alvus

cōnecto (less correctly, connecto, v. Ritschl, Opusc. II. 448 sq.; Gell. 2, 17, 8), nexŭi, nexum, 3, v. a. [necto], to tie, bind, fasten, or join together, to connect, entwine, link together (class.; most freq. in part. pass. and the trop. signif.); constr. with cum, inter se, the dat., or absol.

Lit.:

id (palliolum) conexum in umero laevo,

folded, gathered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 42:

omnia inter se conexa et apta,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97:

omnia omnimodis,

Lucr. 2, 700:

terrestria membra marinis,

id. 2, 704; 2, 712; 3, 691:

illae (apes) pedibus conexae ad limina pendent,

Verg. G. 4, 257; cf. Sil. 2, 220:

crines,

Prop. 2, 5, 23:

nodos,

Ov. M. 12, 430:

bracchia in genibus digitis conexa tenere,

id. ib. 9, 311:

naves validis utrimque trabibus,

Tac. H. 2, 34:

Mosellam atque Ararim facta inter utrumque fossa,

id. A. 13, 53; cf.:

Adiabenis conectuntur Carduchi,

Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44:

lata alvus (navium) sine vinculo aeris aut ferri conexa,

Tac. H. 3, 47:

ferreae laminae serie inter se conexae,

Curt. 4, 9, 3.—

Trop.

In gen.:

amicitia cum voluptate conectitur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67; Quint. 8, 3, 77:

ita sunt inter se conexa et indiscreta omnia,

id. 10, 1, 2; 5, 14, 32; cf.

Tib. 43:

membra historiae,

Quint. 9, 4, 129 al.:

quod discrimini patris filiam conectebat,

to implicate, involve, Tac. A. 16, 30; cf. id. ib. 16, 32:

causam dolori meo,

id. ib. 3, 12; id. H. 1, 65.—

Esp.,

In discourse, to connect with what precedes, join to, etc.:

facilius est enim apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

Cic. Or. 71, 235:

illud non est in uno verbo translato, sed ex pluribus continuatis conectitur,

id. de Or. 3, 41, 166:

inter se pleraque conexa et apta,

id. Part. Or. 39, 137; Quint. 10, 1, 2: verba lyrae conectere, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 86:

carmina secum gracili filo,

Col. 10, 227:

res ac verba,

Quint. 2, 4, 15; 9, 4, 58:

conexa oratio (opp. interrupta),

id. 9, 4, 7:

aliam majorem insaniam,

to join to, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 116; hence also: versus orationesque ejus, to quote, cite, Treb. Gall. 11 fin. —

In philos. lang., = concludo, to annex or subjoin a logical conclusion:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis, etc.... illud quoque verum est, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 6, 12; 7, 14:

omne, quod ipsum ex se conexum sit (e. g. si lucet, lucet) verum esse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 98.—Hence, cō-nexus, a, um, P. a., = conjunctus, connected, joined, cohering together with something (very rare):

sive aliud quid vis potius conexius (quam animus) ei (sc. corpori) fingere,

Lucr. 3, 555:

Silanum per adfinitatem conexum Germanico,

Tac. A. 2, 43;

so also without affinitas, of relationship: Caesari,

id. ib. 2, 50;

4, 66: insequitur magno jam tunc conexus amore Patroclus,

Stat. Achill. 1, 174.—

In time, immediately following:

conexi his funeribus dies,

Cic. Pis. 5, 11.—Hence, subst.: cōnexum ( conn-), i, a necessary consequence, inevitable inference:

ipsa ratio conexi, cum concesseris superius, cogit inferius concedere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

primumque quod est in conexo... necessarium est,

id. Fat. 7, 14; cf. id. ib. 8, 15: quod Graeci sunêmmenon axiôma dicunt, alii nostrorum conjunctum, alii conexum dixerunt, Gell. 16, 8, 9; cf. the context.—And adv.: cōnexē ( conn-), in connection, connectedly:

dicere aliquid,

Mart. Cap. 4, § 387.

cōnecto (less correctly, connecto, v. Ritschl, Opusc. II. 448 sq.; Gell. 2, 17, 8), nexŭi, nexum, 3, v. a. [necto], to tie, bind, fasten, or join together, to connect, entwine, link together (class.; most freq. in part. pass. and the trop. signif.); constr. with cum, inter se, the dat., or absol.

Lit.:

id (palliolum) conexum in umero laevo,

folded, gathered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 42:

omnia inter se conexa et apta,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97:

omnia omnimodis,

Lucr. 2, 700:

terrestria membra marinis,

id. 2, 704; 2, 712; 3, 691:

illae (apes) pedibus conexae ad limina pendent,

Verg. G. 4, 257; cf. Sil. 2, 220:

crines,

Prop. 2, 5, 23:

nodos,

Ov. M. 12, 430:

bracchia in genibus digitis conexa tenere,

id. ib. 9, 311:

naves validis utrimque trabibus,

Tac. H. 2, 34:

Mosellam atque Ararim facta inter utrumque fossa,

id. A. 13, 53; cf.:

Adiabenis conectuntur Carduchi,

Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44:

lata alvus (navium) sine vinculo aeris aut ferri conexa,

Tac. H. 3, 47:

ferreae laminae serie inter se conexae,

Curt. 4, 9, 3.—

Trop.

In gen.:

amicitia cum voluptate conectitur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67; Quint. 8, 3, 77:

ita sunt inter se conexa et indiscreta omnia,

id. 10, 1, 2; 5, 14, 32; cf.

Tib. 43:

membra historiae,

Quint. 9, 4, 129 al.:

quod discrimini patris filiam conectebat,

to implicate, involve, Tac. A. 16, 30; cf. id. ib. 16, 32:

causam dolori meo,

id. ib. 3, 12; id. H. 1, 65.—

Esp.,

In discourse, to connect with what precedes, join to, etc.:

facilius est enim apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

Cic. Or. 71, 235:

illud non est in uno verbo translato, sed ex pluribus continuatis conectitur,

id. de Or. 3, 41, 166:

inter se pleraque conexa et apta,

id. Part. Or. 39, 137; Quint. 10, 1, 2: verba lyrae conectere, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 86:

carmina secum gracili filo,

Col. 10, 227:

res ac verba,

Quint. 2, 4, 15; 9, 4, 58:

conexa oratio (opp. interrupta),

id. 9, 4, 7:

aliam majorem insaniam,

to join to, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 116; hence also: versus orationesque ejus, to quote, cite, Treb. Gall. 11 fin. —

In philos. lang., = concludo, to annex or subjoin a logical conclusion:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis, etc.... illud quoque verum est, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 6, 12; 7, 14:

omne, quod ipsum ex se conexum sit (e. g. si lucet, lucet) verum esse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 98.—Hence, cō-nexus, a, um, P. a., = conjunctus, connected, joined, cohering together with something (very rare):

sive aliud quid vis potius conexius (quam animus) ei (sc. corpori) fingere,

Lucr. 3, 555:

Silanum per adfinitatem conexum Germanico,

Tac. A. 2, 43;

so also without affinitas, of relationship: Caesari,

id. ib. 2, 50;

4, 66: insequitur magno jam tunc conexus amore Patroclus,

Stat. Achill. 1, 174.—

In time, immediately following:

conexi his funeribus dies,

Cic. Pis. 5, 11.—Hence, subst.: cōnexum ( conn-), i, a necessary consequence, inevitable inference:

ipsa ratio conexi, cum concesseris superius, cogit inferius concedere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

primumque quod est in conexo... necessarium est,

id. Fat. 7, 14; cf. id. ib. 8, 15: quod Graeci sunêmmenon axiôma dicunt, alii nostrorum conjunctum, alii conexum dixerunt, Gell. 16, 8, 9; cf. the context.—And adv.: cōnexē ( conn-), in connection, connectedly:

dicere aliquid,

Mart. Cap. 4, § 387.

cōnecto (less correctly, connecto, v. Ritschl, Opusc. II. 448 sq.; Gell. 2, 17, 8), nexŭi, nexum, 3, v. a. [necto], to tie, bind, fasten, or join together, to connect, entwine, link together (class.; most freq. in part. pass. and the trop. signif.); constr. with cum, inter se, the dat., or absol.

Lit.:

id (palliolum) conexum in umero laevo,

folded, gathered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 42:

omnia inter se conexa et apta,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97:

omnia omnimodis,

Lucr. 2, 700:

terrestria membra marinis,

id. 2, 704; 2, 712; 3, 691:

illae (apes) pedibus conexae ad limina pendent,

Verg. G. 4, 257; cf. Sil. 2, 220:

crines,

Prop. 2, 5, 23:

nodos,

Ov. M. 12, 430:

bracchia in genibus digitis conexa tenere,

id. ib. 9, 311:

naves validis utrimque trabibus,

Tac. H. 2, 34:

Mosellam atque Ararim facta inter utrumque fossa,

id. A. 13, 53; cf.:

Adiabenis conectuntur Carduchi,

Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44:

lata alvus (navium) sine vinculo aeris aut ferri conexa,

Tac. H. 3, 47:

ferreae laminae serie inter se conexae,

Curt. 4, 9, 3.—

Trop.

In gen.:

amicitia cum voluptate conectitur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67; Quint. 8, 3, 77:

ita sunt inter se conexa et indiscreta omnia,

id. 10, 1, 2; 5, 14, 32; cf.

Tib. 43:

membra historiae,

Quint. 9, 4, 129 al.:

quod discrimini patris filiam conectebat,

to implicate, involve, Tac. A. 16, 30; cf. id. ib. 16, 32:

causam dolori meo,

id. ib. 3, 12; id. H. 1, 65.—

Esp.,

In discourse, to connect with what precedes, join to, etc.:

facilius est enim apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

Cic. Or. 71, 235:

illud non est in uno verbo translato, sed ex pluribus continuatis conectitur,

id. de Or. 3, 41, 166:

inter se pleraque conexa et apta,

id. Part. Or. 39, 137; Quint. 10, 1, 2: verba lyrae conectere, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 86:

carmina secum gracili filo,

Col. 10, 227:

res ac verba,

Quint. 2, 4, 15; 9, 4, 58:

conexa oratio (opp. interrupta),

id. 9, 4, 7:

aliam majorem insaniam,

to join to, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 116; hence also: versus orationesque ejus, to quote, cite, Treb. Gall. 11 fin. —

In philos. lang., = concludo, to annex or subjoin a logical conclusion:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis, etc.... illud quoque verum est, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 6, 12; 7, 14:

omne, quod ipsum ex se conexum sit (e. g. si lucet, lucet) verum esse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 98.—Hence, cō-nexus, a, um, P. a., = conjunctus, connected, joined, cohering together with something (very rare):

sive aliud quid vis potius conexius (quam animus) ei (sc. corpori) fingere,

Lucr. 3, 555:

Silanum per adfinitatem conexum Germanico,

Tac. A. 2, 43;

so also without affinitas, of relationship: Caesari,

id. ib. 2, 50;

4, 66: insequitur magno jam tunc conexus amore Patroclus,

Stat. Achill. 1, 174.—

In time, immediately following:

conexi his funeribus dies,

Cic. Pis. 5, 11.—Hence, subst.: cōnexum ( conn-), i, a necessary consequence, inevitable inference:

ipsa ratio conexi, cum concesseris superius, cogit inferius concedere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

primumque quod est in conexo... necessarium est,

id. Fat. 7, 14; cf. id. ib. 8, 15: quod Graeci sunêmmenon axiôma dicunt, alii nostrorum conjunctum, alii conexum dixerunt, Gell. 16, 8, 9; cf. the context.—And adv.: cōnexē ( conn-), in connection, connectedly:

dicere aliquid,

Mart. Cap. 4, § 387.

com-prĭmo ( conp-), pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [premo], to press or squeeze together, compress (very freq and class.).

In gen.:

(corpora) inter se compressa teneri,

Lucr. 6, 454:

dentis,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 21:

cum plane (digitos) compresserat pugnumque fecerat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 145; cf.:

compressa in pugnum manus,

Quint. 2, 20, 7; 11, 3, 104:

(oculos) opertos compressosque,

id. 11, 3, 76:

compressā palmā,

with the clinched hand, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 53:

compressam forcipe lingua,

Ov. M. 6, 556: labra, * Hor. S. 1, 4, 138:

tamquam compressa manu sit (terra),

Lucr. 6, 866:

manibus dorsum boum,

Col. 2, 3, 1:

murem,

Phaedr. 4, 2, 14:

ordines (aciei),

to make more dense, Liv. 8, 8, 12:

versus ordinibus,

to write closely, Ov. Am. 1, 11, 21:

mulierem,

to lie with, Plaut. Aul. prol. 30; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; 5, 3, 30; id. Phorm. 5, 9, 29; Liv. 1, 4, 2 al.—Hence the equivocation in Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 192; id. Rud. 4, 4, 29 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 6.—Also of the treading of a peacock, Col. 8, 11, 5.— Prov.: compressis manibus sedere, with the hands folded, i. e. to be unemployed, at leisure, Liv. 7, 13, 7; cf.:

compressas tenuisse manus,

Luc. 2, 292.—

Esp. with the access. idea of restraining free motion.

To hold back, hold, keep in, restrain; prop.:

animam,

to hold one's breath, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28:

manum,

to keep off, id. Heaut. 3, 3, 29:

linguam alicui,

to silence him, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 192; cf. I. supra, and id. Mil. 2, 6, 88:

aquam (opp. inmittere),

Dig. 39, 3, 1, § 1:

tela manu,

Stat. Th. 11, 33:

alvum,

to check a diarrhœa, Cels. 1, 10; 6, 18, 7; so,

stomachum,

to bind, make costive, id. 4, 5 fin.; and transf. to the person: si morbus [p. 395] aliquem compresserit, id. praef.—

Trop.

Of passions, dispositions, intentions, actions, etc., to restrain, hinder, check, repress, curb (very freq.):

vocem et orationem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 16:

gressum,

Verg. A. 6, 389:

consilium,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6:

comprimere atque restinguere incensam illius cupiditatem,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59; cf. id. Cael. 31, 25:

conatum atque audaciam furentis hominis,

id. Phil. 10, 5, 11:

Clodii conatus furoresque,

id. Off. 2, 17, 58; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 7:

amor compressus edendi,

Verg. A. 8, 184:

tribunicios furores,

Cic. Mur. 11, 24:

ferocitatem tuam istam,

id. Vatin. 1, 2:

seditionem,

Liv. 2, 23, 10:

motus,

id. 1, 60, 1:

multi temere excitati tumultus sunt compressique,

id. 26, 10, 10:

plausum,

Cic. Deiot. 12, 34:

exsultantem laetitiam,

id. Top. 22, 86:

voce manuque Murmura,

Ov. M. 1, 206:

conscientiam,

to silence, Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 54 et saep. —

Transf. to the person:

non ego te conprimere possum sine malo?

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81:

ac sedare exasperatos Ligures,

Liv. 42, 26, 1; cf. id. 5, 45, 7:

cujus adventus Pompeianos compressit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 65:

comprime te, nimium tinnis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 32:

vix comprimor, quin involem illi in oculos,

id. Most. 1, 3, 46.—

With the access. idea of withholding evidence or knowledge ( = supprimo), to keep to one's self, keep back, withhold, suppress, conceal (rare, but in good prose;

most freq. in Cic.): frumentum,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 8:

annonam,

Liv. 38, 35, 5:

multa, magna delicta,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 6:

orationem illam,

id. ib. 3, 12, 2:

famam captae Carthaginis ex industriā,

Liv. 26, 51, 11.—Hence, compressus, a, um, P. a., pressed together, i. e. close, strait, narrow:

calculus oris compressioris,

Cels. 2, 11; so in comp., Plin. 16, 10, 19, § 49; 17, 11, 16, § 80.—

Costive:

venter,

Cels. 1, 3:

alvus,

id. 3, 6: morbi, connected with costiveness, id. praef.— Adv.: compressē.

In a compressed manner, briefly, succinctly:

compressius loqui (opp. latius),

Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17.—

Pressingly, urgently:

compressius violentiusque quaerere,

Gell. 1, 23, 7; cf. Macr. S. 1, 6.

con-sisto, stĭti, stĭtum, 3, v. n., to place one's self anywhere, to stand still, stand, halt, stop, make a stop (very freq. and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

In gen.:

jam hunc non ausim praeterire, quin consistam et conloquar,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 14:

otiose nunc jam ilico hic consiste,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 2:

ubi ad ipsum veni diverticulum, constiti,

id. Eun. 4, 2, 7; cf. Hor. S. 1, 9, 62:

uti et viatores consistere cogant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 5:

neque is (Demosthenes) consistens in loco, sed inambulans atque ascensu ingrediens arduo,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261:

si ludius constitit aut tibicen repente conticuit,

id. Har. Resp. 11, 23; cf. id. Arch. 8, 19:

plura scribam ad te cum constitero: nunc eram plane in medio mari,

id. Att. 5, 12, 3: constitit nusquam primo quam ad Vada venit, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 2:

in quibus oppidis consistere praetores et conventum agere solebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

Romae post praeturam,

id. ib. 2, 1, 39, §

101: ire modo ocius, interdum consistere,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 9:

in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6:

omnes ordines, tota in illā contione Italia constitit,

Cic. Sest. 50, 107:

ad mensam consistere et ministrare,

id. Tusc. 5, 21, 61; so,

ad aras,

Ov. M. 10, 274:

ad ramos,

id. ib. 10, 510:

ante domum,

id. ib. 2, 766:

ante torum,

id. ib. 15, 653:

in aede,

id. ib. 15, 674:

in medio,

id. ib. 10, 601; and with a simple abl.:

limine,

id. ib. 4, 486; 9, 397; Stat. Th. 1, 123; Verg. A. 1, 541:

post eum,

Quint. 1, 10, 27:

in pedes,

Sen. Ep. 121, 9:

calce aliquem super ipsum debere consistere,

trample on, Cels. 8, 14, 19.—

In partic.

To set, become hard or solid:

frigore constitit Ister,

has been frozen, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 1; cf.

unda,

id. M. 9, 662: sanguis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 38:

alvus,

Cato, R. R. 126; 156, 4; cf.:

cum jam perfecte mustum deferbuit et constitit,

Col. 12, 21, 3:

album ex ovo, quo facilius consistat,

Cels. 4, 20, 15.—

Cum aliquo, to station or place one's self with some one for conversation, to stand with:

in hoc jam loco cum altero Constitit,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 31; id. Curc. 4, 2, 16 sq.:

cum hoc consistit, hunc amplexatur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 19.—

To take one's place, take position, assume a place or attitude for an action, etc.;

of a musician: ut constitit,

Suet. Ner. 21;

of an actor: in scaenā vero postquam solus constitit,

Phaedr. 5, 5, 13;

of an orator: in communibus suggestis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:

Aesopus mediā subito in turbā constitit,

Phaedr. 4, 5, 29;

for shooting: post acer Mnestheus adducto constitit arcu,

Verg. A. 5, 507; cf.

of athletes, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 426; Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83:

inter duas acies,

Liv. 7, 10, 9:

cum aliquo,

Petr. 19, 5.—Hence,

Milit. t. t., to halt, make a halt, take a position, to make a stand (opp. to a march, flight, or disorder):

locus, ubi constitissent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

qui in superiore acie constiterant,

id. ib. 1, 24; cf.:

in sinistrā parte acies,

id. ib. 2, 23:

in fluctibus,

id. ib. 4, 24:

sub muro,

id. ib. 7, 48:

juxta,

id. ib. 2, 26 al.:

pro opere,

Sall. J. 92, 8:

equites Ariovisti pari intervallo constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

constitit utrumque agmen,

Liv. 21, 46, 4:

sic regii constiterant,

id. 42, 58, 10 et saep.:

ut reliquae (legiones) consistere non auderent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

in locis superioribus consistere,

id. ib. 3, 6:

a fugā,

Liv. 10, 36, 11:

naves eorum nostris adversae constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14.—

Jurid. t. t., to appear as accuser before a court of justice:

cum debitoribus,

Dig. 5, 3, 49:

cum matre,

Sen. Ira, 2, 7, 3:

adversus dominos,

Dig. 5, 1, 53.—

Poet.:

fert animus propius consistere,

i. e. take a nearer view, Ov. A. A. 3, 467.—

To have a stand as a dealer, occupy a place of business:

ede ubi consistas,

Juv. 3, 296:

in tabernā,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 5 Müll.:

IN SCHOLA,

Inscr. Orell. 4085; cf.:

locum consistendi Romanis in Galliā non fore,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37; 7, 42.—

Trop.

In gen., to rest, remain, stand, Lucr. 2, 332; cf. id. 2, 322:

patiamini eo transire illius turpitudinis infamiam, ubi cetera maleficia consistunt,

Cic. Clu. 30, 83; cf.:

ut unde orta culpa esset, ibi poena consisteret,

Liv. 28, 26, 3:

ante oculos rectum pietasque pudorque constiterant,

Ov. M. 7, 73. —

In partic.

To pause, to dwell upon, delay, stop:

in uno nomine,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95:

ipsa mihi veritas manum inicit et paulisper consistere et commorari cogit,

id. Rosc. Com. 16, 48; cf. id. de Or. 3, 31, 124:

in singulis,

id. Part. Or. 35, 120.— Impers. pass.:

ista quae spectantur, ad quae consistitur,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 4.—

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To be or remain firm, unshaken, immovable, steadfast, to be at rest, to stand one's ground, to continue, endure, subsist, be, exist:

mente consistere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 68; so,

neque mente nec linguā neque ore,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:

praeclare in forensibus causis,

id. Or. 9, 30:

in dicendo,

id. Clu. 39, 108:

verbo quidem superabis me ipso judice, re autem ne consistes quidem ullo judice,

id. Caecin. 21, 59; cf.

of the cause itself: quia magistratus aliquis reperiebatur, apud quem Alfeni causa consisteret,

id. Quint. 22, 71; cf.

also: modo ut tibi constiterit fructus otii tui,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

in quo (viro) non modo culpa nulla, sed ne suspitio quidem potuit consistere,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 152; cf. id. Clu. 29, 78:

confiteor... me consistere in meo praesidio sic, ut non fugiendi hostis sed capiendi loci causā cessisse videar,

id. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

vitam consistere tutam,

to remain, continue safe, Lucr. 6, 11 Lachm. N. cr.:

constitit in nullā qui fuit ante color,

Ov. A. A. 1, 120:

sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 68:

quales cum vertice celso Aëriae quercus constiterunt,

Verg. A. 3, 679:

nullo in loco, nullā in personā... consistunt (ista quae vires atque opes humanae vocantur),

Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 7: spes est hunc miserum aliquando tandem posse consistere, to take a firm stand (the figure derived from fleeing soldiers), Cic. Quint. 30, 94:

si prohibent consistere vires,

Ov. M. 7, 573.—

Cum aliquo, to agree with: videsne igitur Zenonem tuum cum Aristone verbis consistere, re dissidere, cum Aristotele et illis re consentire, verbis discrepare, Cic. Fin. 4, 26, 72.—

In gen., to be, exist:

vix binos oratores laudabiles constitisse,

Cic. Brut. 97, 333:

sine agricultoribus nec consistere mortales nec ali posse manifestum est,

Col. 1, praef. § 6; Varr. R. R. 3, 8 fin.:

quadringentis centum Venerios non posse casu consistere,

to occur, lake place, be thrown, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 48: summa studia officii inter nos certatim constiterunt, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 3: sed non in te quoque constitit idem Exitus, take or have place, Ov. M. 12, 297.—

With in, ex, or the simple abl. (in Quint. also with circa and inter; v. infra), to consist in or of, to depend upon:

major pars victūs eorum in lacte, caseo, carne consistit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

omnis per se natura duabus Constitit in rebus,

Lucr. 1, 420:

e quibus haec rerum summa consistat,

id. 1, 236; so with ex, id. 1, 839; 1, 873 al.; with abl.:

deveniunt in talis disposturas, Qualibus haec rerum consistit summa,

id. 1, 1028; 5, 61; 5, 66:

vita omnis in venationibus atque in studiis rei militaris consistit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

in eo salus et vita optimi cujusque consistit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 8, 19:

in hoc summa judicii causaque tota consistit,

id. Quint. 9, 32; cf. id. de Or. 1, 40, 182:

causam belli in personā tuā,

id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:

in quibus vita beata,

id. Tusc. 5, 14, 40:

in unā honestate omne bonum,

id. ib. 5, 14, 42:

in nomine controversia,

Quint. 7, 3, 7; 8, 3, 57:

in actu rhetoricen,

id. 2, 18, 2; 6, 3, 42:

spes omnis consistebat Datami in se locique naturā,

Nep. Dat. 8, 3.—With abl., Quint. 12, 10, 59:

omnis quaestio circa res personasque consistere videtur,

id. 3, 5, 7; 6, 3, 19:

quaestio inter utile atque honestum consistet,

id. 3, 8, 24. —

As opp. to progressive motion, to come to a stand, stand still, stop, rest, take rest, cease:

sola Ubi quiesco, omnis familiae causa consistit tibi,

Plaut. As. 3, 1, 9:

omnis administratio belli consistit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

vel concidat omne caelum omnisque terra consistat necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

forensium rerum labor et ambitionis occupatio constitisset,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

usura,

id. Att. 6, 1, 7: diarroia, id. Fam. 7, 26, 2; cf.:

videndum, morbus an increscat, an consistat, an minuatur,

remains unchanged, Cels. 3, 2; and:

cursus pituitae,

id. 6, 6:

cum ad Trebiam terrestre constitisset bellum,

Liv. 21, 49, 1:

cum bellum Ligustinum ad Pisas constitisset,

id. 35, 4, 1; 22, 32, 4:

infractaque constitit ira,

Ov. M. 6, 627:

Gaius ejusque posteri in equestri ordine constitere usque ad Augusti patrem,

Suet. Aug. 2; cf.:

maledictum, quod intra verba constitit,

stopped at, went no farther than, Quint. Decl. 279.

a. = constituo formerly stood Lucr. 6, 11; Sall. J. 49, 6; but these passages are corrected in recent editions. It is now found only Gell. 5, 10, 9, a doubtful passage, where Hertz reads: cum ad judices coniiciendae [consistendae] causae gratiā venissent.

con-tĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. and n. [teneo].

Act., to hold or keep together.

In gen. (rare).

Lit. (syn.:

coërceo, conjungo): contine quaeso caput,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 26:

quod omnem continet amplexu terram,

Lucr. 5, 319; cf.:

mundus omnia conplexu suo coërcet et continet,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 58:

vitem levi nodo,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 187:

magni refert primordia saepe cum quibus... contineantur,

Lucr. 1, 818; 1, 908; 2, 761;

2, 1008: pars oppidi, mari dijuncta angusto, ponte adjungitur et continetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117.—

Of places, to bound, limit, enclose (very rare in act.):

reliquum spatium mons continet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38:

Oceanus ponto qua continet orbem,

Tib. 4, 1, 147; but more freq. in pass., to be comprised, enclosed, surrounded, encompassed, environed by:

qui vicus altissimis montibus undique continetur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1; so,

undique loci naturā Helvetii,

id. ib. 1, 2:

mare montibus angustis,

id. ib. 4, 23:

una pars Galliae Garumnā flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum,

id. ib. 1, 1.—

Trop.:

omnes artes quasi cognatione quādam inter se continentur,

hang together, Cic. Arch. 1, 2.—Far more freq. in all periods and species of composition.,

With partic. access. ideas.

With the access. idea of firmness, quiet, permanence, etc., to hold or keep together, to keep, hold fast, preserve, retain (syn. servo).

Lit.:

(alvus) arcet et continet... quod recepit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136:

merces (opp. partiri),

id. Vatin. 5, 12; cf.

exercitum (opp. dividere),

Liv. 28, 2, 16:

arida continent odorem diutius,

Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 39.—

Trop.:

nec ulla res vehementius rem publicam continet quam fides,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

Remos reliquosque Belgas in officio,

Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

in officio Dumnorigem,

id. ib. 5, 7:

te in exercitatione,

Cic. Fam. 7, 19 fin.:

te in tuis perenuibus studiis,

id. Brut. 97, 332:

ceteros in armis (plaga),

Liv. 9, 41, 15:

alicujus hospitio,

Nep. Lys. 1, 5.—

With the access. idea of hindering, preventing motion, to keep, keep still, detain, restrain, repress, enclose.

Lit.: milites [p. 449] sub pellibus, Caes. B. G. 3, 29; cf.:

pecudem sub tecto,

Col. 7, 10, 3:

exercitum castris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 11; Liv. 31, 26, 6; 28, 9, 14 al.; cf.:

nostros in castris (tempestates),

Caes. B. G. 4, 34; 6, 36; and:

copias in castris,

id. B. C. 1, 66; 3, 30; Auct. B. Afr. 1; 7; Liv. 36, 17, 9:

Pompeium quam angustissime,

Caes. B. C. 3, 45:

aliquem limine,

Liv. 34, 1, 5:

ora frenis,

Phaedr. 3, 6, 7:

ventos carcere,

Ov. M. 11, 432:

animam in dicendo,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261 et saep.:

se ruri,

to stay, remain, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 17; cf.:

se domi,

Suet. Caes. 81:

suo se loco,

Caes. B. G. 4, 34:

oppido sese,

id. ib. 2, 30:

castris se continere,

id. B. C. 3, 37:

se vallo,

id. B. G. 5, 44:

se finibus Romanis,

Liv. 39, 17, 4; 34, 58, 3:

moenibus sese,

id. 42, 7, 4:

agrorum suorum terminis se,

id. 38, 40, 2:

se moenibus,

Ov. M. 13, 208:

sese intra silvas,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18:

suos intra munitionem,

id. ib. 5, 57;

5, 58: milites intra castrorum vallum,

id. B. C. 3, 76; Liv. 31, 34, 9;

Auct. B. Afr. 24: intra castra militem,

Tac. H. 4, 19:

praesidibus provinciarum propagavit imperium, ut a peritis et assuetis socii continerentur,

Suet. Aug. 23 et saep.:

an te auspicium commoratum est? an tempestas continet?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 67.—

Trop., to hold back, detain, repress, hold in check, curb, check, stay, stop, tame, subdue, etc. (syn. cohibeo):

adpetitiones animi,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 22:

omnis cupiditates,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32:

modeste insolentiam suam,

id. Agr. 1, 6, 18:

risum,

id. Fin. 4, 25, 71 et saep.:

formido mortales omnes,

Lucr. 1, 151:

Etruriam non tam armis quam judiciorum terrore,

Liv. 29, 36, 10:

oppida magis metu quam fide,

id. 30, 20, 5; cf.:

quosdam continet metus,

Quint. 1, 3, 6:

solo metu,

id. 12, 7, 2 et saep.:

animum a consuetā libidine,

Sall. J. 15, 3:

temeritatem ab omni lapsu (with cohibere),

Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 45:

suos a proelio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

manum juventus Metu deorum,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 37 al.:

se ab adsentiendo,

Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104; so,

se ab exemplis,

id. Fin. 2, 19, 62:

temperans, qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit,

id. Par. 3, 1, 21:

se male continet amens,

Ov. M. 4, 351:

male me, quin vera faterer, Continui,

id. ib. 7, 729:

nequeo continere quin loquar,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 28.—

Mid.: contineri, quin complectar, non queo,

restrain myself, refrain, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 128; cf.:

vix me contineo, quin, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 20:

jam nequeo contineri,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf.:

vix contineor,

Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 9:

quae vera audivi, taceo et contineo optime,

keep it to myself, conceal it, id. Eun. 1, 2, 23:

ea quae continet, neque adhuc protulit, explicet nobis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 206:

dicta,

id. ib. 2, 55, 222.—

With the access. idea of containing, to comprise, contain, involve, comprehend something in itself (syn. complector):

(aqua gelum) quod continet in se, mittit,

Lucr. 6, 877; cf.:

ut omnia, quae aluntur et crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23; so,

in se,

Quint. 1, 6, 31; 2, 10, 2:

Quattuor aeternus genitalia corpora mundus Continet,

Ov. M. 15, 240:

rem militarem,

Liv. 5, 52, 16:

panis innumeras paene continet medicinas,

Plin. 22, 25, 68, § 138:

(linea) centum continet (pedes),

Quint. 1, 10, 44:

Idus Martiae magnum mendum continent,

Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2:

paucas species (vox),

Quint. 11, 3, 18:

tales res, quales hic liber continet,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 1:

narrationes, quae summam criminis contineant,

Quint. 4, 2, 10:

fabula stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

liber primus ea continebit, quae, etc., Quint. prooem. § 21: tertia epistula continebat, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 9, 28, 5.—With subj.-clause:

quando ipsos loqui deceat, quartus liber continet,

Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Esp. freq.,

In pass.: contineri aliquā re, to be contained in something, be composed of, consist of or in, to rest upon, to be supported by, etc.:

terreno corpore,

Lucr. 1, 1085:

non venis et nervis et ossibus continentur (dii),

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis penitusque perspectis... rebus contineretur,

id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

forma honestatis, quae tota quattuor his virtutibus... continetur,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 48:

versus paucis (pedibus) continetur,

Quint. 9, 4, 60: quae philosophorum libris continentur, id. prooem. § 11; cf. id. 5, 10, 111 et saep.: artes, quae conjecturā continentur et sunt opinabiles, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

foedere,

Liv. 41, 23, 9:

actu,

Quint. 2, 18, 5; 12, 9, 1; 3, 7, 28.—Rarely with in and abl.:

forum, in quo omnis aequitas continetur,

Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2; cf.:

quibus (legibus) in singulis civitatibus res publica continetur,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23.—

Neutr., to hold together in itself, to hang together (in the verb. finit. very rare; but freq. as P. a.; cf. also the deriv. continuus):

per hortum utroque commeatus continet,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 43.—Hence,

contĭnens, entis, P. a.

(Acc. to II.) Holding or hanging together (freq. and class.).

Bordering upon, neighboring, contiguous, lying near, adjacent (syn.: junctus, adjunctus, contiguus); constr. with dat., cum, or absol.

Prop.:

aër mari,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 117:

continentia atque adjuncta praedia huic fundo,

id. Caecin. 4, 11:

(mare) dissimile est proximo ei continenti,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105 al.:

Cappadociae pars ea, quae cum Cilicià continens est,

id. Fam. 15, 2, 2:

(Morini) continentes silvas ac paludes habebant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28; cf. so absol.:

parum locuples continente ripā,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 22; cf.:

pars eorum, qui propiores erant continenti litori,

Liv. 44, 28, 12.— Subst.: contĭnentĭa, ĭum, n. (sc. loca), adjoining places, the neighborhood:

Cherronesum et continentia usque Atho montem,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 215 al.:

urbis,

the suburbs, Dig. 50, 16, 147.—

Trop., in time, following, next:

continentibus diebus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84;

and of other abstract things: motus sensui junctus et continens,

Cic. N. D. 1, 11, 26:

timori perpetuo ipsum malum continens fuit,

followed at its heels, Liv. 5, 39, 8.—

Holding together, cohering in itself, connected, continuous, uninterrupted.

Prop.:

continens agmen migrantium,

Liv. 1, 29, 4:

agmen,

id. 2, 50, 7; 8, 8, 13 al.:

ruinae,

id. 21, 8, 5; terra, the mainland, continent, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 274, 6; Nep. Them. 3, 2; and in the same sense far more freq. subst.: contĭnens, entis, f. (rarely masc., Curt. 4, 2, 1 Zumpt, dub.; abl. in e and i equally used;

v. the 4th and 5th books of Caes. B. G.),

Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 4, 28; 4, 31; 4, 36 bis et saep.; Nep. Milt. 7, 3; Liv. 35, 43, 4; Plin. 5, 31, 34, § 128; Suet Aug. 65; id. Tib. 40 et saep.—

Trop., in time, continual, consecutive, uninterrupted:

labor omnium dierum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63; Liv. 42, 54, 3:

bella,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

imperium usque ad nos,

Liv. 7, 30, 8:

imber per noctem totam,

id. 23, 44, 6:

biduo,

Suet. Calig. 19:

febres sine intermissione,

Cels. 3, 5 fin.:

e continenti genere,

in continuous descent, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61:

spiritus,

id. de Or. 3, 57, 216 et saep.: ex continenti (sc. tempore), instantly, immediately, = continuo, statim, Just. 1, 9; so,

in continenti,

Dig. 44, 5, 1.—

(Acc. to I. B. 2. b.) That restrains his passions, continent, moderate, temperate, enkratês (rare, but in good prose):

continentior in vitā hominum quam in pecuniā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 23:

cum reges tam sint continentes, multo magis consularis esse oportere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 1:

puer,

id. Att. 6, 6, 3:

Epaminondas,

Nep. Epam. 3, 2 al. — Sup., Cic. Par. 1, 1, 7; Suet. Aug. 71.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) In rhet., subst.: contĭnens, entis, n., that on which something rests or depends, the chief point, hinge:

causae,

Cic. Part. Or. 29, 103; id. Top. 25, 95:

intuendum videtur, quid sit quaestio, ratio, judicatio, continens, vel ut alii vocant, firmamentum,

Quint. 3, 11, 1; cf. id. ib. § 18 sqq.— Adv.: contĭnen-ter.

(Acc. to A. 2.)

In space, in unbroken succession, in a row. continenter sedetis, Cat. 37, 6.—More freq. and class.,

In time, continuously, without interruption:

totā nocte ierunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

jam amplius horis sex pugnaretur,

id. ib. 3, 5:

biduum lapidibus pluit,

Liv. 25, 7, 7:

usque ad ipsum negotium,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 37:

ferri imagines,

id. N. D. 1, 39, 109.—

(Acc. to B.) Temperately, moderately (rare):

vivere,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 106; in sup.:

vivere,

Aug. Ep. 199; id. Conf. 6, 12.—Hence also,

contentus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 2. b.); medial., satisfying one's self with, contented, satisfied, content (freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. in gen. with the abl.; more rarely absol.; after the Aug. per. very freq. with the inf.

With abl.: his versibus, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 264, 3:

suis rebus,

Cic. Par. 6, 3, 51:

paucis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 16:

illā (sorte),

id. ib. 1, 1, 3:

viverem uti contentus eo quod mī ipse parasset,

id. ib. 1, 4, 108; cf. Suet. Aug. 82:

solā Dianā,

Verg. A. 11, 582.—

Absol.:

cum ipsum audires sine comparatione, non modo contentus esses, sed melius non quaereres,

Cic. Brut. 35, 134; so comp., Plaut. Poen. 2, 15.—

With inf.:

indagare,

Ov. M. 1, 461:

edidicisse,

id. ib. 2, 638:

retinere titulum provinciae,

Vell. 2, 49:

hostes sustinuisse,

id. 2, 112:

indicare,

Quint. 4, 2, 128:

ostendere,

id. 5, 10, 31:

id consequi, quod imiteris,

id. 10, 2, 7 et saep.— Adv.: contentē (ante-and post-class., and rare), in a restrained manner, closely:

arte contenteque habere aliquem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63:

parce contenteque vivere,

Pacat. Pan. Theod. 13.

crūdus, a, um, adj. [root kru-, of Gr. kruos; cf. cruor, crudelis], bloody, bleeding, trickling with blood, etc.

Prop. (so rare):

vulnus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11:

vulnera,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—

Transf.

Of food, raw, not cooked: quid tu curas, utrum [p. 485] crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

exta,

Liv. 29, 27, 5:

carnem mandere,

Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of undigested food:

pavo,

Juv. 1, 143; cf.

trop.: lectio non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

Quint. 10, 1, 19;

and, alvus,

Cato, R. R. 125:

qui crudum ructat,

i. e. when undigested food rises in the stomach, Cels. 1, 2; v. ructo.— Transf., of persons suffering from indigestion, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61:

crudior,

Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. cruditas; so,

bos,

Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a pun, Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—

In gen., of all physical or moral crudeness, immaturity, roughness, etc.

Lit.

Unripe, immature, crude:

poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et cocta, decidunt,

Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

pruna (opp. maturissima),

Col. 12, 10, 3:

muria (opp. matura),

id. 12, 6, 2 al.:

palmes,

Luc. 4, 317 (viridis, Schol.);

of an abscess,

not mature, Cels. 5, 28, 11:

puella,

Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12:

funera nepotis,

premature, early, Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478:

amor,

yet young, fresh, id. Th. 2, 341; cf.:

crudum adhuc servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.:

adhuc studia,

Petr. 4:

crudi sine viribus anni,

Sil. 12, 348:

juventus,

not yet armed, id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—

Opp. to age, and the weakness arising from age, fresh, vigorous:

jam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus,

Verg. A. 6, 304;

imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac viridis senectus,

Tac. Agr. 29: cf.

meus,

Sil. 5, 569.—

Unprepared, immature, raw, crude:

crudum et immotum solum,

Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179:

pix,

Col. 12, 20, 6:

corium,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for which, poet., taurus, Val. Fl. 4, 250;

and, caestus,

made of raw hide, undressed leather, Verg. A. 5, 69:

rudis cortice crudo hasta,

id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, unpolished, rude:

junctura addita crudis (numeris),

Pers. 1, 92 (cf.:

si forte aliquid decoctius audis,

id. 1, 125).—Of the voice, rough, hoarse:

quia crudus fuerit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—

Trop.

Raw, not prepared or matured:

ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta memoriae tradatur,

Quint. 10, 1, 19.—

Rough, unfeeling, cruel, merciless ( poet.).

Of personal subjects:

dicat me Crudum virum esse,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240:

Getae,

id. Tr. 5, 3, 8:

cena, crude Thyesta, tua,

Mart. 4, 49, 4:

crudus et leti artifex,

Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,

Of things as subjects:

bella,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58:

ensis,

Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342:

tyrannis,

Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum pistrinum, most rude, uncultivated, Cassius ap. Suet. Aug. 4.— Adv. not in use.

curvus ( - vŏs), a, um, adj. [root kar-, whence korônê; cf.: circus, varus], crooked, curved, bent (opp. rectus; mostly poet.).

Prop.:

aratrum,

Lucr. 5, 933; 6, 1253; Verg. G. 1, 170:

rastri,

Cat. 64, 39:

culter,

Sen. Hippol. 53:

falces,

Verg. G. 1, 508:

calamus,

Cat. 63, 22:

arbor,

Ov. M. 5, 536:

arcus,

id. ib. 9, 114:

dens,

id. Am. 3, 10, 14:

ungues,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; Hor. Epod. 5, 93:

lyra,

id. C. 1, 10, 6; 3, 28, 11:

crinale,

Ov. M. 5, 53:

(equi) alvus,

Verg. A. 2, 51:

carinae,

id. G. 1, 360:

cavernae,

id. A. 3, 674:

rates,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 29:

litora,

Cat. 64, 74; Verg. A. 3, 223; Hor. C. 4, 5, 14; id. Epod. 10, 21; Ov. M. 11, 352; cf.

spatium,

Sall. H. 4, 20 Dietsch:

flumen,

winding, crooked, Verg. G. 2, 12; Ov. M. 3, 342:

aquae,

id. F. 3, 520:

aequor,

rising on high, boisterous, id. M. 11, 505 al. —Of persons:

ita te adgerundā curvom aquā faciam, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 36:

arator,

bent, stooping, Verg. E. 3, 42; and of one bent by age:

anus,

Prop. 2 (3), 18, 20:

membra,

Ov. M. 3, 276:

senecta,

id. A. A. 2, 670:

caelator,

Juv. 9, 145:

vel gibberosi vel curvi,

Dig. 21, 1, 3.—

Trop., crooked, wrong, perverse:

mores,

Pers. 3, 52.— Subst.: curvum, i, n., that which is crooked or wrong (opp. rectum):

scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 44:

rectum discernis, ubi inter Curva subit,

Pers. 4, 12:

invenimus qui curva corrigeret,

set every thing right, Plin. Ep. 5, 8 (21), 6:

hic nobis curva corriget?

Sen. Apoc. 8 fin.

curvus ( - vŏs), a, um, adj. [root kar-, whence korônê; cf.: circus, varus], crooked, curved, bent (opp. rectus; mostly poet.).

Prop.:

aratrum,

Lucr. 5, 933; 6, 1253; Verg. G. 1, 170:

rastri,

Cat. 64, 39:

culter,

Sen. Hippol. 53:

falces,

Verg. G. 1, 508:

calamus,

Cat. 63, 22:

arbor,

Ov. M. 5, 536:

arcus,

id. ib. 9, 114:

dens,

id. Am. 3, 10, 14:

ungues,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; Hor. Epod. 5, 93:

lyra,

id. C. 1, 10, 6; 3, 28, 11:

crinale,

Ov. M. 5, 53:

(equi) alvus,

Verg. A. 2, 51:

carinae,

id. G. 1, 360:

cavernae,

id. A. 3, 674:

rates,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 29:

litora,

Cat. 64, 74; Verg. A. 3, 223; Hor. C. 4, 5, 14; id. Epod. 10, 21; Ov. M. 11, 352; cf.

spatium,

Sall. H. 4, 20 Dietsch:

flumen,

winding, crooked, Verg. G. 2, 12; Ov. M. 3, 342:

aquae,

id. F. 3, 520:

aequor,

rising on high, boisterous, id. M. 11, 505 al. —Of persons:

ita te adgerundā curvom aquā faciam, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 36:

arator,

bent, stooping, Verg. E. 3, 42; and of one bent by age:

anus,

Prop. 2 (3), 18, 20:

membra,

Ov. M. 3, 276:

senecta,

id. A. A. 2, 670:

caelator,

Juv. 9, 145:

vel gibberosi vel curvi,

Dig. 21, 1, 3.—

Trop., crooked, wrong, perverse:

mores,

Pers. 3, 52.— Subst.: curvum, i, n., that which is crooked or wrong (opp. rectum):

scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 44:

rectum discernis, ubi inter Curva subit,

Pers. 4, 12:

invenimus qui curva corrigeret,

set every thing right, Plin. Ep. 5, 8 (21), 6:

hic nobis curva corriget?

Sen. Apoc. 8 fin.

curvus ( - vŏs), a, um, adj. [root kar-, whence korônê; cf.: circus, varus], crooked, curved, bent (opp. rectus; mostly poet.).

Prop.:

aratrum,

Lucr. 5, 933; 6, 1253; Verg. G. 1, 170:

rastri,

Cat. 64, 39:

culter,

Sen. Hippol. 53:

falces,

Verg. G. 1, 508:

calamus,

Cat. 63, 22:

arbor,

Ov. M. 5, 536:

arcus,

id. ib. 9, 114:

dens,

id. Am. 3, 10, 14:

ungues,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; Hor. Epod. 5, 93:

lyra,

id. C. 1, 10, 6; 3, 28, 11:

crinale,

Ov. M. 5, 53:

(equi) alvus,

Verg. A. 2, 51:

carinae,

id. G. 1, 360:

cavernae,

id. A. 3, 674:

rates,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 29:

litora,

Cat. 64, 74; Verg. A. 3, 223; Hor. C. 4, 5, 14; id. Epod. 10, 21; Ov. M. 11, 352; cf.

spatium,

Sall. H. 4, 20 Dietsch:

flumen,

winding, crooked, Verg. G. 2, 12; Ov. M. 3, 342:

aquae,

id. F. 3, 520:

aequor,

rising on high, boisterous, id. M. 11, 505 al. —Of persons:

ita te adgerundā curvom aquā faciam, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 36:

arator,

bent, stooping, Verg. E. 3, 42; and of one bent by age:

anus,

Prop. 2 (3), 18, 20:

membra,

Ov. M. 3, 276:

senecta,

id. A. A. 2, 670:

caelator,

Juv. 9, 145:

vel gibberosi vel curvi,

Dig. 21, 1, 3.—

Trop., crooked, wrong, perverse:

mores,

Pers. 3, 52.— Subst.: curvum, i, n., that which is crooked or wrong (opp. rectum):

scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 44:

rectum discernis, ubi inter Curva subit,

Pers. 4, 12:

invenimus qui curva corrigeret,

set every thing right, Plin. Ep. 5, 8 (21), 6:

hic nobis curva corriget?

Sen. Apoc. 8 fin.

dē-lībĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [de and libro, libra; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 74, 1 Müll.: deliberare a libella, qua quid perpenditur dictum], to weigh well in one's mind, to consider maturely, deliberate respecting a thing; to take counsel, consult, advise upon (freq. and class.; for syn. cf. cogito, agito, volvo, reputo, perpendo, meditor, commentor, consulo).

Prop.

In gen.:

re deliberata, post diem tertium ad Caesarem reversuros,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9; so,

re deliberata,

id. B. C. 1, 10:

delibera hoc, dum ego redeo,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42:

de summa rerum deliberare,

Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

de geographia etiam atque etiam,

Cic. Att. 2, 7:

de necanda filia,

Suet. Aug. 65:

de singulis articulis temporum,

id. Claud. 4 al.:

deliberare Velitne an non,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 58:

utrum... an (with concoquere),

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45:

an recipiat,

Quint. 7, 1, 24; cf.:

quando incipiendum sit,

id. 12, 6, 3:

ego amplius deliberandum censeo,

Ter. Ph. 2, 4, 17; so absol., Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.; Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; Quint. 3, 8, 35 sq.; Vulg. 2 Reg. 21, 13 al.:

cum aliquo de salute fortunisque alicujus,

Cic. Att. 11, 3; Liv. 32, 34; cf.:

cum judicibus quasi deliberamus,

Quint. 9, 2, 21:

cum cupiditate id est cum animi levissima parte deliberat,

takes counsel of, Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 115:

cum materia,

Quint. 3, 7, 16:

cum causis,

id. 7, 10, 10:

cum re praesenti,

id. 9, 4, 117.— Pass. impers.:

deliberatur de Avarico in communi concilio, incendi placeret an defendi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 3:

ut utri potissimum consulendum sit deliberetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 174 al. — Prov.:

deliberando saepe perit occasio,

Pub. Syr. 140 (Rib.):

deliberandum est saepe, statuendum est semel,

id. 132.—

In partic.

(Like consulo, no. I. B. 1.) To consult an oracle (only in Nepos):

ex his delecti Delphos deliberatum missi sunt... his consulentibus, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 1, 2:

so with consulere,

id. Them. 2, 6.—

Pass. impers.: deliberari, to be maturely discussed, hence to be in doubt, usually with potest, non potest, etc.:

ex eo deliberari poterit, ducenda necne alvus sit,

Cels. 3, 13, § 12:

neque maneatis aut abeatis deliberari potest,

i. e. you must certainly go away, Liv. 7, 35, 8:

M. Aemilius, qui pejor an ignavior sit, deliberari non potest,

Sall. Hist. Fr. 1, 48, 3. Cf.: nemo deliberat, no one doubts, etc., Min. Fel. 35, 4. —

Meton. (causa pro effectu), to resolve, determine, after deliberation (rare in the verb. finit.; usually in the part. perf., with inf. or acc. and inf.):

quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1: (Cleopatra) deliberata morte ferocior, * Hor. Od. 1, 37, 29: certum ac deliberatum est me illis obsequi, Turpil. ap. Non. 282, 11, and 429, 21;

so with certum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

cum mihi deliberatum et constitutum sit ita gerere consulatum, etc.,

id. Agr. 1, 8, 25:

sic habuisti statutum cum animo ac deliberatum, omnes judices reicere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 41: deliberatum est non tacere amplius, Afran. ap. Interpr. Verg. A. 10, 564.—Hence, dēlībĕrātus, a, um, P. a., resolved upon, determined, certain (rare):

neque illi quicquam deliberatius fuit quam me... evertere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

instructius deliberatiusque,

Gell. 1, 13, 9.

dē-scendo, di, sum, 3 ( perf. redupl.: descendidit, Valer. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 4 fin.; and, descendiderant, Laber. ib.; perf.: desciderunt, Inscr. Frat. Arv. 13 Henzen.), v. n., to come down; and of inanimate subjects, to fall, sink down, to descend, opp. to ascendo (class. and freq.).

Lit.

In gen.:

ex equo,

to alight, Cic. de Sen. 10, 34; Auct. B. Hisp. 15, 2;

for which, equo,

Sall. Hist. Fragm. 5, 13:

sicut monte descenderat,

id. J. 50, 2:

e curru,

Suet. Tib. 20:

e tribunali,

id. Claud. 15:

de rostris,

Cic. Vatin. 11:

de templo,

Liv. 44, 45:

de caelo,

id. 6, 18;

for which, caelo,

Hor. Od. 3, 4, 1:

e caelo,

Juv. 11, 27:

caelo ab alto,

Verg. A. 8, 423; cf.:

vertice montis ab alto,

id. ib. 7, 675; and:

ab Histro (Da cus),

id. G. 2, 497:

ab Alpibus,

Liv. 21, 32, 2; 27, 38, 6:

monte,

Verg. A. 4, 159:

aggeribus Alpinis atque arce Monoeci,

id. ib. 6, 831:

antro Castalio,

Ov. M. 3, 14:

per clivum,

id. F. 1, 263 et saep.—Indicating the terminus ad quem:

in mare de caelo,

Lucr. 6, 427:

Juppiter in terras,

id. 6, 402:

in pon tum,

Sil. 1, 607; 15, 152; cf.:

caelo in hibernas undas,

Verg. G. 4, 235:

caelo ad suos honores templaque, etc.,

Ov. F. 5, 551:

in aestum,

Lucr. 6, 402:

in inferiorem ambulationem,

Cic. Tusc. 4:

in campos,

Liv. 6, 737; cf. Curt. 9, 9:

in Piraeum,

Quint. 8, 6, 64 et saep.:

ad naviculas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 48 fin.:

ad genitorem imas Erebi descendit ad umbras,

Verg. A. 6, 404:

sinus vestis infra genua,

Curt. 6, 5 et saep. Poet. also with dat.:

nocti, i. e. ad inferos,

Sil. 13, 708; cf.

Erebo,

id. 13, 759.—With sup.:

per quod oraculo utentes sciscitatum deos descendunt,

Liv. 45, 27, 8.— Absol.:

turbo descendit,

Lucr. 6, 438; cf. Verg. E. 7, 60:

asta ut descendam (sc. ex equo),

dismount, alight, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 120; Suet. Galb. 18:

descendens (sc. e lecto),

Tib. 1, 5, 41:

descendo (sc. de arce),

Verg. A. 2, 632:

umbrae descendentes (sc. ad inferos),

Stat. S. 5, 5, 41.— Poet.: trepidi quoties nos descendentis arenae vidimus in partes, i. e. that seemed to sink as the wild beasts rose from the vaults, Calp. Ecl. 7, 69.—

In partic.

To go down, to go, to come, sc. from the dwelling-houses (which in Rome were mostly situated on eminences) to the forum, the comitia, etc.: in forum descendens, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 267; so, ad forum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 538, 26; Q. Cic. Petit. cons. 14; Valer. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9 fin.; Liv. 24, 7; 34, 1; cf.:

fuge, quo descendere gestis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 5;

Orell. ad loc.: ad comitia,

Suet. Caes. 13 al.:

de palatio et aedibus suis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46.— Absol.:

hodie non descendit Antonius,

Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 2, 38; Liv. 2, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 27 al. —

Transf.:

in causam,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2; Liv. 36, 7; Tac. H. 3, 3:

in partes,

id. A. 15, 50. —

Of land, etc., to sink, fall, slope:

regio,

Val. Fl. 1, 538.—

Of forests whose wood is brought to the plain, Stat. Ach. 2, 115:

Caucasus,

Val. Fl. 7, 55.—

Of water conveyed in pipes, to fall:

subeat descendatque,

Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57; cf.

of the sea: non magis descenderet aequor,

Luc. 5, 338.—

In milit. lang., to march down, sc. from an eminence [p. 555] into the plain:

ex superioribus locis in planitiem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 98; cf. id. ib. 3, 65, 2:

qua (sc. de monte),

Sall. J. 50, 3:

inde (sc. de arce),

Liv. 32, 32; cf. id. 7, 29:

in aequum locum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 53, 2;

for which, in aequum,

Liv. 1, 12:

in campum omnibus copiis,

id. 23, 29:

in plana,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 18:

ad Alexandriam,

Liv. 45, 12 et saep.— Absol., Liv. 44, 5; Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9:

ad laevam,

Sall. J. 55 al. —With supine:

praedatum in agros Romanos,

Liv. 3, 10, 4; 10, 31, 2.—Hence,

Transf.:

in aciem,

to go into battle, to engage, Liv. 8, 8; 23, 29; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 11 al.:

in proelium,

id. ib. 2, 1, 10; Just. 21, 2, 5:

in certamen,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 26:

ad pugnam, ad tales pugnas,

Val. Fl. 3, 518; Juv. 7, 173; Front. Strat. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41;

and even, in bellum,

Just. 15, 4, 21; 38, 8, 1; cf.:

in belli periculum,

id. 15, 1, 2.—

In medic. lang., of the excrements: to pass off, pass through, Cels. 2, 4 fin.:

olera,

id. 1, 6:

alvus,

id. 2, 7.—

Pregn., to sink down, penetrate into any thing (freq. only after the Aug. per.;

not in Cic. and Caes.): ferrum in corpus,

Liv. 1, 41; cf. Sil. 16, 544:

toto descendit in ilia ferro,

Ov. M. 3, 67:

(harundo) in caput,

Luc. 6, 216; cf.:

in jugulos gladiis descendebant (hostes),

Flor. 3, 10, 13:

ense in jugulos,

Claud. B. Get. 601:

in terram (fulmen),

Plin. 2, 55, 56, § 146:

in rimam calamus,

id. 17, 14, 24, § 102:

subjacens soli duritia non patitur in altum descendere (radices), lapathi radix ad tria cubita,

Plin. 19, 6, 31, § 98 et saep.:

toto corpore pestis,

Verg. A. 5, 683:

galeas vetant descendere cristae,

to sink down, Stat. Th. 9, 262. —

In an obscene sense, Catull. 112, 2; Juv. 11, 163.—

Trop.

In gen. (esp. freq. in Quint.), to descend, etc.:

a vita pastorali ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 3 sq.; cf.:

ad aliquem,

Just. 1, 4, 1:

usus in nostram aetatem descendit,

Quint. 1, 11, 18:

(vox) attollitur concitatis affectibus, compositis descendit,

id. 11, 3, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 92:

grammatici omnes in hanc descendent rerum tenuitatem,

id. 1, 4, 7 et saep.:

in omnia familiaritatis officia,

Plin. Pan. 85, 5.— Pass. impers.:

eo contemptionis descensum, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 15, 1 et saep.:

si quid tamen olim Scripseris, in Maeci descendat judicis aures,

Hor. A. P. 387:

si descendere ad ipsum Ordine perpetuo quaeris sunt hujus origo Ilus et Assaracus, etc.,

Ov. M. 11, 754.—

In partic.

(Acc. to no. I. A. 4.) To sink deep into, to penetrate deeply:

quod verbum in pectus Jugurthae altius, quam quisquam ratus erat, descendit,

Sall. J. 11, 7; cf.:

ut altius injuriae quam merita descendant,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1 med.; id. Contr. 1 praef.; Spart. Ant. Get. 6:

cura in animos Patrum,

Liv. 3, 52; cf.:

qui (metus deorum) cum descendere ad animos... non posset,

id. 1, 19:

nemo in sese tentat descendere,

to examine himself, Pers. 4, 23.—

To lower one's self, descend to an act or employment, etc.; to yield, agree to any act, esp. to one which is unpleasant or wrong (freq. in Cic. and Caes.; cf. Orell. ad Cic. Cael. 2, and Fabri ad Liv. 23, 14, 3).—Constr. with ad, very rarely with in or absol.:

senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6:

ad calamitatum societates,

id. Lael. 17, 64:

sua voluntate sapientem descendere ad rationes civitatis non solere,

id. Rep. 1, 6 al.:

ad ejusmodi consilium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 5:

ad innocentium supplicia,

id. ib. 6, 16 fin.:

ad vim atque ad arma,

id. ib. 7, 33:

ad gravissimas verborum contumelias,

id. B. C. 3, 83:

ad accusandum, ad inimicitias,

Cic. Mur. 27, 56; id. Sest. 41, 89; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 1: ad extrema, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

ad frontis urbanae praemia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 11:

preces in omnes,

Verg. A. 5, 782:

videte, quo descendam, judices,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 38; Caes. B. C. 1, 81, 5:

ad intellectum audientis,

Quint. 1, 2, 27:

ad minutissima opera,

id. 1, 12, 14; 4, 2, 15: placet mihi ista defensio;

descendo,

I acquiesce, id. ib. 2, 2, 72.—

(Mostly ante-Aug.) To descend or proceed from any person or thing:

ex gradu ascendentium vel descendentium uxorem ducere,

Dig. 23, 2, 68 et saep.:

quod genus liberalitatis ex jure gentium descendit,

ib. 43, 26, 1; cf. ib. 18, 1, 57 fin.:

a Platone,

Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 111; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 43.—Hence, subst.: dē-scendens, entis, m. and f., a descendant; plur. descendentes, posterity, Dig. 23, 2, 68. —

(In Quint.) To depart, deviate, differ from:

tantum ab eo defluebat, quantum ille (sc. Seneca) ab antiquis descenderat,

Quint. 10, 1, 126; id. 3, 5, 8.

2, 16, 13, § 71; Prud. Apoth. 1075.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

ĕo, īvi or ii (īt, Verg. A. 9, 418 al.; cf.

Lachm. ad Lucr. vol. 2, p. 206 sq.: isse, issem, etc., for ivisse, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 25; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64; id. Phil. 14, 1, 1; Ov. M. 7, 350 et saep.: isti, Turp. ap. Non. 4, 242:

istis,

Luc. 7, 834, etc., v. Neue Formenl. 2, 515), īre ( inf. pass. irier, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 16), ĭtum, v. n. [root i-, Sanscr. ēmi, go; Gr. eimi; causat. hiêmi = jacio, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 403], to go (of every kind of motion of animate or inanimate things), to walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass, etc. (very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).

Lit.

In gen.:

eo ad forum,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 95:

i domum,

id. ib. 5, 2, 71 sq.:

nos priores ibimus,

id. Poen. 3, 2, 34:

i in crucem,

go and be hanged! id. As. 5, 2, 91; cf.:

i in malam crucem,

id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; 4, 7, 86:

i in malam rem hinc,

Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 37:

iens in Pompeianum,

Cic. Att. 4, 9 fin.:

subsidio suis ierunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62, 8:

quom it dormitum,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23; id Most. 3, 2, 4; 16; Hor. S. 1, 6, 119 et saep, cf.:

dormitum, lusum,

id. ib. 1, 5, 48:

cubitum,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27; 5, 4, 8; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23; id. Div. 2, 59, 122 et saep.— Poet. with the acc. of the terminus:

ibis Cecropios portus,

Ov. H. 10, 125 Loers.:

Sardoos recessus,

Sil. 12, 368; cf.:

hinc Afros,

Verg. E. 1, 65.—With a cognate acc.:

ire vias,

Prop. 1, 1, 17:

exsequias,

Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 37:

pompam funeris,

Ov. F. 6, 663 et saep.:

non explorantur eundae vitandaeque viae,

Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 419:

animae ad lumen iturae,

Verg. A. 6, 680:

ego ire in Piraeum volo,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 63; cf.:

visere ad aliquam,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 114; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 52:

videre,

Prop. 1, 1, 12:

ire pedibus,

on foot, Liv. 28, 17:

equis,

id. 1, 15:

curru,

id. 28, 9; Ov. H. 1, 46; cf.:

in equis,

id. A. A. 1, 214:

in raeda,

Mart. 3, 47:

super equos,

Just. 41, 3;

and with equis to be supplied,

Verg. A. 5, 554:

puppibus,

Ov. H. 19, 180; cf.:

cum classe Pisas,

Liv. 41, 17 et saep.:

concedere quo poterunt undae, cum pisces ire nequibunt?

Lucr. 1, 380.—

Of things:

alvus non it,

Cato R. R. 157, 7; so,

sanguis naribus,

Lucr. 6, 1203:

Euphrates jam mollior undis,

Verg. A. 8, 726:

sudor per artus,

id. ib. 2, 174:

fucus in artus,

Lucr. 2, 683:

telum (with volare),

id. 1, 971:

trabes,

i. e. to give way, sink, id. 6, 564 et saep.:

in semen ire (asparagum),

to go to seed, Cato, R. R. 161, 3; so Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 159; cf.:

in corpus (juvenes),

Quint. 2, 10, 5:

sanguis it in sucos,

turns into, Ov. M. 10, 493.—

In partic.

To go or proceed against with hostile intent, to march against:

quos fugere credebant, infestis signis ad se ire viderunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 6:

ad hostem,

Liv. 42, 49:

contra hostem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 67, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 31 fin.:

adversus hostem,

Liv. 42, 49:

in hostem,

id. 2, 6; Verg. A. 9, 424 et saep.; cf.:

in Capitolium,

to go against, to attack, Liv. 3, 17.—

Pregn., to pass away, disappear (very rare):

saepe hominem paulatim cernimus ire,

Lucr. 3, 526; cf. ib. 530; 594.

Trop.

In gen., to go, pass, proceed, move, advance:

ire in opus alienum,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 6:

in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam,

Liv. 1, 23 fin.:

in alteram causam praeceps ierat,

id. 2, 27:

in rixam,

Quint. 6, 4, 13:

in lacrimas,

Verg. A. 4, 413; Stat. Th. 11, 193:

in poenas,

Ov. M. 5, 668 et saep.:

ire per singula,

Quint. 6, 1, 12; cf. id. 4, 2, 32; 7, 1, 64; 10, 5, 21:

ad quem (modum) non per gradus itur,

id. 8, 4, 7 et saep.:

dicite qua sit eundum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 19:

ire infitias, v. infitiae: Latina debent cito pariter ire,

Quint. 1, 1, 14:

aliae contradictiones eunt interim longius,

id. 5, 13, 54: in eosdem semper pedes ire (compositio), [p. 649] id. 9, 4, 142:

cum per omnes et personas et affectus eat (comoedia),

id. 1, 8, 7; cf. id. 1, 2, 13; Juv. 1, 142:

Phrygiae per oppida facti Rumor it,

Ov. M. 6, 146:

it clamor caelo,

Verg. A. 5, 451:

factoque in secula ituro, Laetantur tribuisse locum,

to go down to posterity, Sil. 12, 312; cf.

with a subject-sentence: ibit in saecula, fuisse principem, cui, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 55.—

In partic.

Pub. law t. t.

Pedibus ire, or simply ire in aliquam sententiam, in voting, to go over or accede to any opinion (opp. discedere, v. h. v. II. B. 2. b.):

cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

Liv. 9, 8, 13:

pars major eorum qui aderant in eandem sententiam ibat,

id. 1, 32 fin.; 34, 43; 42, 3 fin.—Pass. impers.:

in quam sententiam cum pedibus iretur,

Liv. 5, 9, 2:

ibatur in eam sententiam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin.:

itum in sententiam,

Tac. A. 3, 23; 12, 48.—And opp. to the above,

Ire in alia omnia, to vote against a bill, v. alius, II.—

Mercant. t. t. for vēneo, to go for, be sold at a certain price, Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 194:

tot Pontus eat, tot Lydia nummis,

Claud. Eutr. 1, 203.—

Pregn., of time, to pass by, pass away:

it dies,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 12; Hor. C. 2, 14, 5; 4, 5, 7:

anni,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 55; cf.:

anni more fluentis aquae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 62.—

With the accessory notion of result, to go, proceed, turn out, happen:

incipit res melius ire quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 14, 15; cf. Tac. A. 12, 68:

prorsus ibat res,

Cic. Att. 14, 20 fin.; Curt. 8, 5:

postquam omnia fatis Caesaris ire videt,

Luc. 4, 144.—Hence the wish: sic eat, so may he fare:

sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,

Liv. 1, 26; Luc. 5, 297 Cort.; 2, 304; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 155. —

Constr. with a supine, like the Gr. mellein, to go or set about, to prepare, to wish, to be about to do any thing:

si opulentus it petitum pauperioris gratiam, etc.,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 69; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 36: quod uti prohibitum irem, quod in me esset, meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. PARSI, p. 242 Müll.; so,

perditum gentem universam,

Liv. 32, 22:

ultum injurias, scelera,

id. 2, 6; Quint. 11, 1, 42:

servitum Grais matribus,

Verg. A. 2, 786 et saep.:

bonorum praemia ereptum eunt,

Sall. J. 85, 42.—Hence the construction of the inf. pass. iri with the supine, in place of an inf. fut. pass.:

mihi omne argentum redditum iri,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 5:

mihi istaec videtur praeda praedatum irier,

id. Rud. 4, 7, 16 et saep.— Poet. also with inf.:

seu pontum carpere remis Ibis,

Prop. 1, 6, 34:

attollere facta regum,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 11:

fateri,

id. Th. 3, 61 al. —

Imp. i, eas, eat, etc., since the Aug. period more freq. a mocking or indignant expression, go then, go now:

i nunc et cupidi nomen amantis habe,

Ov. H. 3, 26; so,

i nunc,

id. ib. 4, 127; 9, 105; 17, 57; id. Am. 1, 7, 35; Prop. 2, 29, 22 (3, 27, 22 M.); Verg. A. 7, 425; Juv. 6, 306 al.:

i, sequere Italiam ventis,

Verg. A. 4, 381; so,

i,

id. ib. 9, 634:

fremunt omnibus locis: Irent, crearent consules ex plebe,

Liv. 7, 6 fin.

ĕō, adv. [old dat. and abl. form of pron. stem i; cf. is].

In locat. and abl. uses,

Of place=in eo loco, there, in that place (rare):

quid (facturus est) cum tu eo quinque legiones haberes?

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 2, 1:

quo loco... ibi... eoque,

Cels. 8, 9, 1:

eo loci,

Tac. A. 15, 74; Plin. 11, 37, 50, § 136; so trop.: eo loci, in that condition:

res erat eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 13, 68; Tac. A. 14, 61; Dig. 5, 1, 52, § 3.—

Of cause=eā re.

Referring to a cause or reason before given, therefore, on that account, for that reason:

is nunc dicitur venturus peregre: eo nunc commenta est dolum,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 66; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 41:

dederam litteras ad te: eo nunc ero brevior,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1; Sall. C. 21, 3; Liv. 8, 8, 8; Tac. H. 2, 65; Nep. Pelop. 1, 3; id. Milt. 2, 3 et saep.—So with conjunctions, eoque, et eo, eo quoque, in adding any thing as a consequence of what precedes, and for that reason:

absolute pares, et eo quoque innumerabiles,

Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

impeditius eoque hostibus incautum,

Tac. A. 1, 50:

per gentes integras et eo feroces,

Vell. 2, 115, 2; Quint. 4, 1, 42 al. —

Referring to a foll. clause, giving

a cause or reason, with quia, quoniam, quod, etc.; so with quia:

eo fit, quia mihi plurimum credo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 124; id. Capt. 1, 1, 2:

nunc eo videtur foedus, quia, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 17; 3, 1, 25:

quia scripseras, eo te censebam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 17, 4; Sall. C. 20, 3; Tac. Agr. 22.—With quoniam:

haec eo notavi, quoniam, etc.,

Gell. 7, 13.—With quod:

quod... non potueritis, eo vobis potestas erepta sit,

Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22; Nep. Eum. 11, 5; Liv. 9, 2, 4; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; so,

neque eo... quod,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 1, 5.—

A purpose, motive or reason, with quo, ut, ne; and after negatives, with quo, quin, and subj. —So with quo:

eo scripsi, quo plus auctoritatis haberem,

Cic. Att. 8, 9, 1; Sall. C. 22, 2; so,

non eo... quo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 16:

neque eo... quo,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51.—With ut:

haec eo scripsi, ut intellegeres,

Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 2; id. de Or. 3, 49, 187; Lact. 4, 5, 9.—With ne: Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 63; Ter. Ph. 5, 1, 17:

quod ego non eo vereor, ne mihi noceat,

Cic. Att. 9, 2; id. Rab. Perd. 3, 9.—With quin:

non eo haec dico, quin quae tu vis ego velim,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 5, 1, 16. —

Of measure or degree—with words of comparison, so much, by so much —followed by quo (= tanto... quanto):

quae eo fructuosiores fiunt, quo calidior terra aratur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 1:

eo gravior est dolor, quo culpa major,

Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2; id. Fam. 2, 19, 1; so with quantum:

quantum juniores patrum plebi se magis insinuabant, eo acrius contra tribuni tendebant, etc.,

Liv. 3, 15, 2; id. 44, 7, 6:

quanto longius abscederent, eo, etc.,

id. 30, 30, 23. —Esp. freq. the formulae, eo magis, eo minus, so much the worse ( the less), followed by quo, quod, quoniam, si, ut, ne:

eo magis, quo tanta penuria est in omni honoris gradu,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 7:

eo minus veritus navibus, quod in littore molli, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 3, 22, 88; id. Att. 15, 9 fin.:

eo magis, quoniam, etc., Cels. praef. p. 14, 12 Müll.: nihil admirabilius fieri potest, eoque magis, si ea sunt in adulescente,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

eo diligentius ut ne parvula quidem titubatione impediremur,

Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12; Cic. Rab. Perd. 3, 9:

ego illa extuli et eo quidem magis, ne quid ille superiorum meminisse me putaret,

id. Att. 9, 13, 3.—

In this combination eo often expresses also the idea of cause (cf. B. 1. supra): hoc probis pretiumst. Eo mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 37: solliciti tamen et anxii sunt;

eoque magis, quod se ipsi continent et coercent,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70;

and some passages may be classed under either head: dederam triduo ante litteras ad te. Eo nunc ero brevior,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1; id. Inv 1, 4, 5; id. Off. 2, 13, 45; id. Fam. 9, 16, 9; Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 8.

In dat. uses.

With the idea of motion, to that place, thither (=in eum locum):

eo se recipere coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 5:

uti eo cum introeas, circumspicias, uti inde exire possit,

Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

eo tela conicere, Auct. B. Afr. 72: eo respicere,

Sall. J. 35, 10; so,

followed by quo, ubi, unde: non potuit melius pervenirier eo, quo nos volumus,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 35:

venio nunc eo, quo me fides ducit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83:

ibit eo quo vis, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 40:

(venit) eo, ubi non modo res erat, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 11; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 21; Vell. 2, 108, 2:

eo, unde discedere non oportuit, revertamur,

Cic. Att. 2, 16, 3; Liv. 6, 35, 2; Sall. C. 60, 2;

so (late Lat.) with loci: perducendum eo loci, ubi actum sit,

Dig. 10, 4, 11, § 1; ib. 47, 2, 3, § 2.—

Transf.

With the idea of addition, thereto, in addition to that, besides:

accessit eo, ut milites ejus, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 4:

accedit eo, quod, etc.,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1.—

With the idea of tendency, to that end, with that purpose, to this result:

hoc autem eo spectabat, ut eam a Philippo corruptam diceret,

Cic. Div. 2, 57, 118:

haec eo pertinet oratio, ut ipsa virtus se sustentare posse videretur,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 12:

hoc eo valebat, ut, etc.,

Nep. Them. 4, 4.—

With the idea of degree or extent, to that degree or extent, so far, to such a point:

eo scientiae progredi,

Quint. 2, 1, 6:

postquam res publica eo magnificentiae venerit, gliscere singulos,

Tac. A. 2, 33; id. H. 1, 16; id. Agr. 28:

eo magnitudinis procedere,

Sall. J. 1, 5; 5, 2; 14, 3:

ubi jam eo consuetudinis adducta res est, ut, etc.,

Liv. 25, 8, 11; 28, 27, 12; 32, 18, 8 al.; Just. 3, 5:

eo insolentiae processit,

Plin. Pan. 16:

eo rerum ventum erat, ut, etc.,

Curt. 5, 12, 3; 7, 1, 35.— With gen., Val. Max. 3, 7, 1 al.; Flor. 1, 24, 2; 2, 18, 12; Suet. Caes. 77; Plin. Pan. 16, 5; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. §

9: eo rem jam adducam, ut nihil divinationis opus sit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

res eo est deducta, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 18, 2; Hor. C. 2, 1, 226; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18.—

Of time, up to the time, until, so long, usually with usque, and followed by dum, donec:

usque eo premere capita, dum illae captum amitterent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 124; Liv. 23, 19, 14; Tac. A. 4, 18:

eo usque flagitatus est, donec ad exitium dederetur,

id. ib. 1, 32; Quint. 11, 3, 53:

eo usque vivere, donec, etc.,

Liv. 40, 8; cf. Col. 4, 24, 20; 4, 30, 4.—Rarely by quamdiu:

eo usque, quamdiu ad fines barbaricos veniretur,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 45.

flŭĭdus (access. form, flŭvĭdus, Lucr. 2, 452; 464 sq.; Sedul. Carm. 4, 186; Sen. Ep. 58, 24), a, um, adj. [fluo], flowing, fluid, moist (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Caes.).

Lit.:

corpus,

Lucr. 2, 452:

quid tam contrarium est quam terrenum fluido?

Col. 8, 16, 1:

liquor,

Verg. G. 3, 484:

cruor,

id. A. 3, 663; Ov. M. 4, 482; cf.:

aspiciam fluidos humano sanguine rictus,

id. ib. 14, 168:

alvus,

Ser. Samm. 29 fin. —

Transf.

In opposition to solid or firm, soft, slack, lax, languid (syn.:

fluxus, languidus): lacerti,

Ov. M. 15, 231; cf.:

labor et aestus mollia et fluida Gallorum corpora decedere pugna coëgit,

Liv. 34, 47, 5:

caro,

Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95:

vestis,

flowing, loose, Just. 41, 2; Sen. Oed. 422.—

Act., dissolving:

calor,

Ov. M. 15, 362.

flŭo, xi, xum, 3 (archaic form of the sup.: FLUCTUM, acc. to Prisc. p. 817 P.; cf.: fluo, fluctum, Not. Tir. From this form are derived fluctio and fluctus. In Lucr. 6, 800, the correct read. is laveris, not flueris, v. Lachm. ad h. l.), v. n. [Gr. phlu-, phlusai, anaphluô, etc.; Lat. fleo, fletus; flumen, fluctus, etc.; orig. one root with fla-, to blow, q. v. and cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 302], to flow (cf.: mano, labor, etc.).

Lit.: per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 177 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

ut flumina in contrarias partes fluxerint,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78:

flumen quod inter eum et Domitii castra fluebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 1; cf.

also: aurea tum dicat per terras flumina vulgo Fluxisse,

Lucr. 5, 911:

fluvius Eurotas, qui propter Lacedaemonem fluit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 96:

Helvetiorum inter fines et Allobrogum Rhodanus fluit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:

Arar in utram partem fluat,

id. ib. 1, 12, 1:

ea, quae natura fluerent atque manarent, ut aqua,

Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: fluens unda, water from a stream (opp.: putealis unda, spring-water), Col. 1, 5, 1:

in foveam,

Lucr. 2, 475; cf. id. 5, 271:

fluxit in terram Remi cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 19; cf. Luc. 6, 61:

imber,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 2:

sanguis,

id. M. 12, 312:

fluit de corpore sudor,

id. ib. 9, 173; cf.:

sudor fluit undique rivis,

Verg. A. 5, 200:

aes rivis,

id. ib. 8, 445:

nudo sub pede musta fluunt,

Ov. R. Am. 190:

madidis fluit unda capillis,

drips, id. M. 11, 656:

cerebrum molle fluit,

id. ib. 12, 435:

fluunt lacrimae more perennis aquae,

id. F. 2, 820:

fluens nausea,

Hor. Epod. 9, 35; cf.:

alvus fluens,

Cels. 2, 6:

fluit ignibus aurum,

becomes fluid, melts, Ov. M. 2, 251.—

Transf.

Of bodies, to flow, overflow, run down, drip with any fluid.— With abl.:

cum fluvius Atratus sanguine fluxit,

Cic. Div. 1, 43, 98; Ov. M. 8, 400:

cruore fluens,

id. ib. 7, 343:

sudore fluentia brachia,

id. ib. 9, 57; cf.:

fluunt sudore et lassitudine membra,

Liv. 38, 17, 7; 7, 33, 14; cf. id. 10, 28, 4:

pingui fluit unguine tellus,

Val. Fl. 6, 360:

vilisque rubenti Fluxit mulctra mero,

overflows, Sil. 7, 190. —Without abl.:

madidāque fluens in veste Menoetes,

Verg. A. 5, 179:

fluentes cerussataeque buccae,

dripping with paint, Cic. Pis. 11, 25 (cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266, 2. b. infra):

Graeculae vites acinorum exiguitate minus fluunt,

i. e. yield but little wine, Col. 3, 2, 24; 3, 2, 5; 12, 52, 1.—With acc. of kin. signif.:

Oenotria vina fluens,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 264.—

To move in the manner of fluids, to flow, stream, pour:

inde alium (aëra) supra fluere,

to flow, Lucr. 5, 514 and 522:

unde fluens volvat varius se fluctus odorum,

id. 4, 675 sq.; cf.:

principio omnibus a rebus, quascumque videmus, Perpetuo fluere ac mitti spargique necesse est Corpora, quae feriant oculos visumque lacessant: Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor a sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris,

id. 6, 922 sq.:

aestus e lapide,

id. 6, 1002:

venti,

id. 1, 280:

fluit undique victor Mulciber,

Sil. 17, 102:

comae per levia colla fluentes,

flowing, spreading, Prop. 2, 3, 13; cf.:

blanditiaeque fluant per mea colla rosae,

id. 4 (5), 6, 72:

vestis fluens,

flowing, loose, id. 3, 17 (4, 16), 32:

tunicisque fluentibus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 301:

nodoque sinus collecta fluentes,

Verg. A. 1, 320; cf.

also: balteus nec strangulet nec fluat,

Quint. 11, 3, 140:

nec mersa est pelago, nec fluit ulla ratis,

floats, is tossed about, Mart. 4, 66, 14:

ramos compesce fluentes,

floating around, spreading out, Verg. G. 2, 370:

ad terram fluit devexo pondere cervix,

droops, id. ib. 3, 524:

omnisque relictis Turba fluit castris,

pour forth, id. A. 12, 444:

olli fluunt ad regia tecta,

id. ib. 11, 236;

so of a multitude or crowd of men: densatis ordinibus effuse fluentem in se aciem excepere,

Curt. 6, 1, 6.—

Pregn., of bodies, to pass away, fall away, to fall off or out, to vanish:

excident gladii, fluent arma de manibus,

Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:

capilli fluunt,

Cels. 6, 1; Plin. 27, 4, 5, § 17:

sponte fluent (poma) matura suā,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 25:

quasi longinquo fluere omnia cernimus aevo,

Lucr. 2, 69; cf.:

cuncta fluunt omnisque vagans formatur imago,

Ov. M. 15, 178: dissolvuntur enim tum demum membra fluuntque, Lucr. 4, 919:

surae fluxere,

Luc. 9, 770:

buccae fluentes,

fallen in, lank, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266.

Trop.

In gen., to flow, spring, arise, come forth; to go, proceed:

ex ejus (Nestoris) lingua melle dulcior fluebat oratio,

Cic. de Sen. 10, 31:

carmen vena pauperiore fluit,

Ov. Pont. 4, 2, 20:

Calidii oratio ita libere fluebat, ut nusquam adhaeresceret,

Cic. Brut. 79, 274:

in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

also: grammatice pleno jam satis alveo fluit,

id. 2, 1, 4:

quae totis viribus fluit oratio,

id. 9, 4, 7:

oratio ferri debet ac fluere,

id. 9, 4, 112.— Transf., of the writer himself:

alter (Herodotus) sine ullis salebris quasi sedatus amnis fluit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf.:

(Lucilius) cum flueret lutulentus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 11; 1, 10, 50; 1, 7, 28:

facetiis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 12:

multa ab ea (luna) manant et fluunt, quibus animantes alantur augescantque,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:

haec omnia ex eodem fonte fluxerunt,

id. ib. 3, 19, 48:

dicendi facultatem ex intimis sapientiae fontibus fluere,

Quint. 12, 2, 6; 5, 10, 19; 5, 9, 14:

omnia ex natura rerum hominumque fluere,

id. 6, 2, 13:

nomen ex Graeco fluxisse,

id. 3, 4, 12:

ab isto capite fluere necesse est omnem rationem bonorum et malorum,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34; Quint. 1, 1, 12:

unde id quoque vitium fluit,

id. 11, 3, 109; 7, 3, 33:

Pythagorae doctrina cum longe lateque flueret,

spread itself, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:

multum fluxisse video de libris nostris variumque sermonem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

sic mihi tarda fluunt ingrataque tempora,

flow, pass, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 23:

in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

going, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90: rebus supra votum fluentibus, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 169 (Hist. 1, 101 Dietsch); Tac. H. 3, 48; Just. 23, 3; cf.:

rebus prospere fluentibus,

succeeding, prospering, Tac. Or. 5; id. A. 15, 5: illius rationes quorsum fluant, proceed, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.:

res fluit ad interregnum,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 11;

cuncta in Mithridatem fluxere,

Tac. A. 11, 9.—

In partic.

Of speech, etc., to flow uniformly, be monotonous:

efficiendum est ne fluat oratio, ne vagetur, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

quod species ipsa carminum docet, non impetu et instinctu nec ore uno fluens,

Tac. A. 14, 16; cf. Cic. Brut. 79.—Pregn., to dissolve, vanish, perish:

qua (voluptate) cum liquescimus fluimusque mollitia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

fluens mollitiis,

Vell. 1, 6, 2; 2, 88, 2:

cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi, nec diutius esse uno et eodem statu,

Cic. Or. 3, 10:

fluit voluptas corporis et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106:

fluentem procumbentemque rem publicam populi Romani restituere,

Vell. 2, 16 fin. —Hence,

fluens, entis, P. a.

Lax, relaxed, debauched, enervated, effeminate:

inde soluti ac fluentes non accipiunt e scholis mala ista, sed in scholas afferunt,

Quint. 1, 2, 8:

Campani fluentes luxu,

Liv. 7, 29, 5:

incessu ipso ultra muliebrem mollitiem fluentes,

Sen. Tranq. 15:

fluentibus membris, incessu femineo,

Aug. Civ. D. 7, 26.—

Of speech,

Flowing, fluent:

sed in his tracta quaedam et fluens expetitur, non haec contorta et acris oratio,

Cic. Or. 20, 66:

lenis et fluens contextus,

Quint. 9, 4, 127.—

Lax, unrestrained:

ne immoderata aut angusta aut dissoluta aut fluens sit oratio,

Cic. Or. 58, 198:

dissipata et inculta et fluens oratio,

id. ib. 65, 220;

and transf. of the speaker: in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes sumus,

Quint. 9, 4, 138.— Adv.: flŭenter, in a flowing, waving manner (very rare):

res quaeque fluenter fertur,

Lucr. 6, 935 (but not ib. 520, where the correct read. is cientur;

v. Lachm.): capillo fluenter undante,

App. M. 2, p. 122, 7. —

fluxus, a, um, P. a. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit., flowing, fluid:

elementa arida atque fluxa, App. de Mundo: sucus,

Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:

vas fluxum pertusumque,

i. e. leaking, Lucr. 6, 20.—

Transf., flowing, loose, slack:

ipsa crine fluxo thyrsum quatiens,

Tac. A. 11, 31:

habena,

Liv. 38, 29, 6:

amictus,

Luc. 2, 362; cf.:

ut cingeretur fluxiore cinctura,

Suet. Caes. 45 fin.:

fluxa arma,

hanging slack, loose, Tac. H. 2, 99.—

Pregn., frail, perishable, weak:

corpora,

Tac. H. 2, 32; cf.:

spadone eviratior fluxo,

Mart. 5, 41, 1:

(murorum) aevo fluxa,

Tac. H. 2, 22. —

Trop.

Lax, loose, dissolute, careless:

animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

Sall. C. 14, 5: cf.:

animi fluxioris esse,

Suet. Tib. 52:

duces noctu dieque fluxi,

Tac. H. 3, 76:

spectaculum non enerve nec fluxum,

Plin. Pan. 33, 1:

fluxa atque aperta securitas,

Gell. 4, 20, 8.—

Pregn., frail, weak, fleeting, transient, perishable:

res nostrae ut in secundis fluxae, ut in adversis bonae,

decayed, impaired, disordered, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 1: hujus belli fortuna, ut in secundis, fluxa;

ut in adversis, bona,

id. ad Brut. 1, 10, 2:

res humanae fluxae et mobiles,

Sall. J. 104, 2:

divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est,

id. C. 1, 4; cf.:

instabile et fluxum,

Tac. A. 13, 19:

fluxa auctoritas,

id. H. 1, 21:

cave fidem fluxam geras,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

fides,

Sall. J. 111, 2; Liv. 40, 50, 5; cf.:

fluxa et vana fides,

unreliable, unstable, id. 28, 6, 11; Tac. H. 2, 75; 4, 23:

studia inania et fluxa,

id. A. 3, 50 fin.:

fluxa senio mens,

id. ib. 6, 38.— Adv.: fluxē, remissly, negligently (post-class. and rare):

more vitae remissioris fluxius agens,

Amm. 18, 7.

frăgĭlis, e, adj. [id.], easily broken, brittle, fragile (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. signif.; cf.: caducus, fluxus).

Lit.:

cadi,

Ov. M. 12, 243:

coryli (with tiliae molles),

id. ib. 10, 93:

rami,

Verg. E. 8, 40:

myrtus,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 16:

ratis,

id. ib. 1, 3, 10; cf.

phaselus,

id. ib. 3, 2, 28:

aes malleis,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 94; cf.:

saccharon dentibus,

id. 12, 8, 17, § 32:

crystalli centrum,

id. 37, 2, 10, § 28:

caput ictibus parvis,

Gell. 6, 1, 11:

tenuior fragiliorque penna scarabaeorum,

Plin. 11, 28, 34, § 97:

ut fragilis glacies interit ira mora,

Ov. A. A. 1, 347.— Poet.:

aquae,

i. e. ice, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 26:

fragiles sonitus chartarum,

i. e. crackling, Lucr. 6, 112:

lauri,

Verg. E. 8, 82:

pollicibus fragiles increpuere manus,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 12; cf. fragor.—

Transf., in gen., weak, perishable, frail (physically or mentally):

fragile corpus animus sempiternus movet,

Cic. Rep. 6, 24 fin.;

in fragili corpore odiosa omnis offensio est,

id. Sen. 18, 65; cf.:

(corpora) fragili natura praedita,

Lucr. 1, 581; and absol.:

fragili quaerens illidere dentem, Offendet solido,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 77: fragilissimus alvus, Att. ap. Non. 193, 26.—Of an effeminate man: Julius et fragilis Pediatia (sarcastically in the fem. gen. instead of Pediatius), qs. the delicate Miss Pediatius, Hor. S. 1, 8, 39:

quis enim confidit, sibi semper id stabile et firmum permansurum, quod fragile et caducum sit?

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86:

res humanae fragiles caducaeque sunt,

id. Lael. 27, 102; id. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.:

divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est,

Sall. C. 1, 4:

fortuna populi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28 fin.:

nec aliud est aeque fragile in homine (quam memoria),

Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90:

nulli vita fragilior (quam homini),

id. 7 praef. § 5; cf.:

(hominum) aevum omne et breve et fragile est,

Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

haud aevi fragilis sonipes,

Sil. 3, 386: anni fragiles et inertior aetas, the frail years (of age), Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 3.— Adv. does not occur.

fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a. [root FUD; Gr. CHU, cheW-, in cheô, cheusô;

Lat. futis, futtilis, ec-futio, re-futo, etc.,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq. ], to pour, pour out, shed.

Lit., of fluids.

In gen.:

(natura terram) sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis Consimilem lactis, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 812:

sanguinem e patera,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46:

novum liquorem (i. e. vinum) de patera,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 3:

vina paterā in aras,

Ov. M. 9, 160; cf.:

vinum inter cornua,

id. ib. 7, 594:

vinum super aequora,

id. ib. 11, 247:

duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho Fundit humi,

Verg. A. 5, 78:

laticem urnis,

Ov. M. 3, 172:

lacrimas,

Verg. A. 3, 348: cf. Ov. M. [p. 793] 5, 540:

fundit Anigros aquas,

pours out, id. ib. 15, 282:

parumne fusum est Latini sanguinis?

shed, spilt, Hor. Epod. 7, 4:

sanguine ob rem publicam fuso,

Sall. H. Fr. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum),

Curt. 10, 5.—Mid.:

memorandum, in septem lacus eum (Strymonem) fundi,

discharges itself, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 38:

ingentibus procellis fusus imber,

pouring, Liv. 6, 8, 7; 6, 32, 6; cf.:

sanguis in corporibus fusus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 310.—

In partic.

Of metals, to make by melting, to melt, cast, found:

exolevit fundendi aeris pretiosi ratio,

Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5; cf. id. 34, 7, 18, § 46:

caldarium (aes) funditur tantum, malleis fragile,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

aere fuso,

id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

vitrum,

id. 34, 14, 42, § 148:

glandes, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 3: Theodorus ipse se ex aere fudit,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83:

ne statuam quidem inchoari, cum ejus membra fundentur,

Quint. 2, 1, 12:

fusis omnibus membris (statuae),

id. 7 praef. §

2: olim quaerere amabam, Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 22.—

In medic. lang.: aliquem, to cause one to have fluid stools, to relax the bowels (opp. comprimere): si compresserit aliquem morbus aut fuderit, Cels. praef. med.; cf. under P. a.—

Transf.

To wet, moisten, bathe with a liquid ( poet. and very rare):

(ossa) niveo fundere lacte,

Tib. 3, 2, 20:

multo tempora funde mero,

id. 1, 7, 50.—

Of things non-fluid.

In gen., to pour forth in abundance, to scatter, cast, hurl; to spread, extend, diffuse:

desectam cum stramento segetem corbibus fudere in Tiberim,

Liv. 2, 5, 3:

picem reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4:

tela,

Val. Fl. 3, 243:

sagittam,

Sil. 7, 647:

(solis) radios per opaca domorum,

Lucr. 2, 115:

quas (maculas) incuria fudit,

has scattered, Hor. A. P. 352:

fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi,

pour themselves forth, rush out, Val. Fl. 1, 611:

se cuncta manus ratibus,

id. 2, 662:

littera fundens se in charta,

Plin. 13, 12, 25, § 81:

luna se fundebat per fenestras,

Verg. A. 3, 152.—Mid.:

ne (vitis) in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

spread out, Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

homines fusi per agros ac dispersi,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

In partic.

With the accessory notion of production, to bring forth, bear or produce (in abundance):

crescunt arbusta et fetus in tempore fundunt,

Lucr. 1, 351; cf.:

terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, quae cum maxima largitate fundit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

flores aut fruges aut bacas,

id. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

frugem,

id. de Sen. 15, 51:

plus materiae (vites),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

cum centesimo Leontini campi fundunt,

id. 18, 10, 21, § 95:

facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

(terra) animal prope certo tempore fudit Omne,

Lucr. 5, 823; cf. ib. 917:

fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti,

Verg. G. 1, 13:

Africa asinorum silvestrium multitudinem fundit,

Plin. 8, 30, 46, § 108: quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. Pis. init.; Verg. A. 8, 139, v. Forbig. ad h. l.—

With the secondary notion of depth or downward direction, to throw or cast to the ground, to prostrate:

(victi hostes) et de jugis, quae ceperant, funduntur,

Liv. 9, 43, 20:

nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora (cervorum) fundat humi,

Verg. A. 1, 193; cf. Ov. M. 13, 85; Sil. 4, 533:

aliquem arcu,

Val. Fl. 1, 446.—In middle force:

fundi in alga,

to lie down, Val. Fl. 1, 252.—Esp. freq. milit. t. t., overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy:

hostes nefarios prostravit, fudit, occidit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27; cf.:

exercitus caesus fususque,

id. ib. 14, 1, 1:

aliquos caedere, fundere atque fugare,

Sall. J. 58, 3:

Gaetulos,

id. ib. 88, 3:

classes fusae fugataeque,

id. ib. 79, 4; cf.:

si vi fudisset cecidissetque hostes,

Liv. 35, 1, 8:

hostes de jugis,

id. 9, 43, 20:

Gallos de delubris vestris,

id. 6, 16, 2:

eas omnes copias a se uno proelio fusas ac superatas esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 8; cf.:

Massilienses crebris eruptionibus fusi,

id. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 2, 6 fin.:

quatuor exercitus Carthaginiensium fudi, fugavi, Hispania expuli,

id. 28, 28, 9; cf. Drak. on 38, 53, 2;

less freq. in a reversed order: alios arma sumentes fugant funduntque,

Sall. J. 21, 2; Vell. 2, 46 fin.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 6, 3:

magnas copias hostium fudit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20:

Sabinos equitatu fudit,

id. Rep. 2, 20:

Armeniorum copias,

id. Arch. 9, 21:

maximas copias parva manu,

Sall. C. 7, 7.

Trop.

Ingen., to pour out or forth, to spread out, extend, display:

imago de corpore fusa,

Lucr. 4, 53:

animam moribundo corpore fudit,

id. 3, 1033; cf. id. 3, 700:

concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit,

Verg. A. 2, 532:

circuli (appellantur), quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum aequabiliter fundebant,

poured out, spread out, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106:

quem secutus Cicero hanc famam latius fudit,

Quint. 11, 2, 14; cf. id. 10, 5, 11:

cum vero causa ea inciderit, in qua vis eloquentiae possit expromi: tum se latius fundet orator,

will display himself, Cic. Or. 36, 125:

superstitio, fusa per gentes,

id. Div. 2, 72 init.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 84:

neque se tanta in eo (Cicerone) fudisset ubertas,

id. 12, 2, 23:

fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua,

riches of expression, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121. —Mid.:

quamquam negant, nec virtutes nec vitia crescere: tamen utrumque eorum fundi quodammodo et quasi dilatari putant,

to be diffused, Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 48; cf.:

modo virtus latius funditur,

Sen. Ep. 74, 27; and:

semper ex eo, quod maximas partes continet latissimeque funditur, tota res appellatur,

id. 5, 30, 92:

saepe in amplificanda re funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

id. Or. 62, 210.—

In partic., of speech, to pour forth, utter:

per quam (arteriam) vox principium a mente ducens percipitur et funditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

e quibus elici vocem et fundi videmus,

id. Tusc. 2, 24, 56:

inanes sonos,

id. ib. 5, 26, 73 (for which:

inani voce sonare,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 48):

sonum,

id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

verba poëtarum more (opp. ratione et arte distinguere),

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris ex tempore,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 194; cf.:

grave plenumque carmen,

id. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

tam bonos septenarios ad tibiam,

id. ib. 1, 44, 107:

physicorum oracula,

id. N. D. 1, 26, 66:

has ore loquelas,

Verg. A. 5, 842:

preces pectore ab imo,

id. ib. 6, 55; so,

preces,

id. ib. 5, 234; Hor. Epod. 17, 53:

mera mendacia,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 33:

jam tu verba fundis hic, sapientia?

you waste, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7:

opprobria rustica,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146:

iras inanes,

Val. Fl. 3, 697:

vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni Fundet opes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121:

preces,

App. M. 11, p. 258, 4; Tac. A. 14, 30; Aug. in Psa. 25, 10 al.—Hence, fūsus, a, um, P. a., spread out, extended, broad, large, copious, diffuse.

Lit.:

(aër) tum fusus et extenuatus sublime fertur, tum autem concretus in nubes cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: fusior alvus, i. e. more relaxed (opp. astrictior), Cels. 1, 3 med.:

toga (opp. restricta),

wide, full, Suet. Aug. 73:

Gallorum fusa et candida corpora,

full, plump, Liv. 38, 21, 9:

campi in omnem partem,

extended, Verg. A. 6, 440; cf.:

non fusior ulli Terra fuit domino,

a broader, larger kingdom, Luc. 4, 670.—

Trop., copious, diffuse; flowing, free:

genus sermonis non liquidum, non fusum ac profluens,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; cf.:

constricta an latius fusa narratio,

Quint. 2, 13, 5:

materia abundantior atque ultra quam oporteat fusa,

id. 2, 4, 7:

ut illud, quod ad omnem honestatem pertinet, decorum, quam late fusum sit, appareat,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 5:

(vox) in egressionibus fusa et securae claritatis (opp. contracta),

unrestrained, free, id. 11, 3, 64:

periodus,

id. 9, 4, 128:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 130:

lingua Graeca prolixior fusiorque quam nostra,

Gell. 2, 26, 7:

in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

plenior Aeschines et magis fusus,

id. 10, 1, 77:

dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus (opp. densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides),

id. 10, 1, 73.— Sup. seems not to occur.— Adv.: fūse.

(Acc. to A.) Spread out, extended:

(manus) fusius paulo in diversum resolvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 97.—

(Acc. to B.) Copiously, at length, diffusely:

quae fuse olim disputabantur ac libere, ea nunc articulatim distincteque dicuntur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36:

multa dicere fuse lateque,

id. Tusc. 4, 26, 57:

fuse lateque dicendi facultas,

id. Or. 32, 113:

fuse et copiose augere et ornate aliquid (opp. brevia et acuta),

id. Fin. 3, 7, 26.— Comp.:

haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius (opp. brevius angustiusque concluduntur),

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

fusius et ornatius rem exponere,

Quint. 4, 2, 128.— Sup. seems not to occur.

fundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [fundus], to lay the bottom, keel, foundation of a thing, to found (syn.: condo, exstruo, etc.).

Lit. (perh. only poet.):

haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est,

i. e. is laid, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44 (v. Ritschl ad h. l.);

dum mea puppis erat validā fundata carinā,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 5; id. H. 16, 111:

Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae,

is founded, Verg. A. 5, 759: sedes saxo vetusto. id. ib. 8, 478:

arces,

id. ib. 4, 260.—

Transf., in gen., to fasten, secure, make firm:

dente tenaci Ancora fundabat naves,

Verg. A. 6, 4:

(genus humanum) Et majoribus et solidis magis ossibus intus Fundatum,

Lucr. 5, 928; 4, 828.—

Trop., to found, establish, fix, confirm (class., esp. in part. perf.; cf.:

firmo, stabilio): illud vero maxime nostrum fundavit imperium et populi Romani nomen auxit, quod, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 13, 31; cf.:

quantis laboribus fundatum imperium,

id. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

qui (rei publicae status) bonorum omnium conjunctione et auctoritate consulatus mei fixus et fundatus videbatur,

id. Att. 1, 16, 6:

accurate non modo fundata verum etiam exstructa disciplina,

id. Fin. 4, 1, 1; cf.:

fundati a doctore,

thoroughly instructed, Lact. 6, 21, 4:

res publica praeclare fundata,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10; cf.:

qui legibus urbem Fundavit,

Verg. A. 6, 810:

in eorum agro sedes fundare Bastarnis,

Liv. 40, 57, 5:

libertatem, salutem, securitatem,

Plin. Pan. 8, 1:

jus civile,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 39:

vacuos Penates prole,

Stat. S. 4, 7, 30; cf.:

thalamos Tritonide nympha,

i. e. to marry, Sil. 2, 65:

partis et fundatis amicitiis,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

fundatae atque optime constitutae opes,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 1; cf.:

nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

well laid out, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

nihil veritate fundatum,

Cic. Fl. 11, 26; cf. Lucr. 5, 161.— Hence, fundātus, a, um, P. a., firm, fixed, grounded, durable (very rare).

Lit.:

quo fundatior erit ex arenato directura, etc.,

Vitr. 7, 3 med.:

si permanetis in fide fundati,

Vulg. Col. 1, 23.—

Trop.: deflevi subitas fundatissimae familiae ruinas, Auct. Or. pro Domo, 36, 96.