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a+fault+of+language

  • 1 vitium

    vĭtĭum, ii ( gen. plur. vitiūm, Titin. ap. Non. p. 495, 13), n. [from the same root with vieo, vitis, vitta; prop. a twist; hence], a fault, defect, blemish, imperfection, vice (syn. menda).
    I.
    Lit.: quomodo autem in corpore est morbus, est aegrotatio, est vitium: sic in animo. Morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem: aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate: vitium, cum partes corporis inter se dissident;

    ex quo pravitas membrorum, distortio, deformitas. Itaque illa duo, morbus et aegrotatio, ex totius valetudinis corporis conquassatione et perturbatione gignuntur: vitium autem integrā valetudine ipsum ex se cernitur,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29:

    corporis,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118; Ov. F. 4, 148:

    mancipii,

    Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 6:

    jumenti,

    ib. 21, 1, 38 init. —In buildings, a breach, defect:

    si nihil est in parietibus aut in tecto vitii,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 5; cf.:

    si aedes corruerunt vitiumve fecerunt,

    have received damage, become damaged, id. Top. 3, 15.—In plants, a blemish, vice:

    sive illis (agris) omne per ignem Excoquitur vitium atque exsudat inutilis umor,

    Verg. G. 1, 88:

    vitio moriens sitit aëris herba,

    id. E. 7, 57.—In fruits, the useless part, the core:

    vitiumque cinctum fructu,

    Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 112.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., a fault, defect, blemish:

    acutius atque acrius vitia in dicente quam recta videre,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 116; cf.

    orationis,

    Quint. 1, 5, 1; 12, 1, 22:

    sermonis,

    id. 1, 1, 13:

    soloecismi,

    id. 1, 5, 53:

    ingenii,

    id. 10, 1, 60:

    mentis,

    id. 12, 1, 32:

    Stoicae sectae,

    id. 11, 1, 70:

    et illud mihi vitium'st maximum,

    my greatest fault, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 37:

    huc si perveneris, meum vitium fuerit,

    my fault, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

    quamvis quis fortunae vitio, non suo decexisset,

    id. Phil. 2, 18, 44:

    honorem vitio civitatis, non suo, non sunt adsecuti,

    id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    male conjecta falsa sunt, non rerum vitio, sed interpretum inscientiā,

    id. Div. 1, 52, 118: animadverso vitio castrorum totā nocte munitiones proferunt, i. e. the faulty, unfavorable position (just before:

    natura iniquo loco castra ponunt),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 81:

    milites item conflictati et tempestatis et sentinae vitiis,

    the injurious effects, id. ib. 3, 28:

    sese nihil adhuc arbitrari vitio factum eorum,

    id. ib. 3, 57:

    vini vitio atque amoris feci,

    through the fault of, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 15.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A moral fault, failing, error, offence, crime, vice (the predom. signif. of the word in prose and poetry; cf.:

    scelus, delictum): nullam quidem ob turpitudinem, nullum ob totius vitae non dicam vitium, sed erratum,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 133:

    legibus et praemia proposita sunt virtutibus et supplicia vitiis,

    id. de Or. 1, 58. 247:

    virtus est vitium fugere, Hor. ep. 1, 1, 41: senectus est naturā loquacior, ne ab omnibus eam vitiis videar vindicare,

    Cic. Sen. 16, 55:

    in vitio esse,

    id. Off. 1, 19, 62: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, reckon it a fault, id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

    te laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.—
    b.
    In respect of female chastity (whether of maidens or wives), a violation:

    quia pudicitiae hujus (Alcumenae) vitium me hic absente est additum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179:

    pudicitiae ejus nunquam nec vim nec vitium attuli,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 7:

    quoi misere per vim vitium obtulerat,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 10; so,

    offerre,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

    virginis,

    id. Eun. 4, 4, 55; cf.:

    vitium auctore redemit,

    Ov. H. 16 (17), 49.—
    2.
    In relig. lang., a defect in the auspices or auguries: si cui servo aut ancillae dormienti evenit, quod comitia prohibere solet, ne id quidem mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 fin. Müll.; Ter. Hec. prol. 2; Liv. 8, 23, 16; 4, 7, 3:

    id igitur obvenit vitium, quod tu jam Cal. Jan. futurum esse provideras,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

    tabernaculum vitio captum,

    id. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

    vitio navigare,

    id. Div. 1, 16, 29:

    comitiorum solum vitium est fulmen,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 43.—
    3.
    A fault of language:

    barbarismi ac soloecismi foeditas absit... haec vitia, etc.,

    Quint. 1, 5, 5.—
    4.
    In coinage, t. t., base metal, alloy:

    in aurum vitii aliquid addere,

    Dig. 48, 10, 9 praef.; cf.:

    ignis vitium metallis Excoquit,

    Ov. F. 4, 785.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vitium

  • 2 vertō or vortō

        vertō or vortō tī, sus, ere    [VERT-], to turn, turn up, turn back, direct: cardinem, O.: verso pede, O.: Non ante verso cado, i. e. emptied, H.: crateras, V.: verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus: gens ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit, i. e. is situated, Cu.: in circumsedentis Capuam se vertit, i. e. directs his attack, L.— Intrans, to turn, turn back: versuros extemplo in fugam omnes ratus, L.— Pass, to be turned, be directed, face, look: fenestrae in viam versae, L.: nunc ad fontes, nunc ad mare versus, O.—To turn about, be engaged, move, be, be situated: Magno in periclo vita vertetur tua, Ph.: in maiore discrimine verti, L.: ipse catervis Vertitur in mediis, V.—To turn back, turn about, reverse: Pompeiani se verterunt et loco cesserunt, wheeled about, Cs.: hostes terga verterunt, fled, Cs.: hostem in fugam, put to flight, L.: Hiemps piscīs ad hoc vertat mare, H.—To turn over, turn up: versā pulvis inscribitur hastā, V.: Vertitur interea caelum, revolves, V.: terram aratro, H.: versis glaebis, O.—To turn, ply, drive: stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo, V.—Fig., to turn, direct, convert, appropriate: ex illā pecuniā magnam partem ad se: congressi certamine irarum ad caedem vertuntur, i. e. are driven, L.: ne ea, quae rei p. causā egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat, Cs.: omen in Macedonum metum, Cu.: in religionem vertentes comitia biennio habita, making a matter of religious scruple, L.: Philippus totus in Persea versus, inclined towards, L.: quo me vertam? T.: quo se verteret, non habebat: si bellum omne eo vertat, L.: di vortant bene, Quod agas, prosper, T.—To ascribe, refer: quae alia in deum iras velut ultima malorum vertunt, L.: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, impute as a fault.—Pass., to turn, depend, rest, hang: hic victoria, V.: cum circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur, L.: omnia in unius potestate vertentur: spes civitatis in dictatore, L.: vertebatur, utrum manerent, an, etc., i. e. the question was discussed, L.—To turn, change, alter, transform, convert, metamorphose: terra in aquam se vertit: Verte omnīs tete in facies, V.: Auster in Africum se vertit, Cs.: versa et mutata in peiorem partem sint omnia: cur nunc tua quisquam Vertere iussa potest, V.: saevus apertam In rabiem coepit verti iocus, H.: nullā tamen alite verti Dignatur, nisi, etc., O.—Prov.: ubi omne Verterat in fumum et cinerem, i. e. had dissipated, H.— With solum, to change abode, leave the country: qui exsili causā solum verterit.—In language, to turn, translate, interpret: Platonem: annales Acilianos ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem, L.—To turn, overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy: vertit ad extremum omnia: Cycnum Vi multā, O.: ab imo moenia Troiae, V.: ne Armenia scelere verteretur, Ta.: versā Caesarum sobole, Ta.—To turn, change, be changed: iam verterat fortuna, L.—To turn, be directed, turn out, result: verterat Scipionum invidia in praetorem, L.: (quae res) tibi vertat male, turn out badly, T.: quod bene verteret, Cu.: quod nec vertat bene, V.: quod si esset factum, detrimentum in bonum verteret, Cs.: ea ludificatio veri in verum vertit, L.—Of time, in the phrase, annus vertens, the returning year, space of a year, full year: anno vertente sine controversiā (petisses); cf. annus vertens, the great cycle of the stars.

    Latin-English dictionary > vertō or vortō

  • 3 canorum

    cănōrus, a, um, adj. [canor], of or pertaining to melody, melodious, harmonious, euphonious; neutr. or act. (of sound, men, animals, instruments, etc.; class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Neutr.:

    profluens quiddam habuit Carbo et canorum,

    flowing language and a melodious voice, Cic. de Or. 3, 7, 28; Tac. A. 4, 61:

    voce suavi et canoră,

    Cic. Brut. 66, 234:

    vox Sirenum,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 311; Petr. 59, 3.—As a fault in delivery, singing, sing-song, droning:

    sine contentione vox, nec languens, nec canora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133; cf.

    cano, I. A. 2: canoro quodam modo proclamare,

    Quint. 11, 3, 170; Juv. 7, 18:

    hinnitus edere canoros,

    Suet. Ner. 46:

    versus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 76: nugae, mere jingling (Voss), id. A. P. 322: plausus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olyb. 175.—As subst.: cănō-rum, i, n., melody, charm, in speaking:

    omnino canorum illud in voce splendescit,

    Cic. Sen. 9, 28.—
    II.
    Act.
    A.
    Of men:

    canorus orator et volubilis et satis acer,

    Cic. Brut. 27, 105:

    turba,

    Ov. F. 6, 671:

    ut Gaditana canoro Incipiant prurire choro,

    in song and dance, Juv. 11, 162 Web.:

    Triton,

    Ov. M. 2, 8:

    Aeolides, i. e. Misenus,

    id. ib. 14, 102.—
    B.
    Of animals:

    cum hoc animal (gallus) sit canorum suă sponte,

    Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57:

    aves,

    Verg. G. 2, 328:

    ales, i. e. cygnus,

    Hor. C. 2, 20, 15:

    olor,

    Prop. 2 (3), 34, 84:

    Peneus canorus avium concentu,

    Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31:

    cicadae,

    id. 11, 26, 32, § 92.—
    C.
    Of instruments:

    fides,

    Verg. A. 6, 120; Hor. C. 1, 12, 11:

    aes, i. e. tubae,

    Verg. A. 9, 503; Ov. M. 3, 704:

    chelys,

    Sen. Troad. 325:

    fila lyrae,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, praef. 14.— Hence, * adv.: cănōrē, harmoniously:

    musice mundus et canore movetur,

    App. Doctr. Plat. 1; cf. cano, I. B.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > canorum

  • 4 canorus

    cănōrus, a, um, adj. [canor], of or pertaining to melody, melodious, harmonious, euphonious; neutr. or act. (of sound, men, animals, instruments, etc.; class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Neutr.:

    profluens quiddam habuit Carbo et canorum,

    flowing language and a melodious voice, Cic. de Or. 3, 7, 28; Tac. A. 4, 61:

    voce suavi et canoră,

    Cic. Brut. 66, 234:

    vox Sirenum,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 311; Petr. 59, 3.—As a fault in delivery, singing, sing-song, droning:

    sine contentione vox, nec languens, nec canora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133; cf.

    cano, I. A. 2: canoro quodam modo proclamare,

    Quint. 11, 3, 170; Juv. 7, 18:

    hinnitus edere canoros,

    Suet. Ner. 46:

    versus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 76: nugae, mere jingling (Voss), id. A. P. 322: plausus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olyb. 175.—As subst.: cănō-rum, i, n., melody, charm, in speaking:

    omnino canorum illud in voce splendescit,

    Cic. Sen. 9, 28.—
    II.
    Act.
    A.
    Of men:

    canorus orator et volubilis et satis acer,

    Cic. Brut. 27, 105:

    turba,

    Ov. F. 6, 671:

    ut Gaditana canoro Incipiant prurire choro,

    in song and dance, Juv. 11, 162 Web.:

    Triton,

    Ov. M. 2, 8:

    Aeolides, i. e. Misenus,

    id. ib. 14, 102.—
    B.
    Of animals:

    cum hoc animal (gallus) sit canorum suă sponte,

    Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57:

    aves,

    Verg. G. 2, 328:

    ales, i. e. cygnus,

    Hor. C. 2, 20, 15:

    olor,

    Prop. 2 (3), 34, 84:

    Peneus canorus avium concentu,

    Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31:

    cicadae,

    id. 11, 26, 32, § 92.—
    C.
    Of instruments:

    fides,

    Verg. A. 6, 120; Hor. C. 1, 12, 11:

    aes, i. e. tubae,

    Verg. A. 9, 503; Ov. M. 3, 704:

    chelys,

    Sen. Troad. 325:

    fila lyrae,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, praef. 14.— Hence, * adv.: cănōrē, harmoniously:

    musice mundus et canore movetur,

    App. Doctr. Plat. 1; cf. cano, I. B.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > canorus

  • 5 delinquo

    dē-linquo, līqui, lictum, 3 ( perf. delinquerunt, Liv. 1, 32 codd.), v. n. and a., to fail, be wanting.
    I.
    Lit., to fail, be lacking, for the usual deficere (cf. 1. deliquium, = defectus—very rare): delinquere frumentum, Cael. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 4, 390: delinquat aut superet aliquid tibi, Tubero ib.—
    II.
    Trop. (class.), to fail, be wanting in one's duty; to commit a fault, to do wrong, transgress, offend; and, delinquere aliquid, to commit, do something wrong.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    QVOD POPVLVS HERMVNDVLVS HOMINESQVE POPVLI HERMVNDVLI ADVERSVS POPVLVM ROMANVM BELLVM FECERE DELIQVERVNTQVE, etc., an old formula used in declaring war,

    Gell. 16, 4; cf. id. ap. Liv. 1, 32:

    an quia non delinquunt viri?

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 41:

    ut condemnaretur filius aut nepos, si pater aut avus deliquisset?

    Cic. N. D. 3, 38:

    mercede delinquere (opp. gratis recte facere),

    Sall. Hist. Fragm. 3, 61, 5 Dietsch:

    in vita,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4 fin.; cf.:

    in bello miles,

    id. Clu. 46; and:

    hac quoque in re,

    id. Inv. 2, 10, 33:

    in ancilla,

    Ov. M. 2, 8, 9:

    deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem,

    Sall. C. 52, 26:

    paulum deliquit amicus,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 84:

    multo jam ut praestet laxitate delinquere,

    Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 94.—Of errors in language, Quint. 1, 5, 49.—
    (β).
    With acc. respect.:

    dum caveatur praeter aequum ne quid delinquat,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 14; so,

    quid,

    id. Men. 5, 2, 30; id. Ps. 4, 7, 129; Cic. Agr. 2, 36 fin.; Sall. C. 51, 12:

    quae,

    id. J. 28, 4:

    quid erga aliquem,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 9:

    quid ego tibi deliqui?

    id. Am. 2, 2, 185.—With object. acc.:

    flagitia,

    Tac. A. 12, 54 fin.; cf.:

    multo majora deliquit,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 33, 23.— Pass.:

    adulterium quod pubertate delinquitur,

    Dig. 48, 5, 38; cf. delictum.— Pass. impers.:

    ut nihil a me adhuc delictum putem,

    Cic. Att. 9, 10 fin.; Gell. 5, 4, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > delinquo

  • 6 error

    error, ōris, m. [id.], a wandering.
    I.
    In gen., a wandering, straying or strolling about (rare and mostly poet.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    ad quos Ceres m illo errore venisse dicitur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 108:

    error ac dissipatio civium (sc. mercatorum),

    id. Rep. 2, 4, 7 Mos. (cf. erratio, I.): navium pars ex errore eodem conferebatur, Auct. B. Afr. 11; cf. Ov. H. 16, 29; id. M. 14, 484; id. Tr. 4, 10, 100; Verg. A. 1, 755; 6, 532 et saep.— Transf., of the motion of atoms, Lucr. 2, 132; of the meanderings of rivers, Ov. M. 1, 582; of the mazes of the labyrinth, id. ib. 8, 161; 167.—
    B.
    Trop., a wavering, uncertainty:

    fluctuat incertis erroribus ardor amantum,

    Lucr. 4, 1077: [p. 658] nec, quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio, tantus cum cura meo est error animo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 13; cf. Liv. 9, 15; 45; 27, 47; Ov. F. 5, 362 al.; so, too, with obj. gen.:

    viarum,

    uncertainty, ignorance, Liv. 24, 17; cf.

    veri,

    Tac. H. 2, 72.—
    II.
    In partic., a wandering from the right way, a going astray.
    A.
    Lit. (very seldom):

    reduxit me usque ex errore in viam,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 2; Curt. 5, 13 fin. —
    B.
    Trop., a departing from the truth, an error, mistake, delusion (class.; cf.:

    erratum, vitium, peccatum): erroris ego illos et. dementiae complebo,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 8:

    opinionibus vulgi rapimur in errorem nec vera cernimus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 17, 43; cf.:

    inducere imperitos in errorem,

    id. Brut. 85, 293; Nep. Hann. 9, 3:

    errore quodam fallimur in disputando,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 35:

    si errorem velis tollere,

    id. ib. 1, 24:

    errorem tollere,

    id. ib. 2, 10; id. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

    deponere,

    id. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

    eripere alicui,

    id. Att. 10, 4, 6:

    demere,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 140 et saep.:

    mentis,

    i. e. distraction, insanity, Cic. Att. 3, 13, 2; cf. Hor. A. P. 454; Verg. G. 3, 513; so poet. of other kinds of mental perturbation, as fear, Ov. F. 3, 555;

    love,

    Verg. E. 8, 41; Ov. Am. 1, 10, 9; cf. ib. 1, 2, 35; id. M. 10, 342: aut aliquis latet error;

    equo ne credite, Teucri,

    some deception, Verg. A. 2, 48; cf. Liv. 22, 1:

    par forma aut aetas errorem agnoscentibus fecerat,

    Tac. A. 4, 63:

    jaculum detulit error in Idam,

    Ov. M. 5, 90.—
    (β).
    Esp., an error in language, a solecism, Quint. 1, 5, 47.—
    (γ).
    Rarely a moral error, fault (cf. erro, I. B. 2.), Ov. Pont. 4, 8, 20; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 57; 2, 3, 92.—
    (δ).
    Error, personif., = Atê, the inspirer of folly or judicial blindness, Ov. M. 12, 59.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > error

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