a+lively+tune

hum [hʌm] (pt & pp hummed, cont humming)

1 intransitive verb

(a) (audience, bee, wires) bourdonner; (person) fredonner, chantonner; (top, fire) ronfler; Electronics ronfler; (air conditioner) ronronner;

∎ the motors hummed into action les moteurs se sont mis à ronfler ou vrombir;

∎ figurative everything was humming along nicely tout marchait comme sur des roulettes

(b) (be lively) grouiller;

∎ the airport/town was humming with activity l'aéroport/la ville bourdonnait d'activité;

∎ to make things hum mener les choses rondement;

∎ the party was just beginning to hum when the police arrived la fête commençait à s'animer quand la police est arrivée

(c) British familiar (stink) cocotter

(d) (idiom)

∎ to hum and haw (mumble) bafouiller; figurative (hesitate) tergiverser, tourner autour du pot;

∎ he hummed and hawed before getting to the point il a bafouillé ou hésité avant d'en venir au fait

2 transitive verb

(tune) fredonner, chantonner

3 noun

(a) (of bees, voices) bourdonnement m; (of vehicle) vrombissement m; (of fire, top) ronflement m; Electronics ronflement m; (of machine) ronronnement m;

∎ the distant hum of traffic le ronronnement lointain de la circulation

(b) British familiar (stench) puanteur^□ f, mauvaise odeur^□ f;

∎ there's a bit of a hum in here! ça cocotte là-dedans!

4 exclamation

hem!, hum!

swing [swɪŋ] (pt & pp swung [swʌŋ])

1 noun

(a) (to-and-fro movement, sway → gen) balancement m; (→ of pendulum) oscillation f;

∎ with a swing of his arm en balançant son bras;

∎ the swing of her hips le balancement de ses hanches

(b) (arc described) arc m, courbe f;

∎ the plane came round in a wide swing l'avion décrivit une grande courbe

(c) (swipe, attempt to hit) (grand) coup m;

∎ I took a swing at him je lui ai décoché un coup de poing;

∎ he took a swing at the ball il essaya de frapper la balle

(d) (hanging seat) balançoire f;

∎ they're playing on the swings ils jouent sur les balançoires;

∎ British what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts ce que l'on perd d'un côté, on le récupère de l'autre;

∎ British it's swings and roundabouts really en fait, on perd d'un côté ce qu'on gagne de l'autre

(e) (in public opinion, voting) revirement m; (in prices, market) fluctuation f;

∎ his mood swings are very unpredictable ses sautes d'humeur sont très imprévisibles;

∎ Economics seasonal swings fluctuations fpl saisonnières;

∎ Stock Exchange the upward/downward swing of the market la fluctuation du marché vers le haut/le bas;

∎ sudden swing in public opinion revirement inattendu de l'opinion publique;

∎ America experienced a major swing towards conservatism les États-Unis ont connu un important revirement vers le conservatisme;

∎ the party needs a 10 percent swing to win the election le parti a besoin d'un revirement d'opinion de 10 pour cent pour gagner aux élections

(f) (in boxing, golf) swing m

(g) (rhythm → gen) rythme m; Music (style of jazz) swing m;

∎ a swing band un orchestre de swing;

∎ the swing era l'époque f du swing

(h) American Politics (tour) tournée f;

∎ on his swing around the circle, the President visited 35 States pendant sa tournée électorale, le Président a visité 35 États

(i) familiar (idioms)

∎ to get into the swing of things se mettre dans le bain;

∎ it'll be a lot easier once you've got into the swing of things ce sera beaucoup plus facile une fois que tu seras dans le bain;

∎ to go with a swing (music) être très rythmé ou entraînant^□ ; (party) swinguer; (business) marcher très bien^□

2 transitive verb

(a) (cause to sway) balancer;

∎ she was swinging her umbrella as she walked elle marchait en balançant son parapluie;

∎ he walked along swinging his arms il marchait en balançant les bras;

∎ to swing one's hips balancer les ou rouler des hanches;

∎ figurative to swing the lead tirer au flanc

(b) (move from one place to another, in a curve)

∎ she swung her bag onto the back seat elle jeta son sac sur le siège arrière;

∎ he swung a rope over a branch il lança une corde par-dessus une branche;

∎ the crane swung the cargo onto the wharf la grue pivota pour déposer la cargaison sur le quai;

∎ he swung his son (up) onto his shoulders il hissa son fils sur ses épaules;

∎ I swung myself (up) into the saddle j'ai sauté en selle;

∎ she swung the door shut elle ferma la porte;

∎ he swung the axe in a wide arc il leva la hache avec un large mouvement du bras;

∎ she swung the bat at the ball elle essaya de frapper la balle avec sa batte;

∎ I swung the club at him j'ai essayé de le frapper avec le gourdin;

∎ to swing the ball (in cricket) faire dévier la balle en l'air

(c) (suspend → hammock) suspendre, pendre, accrocher

(d) (turn → steering wheel) (faire) tourner; (→ vehicle) faire virer;

∎ the helmsman swung the wheel to port le timonier fit tourner la roue à bâbord;

∎ I swung the lorry through 180° j'ai pris le virage à 180° (avec le camion)

(e) (cause to change)

∎ to swing the voters faire changer les électeurs d'opinion;

∎ that swung the decision our way/against us cela a influencé la décision finale en notre faveur/en notre défaveur;

∎ to swing the voting in favour of sb faire pencher la balance en faveur de qn;

∎ the accident swung public opinion against the company l'accident a provoqué un revirement de l'opinion contre la compagnie

(f) familiar (manage, pull off)

∎ to swing sth réussir ou arriver à faire qch^□ ;

∎ I think I should be able to swing it je crois pouvoir me débrouiller^□ ;

∎ to swing it so that… (arrange things) arranger les choses de manière (à ce) que… + subjunctive

(g) Music (tune) interpréter en swing;

∎ familiar he can really swing it il a vraiment le swing

3 intransitive verb

(a) (sway, move to and fro → gen) se balancer; (→ pendulum) osciller; (hang, be suspended) pendre, être suspendu;

∎ to swing to and fro se balancer;

∎ shop sign that swings (to and fro) in the wind enseigne de magasin qui ballotte au vent;

∎ he walked along with his arms swinging il marchait en balançant les bras;

∎ a basket swung from her arm un panier se balançait à son bras;

∎ swinging from a cord suspendu à une corde;

∎ a long rope swung from the ceiling une longue corde pendait du plafond;

∎ the door swung open/shut la porte s'est ouverte/s'est refermée;

∎ the gate swung back in my face le portail s'est refermé devant moi;

∎ familiar figurative to swing both ways (be bisexual) marcher à voile et à vapeur

(b) (move along, around)

∎ to swing from tree to tree se balancer d'arbre en arbre;

∎ to swing into the saddle sauter à cheval ou en selle;

∎ they came swinging down the street ils ont descendu la rue d'un pas rythmé;

∎ figurative to swing into action passer à l'action

(c) (make a turn) virer;

∎ the car swung left la voiture vira à gauche;

∎ the lorry swung through the gate le camion vira pour franchir le portail;

∎ the road swings east la route oblique vers l'est

(d) (change opinion, mood etc) virer;

∎ the country has swung to the left le pays a viré à gauche;

∎ she swings between depression and elation elle passe de la dépression à l'exultation

(e) familiar (be hanged) être pendu^□ ;

∎ he'll swing for this! il sera pendu pour ça!; figurative il le paiera!

(f) (hit out, aim a blow) essayer de frapper;

∎ he swung at them with the hammer il a essayé de les frapper avec le marteau;

∎ I swung at him je lui ai décoché un coup de poing;

∎ he swung wildly at the ball il essaya désespérément de frapper la balle;

∎ familiar to swing for sb essayer d'en coller une à qn

(g) familiar (musician) swinguer; (music) swinguer, avoir du swing;

∎ the saxophonist really swings! il swingue, ce saxo!

(h) familiar old-fashioned (be modern, fashionable) être dans le vent;

∎ he was there in the sixties, when London was really swinging il était là dans les années soixante, quand ça bougeait à Londres

(i) familiar (be lively) chauffer;

∎ the party was beginning to swing la fête commençait à être très animée^□

(j) familiar (try hard)

∎ he's in there swinging il fait ce qu'il peut^□ ;

∎ I'm in there swinging for you je fais tout ce que je peux pour toi^□

(k) familiar (exchange sexual partners) faire de l'échangisme^□

4 in full swing adjective

∎ the party was in full swing la fête battait son plein;

∎ production is in full swing on produit à plein rendement;

∎ the town's packed when the season's in full swing en pleine saison, il y a foule en ville;

∎ once it's in full swing, the project will require more people une fois lancé, il faudra plus de gens sur le projet

►► swing bridge pont m tournant;

swing door porte f battante;

American swing set balançoires fpl;

American familiar swing shift (work period) = poste de 16 heures à minuit; (team) = équipe qui travaille de 16 heures à minuit

➲ swing out intransitive verb

(car, driver) faire un écart; (from side road) déboucher;

∎ the car in front swung out to overtake la voiture de devant a déboîté pour doubler

➲ swing round

1 separable transitive verb

(vehicle) faire virer; (person) faire tourner;

∎ he swung the car round the corner il a tourné au coin;

∎ he swung the car right round il a fait un tête-à-queue;

∎ he swung her round il la fit tourner;

∎ figurative to swing sb round convaincre qn;

∎ he managed to swing her round to his point of view il a réussi à la convaincre qu'il avait raison

2 intransitive verb

(turn round → person) se retourner, faire volte-face; (→ crane) tourner, pivoter; figurative (public opinion, person) faire volte-face;

∎ he swung round to look at me il se retourna pour me regarder;

∎ the car swung right round la voiture a fait un tête-à-queue

➲ swing to intransitive verb

(door, gate) se refermer

νόμος, ου, ὁ (νέμω; [Zenodotus reads ν. in Od. 1, 3] Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.—On the history of the word MPohlenz, Nomos: Philol 97, ’48, 135–42; GShipp, Nomos ‘Law’ ’78; MOstwald, Nomos and the Beginnings of Athenian Democracy ’69). The primary mng. relates to that which is conceived as standard or generally recognized rules of civilized conduct esp. as sanctioned by tradition (Pind., Fgm. 152, 1=169 Schr. νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς; cp. SEG XVII, 755, 16: Domitian is concerned about oppressive practices hardening into ‘custom’; MGigante, ΝΟΜΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ [Richerche filologiche 1] ’56). The synonym ἔθος (cp. συνήθεια) denotes that which is habitual or customary, especially in reference to personal behavior. In addition to rules that take hold through tradition, the state or other legislating body may enact ordinances that are recognized by all concerned and in turn become legal tradition. A special semantic problem for modern readers encountering the term ν. is the general tendency to confine the usage of the term ‘law’ to codified statutes. Such limitation has led to much fruitless debate in the history of NT interpretation.—HRemus, Sciences Religieuses/Studies in Religion 13, ’84, 5–18; ASegal, Torah and Nomos in Recent Scholarly Discussion, ibid., 19–27.

① a procedure or practice that has taken hold, a custom, rule, principle, norm (Alcman [VII B.C.], Fgm. 93 D² of the tune that the bird sings; Ocellus [II B.C.] c. 49 Harder [1926] τῆς φύσεως νόμος; Appian, Basil. 1 §2 πολέμου ν., Bell. Civ. 5, 44 §186 ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ σοῦ νόμου=under this rule of yours that governs action; Polyaenus 5, 5, 3 ν. πόμπης; 7, 11, 6 ν. φιλίας; Sextus 123 τοῦ βίου νόμος; Just., A II, 2, 4 παρὰ τὸν τῆς φύσεως ν.; Ath. 3, 1 νόμῳ φύσεως; 13, 1 θυσιῶν νόμῳ)

ⓐ gener. κατὰ νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης in accordance w. the rule of an external commandment Hb 7:16. εὑρίσκω τὸν νόμον I observe an established procedure or principle or system Ro 7:21 (ν. as ‘principle’, i.e. an unwritten rightness of things Soph., Ant. 908). According to Bauer, Paul uses the expression νόμος (which dominates this context) in cases in which he prob. would have preferred another word. But it is also prob. that Paul purposely engages in wordplay to heighten the predicament of those who do not rely on the gospel of liberation from legal constraint: the Apostle speaks of a principle that obligates one to observe a code of conduct that any sensible pers. would recognize as sound and valid ὁ νόμος τ. νοός μου vs. 23b (s. νοῦς 1a). Engaged in a bitter struggle w. this νόμος there is a ἕτερος νόμος which, in contrast to the νοῦς, dwells ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου in my (physical) members vs. 23a, and hence is a νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας vs. 23c and 25b or a νόμος τ. ἁμαρτίας καὶ τ. θανάτου 8:2b. This sense prepares the way for the specific perspective

ⓑ of life under the lordship of Jesus Christ as a ‘new law’ or ‘system’ of conduct that constitutes an unwritten tradition ὁ καινὸς ν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 2:6; in brief ν. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IMg 2 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4; 43, 1; Mel., P. 7, 46). Beginnings of this terminology as early as Paul: ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ =the standard set by Christ Gal 6:2 (as vs. 3 intimates, Christ permitted himself to be reduced to nothing, thereby setting the standard for not thinking oneself to be someth.). The gospel is a νόμος πίστεως a law or system requiring faith Ro 3:27b (FGerhard, TZ 10, ’54, 401–17) or ὁ ν. τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰ. the law of the spirit (=the spirit-code) of life in Chr. J. 8:2a. In the same sense Js speaks of a ν. βασιλικός (s. βασιλικός) 2:8 or ν. ἐλευθερίας vs. 12 (λόγος ἐλ. P⁷⁴), ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας 1:25 (association w. 1QS 10:6, 8, 11 made by EStauffer, TLZ 77, ’52, 527–32, is rejected by SNötscher, Biblica 34, ’53, 193f. On the theme of spontaneous moral achievement cp. Pind., Fgm. 152 [169 Schr.] 1f νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς | θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων | ἄγει δικαιῶν τὸ βιαιότατον| ὑπερτάτᾳ χειρί=custom is lord of all, of mortals and immortals both, and with strong hand directs the utmost power of the just. Plut., Mor. 780c interprets Pindar’s use of νόμος: ‘not written externally in books or on some wooden tablets, but as lively reason functioning within him’ ἔμψυχος ὢν ἐν αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Aristot., EN 4, 8, 10 οἷον ν. ὢν ἑαυτῷ; Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος; cp. also Ovid, Met. 1, 90 sponte sua sine lege fidem rectumque colebat; Mayor, comm. ‘Notes’ 73.—RHirzel, ΑΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΝΟΜΟΣ 1903.). Some would put ὁ νόμος Js 2:9 here (s. LAllevi, Scuola Cattol. 67, ’39, 529–42), but s. 2b below.—Hermas too, who in part interprets Israel’s legal tradition as referring to Christians, sees the gospel, exhibited in Christ’s life and words, as the ultimate expression of God’s will or ‘law’. He says of Christ δοὺς αὐτοῖς (i.e. the believers) τὸν ν., ὅν ἔλαβε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Hs 5, 6, 3, cp. Hs 8, 3, 3. Or he sees in the υἱὸς θεοῦ κηρυχθεὶς εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς, i.e. the preaching about the Son of God to the ends of the earth, the νόμος θεοῦ ὁ δοθεὶς εἰς ὅλον. τ. κόσμον 8, 3, 2. Similarly to be understood are τηρεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 3, 4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. παθεῖν 8, 3, 6. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. θλίβεσθαι 8, 3, 7. ἀρνησάμενοι τὸν νόμον ibid. βλασφημεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 6, 2.

② constitutional or statutory legal system, law

ⓐ gener.: by what kind of law? Ro 3:27. ν. τῆς πόλεως the law of the city enforced by the ruler of the city (ν. ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι γραπτός Orig., C. Cels. 5, 37, 2); the penalty for breaking it is banishment Hs 1:5f. τοῖς ν. χρῆσθαι observe the laws 1:3; πείθεσθαι τοῖς ὡρισμένοις ν. obey the established laws Dg 5:10; νικᾶν τοὺς ν. ibid. (νικάω 3). Ro 7:1f, as well as the gnomic saying Ro 4:15b and 5:13b, have been thought by some (e.g. BWeiss, Jülicher) to refer to Roman law, but more likely the Mosaic law is meant (s. 3 below).

ⓑ specifically: of the law that Moses received from God and is the standard according to which membership in the people of Israel is determined (Diod S 1, 94, 1; 2: the lawgiver Mneves receives the law from Hermes, Minos from Zeus, Lycurgus from Apollo, Zarathustra from the ἀγαθὸς δαίμων, Zalmoxis from Hestia; παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, Μωϋσῆς receives the law from the Ἰαὼ ἐπικαλούμενος θεός) ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως Lk 2:22; J 7:23; Ac 15:5. ν. Μωϋσέως Ac 13:38; Hb 10:28. Also ὁ ν. κυρίου Lk 2:23f, 39; GJs 14:1. ὁ ν. τοῦ θεοῦ (Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 4]) Mt 15:6 v.l.; Ro 8:7 (cp. Tat. 7, 2; 32, 1; Ath. 3:2). ὁ ν. ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν etc. J 18:31; 19:7b v.l.; Ac 25:8. κατὰ τὸν ἡμέτερον ν. 24:6 v.l. (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 131). ὁ πατρῷος ν. 22:3. τὸν ν. τῶν ἐντολῶν Eph 2:15. Since the context of Ac 23:29 ἐγκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν points to the intimate connection between belief, cult, and communal solidarity in Judean tradition, the term νόμος is best rendered with an hendiadys: (charged in matters) relating to their belief and custom; cp. ν. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς 18:15. Ro 9:31 (CRhyne, Νόμος Δικαιοσύνης and the meaning of Ro 10:4: CBQ 47, ’85, 486–99).—Abs., without further qualification ὁ ν. Mt 22:36; 23:23; Lk 2:27; J 1:17; Ac 6:13; 7:53; 21:20, 28; Ro 2:15 (τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου the work of the law [=the moral product that the Mosaic code requires] is written in the heart; difft. Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος, s. 1b, above), 18, 20, 23b, 26; 4:15a, 16; 7:1b, 4–7, 12, 14, 16; 8:3f; 1 Cor 15:56; Gal 3:12f, 17, 19, 21a, 24; 5:3, 14; 1 Ti 1:8 (GRudberg, ConNeot 7, ’42, 15); Hb 7:19 (s. Windisch, Hdb. exc. ad loc.), 28a; 10:1; cp. Js 2:9 (s. 1b above); μετὰ τὸν ν. Hb 7:28b; οἱ ἐν τῷ ν. Ro 3:19; κατὰ τὸν ν. according to the (Mosaic) law (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51 al.; Just., D. 10, 1) J 19:7b; Ac 22:12; 23:3; Hb 7:5; 9:22. παρὰ τ. νόμον contrary to the law (Jos., Ant. 17, 151, C. Ap. 2, 219; Ath. 1, 3 παρὰ πάντα ν.) Ac 18:13.—νόμος without the art. in the same sense (on the attempt, beginning w. Origen, In Ep. ad Ro 3:7 ed. Lomm. VI 201, to establish a difference in mng. betw. Paul’s use of ὁ νόμος and νόμος s. B-D-F §258, 2; Rob. 796; Mlt-Turner 177; Grafe [s. 3b below] 7–11) Ro 2:13ab, 17, 23a, * 25a; 3:31ab; 5:13, 20; 7:1a (s. above); Gal 2:19b; 5:23 (JRobb, ET 56, ’45, 279f compares κατὰ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἔστι νόμος Aristot., Pol. 1284a). δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ … 1 Ti 1:9. Cp. ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος Ro 2:14 (in Pla., Pol. and in Stoic thought the wise person needed no commandment [Stoic. III 519], the bad one did; MPohlenz, Stoa ’48/49 I 133; II 75). Used w. prepositions: ἐκ ν. Ro 4:14; Gal 3:18, 21c (v.l. ἐν ν.); Phil 3:9 (ἐκ νόμου can also mean corresponding to or in conformity with the law: PRev 15, 11 ἐκ τῶν νόμων); cp. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου Ro 10:5. διὰ νόμου Ro 2:12b; 3:20b; 4:13; 7:7b; Gal 2:19a, 21; ἐν ν. (ἐν τῷ ν. Iren. 3, 11, 8 [Harv. II 49, 9]) Ro 2:12a, 23; Gal 3:11, 21c v.l.; 5:4; Phil 3:6. κατὰ νόμον 3:5; Hb 8:4; 10:8 (make an offering κατὰ νόμον as Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4; 5, 8, 2); χωρὶς ν. Ro 3:21a; 7:8f; ἄχρι ν. 5:13a. ὑπὸ νόμον 6:14f; 1 Cor 9:20; Gal 3:23; 4:4f, 21a; 5:18 (cp. Just., D. 45, 3 οἱ ὑπὸ τὸν ν.).—Dependent on an anarthrous noun παραβάτης νόμου a law-breaker Ro 2:25b ( 27b w. art.); Js 2:11. ποιητὴς ν. one who keeps the law 4:11d (w. art. Ro 2:13b). τέλος ν. the end of the law Ro 10:4 (RBultmann and HSchlier, Christus des Ges. Ende ’40). πλήρωμα ν. fulfilment of the law 13:10. ν. μετάθεσις a change in the law Hb 7:12. ἔργα ν. Ro 3:20a, 28; 9:32 v.l.; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10a.—(ὁ) ν. (τοῦ) θεοῦ Ro 7:22, 25a; 8:7 because it was given by God and accords w. his will. Lasting Mt 5:18; Lk 16:17 (cp. Bar 4:1; PsSol 10:4; Philo, Mos. 2, 14; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277).—Used w. verbs, w. or without the art.: ν. ἔχειν J 19:7a; Ro 2:14 (ApcSed 14:5). πληροῦν ν. fulfill the law Ro 13:8; pass. Gal 5:14 (Mel., P. 42, 291). πληροῦν τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ ν. fulfill the requirement of the law Ro 8:4. φυλάσσειν τὸν ν. observe the law Ac 21:24; Gal 6:13. τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ ν. φυλάσσειν observe the precepts of the law Ro 2:26; διώκειν ν. δικαιοσύνης 9:31a; πράσσειν ν. 2:25a. ποιεῖν τὸν ν. J 7:19b; Gal 5:3; Ro 2:14b, s. below; τὸν ν. τηρεῖν Js 2:10. τὸν ν. τελεῖν Ro 2:27. φθάνειν εἰς ν. 9:31b. κατὰ ν. Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ζῆν IMg 8:1 v.l. is prob. a textual error (Pearson, Lghtf., Funk, Bihlmeyer, Hilgenfeld; Zahn, Ign. v. Ant. 1873 p. 354, 1 [difft. in Zahn’s edition] all omit νόμον as a gloss and are supported by the Latin versions; s. Hdb. ad loc.). τὰ τοῦ ν. ποιεῖν carry out the requirements of the law Ro 2:14b (ApcSed 14:5; FFlückiger, TZ 8, ’52, 17–42). καταλαλεῖν νόμου, κρίνειν ν. Js 4:11abc. ἐδόθη ν. Gal 3:21a.—Pl. διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν Hb 8:10; cp. 10:16 (both Jer 38:33).—Of an individual stipulation of the law ὁ νόμος τοῦ ἀνδρός the law insofar as it concerns the husband (Aristot., Fgm. 184 R. νόμοι ἀνδρὸς καὶ γαμετῆς.—SIG 1198, 14 κατὰ τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐρανιστῶν; Num 9:12 ὁ ν. τοῦ πάσχα; Philo, Sobr. 49 ὁ ν. τῆς λέπρας) Ro 7:2b; cp. 7:3 and δέδεται νόμῳ vs. 2a (on the imagery Straub 94f); 1 Cor 7:39 v.l.—The law is personified, as it were (Demosth. 43, 59; Aeschin. 1, 18; Herm. Wr. 12, 4 [the law of punishment]; IMagnMai 92a, 11 ὁ ν. συντάσσει; b, 16 ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει; Jos., Ant. 3, 274) J 7:51; Ro 3:19.

③ a collection of holy writings precious to God’s people, sacred ordinance

ⓐ in the strict sense the law=the Pentateuch, the work of Moses the lawgiver (Diod S 40, 3, 6 προσγέγραπται τοῖς νόμοις ἐπὶ τελευτῆς ὅτι Μωσῆς ἀκούσας τοῦ θεοῦ τάδε λέγει τ. Ἰουδαίοις=at the end of the laws this is appended: this is what Moses heard from God and is telling to the Jews. ὁ διὰ τοῦ ν. μεταξὺ καθαρῶν καὶ ἀκαθάρτων διαστείλας θεός Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 60, 3]; cp. Hippol., Ref. 7, 34, 1) τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου Gal 3:10b (cp. Dt 27:26). Also simply ὁ νόμος (Jos., Bell. 7, 162 ὁ ν. or 2, 229 ὁ ἱερὸς ν. of the holy book in a concrete sense) Mt 12:5 (Num 28:9f is meant); J 8:5; 1 Cor 9:8 (cp. Dt 25:4); 14:34 (cp. Gen 3:16); Gal 4:21b (the story of Abraham); Hb 9:19. ὁ ν. ὁ ὑμέτερος J 8:17 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 402; Tat. 40, 1 κατὰ τοὺς ἡμετέρους ν.). ἐν Μωϋσέως νόμῳ γέγραπται 1 Cor 9:9. καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου Lk 2:23 (γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ as Athen. 6, 27, 23c; IMagnMai 52, 35 [III B.C.]; Mel., P. 11, 71; cp. Just., D. 8, 4 τὰ ἐν τῷ ν. γεγραμμένα); cp. vs. 24. ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ J 1:45 (cp. Cercidas [III B.C.], Fgm. 1, 18f Diehl² [=Coll. Alex. p. 204, 29=Knox p. 196] καὶ τοῦθʼ Ὅμηρος εἶπεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι).—The Sacred Scriptures (OT) referred to as a whole in the phrase ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 6, 4; cp. Hippol., Ref. 8, 19, 1) the law (הַתּוֹרָה) and the prophets (הַנְּבִיאִים) Mt 5:17; 7:12; 11:13; 22:40; Lk 16:16; Ac 13:15; 24:14; 28:23; Ro 3:21b; cp. Dg 11:6; J 1:45. τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ ν. Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44.

ⓑ In a wider sense=Holy Scripture gener., on the principle that the most authoritative part gives its name to the whole (ὁ ν. ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 15]): J 10:34 (Ps 81:6); 12:34 (Ps 109:4; Is 9:6; Da 7:14); 15:25 (Ps 34:19; 68:5); 1 Cor 14:21 (Is 28:11f); Ro 3:19 (preceded by a cluster of quotations fr. Psalms and prophets).—Mt 5:18; Lk 10:26; 16:17; J 7:49.—JHänel, Der Schriftbegriff Jesu 1919; OMichel, Pls u. s. Bibel 1929; SWesterholm, Studies in Religion 15, ’86, 327–36.—JMeinhold, Jesus u. das AT 1896; MKähler, Jesus u. das AT² 1896; AKlöpper, Z. Stellung Jesu gegenüber d. Mos. Gesetz, Mt 5:17–48: ZWT 39, 1896, 1–23; EKlostermann, Jesu Stellung z. AT 1904; AvHarnack, Hat Jesus das atl. Gesetz abgeschafft?: Aus Wissenschaft u. Leben II 1911, 225–36, SBBerlAk 1912, 184–207; KBenz, D. Stellung Jesu zum atl. Gesetz 1914; MGoguel, RHPR 7, 1927, 160ff; BBacon, Jesus and the Law: JBL 47, 1928, 203–31; BBranscomb, Jes. and the Law of Moses 1930; WKümmel, Jes. u. d. jüd. Traditionsged.: ZNW 33, ’34, 105–30; JHempel, D. synopt. Jesus u. d. AT: ZAW 56, ’38, 1–34.—Lk-Ac: JJervell, HTR 64, ’71, 21–36.—EGrafe, D. paulin. Lehre vom Gesetz² 1893; HCremer, D. paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre 1896, 84ff; 363ff; FSieffert, D. Entwicklungslinie d. paul. Gesetzeslehre: BWeiss Festschr. 1897, 332–57; WSlaten, The Qualitative Use of νόμος in the Pauline Ep.: AJT 23, 1919, 213ff; HMosbech, Pls’ Laere om Loven: TT 4/3, 1922, 108–37; 177–221; EBurton, ICC, Gal 1921, 443–60; PFeine, Theol. des NT⁶ ’34, 208–15 (lit.); PBenoit, La Loi et la Croix d’après S. Paul (Ro 7:7–8:4): RB 47, ’38, 481–509; CMaurer, D. Gesetzeslehre des Pls ’41; PBläser, D. Gesetz b. Pls ’41; BReicke, JBL 70, ’51, 259–76; GBornkamm, Das Ende d. Gesetzes ’63; HRaisänen, Paul and the Law² ’87; PRichardson/SWesterholm, et al., Law in Religious Communities in the Rom. Period, ’91 (Torah and Nomos); MNobile, La Torà al tempo di Paolo, alcune ri-flessioni: Atti del IV simposio di Tarso su S. Paolo Apostolo, ed. LPadovese ’96, 93–106 (lit. 93f, n. 1).—Dodd 25–41.—B. 1358; 1419; 1421. DELG s.v. νέμω Ic. Schmidt, Syn. I 333–47. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

a lively dance tune.