tac. A. 12, 43 (cf.:

clementia hiemis,

Col. 5, 5, 6).—

Of the course of a stream, gentleness:

aquarum modestia,

gentle course, Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 71.

nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].

Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—

To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.

Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

id. Mil. 29, 78:

vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

Verg. G. 3, 561;

so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—

In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —

With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),

In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.

With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

ah, ne saevi tantopere,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

Verg. A. 6, 832.—

With subj.:

ne me moveatis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

Hor. A. P. 406.—

In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

ne vivam, si scio,

may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—

In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).

In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

ego enim, etc.,

there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

id. Sen. 11, 34:

ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—

In restrictive clauses:

sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—

In clauses which denote a purpose or result.

Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—

Ut... ne separated:

quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—

Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.

In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.

In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—

After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

metuebat ne indicarent,

Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

id. Mur. 41, 88:

hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 715:

terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

Liv. 24, 42 —

When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

timeo ne non impetrem,

id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—

With the negative before the verb:

non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—

After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]

- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.

In direct interrogations, with indic.:

meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

tune id veritus es?

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

Verg. A. 4, 538:

tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

valuistin?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

pergin autem?

id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

vin commutemus?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —

Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

so quin for quine,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—

In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

videto vasa, multane sient,

Cato, R. R. 1:

quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—

Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

illa rogare: Quantane?

id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—

-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

misine ego ad te epistulam?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

Rarely = num:

potestne virtus servire?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

potesne dicere?

id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—

With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.

nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).

In gen.:

ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

ne iste,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—

Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

ne tu hercle,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

edepol ne ego,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

edepol ne tu,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

ne ista edepol,

id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

ne istuc mecastor,

id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

ne ille, medius fidius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

medius fidius ne tu,

id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].

Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—

To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.

Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

id. Mil. 29, 78:

vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

Verg. G. 3, 561;

so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—

In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —

With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),

In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.

With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

ah, ne saevi tantopere,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

Verg. A. 6, 832.—

With subj.:

ne me moveatis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

Hor. A. P. 406.—

In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

ne vivam, si scio,

may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—

In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).

In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

ego enim, etc.,

there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

id. Sen. 11, 34:

ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—

In restrictive clauses:

sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—

In clauses which denote a purpose or result.

Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—

Ut... ne separated:

quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—

Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.

In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.

In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—

After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

metuebat ne indicarent,

Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

id. Mur. 41, 88:

hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 715:

terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

Liv. 24, 42 —

When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

timeo ne non impetrem,

id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—

With the negative before the verb:

non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—

After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]

- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.

In direct interrogations, with indic.:

meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

tune id veritus es?

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

Verg. A. 4, 538:

tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

valuistin?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

pergin autem?

id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

vin commutemus?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —

Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

so quin for quine,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—

In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

videto vasa, multane sient,

Cato, R. R. 1:

quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—

Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

illa rogare: Quantane?

id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—

-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

misine ego ad te epistulam?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

Rarely = num:

potestne virtus servire?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

potesne dicere?

id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—

With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.

nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).

In gen.:

ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

ne iste,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—

Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

ne tu hercle,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

edepol ne ego,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

edepol ne tu,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

ne ista edepol,

id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

ne istuc mecastor,

id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

ne ille, medius fidius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

medius fidius ne tu,

id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

ōtĭum, ĭi, n.

In gen., leisure, vacant time, freedom from business (class.; opp. negotium; cf.: immunitas, vacatio): otio qui nescit uti plus negoti habet, Quam, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 252 Vahl.): fecero;

quamquam haut otium est,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 36:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

in otio de negotiis cogitare,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 1:

otium inertissimum et desidiosissimum,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

In partic.

Ease, inactivity, idle life (cf.:

ignavia, desidia, inertia): vitam in otio agere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 9:

hebescere et languescere in otio,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

propter desidiam in otio vivere,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 103:

otio tabescere,

id. Att. 2, 14, 1:

languere otio,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

otium segne trahere,

Tac. H. 4, 70:

magna otia caeli,

Juv. 6, 394:

otium sine litteris mors est,

Sen. Ep. 82, 2:

ducere otia segnia,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 44:

exercere otia molli cura,

Sil. 15, 707. —

Leisure, time for any thing;

esp. for literary occupation: otium moderatum atque honestum,

Cic. Brut. 2, 8: ad scribendum, id. Or. 1, 1, 3:

otium consumere in historiā scribendā,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 57:

otium litteratum,

id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105:

Tusculani requies atque otium,

id. de Or. 1, 52, 224:

studiosum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 11:

abundare otio et studio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 6, 22:

otium rei si sit,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165:

otium habere ad potandum,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 5, 3:

auscultandi,

time to hear, id. Ad. 3, 65:

horum libros delectationi causa, cum est otium, legere soleo,

when I have time, Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 59:

si modo tibi est otium,

if you have time, id. Part. Or. 1, 1:

otium studio suppeditare,

to devote time to study, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1:

cum in otium venerimus,

Cic. Att. 1, 7:

me alebat Parthenope studiis florentem ignobilis oti,

i. e. unwarlike, peaceful leisure, Verg. G. 4, 564.—

The fruit of leisure:

otia nostra,

i. e. my poems, Ov. Tr. 2, 224.—

Rest, repose, quiet, peace (opp. bellum), Ter. Ad. prol. 20:

pax, tranquillitas, otium,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

mollia peragebant otia,

enjoyed calm repose, Ov. M. 1, 100:

multitudo insolens belli diuturnitate otii,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36:

res ad otium deducere,

id. ib. 1, 5:

valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5:

ex maximo bello tantum otium toti insulae conciliavit,

Nep. Tim. 3, 2:

studia per otium concelebrata,

in times of peace, Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

ab hoste otium fuit,

Liv. 3, 32:

ab seditionibus urbanis,

id. 3, 35:

otium bello (rogare),

Hor. C. 2, 16, 5; 4, 15, 18:

quies aëris et otium et tranquillitas,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 8:

operis otium,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 25.—

Adverb.

Abl. otio, at leisure, leisurely:

quam libet lambe otio,

Phaedr. 1, 24, 6.—

Per otium, at leisure:

spolia legere,

Liv. 27, 2.

pingo, pinxi, pictum, 3, v. a., to represent pictorially with the pencil or needle, to paint, embroider (cf.: depingo, delineo, adumbro).

Lit.:

quas (comas) Dione Pingitur sustinuisse manu,

is represented in painting, Ov. Am. 1, 14, 34; Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

tabulas,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

tabula picta,

a painting, picture, id. Brut. 75:

pingere hominis speciem,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 69:

Helenae simulacrum,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

Nero princeps jusserat colosseum se pingi,

Plin. 35, 7, 33, § 51.—Prov.:

quae dicunt ii, qui numquam philosophum pictum, ut dicitur, viderunt, of those who speak of things they know nothing about,

Cic. Fin. 5, 27, 80.— Of embroidering (with or without acu):

textile stragulum, magnificis operibus pictum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

pingere acu,

Ov. M. 6, 23:

picti reges,

in embroidered garments, Mart. 10, 72, 7:

picti tori,

with embroidered coverlets, Ov. H. 12, 30:

toga,

the embroidered toga worn by a triumphing commander, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 40:

tapetes,

Vulg. Prov. 7, 16.— Pass. in mid. force:

pingi,

to paint the face, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 11.—

Transf.

To paint, stain, color with any thing (mostly poet.):

palloribus omnia pingunt,

Lucr. 4, 311; 2, 375:

sanguineis frontem moris et tempora pingit,

Verg. E. 6, 22; 2, 50; Mart. 14, 5, 2:

multas facies,

Juv. 9, 146:

oculos,

id. 2, 94; so,

oculos stibio,

Vulg. Jer. 4, 30. —Esp., to tattoo:

Agathyrsi ora artusque pingunt iisdem omnes notis, et sic ut ablui nequeunt,

Mel. 2, 1, 10:

membraque qui ferro gaudet pinxisse Gelonus,

Claud. in Ruf. 1, 313.—

To adorn, decorate, embellish:

herbas floribus,

Lucr. 5, 1396:

bibliothecam aliquā re,

Cic. Att. 4, 5, 3:

stellis pingitur aether,

Sen. Med. 310.—

Trop., of style, to paint, color, embellish:

verba,

Cic. Brut. 37, 141:

tabula, quam Cleanthes sane commode verbis depingere solebat,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 69:

locus, quem ego varie meis orationibus soleo pingere,

id. Att. 1, 14, 3:

modo mihi date Britanniam, quam pingam coloribus tuis penicillo meo,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, a, 2:

hunc (virum) omnibus a me pictum et politum artis coloribus subito deformatum vidi,

id. Att. 2, 21, 4.—Hence, pictus, a, um, P. a., painted, colored, of various colors.

Lit.:

volucres,

Verg. A. 4, 525:

pelles,

id. G. 4, 342:

absint et picti squalentia terga lacerti,

id. ib. 4, 13:

puppes,

id. A. 5, 663:

carinae,

id. ib. 8, 93.—

Transf., tattooed:

Geloni,

Verg. G. 2, 115:

Agathyrsi,

id. A. 4, 146 Forbig. ad loc.; Prisc. Perieg. 302.—

Of style, ornamented, ornate: orationis pictum et expolitum genus, Cic. Or. 27, 96:

Lysiā nihil potest esse pictius,

id. Brut. 95, 293.—

Merely painted, i. e. unreal, false, deceptive, empty, vain:

pictos experiere metus,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 50.

qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;

rarely cum quo,

Liv. 7, 33:

cum quibus,

id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.

Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).

In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:

qui color, nitor, vestitus?

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?

Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:

virgo, quae patria est tua?

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:

occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?

what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—

In indirect discourse:

scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,

what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,

Verg. G. 1, 3:

iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,

id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:

nescimus qui sis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:

qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—

Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.

As a simple rel.

With antecedent expressed:

habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,

id. Balb. 5, 11:

vir acer, cui, etc.,

id. Brut. 35, 135:

vir optimus, qui, etc.,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,

Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:

quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,

id. 30, 30, 12:

collaria, quae vocantur maelium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:

coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,

Liv. 8, 23:

sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:

sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,

id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —

With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:

novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:

beati, quīs contigit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 95:

fac, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —

The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:

est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,

Sall. C. 55, 3:

ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,

id. J. 18, 11:

exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,

id. Sest. 42, 91. —

Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:

ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:

ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:

hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:

abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,

Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —

Relating to a remote subject:

annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—

The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:

erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —

In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:

quemne ego vidi?

whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—

With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.

As, because, seeing that, since:

Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:

hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;

ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,

Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—

Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,

id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,

Liv. 23, 43:

idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—

Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:

qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?

as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—

To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:

sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:

Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —

The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:

res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,

and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:

ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—

The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:

quae tua natura est,

according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

qui meus amor in te est,

such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—

In neutr. sing.

Quod signifies,

As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:

adjutabo quod potero,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:

cura, quod potes, ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:

quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,

id. Att. 1, 5, 7:

tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,

id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,

id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:

quod tuo commodo fiat,

id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

quod sciam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:

quod ad me attinet,

as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:

quod operae,

so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:

quod aeris,

Liv. 8, 20. —

Wherein:

si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—

Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:

quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—

Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:

quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:

si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:

(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.

quī, adv. interrog., rel. and indef. [old abl. of 1. qui].

Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?

In direct questions:

quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?

Plaut. Am. prol. 76:

Quī, amabo?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:

quī scire possum?

id. ib. 2, 2, 13:

Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?

id. ib. 4, 4, 31:

Quī non?

id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

quī vero dupliciter?

id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:

quī vero?

id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:

quī scis?

Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:

quī istuc facere potuit?

id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:

quī potui melius?

id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:

sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?

Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:

quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?

id. ib. 1, 30, 84:

quī potest?

id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,

Liv. 28, 43, 18.—

In indirect questions:

nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:

quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:

nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:

neque videre, quī conveniat,

Liv. 42, 50. —

In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):

quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:

quī istum di perdant!

id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:

quī te di omnes perdant!

id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:

quī illi di irati!

Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—

Rel., wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how (referring to all genders and both numbers).

In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):

patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:

sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:

mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:

multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:

in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,

Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—

Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:

indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:

quī datur, tanti indica,

id. ib. 4, 4, 109:

ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,

id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—

Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:

ut det, quī fiamus liberi,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:

facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —

Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:

hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:

hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,

id. Most. 3, 2, 139:

hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:

edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:

edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:

ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:

an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:

et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.

qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;

rarely cum quo,

Liv. 7, 33:

cum quibus,

id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.

Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).

In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:

qui color, nitor, vestitus?

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?

Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:

virgo, quae patria est tua?

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:

occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?

what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—

In indirect discourse:

scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,

what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,

Verg. G. 1, 3:

iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,

id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:

nescimus qui sis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:

qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—

Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.

As a simple rel.

With antecedent expressed:

habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,

id. Balb. 5, 11:

vir acer, cui, etc.,

id. Brut. 35, 135:

vir optimus, qui, etc.,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,

Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:

quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,

id. 30, 30, 12:

collaria, quae vocantur maelium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:

coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,

Liv. 8, 23:

sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:

sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,

id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —

With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:

novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:

beati, quīs contigit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 95:

fac, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —

The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:

est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,

Sall. C. 55, 3:

ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,

id. J. 18, 11:

exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,

id. Sest. 42, 91. —

Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:

ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:

ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:

hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:

abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,

Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —

Relating to a remote subject:

annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—

The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:

erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —

In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:

quemne ego vidi?

whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—

With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.

As, because, seeing that, since:

Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:

hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;

ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,

Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—

Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,

id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,

Liv. 23, 43:

idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—

Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:

qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?

as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—

To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:

sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:

Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —

The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:

res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,

and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:

ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—

The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:

quae tua natura est,

according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

qui meus amor in te est,

such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—

In neutr. sing.

Quod signifies,

As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:

adjutabo quod potero,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:

cura, quod potes, ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:

quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,

id. Att. 1, 5, 7:

tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,

id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,

id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:

quod tuo commodo fiat,

id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

quod sciam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:

quod ad me attinet,

as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:

quod operae,

so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:

quod aeris,

Liv. 8, 20. —

Wherein:

si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—

Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:

quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—

Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:

quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:

si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:

(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.

quī, adv. interrog., rel. and indef. [old abl. of 1. qui].

Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?

In direct questions:

quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?

Plaut. Am. prol. 76:

Quī, amabo?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:

quī scire possum?

id. ib. 2, 2, 13:

Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?

id. ib. 4, 4, 31:

Quī non?

id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

quī vero dupliciter?

id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:

quī vero?

id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:

quī scis?

Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:

quī istuc facere potuit?

id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:

quī potui melius?

id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:

sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?

Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:

quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?

id. ib. 1, 30, 84:

quī potest?

id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,

Liv. 28, 43, 18.—

In indirect questions:

nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:

quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:

nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:

neque videre, quī conveniat,

Liv. 42, 50. —

In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):

quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:

quī istum di perdant!

id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:

quī te di omnes perdant!

id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:

quī illi di irati!

Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—

Rel., wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how (referring to all genders and both numbers).

In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):

patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:

sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:

mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:

multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:

in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,

Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—

Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:

indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:

quī datur, tanti indica,

id. ib. 4, 4, 109:

ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,

id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—

Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:

ut det, quī fiamus liberi,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:

facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —

Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:

hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:

hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,

id. Most. 3, 2, 139:

hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:

edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:

edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:

ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:

an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:

et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.