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all-impious

  • 1 παναίσυλος

    A all-impious, Hsch. (- αίγ- cod.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παναίσυλος

  • 2 βλασφημέω

    βλασφημέω impf. ἐβλασφήμουν; 1 aor. ἐβλασφήμησα. Pass.: 1 fut. βλασφημηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐβλασφημήθην (s. next two entries; Pla. et al.; PSI 298, 14; LXX; Alex., Ep. XVI 2f; TestJob 16:7; AssMos Fgm. j p. 67 Denis; Philo, Joseph., Just.) prim. ‘to demean through speech’, an esp. sensitive matter in an honor-shame oriented society. to speak in a disrespectful way that demeans, denigrates, maligns
    ⓐ in relation to humans slander, revile, defame (Isocr. 10, 45 w. λοιδορεῖν) τινά someone (Socrat., Ep. 22, 2; Chion, Ep. 7, 1 ἡμᾶς) μηδένα (Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 197; Jos., Vi. 232; Hippol., Ref. 7, 32, 6) speak evil of Tit 3:2. Pass. Ro 3:8; 1 Cor 4:13 v.l.; 10:30 (ὑπὲρ οὗ = ὑπ. τούτου ὑπ. οὗ); Dg 5:14. Abs. Ac 13:45; 18:6.
    ⓑ in relation to transcendent or associated entities slander, revile, defame, speak irreverently/impiously/disrespectfully of or about
    α. a Gr-Rom. deity (for Gr-Rom. attitudes respecting deities Ps.-Pla., Alc. II 149c; Diod S 2, 21, 7; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 53; Jos., Ant. 4, 207, C. Apion 2, 237 [s. βλασφημία bγ]; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 43, 27; s. bε below and at the very end of the entry) τὴν θεὸν ἡμῶν Ac 19:37.
    β. God in Israelite/Christian tradition (4 Km 19:4) τὸν θεόν (cp. Philo, Fuga 84b; Jos., Ant. 4, 202; 6, 183; Hippol., Ref. 7, 11) Rv 16:11, 21. Abs. (2 Macc 10:34; 12:14; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 43, 31; Hippol., Ref. 1, Pr. 2) Mt 9:3; 26:65 (JKennard, Jr., ZNW 53, ’62, 25–51); Mk 2:7; J 10:36; Ac 26:11; 1 Ti 1:20; 1 Pt 4:4 (the last 3 passages may be interpr. as not referring exclusively to God). βλασφημίαι, ὅσα ἐὰν βλασφημήσωσιν whatever impious slanders they utter Mk 3:28 (cp. Pla., Leg. 7, 800c βλ. βλασφημίαν; Tob 1:18 S).
    γ. God’s name Ro 2:24 (contrast the approval expressed OGI 339, 30); 2 Cl 13:2a; ITr 8:2b (all three Is 52:5); 1 Ti 6:1; Rv 13:6; 16:9; 2 Cl 13:1, 2b (quot. of unknown orig.), 4; Hs 6, 2, 3 v.l.
    δ. God’s Spirit εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Mk 3:29; Lk 12:10. On impious slander of the Holy Spirit s. WWeber, ZWT 52, 1910, 320–41; HWindisch, in Porter-Bacon Festschr. 1928, 218–21; EBuonaiuti, Ricerche Religiose 6, 1930, 481–91; OEvans, ET 68, ’57, 240–44; GFitzer, TZ 13, ’57, 161–82; JWilliams, NTS 12, ’65, 75–77; CColpe, JJeremias Festschr., ’70, 63–79.
    ε. Christ Mt 27:39; Mk 15:29; Lk 23:39; ἕτερα πολλὰ β. 22:65 (cp. Vett. Val. 67, 20 πολλὰ βλασφημήσει θεούς). τὸν κύριον Hs 8, 6, 4; 8, 8, 2; 9, 19, 3; ISm 5:2; εἰς τ. κύριον Hv 2, 2, 2; Hs 6, 2, 4; τὸν βασιλέα μου MPol 9:3.—The name of Christ Js 2:7.
    ζ. angels δόξας β. 2 Pt 2:10; Jd 8. Angels are also meant in ὅσα οὐκ οἴδασιν β. Jd 10 and ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν β. defaming where they have no knowledge 2 Pt 2:12 (B-D-F §152, 1; Rob. 473). S. δόξα 4.
    η. things that constitute the significant possessions of Christians τὴν ὁδὸν τ. δικαιοσύνης ApcPt 7:22; cp. 2 Pt 2:2. Here and elsewh. pass. ὁ λόγος τ. θεοῦ Tit 2:5; ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθόν Ro 14:16; τὸ ἐν θεῷ πλῆθος ITr 8:2a; τὸ ὄνομα ὑμῶν μεγάλως β. 1 Cl 1:1; τὸν νόμον τοῦ κυρίου Hs 8, 6, 2.—In our lit. β. is used w. the acc. of the pers. or thing (Plut.; Appian [Nägeli 44]; Vett. Val. [s. bε above]; Philo [s. bα and bβ above]; Joseph. [s. bα and bβ above]; 4 Km 19:22) or w. εἰς and acc. (Demosth. 51, 3; Philo, Mos. 2, 206; Jos., Bell. 2, 406. Specif. εἰς θεούς and the like, Pla., Rep. 2 p. 381e; Vett. Val. 44, 4; 58, 12; Philo, Fuga 84a; Jos., Ant. 8, 392; Da 3:96; Bel 8 Theod.).—S. βλασφημία end. DELG. M-M. s.v.-ος. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βλασφημέω

  • 3 μέλλω

    μέλλω (Hom.+) fut. μελλήσω; impf. ἔμελλον (all edd. J 6:6; Ac 21:27) and ἤμελλον (all edd. Lk 7:2; 19:4; J 4:47; 12:33; 18:32; Hb 11:8; s. B-D-F §66, 3; W.-S. §12, 3; Mlt-H. 188. In Att. ins the ἠ-appears after 300 B.C. [Meisterhans3-Schw. 169]. In IPriene ἐ-occurs only once: 11, 5 [c. 297 B.C.]).
    ① to take place at a future point of time and so to be subsequent to another event, be about to, used w. an inf. foll.
    ⓐ only rarely w. the fut. inf., w. which it is regularly used in ancient Gk. (Hom. et al.), since in colloquial usage the fut. inf. and ptc. were gradually disappearing and being replaced by combinations with μέλλω (B-D-F §338, 3; 350; s. Rob. 882; 889). W. the fut. inf. μ. denotes certainty that an event will occur in the future μ. ἔσεσθαι (SIG 914, 10 μέλλει ἔσεσθαι; 247 I, 74 ἔμελλε … [δώσε]ιν; Jos., Ant. 13, 322; Mel., P. 57, 415) will certainly take place or be Ac 11:28; 24:15; 27:10; 1 Cl 43:6; cp. Dg 8:2.
    ⓑ w. the aor. inf. (rarely in ancient Gk. [but as early as Hom., and e.g. X., Cyr. 1, 4, 16]; Herodas 3, 78 and 91; UPZ 70, 12 [152/1 B.C.]; PGiss 12, 5; POxy 1067, 17; 1488, 20; Ex 4:12; Job 3:8; 2 Macc 14:41; JosAs 29:3; ParJer 9:13; GrBar 4:15 [Christ.]; ApcMos13; s. Phryn. p. 336; 745ff Lob.; WRutherford, New Phryn. 1881, 420ff) be on the point of, be about to, μ. ἀποκαλυφθῆναι be about to be revealed Ro 8:18. τὸ δωδεκάφυλον τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ μέλλον ἀπολέσθαι the twelve tribes of Israel that were about to be destroyed 1 Cl 55:6. ἤμελλεν προαγαγεῖν Ac 12:6. ἀποθανεῖν Rv 3:2. ἐμέσαι vs. 16. τεκεῖν 12:4.
    ⓒ w. the pres. inf. So mostly (ca. 80 times in the NT.; oft. in lit., ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 14 [Stone p. 64]; ApcEsdr 6:23f p. 32, 2f Tdf.; EpArist; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac.; Just., A I, 51, 8; D. 32, 4 al.; Tat. 14, 1; Mel., P. 38, 263; Ath. 32, 1).
    α. be about to, be on the point of ἤμελλεν τελευτᾶν he was at the point of death (Aristot. Fgm. 277 [in Apollon. Paradox. 27] and Diod S 6, 4, 3 μέλλων τελευτᾶν; cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 83; 12, 357) Lk 7:2. Also ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν (Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 5 γραῦς μέλλουσα ἀποθνῄσκειν; Aesop, Fab. 131 P.=202 H.; 233 P.=216 H.; 2 Macc 7:18; 4 Macc 10:9) J 4:47. ἤμελλεν ἑαυτὸν ἀναιρεῖν he was about to kill himself Ac 16:27. Of God’s eschat. reign μέλλειν ἔρχεσθαι 1 Cl 42:3. Of heavenly glory ἡ μέλλουσα ἀποκαλύπτεσθαι 1 Pt 5:1. Cp. Lk 19:4; J 6:6; Ac 3:3; 5:35; 18:14; 21:27; 22:26; 23:27.—Occasionally almost = begin ἤμελλον γράφειν Rv 10:4. ὅταν μέλλῃ ταῦτα συντελεῖσθαι πάντα when all these things are (or begin) to be accomplished Mk 13:4; cp. Lk 21:7; Rv 10:7.
    β. in a weakened sense it serves simply as a periphrasis for the fut. (PMich III, 202, 8ff; 13ff [105 A.D.].—Mayser II/1, 226) ὅσα λαλῶ ἢ καὶ μ. λαλεῖν (=ἢ καὶ λαλήσω) what I tell or shall tell Hm 4, 4, 3. So esp. oft. in Hermas: μ. λέγειν v 1, 1, 6; 3, 8, 11; m 11:7, 17; Hs 5, 2, 1. μ. ἐντέλλεσθαι v 5:5; m 5, 2, 8. μ. κατοικεῖν Hs 1:1; 4:2. μ. χωρεῖν (=χωρήσω) IMg 5:1. μ. βασιλεύειν GJs 23:2.—Substitute for the disappearing fut. forms (inf. and ptc. B-D-F §356); for the fut. inf.: προσεδόκων αὐτὸν μέλλειν πίμπρασθαι Ac 28:6; for the fut. ptc.: ὁ μέλλων ἔρχεσθαι Mt 11:14. ὁ τοῦτο μέλλων πράσσειν the one who was going to do this Lk 22:23; cp. 24:21; Ac 13:34. οἱ μέλλοντες πιστεύειν those who were to believe (in him) in the future 1 Ti 1:16; 1 Cl 42:4; Hm 4, 3, 3. μέλλοντες ἀσεβεῖν those who were to be ungodly in the future 2 Pt 2:6 v.l. (s. 3, end). Of Christ ὁ μέλλων κρίνειν 2 Ti 4:1; 7:2. οἱ μέλλοντες ἀρνεῖσθαι = οἱ ἀρνησόμενοι Hv 2, 2, 8. πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους raging fire that will devour the opponents Hb 10:27.
    γ. denoting an intended action: intend, propose, have in mind μέλλει Ἡρῴδης ζητεῖν τὸ παιδίον Herod intends to search for the child Mt 2:13. οὗ ἤμελλεν αὐτὸς ἔρχεσθαι where he himself intended to come Lk 10:1. μέλλουσιν ἔρχεσθαι they intended to come J 6:15. Cp. vs. 71; 7:35; 12:4; 14:22; Ac 17:31; 20:3, 7, 13ab; 23:15; 26:2; 27:30; Hb 8:5; 2 Pt 1:12. τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν; what do you intend to do? Hs 1:5. οὐ μ. ποιεῖν I have no intention of doing MPol 8:2. μ. προσηλοῦν they wanted to nail him fast 13:3. μ. λαμβάνειν we wanted to take him out 17:2.
    ② to be inevitable, be destined, inevitable
    ⓐ w. pres. inf. to denote an action that necessarily follows a divine decree is destined, must, will certainly … μ. πάσχειν he is destined to suffer Mt 17:12; B 7:10; 12:2; cp. 6:7. μ. σταυροῦσθαι must be crucified 12:1. μ. παραδίδοσθαι Mt 17:22; Lk 9:44; 16:5. ἔμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν J 11:51; 12:33; 18:32. ἐν σαρκὶ μ. φανεροῦσθαι B 6:7, 9, 14. Cp. Mt 16:27; 20:22; Ro 4:24; 8:13; Rv 12:5. οὐκέτι μέλλουσιν … θεωρεῖν they should no more see … Ac 20:38. τὰ μ. γίνεσθαι what must come to pass 26:22; cp. Rv 1:19. διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν those who are to inherit salvation Hb 1:14. μέλλομεν θλίβεσθαι that we were to be afflicted 1 Th 3:4.—Mk 10:32; Lk 9:31; J 7:39; Hb 11:8. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἔμελλε θηριομαχεῖν on the day on which Paul was to fight the wild animals AcPl Ha 3, 9. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι in expectation of the city’s destruction 5, 16. ἄνωθεν μέλλω σταυροῦσθαι I (Jesus) am about to be crucified once more 7, 39.
    ⓑ w. aor. inf. ἀποκαλυφθῆναι that is destined (acc. to God’s will) to be revealed Gal 3:23.
    ③ The ptc. is used abs. in the mng. (in the) future, to come (Pind., O. 10, 7 ὁ μέλλων χρόνος ‘the due date’) ὁ αἰὼν μέλλων the age to come (s. αἰών 2b), which brings the reign of God (opp. ὁ αἰὼν οὗτος or ὁ νῦν αἰών) Mt 12:32; Eph 1:21; 2 Cl 6:3; Pol 5:2; cp. Hb 6:5. Also ὁ μ. καιρός (opp. ὁ νῦν κ.) 4:1. ἡ μ. ζωή (opp. ἡ νῦν ζ.) 1 Ti 4:8. ὁ μ. βίος (opp. ὁ νῦν β.) 2 Cl 20:2. ἡ μ. βασιλεία 5:5; ἡ οἰκουμένη ἡ μ. the world to come Hb 2:5. ἡ μέλλουσα πόλις (as wordplay, opp. [οὐ … ] μένουσα π.) 13:14. ἡ μ. ἐπαγγελία the promise for the future 2 Cl 10:3f. τὰ μ. ἀγαθά Hb 9:11 v.l.; Hv 1, 1, 8. ἡ μ. ἀνάστασις 1 Cl 24:1; τὸ κρίμα τὸ μ. the judgment to come Ac 24:25; cp. 1 Cl 28:1; 2 Cl 18:2; MPol 11:2. ἡ μ. ὀργή Mt 3:7; IEph 11:1. ἡ μ. θλῖψις Hv 4, 2, 5. τὰ μ. σκάνδαλα 4:9.—ἡ μέλλουσά σου ἀδελφή your future sister=the one who in the future will be your sister, no longer your wife Hv 2, 2, 3. Several times the noun can be supplied fr. the context: τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος, i.e. Ἀδάμ Ro 5:14.—Subst. τὸ μέλλον the future (Aeneas Tact. 422; 431 al.; Antiphanes Com. [IV B.C.] 227 K.; Menand., Monostich. 412 [608 Jaekel] Mei.; Anacreont. 36; Plut., Caes. 14, 4; Herodian 1, 14, 2; SIG 609, 5; ViEzk 13 [p. 75, 12 Sch.]; Philo, Mel.) 1 Cl 31:3. εἰς τὸ μ. for the future (Jos., Ant. 9, 162) 1 Ti 6:19; specif. (in the) next year (PLond III, 1231, 4 p. 108 [144 A.D.] τὴν εἰς τὸ μέλλον γεωργείαν; s. Field, Notes 65) Lk 13:9. τὰ μ. the things to come (X., Symp. 4, 47; Aeneas Tact. 1050; Artem. 1, 36; Wsd 19:1; TestJob 47:9; JosAs 23:8; Philo; Just., D. 7, 1; Ath. 27, 2) Col 2:17; PtK 3 p. 15, 21. (Opp. τὰ ἐνεστῶτα the present as PGM 5, 295) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 3:22; B 1:7; 5:3; 17:2. Ox 1081 39f (SJCh 91, 2) (s. ἀρχή 2). Uncertain 2 Pt 2:6 (if ἀσεβέσιν is to be retained, the ref. is to impending judgment for the impious).
    ④ delay τί μέλλεις why are you delaying? (cp. Aeschyl., Prom. 36; Eur., Hec. 1094; Thu. 8, 78; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 13; Jos., Bell. 3, 494 τί μέλλομεν; 4 Macc 6:23; 9:1) Ac 22:16. οὐ μελλήσας without delay AcPl Ha 8, 4. The connection in AcPt Ox 849, 1 is uncertain.—B. 974. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μέλλω

  • 4 συντελέω

    συντελέω fut. συντελέσω; 1 aor. συνετέλεσα LXX. Pass.: 1 fut. συντελεσθήσομαι; 1 aor. συνετελέσθην; pf. 2 pl. συντετέλεσθε Gen 44:5, 3 sg. συντετέλεσται LXX, ptc. συντετελεσμένος LXX, inf. συντετελέσθαι 2 Macc 3:32 (Thu.+).
    ① to complete someth. that has been in process, bring to an end, complete, finish, close τὶ someth. (Diod S 1, 3, 2; PGM 3, 90 [=RMerkelbach/MTotti, Abrasax ’90, p. 88 ln. 90]; Philo, Ebr. 53; Jos., Ant. 15, 269; Just., A I, 65, 3) Hs 8, 11, 1; 9, 7, 1; 9, 29, 4. πάντα πειρασμόν Lk 4:13. A teaching, a speech, λόγους Mt 7:28 v.l. τὰς ἐντολάς Hm 12, 3, 2. Abs., though the obj. is to be supplied fr. the context B 15:3f (Gen 2:2). Pass., of the building of a tower (cp. PSI 407, 2 [III B.C.] ἐπειδή σοι [=by you] τὰ ἔργα [s. ἔργον 3] συντετέλεσται; Berosus: 680 Fgm. 8 a, 140 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 140]) Hv 3, 4, 2; 3, 8, 9; Hs 9, 5, 2.
    ② to carry out or bring into being someth. that has been promised or expected, carry out, fulfill, accomplish τὶ someth. (Polyb. 4, 81, 3; Diod S 4, 53, 2 συντελέσαι τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν=keep one’s word; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 1, 11 Jac. perform an act of expiation; Jos., Bell. 7, 392; Just., A I, 32, 6) τὰ προγεγραμμένα Hs 5, 3, 7 (v.l. γεγραμμένα). Of God λόγον carry out (his) word, bring (his) word to accomplishment (cp. Sb 717, 2, 25 [217 B.C.] εὐχαριστῶν τοῖς θεοῖς ἐπὶ τῷ συντελέσαι αὐτοὺς ἃ ἐπηγγείλαντο αὐτῷ; Polystrat. p. 10 τ. θεὸν συντελεῖν ταῦτα κατὰ βούλησιν; La 2:17; the magical ins fr. Ashmunên published by the Soc. Ital. per la Ricerca dei Papiri Greci in Egitto, in Omaggio for the conf. of classical philologists, April 1911, no. 5, 40 ναὶ κύριε βασιλεῦ χθονίων θεῶν συντέλεσον τὰ ἐγγεγραμμένα τῷ πεδάλῳ τούτῳ=Yes, Lord and King of the netherworld deities, bring to pass the things written on this leaf; PGM 3, 121; 57, 2) Ro 9:28 (Is 10:22). συντελέσω διαθήκην (Jer 41:8, 15) καινήν I will bring a new covenant to accomplishment Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31 διαθήσομαι), or simply I will establish a new covenant (ς.=‘make’ X., Cyr. 6, 1, 50; Demosth. 21, 22).—Perh. Mk 13:4 (s. 4 below), if it is to be translated when all this is to be accomplished (Diod S 2, 30, 1 everything is accomplished by a decision of the gods.—In 17, 1, 2 συντελεῖσθαι is simply ‘happen’). Cp. B 12:1 (prophetic saying of unknown origin). πρᾶξις συντελεῖται a course of action finds application Hm 4, 1, 11 (Diod S 26, 7 ἀσεβῆ συνετελέσατο πρᾶξιν=he perpetrated an impious deed).
    ③ to exhaust the supply of someth., pass. w. act. sense give out συνετελέσθη ὁ οἶνος τοῦ γάμου J 2:3 v.l. (the act. = ‘blot out, destroy’ Jer 14:12; Ezk 7:15; TestLevi 5:4; corresp. the pass. Jer 14:15; 16:4; TestDan 6:4).
    ④ to come to the end of a duration, come to an end, be over (Dt 34:8; Job 1:5; Tob 10:7) Lk 2:21 v.l.; 4:2; Ac 21:27; B 16:6 (quot. of uncertain origin). Perh. this is the place for ὅταν μέλλῃ ταῦτα συντελεῖσθαι πάντα when all this (colloq.: when the time is when all this cp. vs. 2) is to come to an end Mk 13:4 (s. 2 above).—DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > συντελέω

  • 5 βλασφημία

    βλασφημία, ας, ἡ (s. βλασφημέω; Eur., Democr., Pla.+; LXX, Philo, Joseph.; Just., A I, 26, 5; Ath. 31, 2, R.72, 27; AssMos Fgm. j p. 67 Denis; loanw. in rabb.) speech that denigrates or defames, reviling, denigration, disrespect, slander
    ⓐ gener., of any kind of speech that is defamatory or abusive, w. other vices Mk 7:22; Eph 4:31; Col 3:8. πᾶσα β. all abusive speech Hm 8:3; cp. Mt 12:31a. Pl. (Jos., Vi. 245) Mt 15:19; 1 Ti 6:4.
    ⓑ specif., against humans and transcendent entities
    α. humans (Cleanthes [IV–III B.C.] 1 p. 135, 21 [in Diog. L. 7, 17, 3]; Polyb. 11, 5, 8; Jos., Ant. 3, 307, Vi. 260) β. ἔκ τινος slander of (i.e. emanating from) someone Rv 2:9; cp. IEph 10:2.
    β. the devil κρίσιν βλασφημίας a reviling judgment Jd 9 (but s. Field [Notes 244], who favors ‘accusation of [the devil for] blasphemy’).
    γ. God and what is God’s (Comp. II 153f [Menand., Fgm. 715 Kock] ἡ εἰς τὸ θεῖον β.; Ezk 35:12; 1 Macc 2:6; 2 Macc 8:4; 10:35; 15:24; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 368) Mt 26:65 (OLinton, NTS 7, ’61, 258–62); Mk 2:7 v.l.; 14:64; Lk 5:21 (pl.); J 10:33; Rv 13:5 (pl.); 2 Cl 13:3; D 3:6; β. πρὸς τὸν θεόν (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 32, 216; cp. εἰς τὸν πατέρα Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 19) Rv 13:6. βλασφημίας ἐπιφέρεσθαι τῷ ὀνόματι κυρίου 1 Cl 47:7; προσέθηκαν κατὰ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου βλασφημίαν Hs 6, 2, 3; β., ὅσα ἐὰν βλασφημήσωσιν Mk 3:28, s. βλασφημέω bβ; ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος (obj. gen.) β. Mt 12:31b, s. βλασφημέω bδ. ὀνόματα βλασφημίας (gen. of qual.) Rv 13:1; 17:3. ῥήματα βλασφημίας Ac 6:11 v.l.—The passages in β and γ generate an emotive aspect associated with denigration of a prestigious entity (cp. Origen’s rejoinder to Celsus: C. Celsum 8, 38 with reff. to Ex 22:27; Ro 12:14; 1 Cor 6:10). Hence the caution about denigrating the devil. Impious denigration of deity is esp. heinous and many translations reflect this emotive value in the loanword ‘blasphemy’. But Greco-Roman and Semitic minds would first of all, as Ac 19:37 and Rom 2:24 indicate, think in terms of disrespect shown or harm done to a deity’s reputation, a fact obscured by the rendering ‘blasphemy’, which has to some extent in Eng. gone its own emotive way semantically and has in effect become a religious technical term, which is not the case with βλασφημέω. On the range of expressions for denigration of God s. ESanders, Jewish Law fr. Jesus to the Mishnah ’90, 57–67.—DELG s.v. βλασφημέω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βλασφημία

  • 6 ἐξέρχομαι

    ἐξέρχομαι, [tense] fut. - ελεύσομαι (but in [dialect] Att. ἔξειμι (A) supplies the [tense] fut., also [tense] impf. ἐξῄειν): [tense] aor. 2 ἐξῆλθον, the only tense used in Hom.:—
    A go or come out of, c. gen.loci, τείχεος, πυλάων, πόληος, Il.22.237, 413, 417;

    ἐκ δ' ἦλθε κλισίης 10.140

    ; ἐ. δωμάτων, χθονός, etc., A.Ch. 663, S.El. 778, etc.;

    ἐ. ἐκ.. Hdt.8.75

    , 9.12, S.OC37, etc.;

    ἔξω τῆσδ'.. χθονός E.Ph. 476

    ; of an actor, come out on the stage, Ar.Ach. 240, Av. 512: abs., come forth,

    ἐ. καὶ ἀμῦναι Il.9.576

    .
    b rarely c. acc.,

    ἐξῆλθον τὴν Περσίδα χώραν Hdt.7.29

    ;

    ἐ. τὸ ἄστυ Id.5.104

    , cf.Arist.Pol. 1285a5, LXXGe.44.4.
    c abs., march out, go forth, Th.2.11, etc.;

    ἐπί τινα Hdt.1.36

    .
    d of an accused person, withdraw from the country to avoid trial, opp. φεύγω, D.23.45.
    e ἐ. ὑπηρέτης to be commissioned to carry out an order of the court, Mitteis Chr.89.36(ii A.D.), etc.
    f c. acc. cogn., go out on an expedition, etc.,

    ἐ. ἐξόδους X.HG1.2.17

    ;

    στρατείαν Aeschin.2.168

    ; so παγκόνιτ' ἐ. ἄεθλ' ἀγώνων went through them, S.Tr. 506 (lyr.);

    νίκης ἔχων ἐξῆλθε.. γέρας Id.El. 687

    .
    g with Preps., ἐ. ἐπὶ θήραν, ἐπὶ θεωρίαν, etc., X.Cyr.1.2.11, Pl.Cri. 52b, etc.; ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐ. pursue their advantages to the utmost, Th.1.70; εἰς τόδ' ἐ. ἀνόσιον στόμα allow oneself to use these impious words, S. OC 981; also ἐ. εἴς τινας come out of one class into another, as εἰς τοὺς τελείους ἄνδρας, opp. ἔφηβοι, X.Cyr.1.2.12.
    i of offspring, issue from the womb,

    τὰ μὲν τετελειωμένα, τὰ δὲ ἀτελῆ ἐ. Arist.Pr. 896a18

    ;

    ἐκ τῆς γαστρός M.Ant.9.3

    .
    2 ἐ. εἰς ἔλεγχον stand forth and come to the trial, E.Alc. 640;

    ἐς χερῶν ἅμιλλαν ἐ. τινί Id.Hec. 226

    : abs., stand forth, be proved to be,

    ἄλλος S.OT 1084

    ; come forth (from the war), Th.5.31.
    3 c. acc. rei, execute, ἃ ἂν.. μὴ ἐξέλθωσιν (v.l. for ἐπεξ-) Id.1.70; τὸ πολὺ τοῦ ἔργου ἐξῆλθον (v.l. for ἐπεξ-) Id.3.108.
    4 abs., exceed all bounds, Pl.Lg. 644b; so

    ἐ. τὰ νόμιμα Nymphis15

    .
    5 with acc. of the instrument of motion,

    ἐ. οὐδὲ τὸν ἕτερον πόδα Din.1.82

    .
    II of Time, come to an end, expire, Hdt.2.139, S.OT 735, PRev.Laws 48.9 (iii B.C.), etc.;

    τοῦ ἐξελθόντος μηνός Hyp.Eux.35

    ;

    ἐπειδὰν.. ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς ἐξέλθῃ Pl.Plt. 298e

    ;

    ἐλέγοντο αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐξεληλυθέναι X.HG5.2.2

    .
    2 of magistrates, etc., go out of office, ἡ ἐξελθοῦσα βουλή Decr. ap. And.1.77, cf. Arist.Pol. 1273a16.
    III of prophecies, dreams, events, etc., to be accomplished, come true,

    ἐς τέλος ἐ. Hes.Op. 218

    : abs.,

    τὴν ὄψιν συνεβάλετο ἐξεληλυθέναι Hdt.6.108

    , cf. 82; ἐξῆλθε (sc. ἡ μῆνις) was satisfied, Id.7.137;

    ἰσόψηφος δίκη ἐξῆλθ' ἀληθῶς A.Eu. 796

    ; κατ' ὀρθὸν ἐ. come out right, S.OT88;

    ἀριθμὸς οὐκ ἐλάττων ἐ. X.HG6.1.5

    ; of persons, μὴ.. Φοῐβος ἐξέλθη σαφής turn out a true prophet, S.OT 1011.
    2 of words, proceed,

    παρά τινος Pl.Tht. 161b

    ; of goods, to be exported, Id.Alc.1.122e.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξέρχομαι

  • 7 ἀνοίγω

    ἀνοίγω (ἀνά, οἴγω ‘open’; Hom. +) on this by-form of ἀνοίγνυμι see Kühner-Bl. II 496f; W-S. §12, 7 and §15 (p. 130); B-D-F §101; Rob. 1212f; Mayser 404. Fut. ἀνοίξω; 1 aor. ἀνέῳξα J 9:14 (vv.ll. ἠνέῳξα, ἤνοιξα), ἠνέῳξα vs. 17 (vv.ll. ἤνοιξα, ἀνέῳξα), mostly ἤνοιξα Ac 5:19; 9:40 al.; 2 pf. (intr.) ἀνέῳγα; pf. pass. ἀνέῳγμαι 2 Cor 2:12 (v.l. ἠνέῳγμαι), ptc. ἀνεῳγμένος (ἠνεῳγμένος 3 Km 8:52; ἠνοιγμένος Is 42:20), inf. ἀνεῴχθαι (Just., D. 123, 2). Pass.: 1 aor. ἠνεῴχθην Mt 3:16; v.l. 9:30; Jn 9:10; Ac 16:26 (vv.ll. ἀνεῴχθην, ἠνοίχθην); inf. ἀνεῳχθῆναι Lk 3:21 (ἀνοιχθῆναι D); 1 fut. ἀνοιχθήσομαι Lk 11:9f v.l.; 2 aor. ἠνοίγην Mk 7:35 (vv.ll. ἠνοίχθησαν, διηνοίγησαν, διηνοίχθησαν); Ac 12:10 (v.l. ἠνοίχθη); Hv 1, 1, 4 (Dssm. NB 17 [BS 189]); 2 fut. ἀνοιγήσομαι Mt 7:7; Lk 11:9f (v.l. ἀνοίγεται). The same circumstance prevails in LXX: Helbing 78f; 83ff; 95f; 102f. Thackeray 202ff.
    ① to move someth. from a shut or closed position, trans. a door (Menand., Epitr. 643 Kö.; Polyb. 16, 25, 7; OGI 222, 36; 332, 28, SIG 798, 19; 1 Km 3:15; PsSol 8:17; GrBar 11:5f; Jos., Ant. 13, 92 ἀ. τ. πύλας, Vi. 246; Just., D. 36, 5 τὰς πύλας τῶν οὐρανῶν) τὰς θύρας (really the wings of a double door) Ac 5:19; 12:10 (w. act. force, see 6 below); 16:26f (s. OWeinreich, Türöffnung im Wunder-, Prodigien-u. Zauberglauben d. Antike, d. Judentums u. Christentums: WSchmid Festschr. 1929, 200–452). ἀ. τὸν πυλῶνα open the outer door of the house Ac 12:14. τ. θύραν τ. ναοῦ fig., of the mouth of the believer, who is the temple of God B 16:9 (with this figure cp. Philosoph. Max. 488, 6 τοῦ σοφοῦ στόματος ἀνοιχθέντος, καθάπερ ἱεροῦ, τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς καλὰ βλέπεται ὥσπερ ἀγάλματα=when the mouth of the wise man opens like the door of a temple, the beauties of his soul are as visible as statues [of deities]). Without door as obj. acc., or as subject of a verb in the pass., easily supplied from the context (Achilles Tat. 2, 26, 1) Mt 7:7f; Lk 11:9f; Mt 25:11; Lk 13:25; GJs 12:2.—Used fig. in var. ways (PTebt 383, 29 [46 A.D.]; Epict. Schenkl index θύρα: ἡ θύρα ἤνοικται=I am free to go anywhere) Rv 3:20, cp. 3:7f (s. Is 22:22; Job 12:14). πύλη δικαιοσύνης 1 Cl 48:2, cp. 4. Of preaching that wins attention ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως God gave the gentiles an opportunity to become believers Ac 14:27. Cp. θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης since a door was opened for me, i.e. I was given an opportunity to work 2 Cor 2:12 (for 1 Cor 16:9 s. 6 below). Likew. ἀ. θύραν τοῦ λόγου Col 4:3.
    ② to render someth. readily accessible, open, trans., closed places, whose interior is thereby made accessible: a sanctuary 1 Cl 43:5; pass. Rv 11:19; 15:5 heaven (Kaibel 882 [III A.D.] οὐρανὸν ἀνθρώποις εἶδον ἀνοιγόμενον; PGM 4, 1180; 36, 298; Is 64:1; Ezk 1:1; cp. 3 Macc 6:18) Mt 3:16; Lk 3:21; Ac 10:11; Rv 19:11; GEb 18, 36; Hv 1, 1, 4; the nether world Rv 9:2; graves (SIG 1237, 3 ἀνοῖξαι τόδε τὸ μνῆμα; Ezk 37:12, 13) Mt 27:52. Fig., of the throat of the impious τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν their gullet is an open grave (breathing out putrefaction?) Ro 3:13 (Ps 5:10; 13:3).
    ③ to disclose contents by opening, open, trans., τ. θησαυροὺς (SIG2 587, 302 τῷ τ. θησαυροὺς ἀνοίξαντι; 601, 32; 653, 93; Eur., Ion 923; Arrian, Cyneg. 34, 2 ἀνοίγνυται ὁ θησαυρός; Is 45:3; Sir 43:14; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 105; Ath. 1, 1) treasure chests Mt 2:11. κεράμιον οἴνου ἢ ἐλαίου open a jar of wine or oil D 13:6. ἀ. βιβλίον open a book in scroll form (Diod S 14, 55, 1 βιβλίον ἐπεσφραγισμένον … ἀνοίγειν; 2 Esdr 18:5; Da 7:10) Lk 4:17 v.l.; Rv 5:2ff; 10:2, 8 (cp. 2 Esdr 16:5; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 22 [Stone p. 30]); 20:12.
    ④ to remove an obstruction, open, trans., a seal (X., De Rep. Lac. 6, 4; SIG 1157, 47 [I A.D.] τὰς σφραγῖδας ἀνοιξάτω) Rv 5:9; 6:1–12; 8:1.
    ⑤ to cause to function, open, trans., of bodily parts
    ⓐ mouth ἀ. τὸ στόμα open the mouth of another person 1 Cl 18:15 (cp. Ps 50:17); of a fish, to take something out Mt 17:27; of a mute (Wsd 10:21) Lk 1:64.— Open one’s own mouth to speak (oft. in OT; SibOr 3, 497, but e.g. also Aristoph., Av. 1719) Mt 5:2; 6:8 D; Ac 8:35; 10:34; 18:14; GEb 34, 60. More specif. ἐν παραβολαῖς=he spoke in parables Mt 13:35 (Ps 77:2; cp. Lucian, Philops. 33 ὁ Μέμνων αὐτὸς ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα ἐν ἔπεσιν ἑπτά). εἰς βλασφημίας (opened its mouth) to blaspheme Rv 13:6.— Not to open one’s mouth, remain silent Ac 8:32; 1 Cl 16:7 (both Is 53:7, as also Mel., P. 64, 462).—Fig., of the earth when it opens to swallow something ἤνοιξεν ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς Rv 12:16 (cp. Num 16:30; 26:10; Dt 11:6).
    ⓑ eyes ἀ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς of a blind person (Is 35:5; 42:7; Tob 11:7; Mel., P. 78, 565) Mt 9:30; 20:33; J 9:10, 14, 17, 21, 26, 30, 32; 10:21; B 14:7 (Is 42:7).—One’s own eyes, to see (Epict. 2, 23, 9 and 12; PGM 4, 624) Ac 9:8, 40.—Fig., of spiritual sight Lk 24:31 v.l.; Ac 26:18. τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τ. καρδίας 1 Cl 36:2; 59:3 (cp. Just., D. 123, 2 προσηλύτων … ἀνεῷχθαι τὰ ὄμματα).
    ⓒ ears (Epict. 2, 23, 10; PGM 7, 329) of a deaf man Mk 7:35.
    ⓓ heart, fig. ἀ. τ. καρδίαν πρὸς τ. κύριον open one’s heart to the Lord Hv 4, 2, 4.
    ⑥ to be in a state of openness, be open, intr. (only 2 pf., except that the 2 aor. pass. ἠνοίγη Ac 12:10 [s. 1 above] is the practical equivalent of an intr. Other exx. of 2 pf.: Hippocr., Morb. 4, 39 ed. Littré; VII 558; Plut., Mor. 693d, Coriol. 231 [37, 2]; Lucian, Nav. 4; Polyaenus 2, 28, 1) in our lit. in contexts connoting opportunity θύρα μοι ἀνέῳγεν 1 Cor 16:9 (s. 1 above; Lucian, Soloec. 8 ἡ θύρα ἀνέῳγέ σοι τῆς γνωρίσεως αὐτῶν. Cp. Just., D. 7, 3 φωτὸς ἀνοιχθήναι πύλας).—Cp. τ. οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα J 1:51.
    ⑦ to be candid, be open, intr. (s. 6 beg. for grammatical ref.; s. also 5a) τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς our mouth is open toward you, i.e. I have spoken freely and openly 2 Cor 6:11 (cp. Ezk 16:63; 29:21 and ἄνοιξις).—B. 847. DELG s.v. οἴγνυμι. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀνοίγω

  • 8 ἀσέβεια

    ἀσέβεια, ας, ἡ (s. ἀσεβής; Eur., X., Pla.+; Antiphon 5:88 [=6:6] and Diod S 1, 44, 3 εἰς τοὺς θεοὺς ἀσέβεια; Epict., ins; PEleph 23, 1; 9f; PCairZen 11 verso I, 3; Sb 5680, 20; PSI 515, 18 [all III B.C.]; BGU 1578, 8; 1823, 23; PGrad 4, 20; LXX, En; EpArist 166; Philo; Jos., Ant. 9, 266, C. Ap. 2, 291; Test12Patr; Ar. 11, 7; Just.) in general ἀσέβεια is understood vertically as a lack of reverence for deity and hallowed institutions as displayed in sacrilegious words and deeds: impiety; its corollary ἀδικία refers horizontally to violation of human rights: ἐπὶ πλεῖον προκόπτειν ἀσεβείας progress further in impiety 2 Ti 2:16; ἀρνεῖσθαι τὴν ἀ. Tit 2:12; φυγεῖν τὴν ἀ. 2 Cl 10:1; ἔργα ἀσεβείας=‘impious deeds’, i.e. deeds that are the product of distorted views of God Jd 15 (En 1:9). Of polytheists, who are indicted for dishonoring God Ro 1:18 (cp. Dt 9:5). ἀσεβείας ὑπόδειγμα Papias (3:2). In imagery τῆς ἀ. πλησθήσονται they will be sated w. their impiety 1 Cl 57:6 (Pr 1:31).—Pl. (Pla., Leg. 890a; LXX; ViMi 1 [p. 81, 7 Sch.]; Jos., Bell. 7, 260) ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβ Ro 11:26 (Is 59:20). ἐπιθυμίαι τ. ἀσεβειῶν profane desires Jd 18 (cp. En 13:2 ἔργα τ. ἀσεβειῶν).—Dodd 76–81; BGärtner, The Areopagus Speech and Natural Revelation ’55, 73ff.—M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀσέβεια

  • 9 ἔργον

    ἔργον, ου, τό (Hom.+) work.
    ① that which displays itself in activity of any kind, deed, action
    ⓐ in contrast to rest Hb 4:3, 4 (Gen 2:2), 10. In contrast to word: freq. used to describe people of exceptional merit, esp. benefactors (X., Hier. 7, 2, Cyr. 6, 4, 5; Cebes 2, 2 λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ Πυθαγόρειος; Lucian, Tox. 35. Oft. in Epict.; GDI 5039, 20 [Crete] οὔτε λόγῳ οὔτε ἔργῳ; Sir 3:8; 16:12; 4 Macc 5:38; En 14:22 πᾶς λόγος αὐτοῦ ἔργον; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 26 [Stone p. 20] ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ; Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 220, C. Ap. 2, 12; Larfeld I 497f) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ mighty in word and deed Lk 24:19; cp. Ac 7:22; ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔ. in word and deed Col 3:17; cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; 2 Th 2:17; Tit 1:16a; 1J 3:18; 2 Cl 17:7, also 4:3. A similar contrast betw. the ποιητὴς ἔργου doer who acts and the forgetful hearer Js 1:25, and betw. ἔργα and a πίστις that amounts to nothing more than a verbal statement 2:14–26 (s. JRopes, Exp. 7th ser., 5, 1908, 547–56 and his comm. 1916 ad loc.; HPreisker, ThBl 4, 1925, 16f; ETobac, RHE 22, 1926, 797–805; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; ASchlatter, D. Brief des Jak. ’32, 184–207).
    ⓑ manifestation, practical proof τὸ ἔ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11. ἔ. διακονίας Eph 4:12. τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον τῆς προσευχῆς AcPl Ha 4, 27. τὸ ἔ. τοῦ νόμου acting in accordance with the law Ro 2:15 (perh. also the bringing of the law into effect, as Polyaenus 1, 19 τοῦ λογίου τὸ ἔργον=realization or fulfilment of the oracular response). ἡ ὑπομονὴ ἔ. τέλειον ἐχέτω let endurance show itself perfectly in practice Js 1:4.
    ⓒ deed, accomplishment
    α. of the deeds of God and Jesus, specif. miracles (Epict. 3, 5, 10 ἰδεῖν ἔργα τὰ σά [=τοῦ θεοῦ]; Ael. Aristid. 50, 17 K.=26 p. 506 D.: ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ θαυμαστόν; Quint. Smyrn. 9, 481 ἔργον ἀθανάτων of the healing of Philoctetes; Josh 24:29; Ps 45:9; 65:5; 85:8; JosAs 9:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 378 τ. ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ, C. Ap. 2, 192) Mt 11:2; J 5:20, 36; 7:3, 21 (Diod S 5, 33, 5 ἓν ἔργον=just one practice); 9:3; 10:25, 37f; 14:10, 11, 12; 15:24; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 15:18 v.l.; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 15:3. On Mt 11:19 s. δικαιόω 2bα.
    β. of the deeds of humans, exhibiting a consistent moral character, referred to collectively as τὰ ἔργα (Ps 105:35; Job 11:11; Jon 3:10) J 3:20 f; 7:7; Js 3:13; 1J 3:12; Rv 2:2, 19; 3:1, 8, 15. σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὰ ἔ. Qua. τὰ πρῶτα ἔ. Rv 2:5. πάντα τὰ ἔργα (Am 8:7; Mi 6:16) Mt 23:5. κατὰ τὰ ἔργα in accordance w. the deeds (Ps 27:4; 61:13; Pr 24:12; En 100:7; PsSol 2:16) Mt 23:3; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 1:9; 4:14; Rv 2:23; 20:12f. Also κατὰ τὸ ἔργον 1 Pt 1:17. The collective τὸ ἔργον is used for the pl. (Sir 11:20) Gal 6:4; Hb 6:10; Rv 22:12. The ἔργον or ἔργα is (are) characterized by the context as good or bad Lk 11:48; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 11:15; 2 Ti 4:14; Js 2:25; 3J 10; Rv 14:13; 16:11; 18:6 (since in all these passages except Rv 14:13 ἔ. refers to something bad, it is well to point out that ἔργον when used alone also means an evil or disgraceful deed, e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 22 §83 ἔργον οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀπῆν=they abstained from no shameful deed; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 476; 742; Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 4). Or they are characterized by an added word: ἔ. ἀγαθόν Ro 2:7; 13:3; 2 Cor 9:8; Phil 1:6; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16b; 3:1; Hb 13:21 v.l. Pl. Eph 2:10 (misunderstood by JSanders, Ethics in the NT, ’75, 78; cp. Phil 1:6); 1 Ti 2:10. πλήρης ἔργων ἀγαθῶν rich in good deeds Ac 9:36. ἔ. καλόν Mt 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:33. Pl. (GrBar 15:2; Dio Chrys. 3, 52) Mt 5:16; J 10:32; 1 Ti 5:10a, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8, 14, Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12 (WvanUnnik, NTS 1, ’54/55, 92–110; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1); 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. ἔργα ὅσια, δίκαια 6:9. ἔ. δικαιοσύνης B 1:6 (PsSol 18:8). ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ righteous deeds Tit 3:5. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ θεοῦ the deeds that God desires (Jer 31:10; 1 Esdr 7:9, 15) J 6:28; cp. vs. 29. τὰ ἔ. μου (i.e. Χριστοῦ) Rv 2:26. ἔργα πεπληρωμένα ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 3:2. ἔ. ἄξια τ. μετανοίας Ac 26:20. ἔ. τῆς πίστεως the deeds that go with faith Hs 8, 9, 1. ἔ. αἰώνιον an imperishable deed IPol 8:1. τὰ. ἔ. τοῦ Ἀβραάμ deeds like Abraham’s J 8:39. τὰ ἔ. τ. πέμψαντός με 9:4.—ἔργα πονηρά evil deeds (1 Esdr 8:83; En 98:6; Tat. 23:2) Col 1:21; 2J 11; cp. J 3:19; 7:7; 1J 3:12 and ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔ. πονηροῦ 2 Ti 4:18. Also ἔ. τῆς πονηρᾶς ὁδοῦ B 4:10. νεκρά dead works, i.e. those that lead to death Hb 6:1; 9:14. ἄκαρπα unfruitful actions Eph 5:11. ἄνομα lawless deeds 2 Pt 2:8. Also ἔ. τῆς ἀνομίας B 4:1; Hs 8, 10, 3. ἔργα ἀσεβείας impious deeds Jd 15 (ἀσεβῆ ἔ. Just., A I, 23, 3). τοῦ σκότους deeds of darkness (i.e. unbelief) Ro 13:12; cp. Eph 5:11. ἔ. τῆς σαρκός deeds that originate in the flesh (i.e. sin) Gal 5:19. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν deeds such as your father (the devil) commits J 8:41. τῶν Νικολαϊτῶν Rv 2:6.—κρύφια, φανερὰ ἔ. secret, open deeds 2 Cl 16:3. Freq. in Paul ἔργα νόμου deeds that the law commands you to do Ro 3:20, 28; cp. 27; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10 (cp. 4Q MMT 3, 27 [=A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. REisenman/JRobinson, I ’91, xxxi, fig. 8, c line 29]; MAbegg, Paul, ‘Works of the Law’ and MMT: Bar 20/6, ’94, 52–55; JDunn, NTS 43, ’97, 147–53). Also simply ἔργα, w. the same meaning Ro 4:2, 6; 9:12, 32; 11:6; Eph 2:9; s. ELohmeyer, ZNW 28, 1929, 177–207.—S. δικαιοσύνη 3 end.
    ② that which one does as regular activity, work, occupation, task (cp. Aristoph., Av. 862; X., Mem. 2, 10, 6; Arrian, Anab. 5, 23, 1; Epict. 1, 16, 21; Sir 11:20; TestSol 1:2 al.; Just., A II, 3, 5 βασιλικόν) w. gen. of the one who assigns the task τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 15:58; 16:10; Phil 2:30. διδόναι τινὶ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ assign his task to someone Mk 13:34; πληροῦν ἔ. accomplish a task Ac 14:26. τ. ἔ. τελειοῦν finish the work (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69, 2 τ. οἰκοδομῆς τ. πολλὰ εἰργάσατο, οὐ μὴν ἐτελείωσε τὸ ἔργον; 2 Esdr 16:3, 16) J 17:4; cp. 4:34. ἡ κυρίου τοῦ ἔργου shop superintendent GJs 2:2 (s. deStrycker ad loc.) Of the task and work of the apostles Ac 13:2; 15:38. οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο those who were entrusted by God with so important a duty 1 Cl 43:1. καρπὸς ἔργου fruit of work Phil 1:22. To love someone διὰ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ because of what the person has done 1 Th 5:13. Of an office 1 Ti 3:1 (4 is also poss.). ἔ. ποιεῖν εὐαγγελιστοῦ do the work of an evangelist 2 Ti 4:5.—ἔ. συγγενικὸν ἀπαρτίζειν accomplish a proper, natural task IEph 1:1.
    ③ that which is brought into being by work, product, undertaking, work (Hom. et al.; Gen 2:2; 3 Km 7:15, 19; Jer 10:3; 1 Esdr 5:44; TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 11 [Stone p. 34] εἴ τινος κατακαύσει τὸ πὺρ; Just., D. 88, 8; Mel., P. 36, 244) work in the passive sense. W. special ref. to buildings (Aristoph., Av. 1125; Polyb. 5, 3, 6; Diod S 1, 31, 9; Appian, Mithrid. 30 §119; Arrian, Anab. 6, 18, 2; Dionys. Byz. §27; IG IV2/1, 106, 56; 114, 31 al.; PPetr III, 43 [2] I, 2 [III B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔργα=for the buildings al.; 1 Macc 10:11; SibOr 4, 59; EPeterson, Biblica 22, ’41, 439–41) 1 Cor 3:13, 14, 15. Perh. a building is also meant in 1 Cor 9:1 and Ro 14:20 (s. καταλύω 2b). γῆ κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔ. 2 Pt 3:10 (FDanker, ZNW 53, ’62, 82–86, would read καὶ γῇ κατὰ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα). Images of deities as ἔργα ἀνθρώπων 2 Cl 1:6 (Herodas 4, 26 ἔργα καλά of works of sculpture; Ath. 17:3f); sim. in the formulation ἔργον χειρός (cp. En 98:5; ApcEsdr 1:10; Herodas 7, 2f τῶν σῶν … χειρέων νοῆρες ἔργον; Epict. 3, 7, 24 τὰ χειρὸς ἔργα; Jos., Bell. 3, 268 of courageous deeds χειρῶν ἔργα; cp. Just., D. 23, 5 of circumcision not as ἔργον δικαιοσύνης) τὸ ἔ. τῶν χειρῶν τινος the work of someone’s hands=what someone has made Ac 7:41; Rv 9:20 (cp. Is 17:8; Just., A I, 20, 5 al.). Of the world as created by God (Celsus 4, 99) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; Ar 4:24 al.); 2:7 v.l.; B 5:10; 15:3. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ διαβόλου the devil’s undertakings or enterprises (Arrian, Anab. 1, 11, 7 Τρωικὸν ἔ.=the Trojan undertaking, of the Trojan War) 1J 3:8. τὰ ἔργα τῆς θηλείας the works of the female (w. ref. to sensual desire like Horapollo 1, 11 p. 18 θηλείας ἔργον and Longus 4, 19, 5 ἔργα γυναικῶν) GEg 252, 56. Of adultery Rv 2:22.
    ④ someth. having to do with someth. under discussion, thing, matter (Hom. et al.) Ac 5:38. κρεῖττον IRo 2:1 (cp. GrBar 5:3 μείζονα τούτων ἔργα). ἔ. εὐφροσύνης a joyful thing B 10:11; οὐ πεισμονῆς τὸ ἔ. not a matter of persuasion IRo 3:3. οὐ νῦν ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἔ. it is not a matter of what we now profess IEph 14:2. Perh. also 1 Ti 3:1 (s. 2 above).—JKleist, ‘Ergon’ in the Gospels: CBQ 6, ’44, 61–68. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔργον

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