-
1 dūrē
dūrē adv. with comp. [durus], hardly, stiffly, awkwardly: pleraque Dicere, H.: durius incedit, O.: quid fusum durius esset, H.— Harshly, roughly, sternly, rigorously: dicere: suae vitae durius consulere, i. e. kill themselves, Cs.: accipere hoc. -
2 inclēmenter
inclēmenter adv. with comp. [inclemens], rigorously, harshly, roughly, severely: increpantes, L.: dictum in se inclementius, T.: inclementius in te invehi, L.* * *harshly, severely -
3 rigidē
rigidē adv. [rigidus], rigorously, severely, O. -
4 dura
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
5 durum
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
6 durus
dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.I.Lit.A.Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:(α).et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—(β).Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—B.Transf.1.As affecting the sense of taste:2.vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—As affecting the ear:II.vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.Trop.A.Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:2.Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):B.fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:C.quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:A.opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:labor,
id. 5, 1272:subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:B.juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —(Acc. to II. A.-C.)1.Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:b.membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—Hardily, rigorously, austerely:2.vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—Harshly, roughly, sternly:3.quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.— -
7 exsero
ex-sero or exĕro, rŭi, rtum, 3, v. a.; to stretch out or forth, to thrust out, put forth, to take out (mostly post-Aug.).I.Lit.:B.Gallus linguam ab irrisu exserens,
Liv. 7, 10, 5:linguam per os,
Plin. 9, 27, 43, § 82:manum subter togam ad mentum,
Liv. 8, 9, 5:brachia aquis,
Ov. M. 2, 271:caput ponto,
id. ib. 13, 838;for which: caput ab Oceano,
Luc. 5, 598; cf.:herba Exserit e tepida molle cacumen humo,
Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 12:enses,
id. F. 3, 814:creverat infans Quaerebatque viam, qua se exsereret,
might come forth, id. M. 10, 505:se domicilio (cochleae),
Plin. 9, 32, 51, § 101:radicem ejus exserito,
take out, tear up, Col. 12, 58, 1:vincula,
i. e. to throw off, id. 8, 8, 12.—In partic., of parts of the body, exsertus, a, um, protruding from the dress, bare, uncovered: dextris humeris exsertis, bared, * Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2; cf. Verg. A. 1, 492; Stat. Ach. 1, 346; cf.II.transf. of the person: exsertus humero,
Sil. 8, 587;and in Greek construction: exserti ingentes humeros,
Stat. Th. 4, 235:unum exserta latus Camilla,
Verg. A. 11, 649:truces exserta manus,
Val. Fl. 2, 207; also absol.:exsertique manus vesana Cethegi,
tucked up, prepared for the fight, Luc. 2, 543:Latona,
Stat. Th. 9, 681.—Trop.A.In gen.:B.exseram in librum tuum jus, quod dedisti,
will avail myself of, make use of, Plin. Ep. 8, 7, 2:secreta mentis ore exserit,
discloses, Sen. Herc. Oet. 255.—In partic., to reveal, show, with an object-clause, Phaedr. 1, 12, 2:A. B.paulatim principem exseruit,
i. e. showed himself as, Suet. Tib. 33. —Hence, exsertus ( exert-), a, um, P. a.Open, evident, conspicuous:exserto bello,
Stat. S. 5, 2, 39:cachinnus,
i. e. unrestrained, loud, App. M. 1, p. 103, 15:exsertior opera,
Pacat. Paneg. ad Theod. 35. — Adv.: exserte (acc. to B.), openly, clearly, loudly:clamitans,
App. M. 1, p. 109:jubet,
Tert. ad Uxor. 2, 1.— Comp.:consurgere,
Amm. 16, 12.— Sup.:egit tribunatum (with severissime),
very strictly, rigorously, Spart. Sev. 3. -
8 inclemens
in-clēmens, entis, adj., unmerciful, rigorous, harsh, rough, severe (as an adj. perh. not ante-Aug. and very rare;not in Cicero): increpabant inclementem dictatorem,
Liv. 8, 32, 13:signifer,
Sil. 8, 440:verbo inclementiori appellari,
Liv. 9, 34, 23:inclementissimus,
Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 10.— Adv.: inclēmenter, rigorously, harshly, roughly, severely:in aliquem dicere,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 110; id. Ps. 1, 1, 25:loqui alicui,
id. Poen. 5, 5, 44:increpantes,
Liv. 32, 22, 1:nihil dictum,
id. 22, 38, 8:censuit,
Plin. 18, [p. 923] 6,7, §35: si quis est, qui dictum in se inclementius existimabit esse,
Ter. Eun. prol. 4:inclementius invehi in aliquem,
Liv. 3, 48, 4. -
9 rigida
rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).I.Lit.:II.pruinae,
Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
id. 1, 355:tellus,
Verg. G. 2, 316:aqua,
Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:umbrae,
Lucr. 5, 764:frigus,
id. 1, 356:cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,
Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,cervix,
Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:artus morte,
Lucr. 6, 1196:crura,
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:rostrum,
Ov. M. 5, 673:cornu,
id. ib. 9, 85:setae,
id. ib. 8, 428:capilli,
id. ib. 10, 425:oculi (with extenti),
Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:quercus,
Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.columnae,
Ov. F. 3, 529:malus,
id. H. 5, 53.—In mal. part.: illud,
Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—Hence: custos ruris,
i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:silices,
hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:saxum,
id. ib. 4, 517:mons,
hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:Niphates,
Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:ferrum,
Ov. R. Am. 19:serae,
id. F. 1, 124:ensis,
Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:hasta,
Verg. A. 10, 346:unguis,
Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:a.tristis, severus): vox,
hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:Sabini,
rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:Getae,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:fossor,
hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.manus,
Ov. M. 14, 647:virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,
stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,censor,
Ov. A. A. 2, 664:parens,
id. M. 2, 813:senes,
id. F. 4, 310:mens,
id. H. 3, 96:vultus,
id. ib. 4, 73:rigidi et tristes satellites,
Tac. A. 16, 22:(Cato) rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,
Luc. 2, 389; so,mores,
Ov. R. Am. 762:rigida duraque sententia Macri,
Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:Mars,
rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:leo,
Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?
too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,
Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,
Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—b.Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,
Val. Max. 9, 7 fin. -
10 rigidus
rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).I.Lit.:II.pruinae,
Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
id. 1, 355:tellus,
Verg. G. 2, 316:aqua,
Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:umbrae,
Lucr. 5, 764:frigus,
id. 1, 356:cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,
Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,cervix,
Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:artus morte,
Lucr. 6, 1196:crura,
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:rostrum,
Ov. M. 5, 673:cornu,
id. ib. 9, 85:setae,
id. ib. 8, 428:capilli,
id. ib. 10, 425:oculi (with extenti),
Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:quercus,
Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.columnae,
Ov. F. 3, 529:malus,
id. H. 5, 53.—In mal. part.: illud,
Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—Hence: custos ruris,
i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:silices,
hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:saxum,
id. ib. 4, 517:mons,
hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:Niphates,
Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:ferrum,
Ov. R. Am. 19:serae,
id. F. 1, 124:ensis,
Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:hasta,
Verg. A. 10, 346:unguis,
Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:a.tristis, severus): vox,
hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:Sabini,
rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:Getae,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:fossor,
hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.manus,
Ov. M. 14, 647:virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,
stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,censor,
Ov. A. A. 2, 664:parens,
id. M. 2, 813:senes,
id. F. 4, 310:mens,
id. H. 3, 96:vultus,
id. ib. 4, 73:rigidi et tristes satellites,
Tac. A. 16, 22:(Cato) rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,
Luc. 2, 389; so,mores,
Ov. R. Am. 762:rigida duraque sententia Macri,
Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:Mars,
rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:leo,
Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?
too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,
Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,
Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—b.Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,
Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.
См. также в других словарях:
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rigorously — adverb in a rigorous manner (Freq. 1) he had been trained rigorously by the monks • Syn: ↑strictly • Derived from adjective: ↑strict (for: ↑strictly), ↑rigorous … Useful english dictionary
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rigorously — adverb see rigorous … New Collegiate Dictionary
rigorously — See rigorous. * * * … Universalium
rigorously — adverb In a rigorous manner … Wiktionary
rigorously — Synonyms and related words: absolutely, accurately, adamantly, all to pieces, badly, conscientiously, dead, definitely, directly, dourly, even, exactingly, exactly, expressly, exquisitely, faithfully, fiercely, firmly, furiously, fussily, grimly … Moby Thesaurus
rigorously — rɪgÉ™rÉ™slɪ adv. harshly, strictly, severely; precisely, accurately, exactly … English contemporary dictionary
rigorously — rig·or·ous·ly … English syllables