-
1 auritus
aurītus, a, um [ auris ]1) имеющий уши, преим. длинноухий, ушастый (asinus O; lepus V)2) внимательно слушающий, насторожившийся ( omnem populum auritum facere Pl)testis a. Pl — свидетель, показывающий то, что он слышал, т. е. с чужих слов -
2 aro
ăro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cf. aroô = to plough, to till; arotron = aratrum; arotos, aroura = arvum, = Welsh ar; arotêr = arator; armentum; Goth. arjan = to plough; O. H. Germ. aran = to ear], to plough, to till.I.A.. Lit.a.Absol.:b.arare mavelim quam sic amare,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:in fundo Fodere aut arare,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:si quidem L. Quinctio Cincinnato aranti nuntiatum est etc.,
Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bene et tempestive arare,
Cato, R. R. 61, 1; Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 174:bos est enectus arando,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 87:die septimo cessabis arare et metere,
Vulg. Exod. 34, 21; ib. Luc. 17, 7; ib. 1 Cor. 9, 10.—With acc.:B.arare terram,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 16; Ov. F. 1, 703; cf. Col. 2, 4; Pall. 2, 3, 2:ager non semel aratus, sed novatus et iteratus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:cum terra araretur et sulcus altius esset impressus,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50:vallem arari,
Vulg. Deut. 21, 4:campum arare,
Ov. Tr. 3, 328:olivetum,
Col. 5, 9:Capuam,
Verg. G. 2, 244:Campaniam,
Prop. 4, 4, 5 et saep.—Trop1.Of a ship, to plough: aequor. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 76; so id. Am. 2, 10, 33 Heins.; Verg. A. 2, 780; 3, 495:2.aquas,
Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36 (cf.:sulcare aquas,
id. M. 4, 707).—Of age, to draw furrows over the body, i. e. to wrinkle:3.jam venient rugae, quae tibi corpus arent,
Ov. A. A. 2, 118.—In mal. part.:4.fundum alienum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 24; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 48 al.—Prov.: arare litus, for to bestow useless labor:II.non profecturis litora bobus aras,
Ov. H. 5, 116; so id. Tr. 5, 4, 48; cf. Juv. 7, 49.—In a more extended sense.A.To cultivate land, and absol. to pursue agriculture, to live by husbandry (cf. agricola and arator):B.quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, virtuti omnia parent, i. e. in agriculturā, navigatione, etc., omnia ex virtute animi pendent,
Sall. C. 2, 7 Corte' arat Falerni mille fundi jugera, Hor. Epod. 4, 13:cives Romani, qui arant in Siciliā,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5.—To gain by agriculture, to acquire by tillage:decem medimna ex jugero arare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47 (where, Zumpt, from conjecture, has received exarare into the text; so B. and K.). -
3 dura
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
4 durum
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
5 durus
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
6 imprimo
imprĭmo ( inpr-), pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [in-premo], to press into or upon, to stick, stamp, or dig into, to impress, imprint (class.).I.Lit.:B.si in ejusmodi cera centum sigilla hoc anulo impressero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 86:locus ubi vestigium impresserit,
id. Caecin. 27, 76; id. Phil. 13, 15, 30:sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
id. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne imprimatur jacentibus molibus solum,
Col. 3, 13, 1: imprimitque genae genam, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 686 (Trag. v. 436):os cucurbitulae corpori,
Cels. 2, 11:signa tabellis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 38:impressit dente labris notam,
id. C. 1, 13, 12; cf.:dentes alicui,
Luc. 9, 806:muris aratrum,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 20:stigmata captivorum frontibus,
Petr. 105:(Dido) os impressa toro,
Verg. A. 4, 659:impressa orbita,
Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:sulcus altius impressus,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50:monimenta impressa saxis,
Tac. A. 11, 14:puteum,
i. e. to sink, dig, Pall. 1, 34:nudo ecce jugulum, convertite huc manus, imprimite mucrones,
Petr. 80:dentem,
Tib. 1, 6, 14; cf.:morsum,
i. e. to bite, Col. 6, 17, 33; Plin. 8, 25, 37, § 89:vulnus,
i. e. to make, Col. 7, 11, 2:basia,
Mart. 10, 42, 5:staminaque impresso fatalia pollice nentes,
pressed upon, Ov. M. 8, 453; cf.:impressoque genu nitens,
Verg. A. 12, 303:humidaque impressa siccabat lumina lana,
Prop. 3, 6 (4, 5), 17:exempta scutula cortici, imprimitur ex alia cortex par,
Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 118. —Transf.: aliquid (aliqua re), to press in, give an impression to a thing, to engrave, stamp, mark: an imprimi quasi ceram animum putamus? Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:II.hoc munus habebis, Cratera impressum signis,
Verg. A. 5, 536; cf.:impressas auro quas gesserat olim Exuvias,
i. e. embroidered, Luc. 9, 176:non levior cippus nunc imprimit ossa?
Pers. 1, 37:transtra per et remos impressaque terga virorum,
pressed down, bended, Stat. Th. 5, 403.—Trop., to impress, engrave, stamp, mark:B.quod in omnium animis eorum notionem impressisset ipsa natura,
Cic. N. D. 1, 16, 43; cf.:visa in animis,
id. Ac. 2, 18, 58:quaeque in animis imprimuntur incohatae intellegentiae, similiter in omnibus imprimuntur,
id. Leg. 1, 10, 30; id. Fat. 19, 43:verum illud quidem impressum in animo atque mente,
id. Ac. 2, 11, 34:nisi omnes ii motus in ipso oratore impressi esse atque inusti videbuntur,
id. de Or. 2, 45, 189:quo e genere nobis notitiae rerum imprimuntur,
id. Ac. 2, 7, 21:in quibus (curriculis) Platonis primum sunt impressa vestigia,
id. Or. 3, 12; cf.:(memoria) constat ex notis litterarum, et ex eo, in quo imprimuntur illae notae,
id. Part. Or. 7, 26:menti impressa,
id. ib. 2, 11, 34:quaedam vestigia animo,
Quint. 11, 2, 4:memoria publica recensionis tabulis publicis impressa,
Cic. Mil. 27, 73:impressa animo rudi memoria,
Quint. 1, 1, 36:quorum lectione duplex imprimeretur rei publicae dedecus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:cum fortitudinis, tum vero humanitatis... impressa vestigia,
id. Balb. 5, 13.—Transf. (acc. to I. B.), to stamp, mark:1.horum flagitiorum iste vestigiis omnia municipia, praefecturas... impressit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58; id. Fam. 5, 20, 5.—Hence, impressē, adv., strongly, forcibly, impressively (postclass.).Lit.:2.dehinc rursus defricandus tenacius quidem, sed non impressius,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 7, 87. —Trop.:alte et impresse recogitare,
Tert. Exhort. Cast. 3:ut impressius dixerim,
id. Car. Christ. 12. -
7 inprimo
imprĭmo ( inpr-), pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [in-premo], to press into or upon, to stick, stamp, or dig into, to impress, imprint (class.).I.Lit.:B.si in ejusmodi cera centum sigilla hoc anulo impressero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 86:locus ubi vestigium impresserit,
id. Caecin. 27, 76; id. Phil. 13, 15, 30:sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
id. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne imprimatur jacentibus molibus solum,
Col. 3, 13, 1: imprimitque genae genam, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 686 (Trag. v. 436):os cucurbitulae corpori,
Cels. 2, 11:signa tabellis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 38:impressit dente labris notam,
id. C. 1, 13, 12; cf.:dentes alicui,
Luc. 9, 806:muris aratrum,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 20:stigmata captivorum frontibus,
Petr. 105:(Dido) os impressa toro,
Verg. A. 4, 659:impressa orbita,
Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:sulcus altius impressus,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50:monimenta impressa saxis,
Tac. A. 11, 14:puteum,
i. e. to sink, dig, Pall. 1, 34:nudo ecce jugulum, convertite huc manus, imprimite mucrones,
Petr. 80:dentem,
Tib. 1, 6, 14; cf.:morsum,
i. e. to bite, Col. 6, 17, 33; Plin. 8, 25, 37, § 89:vulnus,
i. e. to make, Col. 7, 11, 2:basia,
Mart. 10, 42, 5:staminaque impresso fatalia pollice nentes,
pressed upon, Ov. M. 8, 453; cf.:impressoque genu nitens,
Verg. A. 12, 303:humidaque impressa siccabat lumina lana,
Prop. 3, 6 (4, 5), 17:exempta scutula cortici, imprimitur ex alia cortex par,
Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 118. —Transf.: aliquid (aliqua re), to press in, give an impression to a thing, to engrave, stamp, mark: an imprimi quasi ceram animum putamus? Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:II.hoc munus habebis, Cratera impressum signis,
Verg. A. 5, 536; cf.:impressas auro quas gesserat olim Exuvias,
i. e. embroidered, Luc. 9, 176:non levior cippus nunc imprimit ossa?
Pers. 1, 37:transtra per et remos impressaque terga virorum,
pressed down, bended, Stat. Th. 5, 403.—Trop., to impress, engrave, stamp, mark:B.quod in omnium animis eorum notionem impressisset ipsa natura,
Cic. N. D. 1, 16, 43; cf.:visa in animis,
id. Ac. 2, 18, 58:quaeque in animis imprimuntur incohatae intellegentiae, similiter in omnibus imprimuntur,
id. Leg. 1, 10, 30; id. Fat. 19, 43:verum illud quidem impressum in animo atque mente,
id. Ac. 2, 11, 34:nisi omnes ii motus in ipso oratore impressi esse atque inusti videbuntur,
id. de Or. 2, 45, 189:quo e genere nobis notitiae rerum imprimuntur,
id. Ac. 2, 7, 21:in quibus (curriculis) Platonis primum sunt impressa vestigia,
id. Or. 3, 12; cf.:(memoria) constat ex notis litterarum, et ex eo, in quo imprimuntur illae notae,
id. Part. Or. 7, 26:menti impressa,
id. ib. 2, 11, 34:quaedam vestigia animo,
Quint. 11, 2, 4:memoria publica recensionis tabulis publicis impressa,
Cic. Mil. 27, 73:impressa animo rudi memoria,
Quint. 1, 1, 36:quorum lectione duplex imprimeretur rei publicae dedecus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:cum fortitudinis, tum vero humanitatis... impressa vestigia,
id. Balb. 5, 13.—Transf. (acc. to I. B.), to stamp, mark:1.horum flagitiorum iste vestigiis omnia municipia, praefecturas... impressit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58; id. Fam. 5, 20, 5.—Hence, impressē, adv., strongly, forcibly, impressively (postclass.).Lit.:2.dehinc rursus defricandus tenacius quidem, sed non impressius,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 7, 87. —Trop.:alte et impresse recogitare,
Tert. Exhort. Cast. 3:ut impressius dixerim,
id. Car. Christ. 12.
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