actum+est

rē-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3 (old form of subj. perf. respexis, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 19; id. Most. 2, 2, 90; id. Rud. 3, 3, 16), v. n. and a., to look back or behind, to look about, look; to see behind one; to look back upon, to look at, look to or for any thing (very freq. and class.).

Lit.

Neutr.:

respicere quasi retro aspicere, Varro Manio: sedens... neque post respiciens, neque ante prospiciens,

Non. p. 442, 31 sq. (cf. infra, b):

longe retro respicere non possunt,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 6; Liv. 21, 22, 7; cf. Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

subito exaudivit hinnitum respexitque et equum alacrem laetus aspexit,

id. ib. 1, 33 fin.: Er. Ergasilum qui vocat? He. Respice... respice ad me, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 54 sq.:

huc ad aliquem,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 61; so,

ad aliquem,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 20; id. Cas. 3, 5, 10; id. Ps. 1, 3, 16; id. Poen. 4, 2, 35; id. Truc. 2, 2, 2; Ter. And. 2, 5, 6; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 13 al.; cf.:

nocte ad oppidum,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 69:

patriae ad oras,

Ov. M. 11, 547:

ad libellos,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; 11, 2, 45; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

ad laevam,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 8:

in aliquem,

App. M. 2, p. 118:

huc,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 30; id. Rud. 3, 4, 2; id. Truc. 1, 2, 20; 21:

tanta militum virtus fuit, ut non modo de vallo decederet nemo, sed paene ne respiceret quidem quisquam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

transque caput jace, nec respexeris,

Verg. E. 8, 102:

respicit Aeneas subito,

id. A. 6, 548:

a tergo,

id. ib. 8, 697:

quod respicere vetitus est,

Liv. 21, 22.—

Act. (in lit. sense rare in good prose, but freq. in all styles in the trop. signif.; v. infra, II.):

ipsi Respiciunt atram in nimbo volitare favillam,

look back on, see behind them, Verg. A. 5, 666:

modo Prospicit occasus, interdum respicit ortus,

Ov. M. 2, 190:

respice me et relinque egentem parasitum,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 7:

repudia istos comites atque hoc respice et revortere,

id. Merc. 5, 2, 30:

proxima respiciens signa,

Caes. B. C. 2, 39; cf.

Caesarem,

id. ib. 3, 91:

(Hannibalem) respexisse saepe Italiae litora,

Liv. 30, 20, 7:

nec prius amissam (Creüsam) respexi animumve reflexi, Quam, etc.,

Verg. A. 2. 741; id. G. 4, 491; Ov. M. 11, 66; cf.:

ut stetit et frustra absentem respexit amicum,

Verg. A. 9, 389:

instantem tergo Cloanthum,

id. ib. 5, 168:

donec versas ad litora puppes Respiciunt,

id. ib. 10, 269; cf. id. ib. 5, 666:

oculis pignora cara,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 60: medio cum Sol altissimus orbe Tantum respiceret, quantum superesse videret, looked back upon, i. e. had already passed over, id. M. 11, 354. —

Trop.

In gen., to look, have regard, turn attention.

Neutr.:

neque se in multa simul intendere animus totum potest: et, quocumque respexit, desinit intueri, quod propositum erat,

at whatsoever it looks, Quint. 10, 3, 23:

si propter singula verba ad singulas formas respiciendum erit,

id. 11, 2, 26; cf.:

non respiciendum ad haec,

id. 7, 10, 14:

M. Bibulus cuncta administrabat: ad hunc summa imperii respiciebat,

looked to him, was centred in him, Caes. B. C. 3, 5 fin.; cf.:

periculum (emptionis) ad venditorem respicere,

Dig. 18, 6, 4 (with ad venditorem pertinere). —

Act., to look at, regard, look to:

quom respicias immensi temporis omne Praeteritum spatium,

Lucr. 3, 854; cf.:

quoad longissime potest mens mea respicere spatium praeteriti temporis,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1: cum vastitatem Italiae respexerint, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 1: subsidia, quae respicerent in re trepidā, etc., which they might look to, i. e. from which they might expect aid, Liv. 4, 46; cf.:

ne respicere spem ullam ab Romanis posset,

id. 4, 17:

respicere exemplar vitae morumque jubebo Doctum imitatorem,

to look at, have in his eye, Hor. A. P. 317:

de te pendentis, te respicientis amici,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 105. — With rel.-clause:

quid sit prius actum, respicere aetas Nostra nequit, nisi, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 1446; cf. id. 3, 972:

respiciens, an vera soror,

Val. Fl. 6, 661.—

Pregn., to look at with solicitude, i. e. to have a care for, regard, be mindful of, consider, respect, etc. (in this sense mostly act.; cf. provideo).

Of a protecting deity:

di homines respiciunt,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 29:

deus respiciet nos aliquis,

id. Bacch. 4, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 34; id. Hec. 5, 2, 6:

nisi quis nos deus respexerit,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 6: [p. 1581] Sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor, Hor. C. 1, 2, 36; Verg. E. 1, 28:

nisi idem deus, qui, etc., respexerit rem publicam,

Cic. Att. 7, 1, 2:

et me et te, nisi quid dī respiciunt, perdidi,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 19.— Hence, Rēspĭcĭens, the Provident, an epithet of Fortuna:

ad opem ferendam,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Inscr. Orell. 477; 1766.—

Rarely, in a bad sense, of an avenging deity: at vos, devota capita, respiciant di perjuriorum vindices,

may they remember it against you, Just. 14, 4, 10.—

Of persons that have a care or regard for any thing:

hercle alius nemo respicit nos,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 55; so,

aliquem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 19; id. Aul. 2, 2, 54:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11; id. Ad. 5, 8, 9:

miseros aratores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 10, § 26; Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

sin Caesarem respiciant,

id. B. C. 1, 1; Mart. 10, 10, 5:

non Pylium Nestora respicis,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 22:

quantum quisque ferat respiciendus erit,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 38: mox deos respexere;

restitui Capitolium placuit,

bethought themselves of, Tac. H. 4, 4:

aetatem tuam,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 87:

populi Romani commoda (with prospicere),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 127:

salutem cum meam tum aliorum,

id. Planc 38, 91; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 5:

rem publicam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 46, 118; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 3:

mala sua,

Lucr. 4, 1159 et saep. —With se, to think of or have regard for one ' s self, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 18; 5, 1, 46; Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 79; id. pro Scaur. Fragm. 41, p. 267 Orell.: quod si Caesar se respexerit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 8.—With ad (Quintilian):

ad utilitatem Ligarii respicit,

looks to the advantage of, Quint. 9, 2, 28; so,

modice ad hanc partem,

id. 9, 4, 36:

Graecas litteras (corresp. to studere Latinis),

id. 1, 12, 6:

saepius ad curam rerum ab elocutione,

id. 10, 1, 120.—With an abstr. subj.:

si quid pietas antiqua labores Respicit humanos,

Verg. A. 5, 689.— With object-clause, to observe, perceive, notice:

respicio nihili meam vos gratiam facere,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 68.

sŭbĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3 (sūbĭgĭt, scanned with u long, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 47, 106), v. a. [sub-ago], to bring under, get under; bring or get up, or up to any place.

Lit. (mostly poet.):

sues antequam aestus incipiat, subigunt in umbrosum locum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 6:

qui adverso flumine lembum Remigiis subigit,

i. e. rows up stream, Verg. G. 1, 202:

naves ad castellum,

Liv. 26, 7:

classem ad moenia,

Sil. 15, 218:

saxum contra ardua montis,

id. 13, 610:

frondosum apicem ad sidera,

id. 17, 641 et saep.:

celsos sonipedes ocius subigit jugo,

brings under the yoke, Sen. Hippol. 1002.—In mal. part.:

ancillam,

i. e. to lie with, Aus. Epigr. 142; cf. Suet. Caes. 49.—

In gen., to turn up from beneath, to break up, dig up, plough, cultivate; to work, knead; to rub down, sharpen, whet; to tame, break (class.;

syn. domo): terram ferro,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45 fin.:

locum subigere oportet bene: ubi erit subactus, areas facito,

to turn over and over, turn up, Cato, R. R. 161, 1: segetes aratris, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 9:

agrum bipalio,

Col. 3, 5, 3:

glebas,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

vomere terram,

Ov. M. 11, 31:

arva,

Verg. G. 1, 125.— Poet.:

ratem conto,

to work, move, Verg. A. 6, 302:

pontum remis,

i. e. to plough, furrow, Val. Fl. 1, 471:

farinam in mortarium indito, aquae paulatim addito subigitoque pulchre: ubi bene subegeris, defingito,

knead it thoroughly, Cato, R. R. 74; so,

corium pilis,

id. ib. 18, 7: harenam argillae usque ad lentorem, id. ap. Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 111:

panem,

Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 105:

aliquid oleo,

id. 32, 10, 44, § 126:

digitis opus,

Ov. M. 6, 20:

subigunt in cote secures,

i. e. sharpen, Verg. A. 7, 627:

pressa manu (pecudum) terga,

to rub down, Col. 6, 30, 1:

(beluam) facilem ad subigendum frenat,

easy to be tamed, Cic. Rep. 2, 40, 67; cf.

vitulos,

Col. 6, 2, 1:

ubera,

Vulg. Ezech. 23, 3.—

Trop.

To put down, overcome, conquer, subjugate, subject, subdue, etc. (freq. in prose and poetry):

plerique omnes subiguntur sub suum judicium,

Naev. Bell. Pan. Fr. Inc. 7 (p. 18 Vahl.):

Persas, Paphlagonas... subegit solus,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 78: tertiam partem orbis terrarum, Cic. [p. 1777] Rosc. Am. 36, 103:

quos armis subegimus,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

Gallia devicta et subacta,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

urbes atque nationes,

Sall. C. 2, 2:

totam inter Alpes fretumque Italiam armis,

Flor. 1, 26, 9:

Africam,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 14; Just. 30, 3, 9:

poëtae consuetudine subigere aures populi debent,

Varr. L. L. 9, 11, 130:

nos in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 38:

vitulos,

to break in, Col. 6, 2:

bos subactus,

id. 6, 3.— Plur. subst.:

victi ac subacti,

Cic. Font. 16, 36.— Absol.: mors amici subigit, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22.—In mal. part. (cf. signif. I.): Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem, Poët. ap. Suet. Caes. 49.—

To bring, incite, impel; to force, compel, constrain to any thing; constr. with ut, ad, or in aliquid; rarely with inf.:

subegi, fenore argentum ab danistā ut sumeret,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 14:

tu me numquam subiges, redditum ut reddam tibi,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 8:

subigor, ut, etc.,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 6; cf.:

nec subigi queantur, ut, etc.,

id. Pers. 2, 2, 12:

ut ederet socios, subigi non potuit,

Tac. A. 2, 40:

egestate stipendii ad deditionem subigi,

id. H. 3, 8:

ad deditionem Volscos,

Liv. 6, 2:

hostes ad deditionem,

id. 9, 41; 9, 1:

urbes metu subactae in dicionem,

id. 28, 43:

hostes fame in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 18:

vis subegit verum fateri,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 9:

Tarquiniensem metu subegerat frumentum exercitui praebere,

Liv. 9, 41:

subegit socios ignotae linquere terrae,

Verg. A. 5, 794:

ambitio multos mortalis falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5:

injuria te subegit decernere, etc.,

id. ib. 51, 18; cf. Tac. A. 1, 39:

insidiis subactus,

Verg. A. 12, 494.—

(Acc. to I. B.) To cultivate, of the mind; to train, discipline (very rare):

subacto mihi ingenio opus est, ut agro non semel arato sed novato et iterato, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

subacti atque durati bellis,

Liv. 42, 52.