ab-judico

jūdĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 (judicassit for judicaverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6), v. a. [judex], to examine judicially, to judge, be a judge, pass judgment, decide (syn.: judicium facio, reddo; class.).

Lit.:

si recte et ordine judicaris,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

cum magistratus judicassit,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 6:

ordo alius ad res judicandas postulatur,

id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

aliquid contra aliquem,

id. Fl. 4, 11:

judicare, deberi viro dotem,

id. Caecin. 25 fin.:

homo in rebus judicandis spectatus et cognitus,

id. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

judicantem vidimus Aeacum,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 22:

ad judicandum evocari,

Suet. Galb. 14:

ne aut spoliaret fama probatum virum, si contra judicavisset,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77:

de bene meritis civibus potestas judicandi,

id. Mil. 2, 4:

res,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 20; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76:

ex aequo et bono,

id. Caecin. 23, 63:

mihi tris hodie litis judicandas dicito,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 10.—With kindred acc.: inclytum judicium, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114. —Esp.,

To condemn = damnare;

quo jam diu sum judicatus,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20:

judicati atque addicti,

Liv. 6, 34, 2; 6, 14, 10:

judicatum pecuniae,

id. 6, 14, 3:

quoad vel capitis vel pecuniae judicasset privato,

id. 26, 3, 8:

quique judicati pecuniae in vinculis essent,

id. 23, 14, 3:

judicare aliquem pecuniae,

to fine, Gell. 20, 1, 47:

alicui perduellionem judicare,

Liv. 1, 26.—

Transf. beyond the legal sphere.

To judge, judge of a thing:

aliquid oculorum fallacissimo sensu,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

quod egomet multis argumentis jam antea judicāram,

id. Fam. 3, 4, 1:

sic statuo et judico, neminem, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 22.—

To declare, proclaim a person to be any thing:

judicetur non verbo sed re, non modo non consul, sed etiam, hostis Antonius,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14:

Deiotarum unum fidelem populo Romano,

id. ib. 11, 13, 34:

cujus rei exemplum pulcherrimum judicarem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77.—

To determine, resolve, conclude:

de itinere ipsos brevi tempore judicaturos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—

To adjudge, make over to a person:

nam ego ad Menaechmum nunc eo, cui jam diu Sum judicatus (al. quo),

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20:

judicata pecunia,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 8.—Hence, jūdĭ-cātus, a, um, P. a., decided, determined:

mihi judicatum est deponere illam personam,

I am determined, Cic. Fam. 7, 33, 2:

res judicata,

a decided matter taken as a precedent for other cases, id. Top. 5, 28; Quint. 5, 2, 1:

infirmatio rerum judicatarum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 3, 8.—Also, sentenced, condemned:

judicatum duci,

Cic. de Or. 2, 63. —Hence, subst.: jūdĭcātum, i, n., a matter judged or decided; a decision, judgment, precedent, authority:

judicatum est id, de quo sententia lata est, aut decretum interpositum,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19:

judicatum est, de quo ante jam sententia alicujus... constitutum est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68; id. Flac. 20, 48:

quamvis postea judicatum fiat, tamen actio data non intercidit,

Dig. 27, 3, 21.—

An award, a fine:

solvere,

Cic. Quint. 13, 44; 7, 29.— Adv.: jūdĭcātō, deliberately (post-class.), Gell. 14, 1.

to condemn, judge, try

jūdĭcātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., v. judico fin.

jūdĭcātus, ūs, m. [judico], a judgeship, the office of a judge (rare but class.):

isti ordini judicatus lege Julia non patebit,

Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

judicatu illo solvi,

Gell. 14, 2, 25.

ad-jūdĭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to grant or award a thing to one, as judge, to adjudge (opp. abjudico).—With acc. and dat.

Lit.: me est aequum frui fraternis armis mihique adjudicarier, Poët. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 26, 42:

regnum Ptolemaeo,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17; 2, 43:

mulierem Veneri in servitutem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 17, 56:

Bruto legiones,

id. Phil. 10, 6; so id. Off. 1, 10; Liv. 3, 72; Val. Max. 7, 3; Suet. Aug. 32 al.:

nemo dubitabat, quin domus nobis esset adjudicata,

Cic. Att. 42; so Caes. B. G. 7, 37; cf. Sen. Hipp. 109.—And poet. of Augustus:

si quid abest (i. e. dicioni Romanorum nondum subjectum) Italis adjudicat armis,

i. e. like a judge, he subjects the nations to the Roman sway, merely by his arbitrary sentence, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 57:

causam alicui,

to decide in one's favor, Cic. de Or. 2, 29, 129.—

In gen., to assign or ascribe a thing to one:

Pompeius saepe hujus mihi salutem imperii adjudicavit,

has ascribed to me, Cic. Att. 1, 19:

optimum saporem ostreis Lucrinis adjudicavit,

conceded, Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 168.

Men. 1, 3, 6, Ritschl reads tu judicato.

cēnseo (on the long e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, censum (late Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; but not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. [etym. dub.; often referred to root cas-, whence carmen, camoenus; but prob. from centum, orig. centere, to hundred or number the people; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373].

To tax, assess, rate, estimate.

In reference to the census (v. census).

Of the censor (v. censor).

Rarely act. with acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; but usu. pass., with subj. -nom.:

censores populi aevitates, suboles, familias, pecuniasque censento,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30:

censor ad quojus censionem, id est arbitrium, populus censeretur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Mull.:

census... indicat eum qui sit census se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentis censere jubere, P. Scipio ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne absens censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8:

sub lustrum censeri,

id. ib.:

milia octoginta eo lustro civium censa dicuntur,

Liv. 1, 44, 2:

censa civium capita centum septendecim milia trecenta undeviginti,

id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14:

censebantur ejus aetatis lustris ducena quinquagena milia capitum,

id. 9, 19, 2:

cum capitum liberorum censa essent CLII. milia,

Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—

With the amount at which the property was rated, in the acc.: or abl.:

praesertim census equestrem Summam nummorum,

being assessed with the estate necessary to a Roman knight, Hor. A. P. 383:

primae classis homines quicentum et viginti quinque milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore summa aeris censebantur,

Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those who were assessed ac cording to their ability to labor: qui nullo [p. 312] aut perquam parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus autem census capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis septuaginta quinque, Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1;

and in the finite verb: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur,

Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —

Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = census agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec frequentia quae convenit ludorum censendique causa (i.e. census agendi causa, for the sake of the census), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54:

mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem operosam... suo proprio magistratu egere... cui arbitrium formulae censendi subiceretur,

the scheme for taking the census, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

quia is censendo finis factus est,

id. 1, 44, 2:

civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt,

Vell. 2, 15:

aetatem in censendo significare necesse est... aetas autem spectatur censendi tempore,

Dig. 50, 15, 3.—

Censum censere = censum agere, only in the gerundial dat.:

illud quaero, sintne illa praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile,

are they subject to the census, Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., that he would add a rule for the taking of the census, according to which, etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri proprie appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Mull.—

Of the assessment of the provinces under provincial officers (censores, and, under the later emperors, censitores).

Pass., with the territory as subject-nom.: quinto quoque anno Sicilia tota censetur;

erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa denuo est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:

omne territorium censeatur quoties, etc.,

Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—

The persons assessed as subject:

ubi (coloni) censiti atque educati natique sunt,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6:

quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit,

ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With part. as attribute:

rusticos censitosque servos vendi,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—

To determine by the census:

cum antea per singulos viros, per binas vero mulieres capitis norma sit censa,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10:

nisi forte privilegio aliquo materna origo censeatur,

Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—

Act. with acc.:

vos terras vestras levari censitione vultis, ego vero etiam aerem vestrum censere vellem,

Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—

Of the person assessed, to value, make a statement of one ' s property in the census.

Act. with acc.:

in qua tribu ista praedia censuisti?

Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—

Censeri, as dep. with acc.:

census es praeterea numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse censum, constabat inter omnes, si aliena censendo Decianus sua facere posset, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—

Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. high estimates of property in the census, Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).

Transf., of things and persons in gen., to value, estimate, rate.

By a figure directly referring to the Roman census: aequo mendicus atque ille opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem mortuus, will be rated by an equal census, i.e. in the same class, without considering their property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis ope vostra censerier, referring to a part of the audience, you, who may be rated according to your intelligence, analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. b), id. Capt. prol. 15:

nam argumentum hoc hic censebitur,

will be rated, its census-class will be determined here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in quoque optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to which he is rated, i.e. his worth is determined, Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And with two acc.: quintus Phosphorus, Junonia, immo Veneris stella censetur, is ranked as the fifth, App. de Mundo, p. 710.—

With direct reference to the census.

= aestimo, to estimate, weigh, value, appreciate.

With gen. of price:

dic ergo quanti censes?

Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—

In the pass.: si censenda nobis atque aestimanda res sit, utrum tandem pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we have to weigh and estimate a thing, etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48:

anule... In quo censendum nil nisi dantis amor,

Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2:

interim autem facta sola censenda dicit atque in judicium vocanda,

Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—

= honorari, celebrari, with de aliquo, = for the sake of somebody (in Ovid):

pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, amicus, Comprecor, etc.,

the friend for the sake of whom you are celebrated, who is the cause of your renown, Ov. P. 2, 5, 73:

hoc domui debes de qua censeris,

id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—

Censeri, dep., = to distinguish, with acc. only once or twice in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. b):

hanc semper... Est inter comites Marcia censa suas,

has always distinguished her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—

Censeri aliqua re.

= to be appreciated, distinguished, celebrated for some quality, as if the quality were a standard determining the census, analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. b), very freq. in post-class. writings:

Democritus cum divitiis censeri posset,

when he might have been celebrated for his wealth, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4:

Aristides quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitia),

id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode matronalis stola censetur ( = tua, i.e. pudicitiae, custodia), the stola, etc., is appreciated for thy custody, id. 6, 1 prooem.:

una adhuc victoria Carius Metius censebatur,

Tac. Agr. 45:

ut ipsi quoque qui egerunt non aliis magis orationibus censeantur,

id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus tantum censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is celebrated not only for its grapes, but, etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12:

et Galliae censentur hoc reditu,

id. 19, 1, 2, § 7:

quisquis paulo vetustior miles, hic te commilitone censetur,

is distinguished for the fact that you were his fellow-soldier, Plin. Pan. 15 fin.:

multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur,

Suet. Gram. 10:

felix quae tali censetur munere tellus,

Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo tellus, = for the fact that Livy was born there, id. 1, 61, 3:

hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi,

for the fact that Nestor used them, id. 8, 6, 9:

nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit (Iberia),

Claud. Laud. Seren. 67:

libri mei non alia laude carius censentur, quam quod judicio vestro comprobantur,

App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,

= to be known by something (Appuleian):

hoc nomine censebatur jam meus dominus,

App. M. 8, p. 171:

nomen quo tu censeris aiebat,

id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro studio bibendi quo solo censetur, either known by, or distinguished for, id. Mag. p. 499:

globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur,

which is known by its unerring course, id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,

As gram. t. t., to be marked by some peculiarity, according to which a word is classified: neque de armis et moeniis infitias eo quin figura multitudinis perpetua censeantur, that they are marked by the form of constant plurality, i. e. that they are pluralia tantum, Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.

Of transactions in and by the Senate, to judge (in the meanings II. and III. the passive voice is not in class. use, while in I. the passive voice is by far the most freq.).

To be of opinion, to propose, to vote, to move, referring to the votes of the senators when asked for their opinions (sententiam dicere).

With a (passive) inf.-clause, denoting what should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, quid censes? tum ille Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, I am of the opinion ( I move, propose) that satisfaction should be sought, etc., ancient formula ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.:

primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:

hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum,

id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf.

Regulus's advice in the Senate, being represented as a vote: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111:

quare ita ego censeo... de confessis more majorum supplicium sumendum,

Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14:

Appius imperio consulari rem agendam censebat,

Liv. 2, 23, 15:

ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent,

id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figenda in curia censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57:

ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint,

Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the emperor's vote in the Senate:

commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrina nostratem requirendam,

Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And with the copula expressed (very rare):

qui censet eos... morte esse multandos,

Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to sententia as subject:

sententia quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant),

Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes with oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.:

quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere,

Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial:

hac corona civica L. Gellius in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publica censuit,

Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the opinion of the senator does not refer to the chief question, but to incidental points, the predic. inf. may have any form:

eas leges quas M. Antonius tulisse dicitur omnes censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10:

cum magna pars senatus... cum tyrannis bellum gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc.,

Liv. 26, 32, 2.—

With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, generally when the clause has an active predicate, but also with passives instead of the gerundial inf.-clause:

de ea re ita censeo uti consules designati dent operam uti senatus Kal. Jan. tuto haberi possit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37:

censeo ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne sit ea res fraudi, si, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 12, 34:

censebant omnes fere (senatores) ut in Italia supplementum meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur,

id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:

Cn. Pompeius (in senatu) dixit, sese... censere ut ad senatus auctoritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adjungeretur,

id. Sest. 34, 74:

quas ob res ita censeo: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc.... iis fraudi ne sit quod cum M. Antonio fuerint,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

Calidius, qui censebat ut Pompeius in suas provincias proficisceretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 2:

censuerunt quidam (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur,

Suet. Tib. 17:

iterum censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the emperor's vote in the Senate),

id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-clause, with neu or ut:

sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu quis postea de his ad senatum referat, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 43:

qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat,

Tac. A. 4, 20.—

With a subj.-clause, without ut (rare in this connection;

v. III. C. 3.): K. Fabius censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum munus facere, captivum agrum plebi quam maxime aequaliter darent,

Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And ironically with regard to incidental points: vereamini censeo ne... nimis aliquid severe statuisse videamini, I propose you should be afraid of having decreed too severe a punishment = of course, you will not be afraid, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini censeo—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—atque etiam armatos dimittatis, I propose that you pity them, etc., or I advise you to be merciful, Sall. C. 52, 26.—

Ellipt., with a gerundial clause understood:

dic quid censes (i. e. decernendum),

Liv. 1, 32, 11: quod ego mea sententia censebam (i.e. decernendum), Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

senati decretum fit, sicut ille censuerat,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

quas ob res ita censeo... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum censeo, etc.),

Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—

= sententiam dicere, to tell, to express one ' s opinion in the Senate (post-class.).

Absol.: Priscus Helvidius.. contra studium ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an opinion against his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91:

cum parum sit, in senatu breviter censere, nisi, etc.,

id. Dial. 36 fin.:

sententias... prout libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum magis quam adsentiendum esset,

Suet. Aug. 35:

igitur Cn. Piso, quo, inquit, loco censebis, Caesar? si primus, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 74.—

With adjectives in the neuter, substantively used: nec quoquam reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, who dared to express an opinion on any [p. 313] thing, Suet. Caes. 20:

per dissensionem diversa censentium,

of the senators who expressed different opinions, id. Claud. 10.—

With interrog. or rel.-clause:

deinde ageret senatorem et censeret quid corrigi aut mutari vellet,

Tac. A. 16, 28:

cum censeat aliquis (in senatu) quod ex parte mihi placeat,

Sen. Ep. 21, 9.

Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to resolve, decree.

With inf.-clause.

With gerund, without copula (v. II. A. 1.):

eum, cujus supplicio senatus sollennes religiones expiandas saepe censuit,

Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

eos senatus non censuit redimendos,

id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:

senatus Caelium ab republica removendum censuit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

senatus censuit frequens coloniam Labicos deducendam,

Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4:

cum bello persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent,

id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—

With pres. inf. pass. or act., with the force of a gerundial:

de bonis regiis quae reddi antea censuerant ( = reddenda),

Liv. 2, 5, 1:

munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres),

id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.):

eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant,

id. 45, 12, 13:

cum senatus unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset,

Suet. Caes. 26.—With both act. and pass. inf.:

censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam rursus fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere,

Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With both pres. pass. and gerund. inff.:

haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda comitia consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici,

Liv. 27, 5, 14.—

And with velle: senatus verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4.—

With ut or ne.

In the words of the Senate, according to formula: quod L. Opimius verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L. Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet, etc., ancient S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: quod, etc., de ea re ita censuerunt ut M. Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And with gerundial inf.-clause: quod C. Julius pontifex... de ea re ita censuerunt, uti M. Antonius consul hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset satis habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—

As related by the historians, etc.:

quoniam senatus censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

patres censuerunt uti consules provincias inter se compararent,

Liv. 30, 40, 12:

senatus censuit ut domus ei... publica impensa restitueretur,

Suet. Claud. 6;

so with reference to the civil law,

Dig. 49, 14, 15 quater. —With ne:

senatum censuisse, ne quis illo anno genitus educaretur,

Suet. Aug. 94.—And with inf -clause:

filio regis Nicomedi ex ea summa munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur,

Liv. 45, 44, 15.—

With a subj.-clause (very rare):

senatus consulto quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc.,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—

With neutr. acc. pron. in place of a clause:

cum vero id senatus frequens censuisset (sc. faciendum),

Cic. Pis. 8, 18:

ite in suffragium, et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete,

Liv. 31, 7, 14:

quodcunque vos censueritis,

id. 34, 7, 15:

quodpatres censuissent,

id. 28, 45, 2.—

With accusative of a noun, or a noun as passive subject, to decree or vote a thing (postclass.):

nec tamen repertum nisi ut effigies principum, aras deum, templa et arcus aliaque solita... censuere,

Tac. A. 3, 57:

aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere,

id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur clipeus auro et magnitudine insignis inter auctores eloquentiae ( to be placed among, etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—

With both acc. and dat.

The dat. = against:

bellum Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et populus jussit,

Liv. 10, 12, 3.—

The dat. = in behalf of:

censentur Ostorio triumphi insignia,

Tac. A. 12, 38.—And with ut:

sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere,

id. ib. 13, 8.

Transf.

Of the opinions and resolutions of other deliberating bodies, or of their members, to resolve, or to be of opinion.

With inf.-clause.

Gerundial:

erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum (council of war),

Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent,

id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77:

pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi... pecunia publica aedificandam domum censuerunt,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52: nunc surgendum censeo, I move we adjourn (in a literary meeting), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent,

Liv. 5, 23, 9:

nunc has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an assembly of the people),

id. 5, 53, 3:

ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate),

id. 21, 10, 13:

ante omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... censeo deducendos esse (Hannibal in a council of war),

id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12:

cum septem judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum exilio multandum, duo alii pecunia, tres reliqui capite puniendum,

Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And with oportere inst. of a gerundial clause (referring to duty):

neque sine gravi causa eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With opus esse ( = expediency):

Parmenio furto, non proelio opus esse censebat,

Curt. 10, 8, 12.—

With ordinary pres. inf.

In place of a gerundial:

Antenor censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a council of war),

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—

Denoting opinion about an existing state:

Hasdrubal ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram adhuc Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus satis fidam censebat,

Liv. 27, 20, 6:

Parmenio non alium locum proelio aptiorem esse censebat,

Curt. 3, 7, 8.—

With ut or ne:

censeo ut satis diu te putes requiesse et iter reliquum conficere pergas (in a literary meeting),

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent (council of war),

Caes. B. C. 1, 67:

et nunc magnopere censere, ut unam anum... triginta milibus talentum auri permutet (council of war),

Curt. 4, 11, 12:

censeout D. Claudius ex hac die deus fiat (council of the gods),

Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos audio censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved (family council), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—

With subj.-clause:

nunc quoque arcessas censeo omnes navalis terrestrisque copias (Hannibal in council of war),

Liv. 36, 7, 17: censeo relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum (assembly of the people), Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—

With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used:

ego pro sententia mea hoc censeo: quandoquidem, etc.,

Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4:

nec dubitavere quin vera censeret,

that his opinion was correct, Curt. 10, 6, 18.—

Ellipt.:

sententiis quarum pars deditionem, pars eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam),

Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.:

ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit,

Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.

Of the orders of persons in authority (cf. II. B.).

Of commanders, etc., by courtesy, inst. of velle, imperare, or a direct imperative sentence.

With gerundial inf. - clause: non tam imperavi quam censui sumptus legatis quam maxime ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not strictly as an order, but as an opinion that, etc. (Cicero as proconsul), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—

With subj.-clause: arma quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, you had better, etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —

Of an order by the people (rare;

gen. populus jubet): ita id (foedus) ratum fore si populus censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse),

Liv. 21, 19, 3.—

Of the later emperors, in their ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the custom of the earlier emperors, who conveyed their commands in the form of an opinion in the senate; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.clause, ut, ne, and subj.-clause:

sex mensium spatium censemus debere servari,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7:

censemus ut, etc.,

ib. 12, 37 (38), 13:

censemus ne, etc.,

ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23:

in commune jubes si quid censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.

Of advice, given by one person to another (further development of III. A.).

Ante-class. formula: faciundum censeo = I advise, with ut-clause, with quid, sic, etc.: censeo faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam ire jubeas, etc., I advise you to order, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6:

ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat,

consult Tiresias as to what he advises, for his advice, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80:

consulam hanc rem amicos quid faciundum censeant,

id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

sic faciundum censeo: Da isti cistellam, etc.,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 104:

ego sic faciundum censeo: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc.,

id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91:

sane faciundum censeo,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—

With ordinary gerundial inf.-clauses:

narrandum ego istuc militi censebo,

I advise you to let the soldier know that, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42:

exorando sumendam operam censeo,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 22:

quid nunc consili captandum censes?

id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115:

idem tibi censeo faciendum,

Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3:

quos quidem tibi studiose et diligenter tractandos magno opere censeo,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere with an inf.-clause (in the comic poets):

amicos consulam quo me modo Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui homo cum animo... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum animus aequom censeat, An ita potius ut parentes... velint i. e. as his mind prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—

With a subj.clause (so esp. with censeo in 1 st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do you advise me to ask the man? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20:

tu, si videbitur, ita censeo facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum censeo ut, 1. supra),

Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

immo plane, inquam, Brute, legas (Gracchum) censeo,

id. Brut. 33, 125:

tu, si forte quid erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas censeo,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7:

tu, censeo, tamen adhibeas Vettium,

id. Att. 2, 4, 7:

quae disputari de amicitia possunt, ab iis censeo petatis qui ista profitentur,

id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, censeo, Luceriam venias: nusquam eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A:

censeo Via Appia iter facias, et celeriter Brundusium venias,

id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas censeo, et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos tamen numeros censeo videas hodou parergon, Gell. 17, 20, 5:

quam scit uterque, libens censebo exerceat artem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an advice given to an adversary, with irony:

cetera si qua putes te occultius facere posse... magnopere censeo desistas,

I strongly advise you to give up that idea, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:

sed tu, Acci, consideres censeo diligenter, utrum censorum judicium grave esse velis an Egnatii,

id. Clu. 48, 135:

postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... numquam impetrabunt,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 97:

ibi quaeratis socios censeo, ubi Saguntina clades ignota est,

Liv. 21, 19, 10:

solvas censeo, Sexte, creditori,

Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in jest:

Treviros vites censeo, audio capitalis esse,

Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo... qua re ad patres censeo revertare,

id. ib. 9, 21, 3:

vites censeo porticum Philippi: si te viderit Hercules, peristi,

Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For ironical senatorial advice, by which the contrary is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—

With an ut-clause (with monere;

very rare): illud tamen vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse puta... ut tu quoque animum inducas, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—

With a clause understood: quo me vortam nescio: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum censeo (i.e. id facias or faciundum censeo), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53:

quid nunc censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum),

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112:

ita faciam ut frater censuit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11:

tibi igitur hoc censeo (i. e. faciendum): latendum tantisper ibidem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu [p. 314] potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita censeo, id. ib. 16, 20:

quid censes igitur? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc.,

id. Att. 9, 12, 4: quid igitur censet (sapientia)? What is wisdom ' s advice? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

scribi quid placeat, quid censeas,

id. Att. 9, 19,4:

ibitur igitur, et ita quidem ut censes,

id. ib. 10, 15, 3:

disce, docendus adhuc, quae censet amiculus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.

Of opinions and views on general questions, to be of opinion, think, believe, hold (cf.: statuo, existimo, puto, aio, dico; freq. in class. prose; very rare in post-class. writers except Gellius; never with ut, ne, or subj.-clause).

With inf.-clause:

Plato mundum esse factum censet a deo sempiternum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

Cyrenaici non omni malo aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato,

id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28:

(Hieronymus) censet summum bonum esse sine ulla molestia vivere,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 16:

Aristoteles eos qui valetudinis causa furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens,

id. Div. 1, 38, 81:

Pythagoras censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem,

id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88:

Plato in civitate communis esse mulieres censuit,

Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the opinion refers to what should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial predicate with esse (so in Cic., but in Gell. 7, 15, 3, without esse):

oportere delubra esse in urbibus censeo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26:

M. Varro aeditumum dici oportere censet,

Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2;

so with debere,

id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4:

Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116:

(Ennius) non censet lugendam esse mortem quam immortalitas consequatur,

id. Sen. 20, 73.—

An inf.-clause understood:

(dissensio est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur initium. Ego enim ab ultimis censeo (i. e. exordiendum esse),

Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65:

sic enim censuit,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—

With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc amplius censeo, in addition to the opinions mentioned I hold, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2:

nullo (medico) idem censente,

Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—

With a rel.-clause:

Aesopus quae utilia... erant, non severe neque imperiose praecepit et censuit,

he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—

Absol.:

non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus,

the right to impart my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.

In gen., = arbitror, puto, existimo, judico (cf.: idem enim valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere nunc significat putare, nunc suadere, nunc decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Mull.).

To judge, think, believe, suppose (freq. in ante-class. writings; very rare in Cic. except in the particular meanings, a.—ironically—and d.; always with inf.-clause expressed or understood).

In gen.:

atque ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.:

satis jam delusam censeo: rem, ut est, nunc eloquamur,

id. As. 3, 3, 141:

nam si honeste censeam te facere posse, suadeam,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 60:

neque ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse censeo,

id. Am. 1, 1, 126:

saluti quod tibi esse censeo,

id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, Cincius, Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:

eo namque omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules),

Liv. 7, 32, 3:

nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent,

id. 7, 31, 7:

quaeso ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas,

id. 7, 13, 8:

at illa purgare se, quod quae utilia esse censebat... suasisset,

Curt. 8, 3, 7: Alexander, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—

With reference to an erroneous opinion, to imagine, suppose, falsely believe:

censebam me effugisse a vita marituma Ne navigarem, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108:

omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi,

id. Am. prol. 122, 134:

jam hic ero, quom illic censebis esse me,

id. ib. 3, 3, 14:

ardere censui aedes,

id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

ego hunc censebam esse te,

id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88:

non ipsa saxa magis sensu omni vacabant quam ille... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And ironically:

nisi forte Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

nisi forte etiam illi Semproniano senatus consulto me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae quidem fui,

id. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

neminem me fortiorem esse censebam,

Curt. 8, 14, 42.—

Referring to what should take place.

With gerundial inf.-clause:

navis praedatoria, Abs qua cavendum nobis sane censeo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70:

soli gerundum censeo morem,

id. Most. 1, 3, 69:

neque vendundam censeo Quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17:

ceterum ei qui consilium adferret opem quoque in eam rem adferendam censebant esse,

Liv. 25, 11, 14.—

With oportere, debere, or an ordinary inf.-clause:

solam illi me soli censeo esse oportere obedientem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47:

quibus declaraveram, quo te animo censerem esse oportere, et quid tibi faciendum arbitrarer,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1:

rursus interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

Curt. 8, 14, 43: impudens postulatio visa est, censere... ipsos id (bellum) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to entertain the idea that they should direct that war against themselves and their own lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4:

munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

quae nos quoque sustinere censebat,

App. M. 11, p. 253.—

By aequum censere with ordinary inf.clause, expressed or understood, either = it is fair ( right) to do something, or something ought or should be done (so very freq. in the comic poets and Livy; rare in other writers): non ego istunc me potius quam te metuere aequom censeo, I do not think it right to fear him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: quid me aequom censes pro illa tibi dare? What do you think I should give as a fair price? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, I thought it my duty that my mind should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: ecquis est tandem qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas dare ob eam rem quod arguatur male facere voluisse? Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36:

quis aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi?

Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And without emphasis upon the idea of fairness or right:

si sunt ita ut ego aequom censeo,

as I think they ought to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42:

qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris ilico nasci senes,

who believe that we should be born as old men right from childhood, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10:

qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi,

Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant;

senatum quaerere de pecunia non relata in publicum... aequum censebant,

Liv. 38, 54, 5:

cives civibus parcere aequum censebat,

Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—

Very freq., esp. in Cic., when a question, rhetorical or real, is addressed to a second person, often referring to erroneous opinions:

an fores censebas nobis publicitus praeberier?

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7:

clanculum istaec te flagitia facere censebas potesse?

id. Men. 4, 2, 47:

hicine nos habitare censes?

id. Trin. 4, 3, 72:

omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu quia es?

id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: continuo dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35:

adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam?

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10:

nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, quid censes in Latino fore?

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15:

quid igitur censes? Apim illum nonne deum videri Aegyptiis?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:

quis haec neget esse utilia? quem censes?

id. Off. 3, 26, 99:

an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc.,

id. Sen. 23, 82:

an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis?

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4:

quid censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 (with obj.inf.).—With conditional period inst. of an inf.-clause:

num censes faceret, filium nisi sciret eadem haec velle,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.—

Sometimes censemus? is used in the same way as censes?

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—

With an inf.clause understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: quid ergo censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: quid illum censes? (i. e. eo loco facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12:

quid illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere),

id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, very freq. in the comic poets, censeo, absol., as an approving answer; also sic censeo, istuc censeo, ita censeo (Cic.) to be variously rendered: ego divinam rem intus faciam... So. Censeo, that will be right! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus quid agat: Ph. Sane censeo, so we will, indeed, id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: quid si recenti re aedis pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: quin eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, hercle, patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri etiam gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I think so (and after answering several questions with censeo): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non censeo. Pl. Nunc non censet quom volo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: male habeas! Mu. Sic censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, istuc censeo, id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.:

prorsus ita censeo, referring to general questions, as in D.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23);

once similarly censeas: Quid gravare? censeas!

Say yes, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—

To resolve, as a merely mental act, with gerundial inf.-clause (rare; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, Caesar maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to hasten, lit., thought he must hasten ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.:

censuimus igitur amplius quaerendum,

Gell. 12, 14, 7.—

To consider, i. e. after carefully weighing the circumstances, with inf.-clause (rare):

sed cum censerem... me et periculum vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea causa mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit,

Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—

= pu tare, habere, judicare, to consider as, to hold, with two acc., or inf.-clause.

With double acc.:

quom dispicias tristem, frugi censeas (i.e. eum),

you would consider him thrifty, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32:

auxilio vos dignos censet senatus,

considers you worthy of help, Liv. 7, 31, 2:

has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc.,

Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum nobilitas hostem patriae censuisset, judged, declared him the enemy, etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—

In the pass. with nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.):

praeter illas unam et viginti (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur,

Gell. 3, 3, 3:

quae terrena censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse),

are considered as being of the terrestrial kind, Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub aliquo censeri, to be considered as being under one ' s influence, id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 (with per).—

To wish, with subj.-clause or ne (in App.):

de coma pretiosi velleris floccum mihi confestim adferas censeo,

App. M. 6. [p. 315] p. 117:

censeo ne ulla cura os percolat,

id. Mag. p. 411.

censeo, ēre, = succenseo, to be angry: ne vobis censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24.

dī-jūdĭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

With the idea of the verb predominating, to judge by discerning or distinguishing; to decide, determine (class.).

Prop.:

ego dicam, quod mihi in mentem venit: tu dijudica,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 33; so absol., Quint. 12, 7, 8 al.:

aliena melius quam sua,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 98:

callide verbis controversias, non aequitate,

Cic. Caecin. 17, 49; so,

controversiam,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 6:

causam,

Liv. 40, 16:

litem,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 54 et saep.—With acc. and inf.:

quam (sc. uxorem) omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat,

judges, accounts, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 45.—With rel. clause:

neque dijudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44 fin. al.—

Transf., to decide by arms:

dijudicatā belli fortunā,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 6:

discordiae civium ferro,

Vell. 2, 3, 3.—

With the idea of the particle predominating, to discern by judging; to distinguish (between two):

vera et falsa,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 107; cf.:

recta ac prava,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 195:

jus et injuriam, honesta ac turpia (shortly before: legem bonam a mala dividere),

id. Leg. 1, 16, 44:

amorem verum et fictum,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 2:

benevolum et simulatorem,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 10;

also: vera a falsis, veri similia ab incredibilibus (with distinguere),

Cic. Part. 40, 139:

inter has sententias,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23;

for which simply: sententias subtilissime,

Gell. 2, 7, 2.—With rel. clause:

dijudicandum est, immodicum sit an grande,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 6.

ex-plōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to search out, seek to discover, to examine, investigate, explore (class.; in Cic. esp. freq. in the part. perf. and P. a.; syn.: speculor, scitor, sciscitor, percontor, quaero, interrogo).

In gen.

With acc.:

explora rem totam,

Cic. Att. 6, 8, 5:

fugam domini,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 17, § 44:

ambitum Africae,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 8:

altera (manus) motu caecum iter explorat,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

vehiculorum onera,

Suet. Tib. 18:

glebas gustu,

Col. 2, 2, 20:

panis potionisque bonitatem gustu,

Tac. A. 12, 66 et saep.:

ad explorandum idoneum locum castris,

for choosing out, Caes. B. C. 1, 81, 1:

insidias,

to seek out, Verg. G. 3, 537.—

With rel. clause:

explorare, qui homines inhabitarent,

Petr. 116:

apud se explorare, an expediat sibi consilium,

Dig. 17, 1, 2 fin.:

exploratum est, ubi controversia incipiat,

Quint. 7, 1, 8.—

In the part. perf., examined, ascertained, known:

exploratum et provisum,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 110:

jam explorata nobis sunt ea, quae, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

perspecta et explorata perscribere,

id. Att. 3, 15, 8; cf.:

res non incertis jactatae rumoribus, sed compertae et exploratae,

Liv. 42, 13, 1:

de numero eorum omnia se habere explorata Remi dicebant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 4; id. B. C. 2, 31, 5.—In abl. neutr. absol.: explorato, it being ascertained, i. e. when he knew:

explorato, jam profectos amicos,

Tac. H. 2, 49.

In partic.

In milit. lang., to spy out, reconnoitre:

speculatoribus in omnes partes dimissis, explorat, quo commodissime itinere vallum transire possit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49 fin.; cf. id. ib. 5, 50, 3:

itinera egressusque ejus, postremo loca atque tempora cuncta explorat,

Sall. J. 35, 5:

Siciliam adiit, Africam exploravit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 34:

occulte explorare loca,

Caes. B. C. 1, 66, 2:

explorato hostium consilio,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 2.—In the neutr. absol.:

ante explorato et subsidiis positis,

Liv. 23, 42, 9; so id. 23, 43, 7; 27, 2 fin. —

To try, test, put to the proof (perh. not ante-Aug.):

et suspensa focis explorat robora fumus,

Verg. G. 1, 175:

taurus in adversis explorat cornua truncis,

Luc. 2, 603; cf.:

hoc jugulo dextram explora,

Sil. 11, 358:

animos,

Ov. A. A. 1, 456; Liv. 37, 7, 10:

explorans quid hostes agerent,

id. 37, 28, 6:

haec exploranda per impigros juvenes esse,

id. 22, 55:

secundae res animos,

Tac. H. 1, 15:

tyranni fidem,

Luc. 8, 582.—Hence, explōrātus, a, um, P. a. Lit., ascertained; hence, established, confirmed, certain, sure:

ut ei jam exploratus et domi conditus consulatus videretur,

Cic. Mur. 24, 49: magna et prope explorata [p. 697] spes, id. Phil. 10, 10, 20; id. Off. 3, 33, 117; id. Tusc. 5, 9, 27:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52, 2:

ratio,

Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 64:

litterae exploratae a timore,

i. e. affording certainty, confidence, id. Att. 3, 17, 1 et saep.:

de quo mihi exploratum est, ita esse, ut scribis,

I am certain, convinced, id. Fam. 2, 16, 6; cf. id. Ac. 2, 17, 54:

quis est tam stultus, cui sit exploratum, se ad vesperum esse victurum?

id. de Sen. 19, 67:

in qua (amicitia) nihil fidum, nihil exploratum habeas,

id. Lael. 26, 97:

exploratam habere pacem,

id. Phil. 7, 6, 16:

(Deus) habet exploratum, fore, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 51:

pro explorato habebat, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 3.— Comp.:

facilior et exploratior devitatio legionum fore videtur, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 4.— Sup.:

exploratissima victoria,

Vell. 84, 1.— Adv.: explōrātē, with certainty, for a certainty, securely, surely (for the most part only in Cic.):

haec ita sentio, judico, ad te explorate scribo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b. 3; cf. judicare, Planc. in Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 6:

satis explorate perceptum et cognitum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 1, 1:

navigare,

id. Fam. 16, 8, 1.— Comp.:

exploratius promittere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 5.— Sup. seems not to occur.

frūgālĭtas, tātis, f. [frugalis, II.], economy, temperance, thriftiness, frugality; and in gen., worth, virtue (the Gr. sôphrosunê; class.).

Prop.:

omnes in illo sunt rege virtutes, sed praecipue singularis et admiranda frugalitas... ego frugalitatem, id est modestiam et temperantiam, virtutem maximam judico,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 26: vitae genus cum luxu aut cum frugalitate, Cels. praef. med.; cf.:

ex contrariis: frugalitas bonum, luxuria enim malum,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

quod cessat ex reditu, frugalitate suppletur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 3:

bona valetudo, quaeque eam maxime praestat frugalitas,

Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 3, 19; 12, 1, 8; Petr. 115:

frugalitas autem paupertas voluntaria est,

Sen. Ep. 17, 5:

luxurioso frugalitas poena est,

id. ib. 71, 23; id. Tranq. An. 1, 9.—Of speech:

quadam eloquentiae frugalitate contentos,

measure, Quint. 12, 10, 21.—

Transf., in concr. for fruges, fruits of the earth, App. M. 9, p. 233, 29.—

In a gen. sense, worth, virtue: temperans, quem Graeci sôphrona appellant, eamque virtutem sôphrosunên vocant, quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam:

sed haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, etc.... reliquas etiam virtutes frugalitas continet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, 36; Quint. 1, 6, 17; 29.

in-jūdĭcātus, a, um, adj. [2. in-judico].

Unsentenced, not formally tried by a judge: decem hominibus vitam eripis, indicta causa, injudicatis, incondemnatis, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12.—

Undecided:

id injudicatum relinquo,

Quint. 10, 1, 67:

res,

Gell. 5, 10, 15.

jūdĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [judico].

A judging, investigating (class.):

longi subsellii,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9, 2;

hence,

an inquiry into an accusation, a judicial examination of a cause, id. Inv. 1, 13, 18:

consilium est ratio quaedam habens in se et inventionem et judicationem,

Quint. 6, 5, 3.—

In gen., a judgment, opinion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 11, 26:

arbitralis,

Macr. S. 7, 1, 7:

poetarum et carminum,

a critical estimate, Mart. Cap. 4, § 338.

littĕrātus ( lītĕr-), a, um, adj. [littera], lettered, i. e.

Lit., marked with letters, branded:

ensiculus,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 112:

securicula,

id. ib. 115:

urna,

id. ib. 2, 5, 21:

laminae,

App. M. 3, p. 137, 7:

laciniae auro litteratae,

id. ib. 6, 174, 28:

servus,

a branded slave, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 49; cf.:

homunculi frontes litterati,

App. M. 9, p. 222, 30.—

Transf.

Learned, liberally educated:

Canius nec infacetus et satis litteratus,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58:

et litteratus et disertus,

id. Brut. 21, 81; id. Mur. 7, 16:

servi,

id. Brut. 22, 87:

quibus ineptiis nec litteratior fit quisquam nec melior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 13, 1.—Esp. of the learned expounders of the poets:

quem litteratissimum fuisse judico,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

appellatio grammaticorum Graecā consuetudine invaluit: sed initio litterati vocabantur,

Suet. Gram. 4.—

Of or belonging to learning, learned:

quid est enim dulcius otio litterato,

learned leisure, Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 105:

senectus,

id. Brut. 76, 265:

labor,

App. Mag. 4, p. 276, 8.—Hence, adv.: lit-tĕrātē.

With plain letters, in a clear hand:

rationes perscriptae scite et litterate,

Cic. Pis. 25, 61.—

Transf.

To the letter, literally:

litterate respondere,

Cic. Harusp. Resp. 8, 17.—

Learnedly, scientifically, elegantly, cleverly:

scriptorum veterum litterate peritus,

learnedly, critically skilled, Cic. Brut. 56, 205:

belle et litterate dicta,

clever sayings, id. de Or. 2, 62, 253.— Comp.:

litteratius Latine loqui,

Cic. Brut. 108, 28.

littĕrātus ( lītĕr-), a, um, adj. [littera], lettered, i. e.

Lit., marked with letters, branded:

ensiculus,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 112:

securicula,

id. ib. 115:

urna,

id. ib. 2, 5, 21:

laminae,

App. M. 3, p. 137, 7:

laciniae auro litteratae,

id. ib. 6, 174, 28:

servus,

a branded slave, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 49; cf.:

homunculi frontes litterati,

App. M. 9, p. 222, 30.—

Transf.

Learned, liberally educated:

Canius nec infacetus et satis litteratus,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58:

et litteratus et disertus,

id. Brut. 21, 81; id. Mur. 7, 16:

servi,

id. Brut. 22, 87:

quibus ineptiis nec litteratior fit quisquam nec melior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 13, 1.—Esp. of the learned expounders of the poets:

quem litteratissimum fuisse judico,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

appellatio grammaticorum Graecā consuetudine invaluit: sed initio litterati vocabantur,

Suet. Gram. 4.—

Of or belonging to learning, learned:

quid est enim dulcius otio litterato,

learned leisure, Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 105:

senectus,

id. Brut. 76, 265:

labor,

App. Mag. 4, p. 276, 8.—Hence, adv.: lit-tĕrātē.

With plain letters, in a clear hand:

rationes perscriptae scite et litterate,

Cic. Pis. 25, 61.—

Transf.

To the letter, literally:

litterate respondere,

Cic. Harusp. Resp. 8, 17.—

Learnedly, scientifically, elegantly, cleverly:

scriptorum veterum litterate peritus,

learnedly, critically skilled, Cic. Brut. 56, 205:

belle et litterate dicta,

clever sayings, id. de Or. 2, 62, 253.— Comp.:

litteratius Latine loqui,

Cic. Brut. 108, 28.

nĕ-que or nec (used indifferently before vowels and consonants. The notion that nec in class. prose stands only before consonants is wholly unfounded. Ap. Cic. in the Rep. alone we find nec nineteen times before vowels; viz.: nec accipere, 3, 13, 23: nec alios, 2, 37, 62: nec enim, 1, 24, 38; 6, 25, 27: nec esset, 5, 5, 7: nec ex se, 6, 24, 27:

nec id, 1, 1, 1: nec inportatis, 2, 15, 29: nec in, 6, 23, 25: nec inconstantiam, 3, 11, 18: nec injussu, 6, 15, 15: nec ipsius, 1, 26, 41: nec ipsum, 6, 24, 27: nec ulla, 1, 34, 51: nec ullo, 1, 37, 58: nec una, 2, 1, 2: nec hic, 3, 33, 45: nec hominis, 2, 21, 37: nec hunc, 6, 25, 29. Cf. also such passages as neque reliquarum virtutum, nec ipsius rei publicae,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

dabo tibi testes nec nimis antiquos nec ullo modo barbaros,

id. ib. 1, 37, 58:

nec atrocius... neque apertius,

id. Tull. 1, 2:

nec homo occidi nec consulto, etc.,

id. ib. 14, 34. The true distinction is, that in the form nec the negation is more prominent; in the form neque, the connective force of the particle; cf. Hand, Turs. 4, p. 94 sq.), adv. and conj. [ne-que], not; and not, also not.

Adv., like ne, in ante-class. Latinity (v. ne, I.) as a general negative particle, = non, not (usually in the form nec. In class. Lat. this usage seems to be confined to certain formulae, as nec opinans, nec procul abesse, nec mancipi, etc.; v. infra): nec conjunctionem grammatici fere dicunt esse disjunctivam, ut: nec legit, nec scribit: cum si diligentius inspiciatur, ut fecit Sinnius Capito, intellegi possit, eam positam esse ab antiquis pro non, ut et in XII. est: AST EI CVSTOS NEC ESCIT, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.:

SI INTESTATO MORITVR, CVI SVVS HERES NEC SIT, etc., Lex XII. Tab. (v. App. III. tab. 5): SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, etc., ib.: magistratus nec obedientem civem coërceto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6:

senatori, qui nec aderit, culpa esto,

id. ib. 3, 4, 11:

bruti nec satis sardare queunt,

Naev. 1, 4; 1, 7:

tu dis nec recte dicis: non aequum facis,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 11:

nec recte,

id. As. 1, 3, 3; 2, 4, 65; id. Most. 1, 3, 83; Cat. 30, 4:

alter, qui nec procul aberat,

Liv. 1, 25, 10:

nec ullus = nullus: cui Parcae tribuere nec ullo vulnere laedi,

Verg. Cir. 269:

differentia mancipi rerum et nec mancipi,

Gai. Inst. 2, 18 sq. —Form neque: si quid tibi in illisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus neque satisfactum est, etc., an old formula of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141, 4: neque opinantes insidiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 66; Auct. B. Alex. 75.

Conj., in all periods and kinds of composition.

In gen., = et non, and not, also not.

Alone.

When the negative applies to the principal verb of the clause: multumque laborat, Nec respirandi fit copia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 437 Vahl.):

illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus, nec iisdem semper uno modo videntur, ficta esse dicimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:

delubra esse in urbibus censeo, nec sequor magos Persarum, quibus, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; id. Rep. 2, 1, 2:

quae mei testes dicunt, quia non viderunt nec sciunt,

id. Tull. 10, 24:

non eros nec dominos appellabant eos... sed patres et deos. Nec sine causā. Quid enim? etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

illa, nec invideo, fruitur meliore marito,

Ov. H. 2, 79.—

Less freq. when the negative applies to some other word:

nec inventas illas toto orbe pares vires gloriatur,

Just. 11, 9, 5:

et vidi et perii, nec notis ignibus arsi,

Ov. H. 12, 33:

Anguibus exuitur tenui cum pelle vetustas, Nec faciunt cervos cornua jacta senes ( = et faciunt non senes),

id. A. A. 3, 77:

neque eum aequom facere ait,

Ter. Phorm, 1, 2, 64:

nec dubie ludibrio esse miserias suas,

Liv. 2, 23, 14; 2, 14, 2; esp. in the phrases nec idcirco minus, nec eo minus, nec eo secius, neque eo magis;

thus: nec idcirco minus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 35, 151:

neque eo minus,

Liv. 41, 8, 8; Suet. Oth. 2; id. Vesp. 24:

neque eo secius,

Nep. Att. 2, 2:

neque eo magis,

id. Eum. 4, 2; id. Paus. 3, 5; id. Att. 8, 5:

cum consules in Hernicos exercitum duxissent, neque inventis in agro hostibus, Ferentinum urbem cepissent,

Liv. 7, 9, 1.—

So, nec ullus, nec quisquam, for et nullus, et nemo, etc.:

nec ullo Gallorum ibi viro, etc.,

Liv. 38, 25, 3; Tac. Agr. 16:

nec quidquam magis quam ille, etc.,

Curt. 4, 2, 8.—

With vero, enim, autem, tamen:

neque vero hoc solum dixit, sed ipse et sentit et fecit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nec vero jam meo nomine abstinent,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 6: nec enim respexit, etc., id. Clod. et Cur. 4, 4; id. Lael. 10, 32:

neque enim tu is es, qui, qui sis nescias,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 6:

nec tamen didici, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 38, 64:

neque autem ego sum ita demens, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 6.—

In partic.

Nec [p. 1202] = ne... quidem, not even (in Liv. and later writers;

in Cic. dub. since B. and K. read ne... quidem,

Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; id. Cat. 2, 4, 8; cf.

Hand, Turs. 4, 105 sqq.): ne quid ex antiquo praeter sonum linguae, nec eum incorruptum, retinerent,

Liv. 5, 33, 11:

Maharbal nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

id. 23, 18, 4:

nec nos,

id. 3, 52, 9; 34, 32, 9; 37, 20, 8; 38, 23, 3;

40, 20, 6: non spes modo, sed nec dilatio,

Just. 11, 8, 4:

tam pauper, quam nec miserabilis Irus,

Mart. 6, 77, 1; 5, 70, 6: Juv. 2, 151:

interrogatus, an facta hominum deos fallerent, nec cogitata, inquit,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 8; Tac. G. 6:

nec ipse,

Suet. Claud. 46; Flor. 1, 15, 3; Lact. 5, 13, 12; Amm. 14, 10, 3.—

Nec = etiam non (freq. in Quint.):

ut, si in urbe fines non reguntur, nec aqua in urbe arceatur,

Cic. Top. 4, 23; id. Fin. 1, 11, 39:

nec si quid dicere satis non est, ideo nec necesse est,

Quint. 1, 1, 21:

quod in foro non expedit, illic nec liceat,

id. 9, 2, 67; 5, 10, 86; 12, 3, 6;

2, 13, 7: sed neque haec in principem,

Tac. A. 4, 34; 3, 29; 2, 82.—

Neque (nec)... neque (nec), neither... nor: quae neque Dardaniis campis potuere perire, Nec cum capta capi, nec cum combusta cremari, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 360 Vahl.):

nam certe neque tum peccavi, cum... neque cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 2:

nec meliores nec beatiores,

id. Rep. 1, 19, 32:

mors nec ad vivos pertineat nec ad mortuos,

id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

virtus nec eripi nec surripi potest umquam: neque naufragio neque incendio amittitur,

id. Par. 6, 3, 51: neque ego neque Caesar, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1; cf.:

haec si neque ego neque tu fecimus,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 23; so,

non... nec... neque... neque: perspicuum est, non omni caussae, nec auditori neque personae neque tempori congruere orationis unum genus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210.—The second nec is rarely placed after a word in the clause ( poet.):

nec deus hunc mensā, dea nec dignata cubili est,

Verg. E. 4, 63; id. A. 4, 365; 696:

sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam,

Juv. 14, 43.—With a preceding negative, which, however, does not destroy the negation contained in neque... neque:

non mediusfidius prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 1:

ut omnes intellegant, nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo nec obscurare dicendo,

id. Clu. 1, 1:

nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis, neque forensibus neque domesticis, neque si tecum agas, neque si cum altero contrahas vacare officio potest,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

nemo umquam neque poëta neque orator fuit, qui, etc.,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3; 8, 1, 3; Liv. 38, 50, 11.—

Neque (nec)... et (que), and et... neque (nec), when one clause is affirmative, on the one hand not... and on the other hand; not only not... but also; or the contrary, on the one hand... and on the other hand not; not only... but also not.

Neque (nec)... et (que):

id neque amoris mediocris et ingenii summi et sapientiae judico,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1:

animal nullum inveniri potest, quod neque natum umquam sit, et semper sit futurum,

id. N. D. 3, 13, 32; id. Off. 2, 12, 43; id. Brut. 58, 198; Caes. B. G. 4, 1; Tac. A. 3, 35:

ex quo intellegitur nec intemperantiam propter se fugiendam esse temperantiamque expetendam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 48:

perficiam, ut neque bonus quisquam intereat, paucorumque poenā vos omnes jam salvi esse possitis,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 28:

sed nec illa exstincta sunt, alunturque potius et augentur cogitatione et memoriā,

id. Lael. 27, 104; Ov. M. 2, 42; 811.—

Et... neque (nec):

ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam nisi tuo commodo,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17:

patebat via et certa neque longa,

id. Phil. 11, 2, 4:

intellegitis et animum ei praesto fuisse, nec consilium defuisse,

id. ib. 13, 6, 13:

et... nec... et... et,

id. Tusc. 5, 38, 112.—

Neque (nec) non (also in one word, necnon), emphatically affirmative, and also, and besides, and indeed, and:

nec haec non deminuitur scientia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4:

neque meam mentem non domum saepe revocat exanimata uxor,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3:

nec vero non eadem ira deorum hanc ejus satellitibus injecit amentiam,

id. Mil. 32, 86:

nec vero Aristoteles non laudandus in eo, quod, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 16, 44: neque tamen illa non ornant, habiti honores, etc., id. de Or. 2, 85, 347:

neque tristius dicere quicquam debeo hac de re, neque non me tamen mordet aliquid,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

nec non et sterilis, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 53; id. A. 8, 461; Suet. Tit. 5.—

In Varro and after the Aug. per., nec non (or as one word, necnon) freq. as a simple conjunction = et, and, and likewise, and so too, and also:

ibi vidi greges magnos anserum, gallinarum, gruum, pavonum, necnon glirium, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; Col. 8, 15, 6:

nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes Convenere,

Verg. A. 1, 707; Plin. 13, 22, 38, § 118:

nec non etiam poëmata faciebat ex tempore,

Suet. Gram. 23:

nec non et ante,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 13:

nec non et quasi,

id. 2 Par. 3, 16. —

Neque (nec) dum (also in one word, necdum), and not yet, not yet:

ille autem quid agat, si scis neque dum Romā es profectus, scribas ad me velim,

Cic. Att. 14, 10, 4; Cels. 5, 26, n. 33; Suet. Aug. 10; Juv. 11, 66:

necdum tamen ego Quintum conveneram,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 2:

necdum etiam audierant inflari classica, necdum Impositos duris crepitare incudibus enses,

Verg. G. 2, 539; id. A. 11, 70.—Strengthened by tamen:

philosophi summi, neque dum tamen sapientiam consecuti, nonne intellegunt in summo se malo esse?

Cic. Tusc. 3, 28, 68; id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

et necdum (post-Aug.),

and not yet, Plin. Pan. 14, 1.—

Nec... quidem; v. quidem.—

Neque = et ne or neve.

Expressing negative purpose.

After ut (class.):

ut ea, quae regie statuit in aratores, praetermittam neque eos appellem, a quibus, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

hortemur liberos nostros, ut animo rei magnitudinem complectantur, neque eis praeceptis quibus utuntur omnes, ut consequi posse confidant, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

peterent ut dediticiis suis parcerent, neque in eum agrum arma inferrent,

Liv. 7, 31, 4; 1, 2, 4; 3, 52, 11; 27, 20, 12.—

After ne (not ante-Aug.):

conspirāsse inde, ne manus ad os cibum ferrent, nec os acciperet datum, nec dentes conficerent,

Liv. 2, 32, 10; 3, 21, 6; 4, 4, 11; 26, 42, 2.—

In a prohibition (rare):

nec id mirati sitis, priusquam, etc.,

Liv. 5, 53, 3:

nec a me nunc quisquam quaesiverit, quid, etc.,

id. 9, 9, 9:

nec quicquam raptim aut forte temere egeritis,

id. 23, 5, 3.—

In contrasts, but not, not however (class.):

ubi aetas tantum modo quaestui neque luxuriae modum fecerat,

Sall. C. 24, 3:

gloriosa modo neque belli patrandi,

id. J. 88, 4:

consulatus sine ulla patrum injuriā, nec sine offensione fuit,

Liv. 3, 55, 1:

oppida oppugnata nec obsessa sunt,

id. 5, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Quint. 8, 6, 74; Tac. Agr. 8.

pār, păris (collat. form of the nom. fem. paris, Atta ap. Prisc. p. 764 P.— Abl. pari and pare, acc. to Charis. p. 14 P.; Prisc. p. 763 ib.; the latter poet. — Gen. plur. usu. parĭum; parum, acc. to Plin. ap. Charis. p. 110 P.), adj. [cf. Sanscr. para, another, and prae], equal (cf.: aequus, similis).

Lit.:

par est, quod in omnes aequabile est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:

par et aequalis ratio,

id. Or. 36, 123:

aequo et pari jure cum civibus vivere,

id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

vita beata... par et similis deorum,

id. N. D. 2, 61, 153:

est finitimus oratori poëta ac paene par,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

pari atque eādem in laude aliquem ponere,

id. Mur. 9, 21:

intelleges de hoc judicium meum et horum par et unum fuisse,

id. Sull. 2, 5:

pares in amore atque aequales,

id. Lael. 9, 32:

libertate esse parem ceteris,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34: verbum Latinum (voluptas) par Graeco (hêdonê) et idem valens, id. Fin. 2, 4, 12:

pares ejusdem generis munitiones,

of equal size, Caes. B. G. 7, 74:

similia omnia magis visa hominibus, quam paria,

Liv. 45, 43:

pares similesque (affectus),

Sen. Ira, 1, 19 et saep.:

quod in re pari valet, valeat in hac, quae par est... valeat aequitas, quae paribus in causis paria jura desiderat,

Cic. Top. 4, 23:

si ingenia omnia paria esse non possunt: jura certe paria debent esse eorum inter se, qui sunt cives in eādem re publicā,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

necesse est eam esse naturam, ut omnia omnibus paribus paria respondeant,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 50; id. Fam. 5, 2, 3:

equites Ariovisti pari intervallo constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

hi (equites), dum pari certamine res geri potuit, etc.,

i. e. horsemen against horsemen, id. B. C. 1, 51.— Poet., with a respective gen. or inf.:

aetatis mentisque pares,

Sil. 4, 370:

et cantare pares et respondere parati,

Verg. E. 7, 5.—

The thing with which the comparison is made is most freq. added in the dat.:

quem ego parem summis Peripateticis judico,

Cic. Div. 1, 3, 5:

in his omnibus par iis, quos antea commemoravi,

id. Clu. 38, 107:

omni illi et virtute et laude par,

id. Planc. 11, 27:

isti par in belligerando,

id. Font. 12, 26:

par anseribus,

as large as, Juv. 5, 114:

prodigio par,

i. e. extremely rare, id. 4, 97.—In sup.:

QVOIVS FORMA VIRTVTEI PARISVMA FVIT, Epit. of the Scipios,

Inscr. Orell. 550:

parissumi estis hibus,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20.—Adverb. (colloq. and very rare):

feceris par tuis ceteris factis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 3.—

With gen. (with this case par is treated as a substantive; rare but class.), an equal, counterpart, etc.:

ei erat hospes, par illius, Siculus, etc.,

his counterpart, Plaut. Rud. prol. 49: cujus paucos pares [p. 1300] haec civitas tulit, Cic. Pis. 4, 8:

quem metuis par hujus erat,

Luc. 10, 382:

ubique eum parem sui invenies,

Front. Ep. ad Amic. 1, 6:

vestrae fortitudinis,

Phaedr. 4, 15, 6.—

With abl. (rare):

scalas pares moenium altitudine, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 253 Lindem.: in quā par facies nobilitate suā,

Ov. F. 6, 804.—

With cum (class.):

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem subire,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

ut enim cetera paria Tuberoni cum Varo fuissent, etc.,

id. Lig. 9, 27:

quem tu parem cum liberis tuis regnique participem fecisti,

Sall. J. 14, 9 (cited ap. Arus. Mess. p. 253 Lindem.; but in Cic. Phil. 1, 14, 34, read parem ceteris). —

With inter se (class.):

sunt omnes pares inter se,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 11; id. de Or. 1, 55, 236.—

With et, atque ( ac) (class.):

cum par habetur honos summis et infimis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 53:

omnia fuisse in Themistocle paria et Coriolano,

id. Brut. 11, 43:

tametsi haudquaquam par gloria sequatur scriptorem et auctorem rerum,

Sall. C. 3, 2:

quos postea in parem juris libertatisque condicionem atque ipsi erant, receperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 28; so with atque, id. ib. 5, 13, 2:

si parem sapientiam hic habet ac formam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36:

neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

in quo offensae minimum, gratia par, ac si prope adessemus,

Sall. J. 102, 7.—

The object of comparison is sometimes not expressed:

cui repugno, quoad possum, sed adhuc pares non sumus,

i.e. not equal to the task, able, Cic. Att. 12, 15:

pari proelio,

indecisive, Nep. Them. 3, 3:

pares validaeque miscentur,

Tac. G. 20:

cum paria esse coeperunt,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 6:

si periculum par et ardor certaminis eos irritaret,

Liv. 24, 39, 6.—

In partic.

Equal to, a match for any one in any respect:

quibus ne di quidem immortales pares esse possint,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7 fin.: qui pares esse nostro exercitu (dat.) non potuerint, id. ib. 1, 40, 7; cf.:

ille, quod neque se parem armis existimabat, et, etc.,

Sall. J. 20, 5:

non sumus pares,

not on an equality, Juv. 3, 104:

exime hunc mihi scrupulum, cui par esse non possum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 2:

habebo, Q. Fabi, parem, quem das, Hannibalem,

an opponent, adversary, Liv. 28, 44:

inter pares aemulatio,

Tac. A. 2, 47:

ope Palladis Tydiden Superis parem,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 15.—

Equal in station or age, of the same rank, of the same age (syn. aequalis):

ut coëat par Jungaturque pari,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 25:

si qua voles apte nubere, nube pari,

Ov. H. 9, 32; Petr. 25, 5.—Prov.:

pares vetere proverbio cum paribus facillime congregantur,

i. e. birds of a feather flock together, Cic. Sen. 3, 7.—

Par est, it is fit, meet, suitable, proper, right.

With a subject-clause (class.;

syn.: oportet, aequum, justum est): amorin me an rei opsequi potius par sit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6:

posterius istaec te magis par agere'st,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 21:

canem esse hanc par fuit,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 17:

par est primum ipsum esse virum bonum, tum, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

sic par est agere cum civibus,

id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

dubitans, quid me facere par sit,

id. Att. 9, 9, 2:

quicquid erit, quod me scire par sit,

id. ib. 15, 17, 2:

quibus (ornamentis) fretum ad consulatūs petitionem aggredi par est,

id. Mur. 7, 15; id. Rab. Perd. 11, 31; cf.:

ex quo intellegi par est, eos qui, etc.,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 11. —

Ut par est (erat, etc.;

class.): ita, ut constantibus hominibus par erat,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 114:

ut par fuit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 10. —

With ut:

non par videtur neque sit consentaneum... ut, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 31.—

Par pari respondere, or par pro pari referre, to return like for like, of a'repartee:

par pari respondet,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 47; id. Merc. 3, 4, 44; id. Pers. 2, 2, 11; cf.:

paria paribus respondimus,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 23:

ut sit unde par pari respondeatur,

id. ib. 16, 7, 6:

par pro pari referto, quod eam mordeat,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55 Fleck., Umpfenb., cited ap. Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19 (Bentl. ex conject. par, pari; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 281, ed. 5).—

Paria facere, to equalize or balance a thing with any thing, to settle, pay (post-Aug.):

cum rationibus domini paria facere,

to pay. Col. 1, 8, 13; 11, 1, 24. —

Trop.:

cum aliter beneficium detur, aliter reddatur, paria facere difficile est,

to return like for like, to repay with the same coin, Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 2: denique debet poenas: non est quod cum illo paria faciamus, repay him, id. Ira, 3, 25, 1:

nihil differamus, cotidie cum vitā paria faciamus,

settle our accounts with life, id. Ep. 101, 7; Plin. 2, 86, 88, § 202; so,

parem rationem facere,

Sen. Ep. 19, 10.—

Ludere par impar, to play at even and odd, Hor. S. 2, 3, 248: August. ap. Suet. Aug. 71 fin. —

Ex pari, adverb., in an equal manner, on an equal footing (post-Aug.):

sapiens cum diis ex pari vivit,

Sen. Ep. 59, 14.

Transf., subst.

pār, păris, m., a companion, comrade, mate, spouse:

plebs venit, et adcumbit cum pare quisque suo,

Ov. F. 3, 526:

jungi cum pare suā,

id. ib. 3, 193:

edicere est ausus cum illo suo pari, quem omnibus vitiis superare cupiebat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 8, 18.—Esp., a table companion, = omoklinos:

atque ibi opulentus tibi par forte obvenerit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 68 Brix ad loc.:

cedo parem quem pepigi,

id. Pers. 5, 1, 15 (v. also I. A. g. supra).—

pār, păris, n., a pair:

gladiatorum par nobilissimum,

Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17:

ecce tibi geminum in scelere par,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 2:

par nobile fratrum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 243:

par columbarum,

Ov. M. 13, 833:

par mularum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 212:

par oculorum,

Suet. Rhet. 5:

tria aut quatuor paria amicorum,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

scyphorum paria complura,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 47:

paria (gladiatorum) ordinaria et postulaticia,

Sen. Ep. 7, 3: pocula oleaginea paria duo, Lab. Dig. 32, 1, 30.Hence, adv.: părĭter, equally, in an equal degree, in like manner, as well.

In gen.: dispartiantur patris bona pariter, Afran. ap. Non. 375, 1:

ut nostra in amicos benevolentia illorum erga nos benevolentiae pariter aequaliterque respondeat,

Cic. Lael. 16, 56:

laetamur amicorum laetitiā aeque atque nostrā, et pariter dolemus angoribus,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

caritate non pariter omnes egemus,

id. Off. 2, 8, 30:

ut pariter extrema terminentur,

id. Or. 12, 38; Phaedr. 5, 2, 10:

et gustandi et pariter tangendi magna judicia sunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146:

nulla pro sociā obtinet, pariter omnes viles sunt,

id. ib. 80, 7; Quint. 9, 3, 102:

cuncta pariter Romanis adversa,

Tac. A. 1, 64: tantumdem est;

feriunt pariter,

all the same, nevertheless, Juv. 3, 298.—

With cum:

Siculi mecum pariter moleste ferent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 173:

pariter nobiscum progredi,

Auct. Her. 3, 1, 1; Verg. A. 1, 572.—

With ut, atque ( ac):

is ex se hunc reliquit filium pariter moratum, ut pater avusque hujus fuit,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 21:

pariter hoc fit, atque ut alia facta sunt,

id. Am. 4, 1, 11:

vultu pariter atque animo varius,

Sall. J. 113, 3:

pariter ac si hostis adesset,

id. ib. 46, 6.—

With et... et:

pariterque et ad se tuendum et ad hostem petendum,

Liv. 31, 35:

pariter et habitus et nomina edocebuntur,

Quint. 1, 1, 25; Ov. M. 11, 556.—

With dat. (in late poets, and once in Liv.):

pariter ultimae (gentes) propinquis, imperio parerent,

the remotest as well as the nearest, Liv. 38, 16; Stat. Th. 5, 121; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 166.—

With qualis:

pariter suades, qualis es,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 37. —

In partic.

Like simul, of equality in time or in association, at the same time, together:

nam plura castella Pompeius pariter, distinendae manūs causā, tentaverat,

at the same time, together, Caes. B. C. 3, 52:

pariter decurrere,

Liv. 22, 4, 6:

ut pariter et socii rem inciperent,

id. 3, 22, 6; 10, 5, 7; 26, 48 fin.; cf.:

plura simul invadimus, si aut tam infirma sunt, ut pariter impelli possint, aut, etc.,

Quint. 5, 13, 11; so,

pariter multos invadere,

id. 5, 7, 5:

pariter ire,

id. 1, 1, 14; 1, 12, 4; Tac. H. 4. 56; Plin. 26, 8, 40, § 66.—

With cum (so commonly in Cic.):

conchyliis omnibus contingere, ut cum lunā pariter crescant pariterque decrescant,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33; cf. id. de Or. 3, 3, 10:

studia doctrinae pariter cum aetate crescunt,

id. Sen. 14, 50:

pariter cum vitā sensus amittitur,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

equites pariter cum occasu solis expeditos educit,

Sall. J. 68, 2; 77, 1; 106, 5:

pariter cum collegā,

Liv. 10, 21, 14; 27, 17, 6.—

With et, atque, que:

inventionem et dispositionem pariter exercent,

Quint. 10, 5, 14; 1, 1, 25:

quibus mens pariter atque oratio insurgat,

id. 12, 2, 28:

seriis jocisque pariter accommodato,

id. 6, 3, 110.—

With dat. ( poet.), Stat. Th. 5, 122:

pariterque favillis Durescit glacies,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 165.—

In order to give greater vivacity to the expression, reduplicated: pariter... pariter, as soon as ( poet. and in post-Aug prose):

hanc pariter vidit, pariter Calydo nius heros Optavit,

Ov. M. 8, 324; Plin. Ep. 8, 23 fin. —

In like manner, likewise, also:

pariterque oppidani agere,

Sall. J. 60, 1:

postquam pariter nymphas incedere vidit,

Ov. M. 2, 445.

prae-jūdĭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to judge, pass sentence, or decide beforehand, to prejudge (class.).

Lit., in the judicial sphere:

praejudicare de aliquo majore maleficio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 60; id. Verr. 2, 3, 65, § 153.—

Transf., apart from judicial lang.: de iis censores praejudicent, let the censors give their preliminary judgment (before the case is brought before the judges), Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47.—

To be injurious, prejudicial; with dat. (post-class.):

res inter alios judicatae aliis non praejudicant,

Dig. 42, 1, 63; 47, 10, 7:

ingenuitati,

Paul. Sent. 5, 3, 3; Ambros. in Luc. 3, 41.—Hence, praejūdĭcātus, a, um, P. a., decided beforehand, prejudged:

praejudicatum eventum belli habetis,

Liv. 42, 61:

res,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49:

nihil,

id. ib. 44, 124:

opinio,

a preconceived notion, prejudice, id. N. D. 1, 5, 10.— Sup.:

vir praejudicatissimus,

i.e. whose talents are already clearly ascertained, Sid. post Carm. 22.—

Subst.: praejūdĭ-cātum, i, n.

Something decided beforehand, Liv. 26, 2.—

A previous opinion, prepossession, = praejudicium postulo, ut ne quid huc praejudicati afferatis, Cic. Clu. 2, 6.