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a+backwards+and+forwards+motion

  • 1 schaukeln

    I v/i
    1. (hat geschaukelt) swing ( auch sich schaukeln); im Wind: sway; Wiege, Schiff: rock; im Schaukelstuhl schaukeln rock in a rocking chair; an den Ringen schaukeln swing on the rings; das Boot fing an zu schaukeln the boat began to pitch and roll; das Schiff zum Schaukeln bringen make the boat pitch and roll, rock the boat
    2. (hat) (wippen) seesaw
    3. (ist) umg.
    a) (torkeln) stagger, sway;
    b) (fahren): eine „Ente“ schaukelte um die Ecke a 2 CV swayed (a)round the corner
    II v/t (hat)
    1. swing; (wiegen) rock; die alte DC 3 schaukelte uns nach Panama the old DC3 gave us a bumpy flight to Panama
    2. umg., fig. (zustande bringen) wangle; das werden wir schon schaukeln oder Papa wird das Kind schon schaukeln we’ll manage ( oder fix) that somehow, we’ll swing it somehow, we’ll see to that (, don’t you worry)
    * * *
    to dandle; to seesaw; to rock; to swing; to sway
    * * *
    schau|keln ['ʃaukln]
    1. vi
    1) (mit Schaukel) to swing; (im Schaukelstuhl) to rock

    die Kinder wollen scháúkeln — the children want to play on the swings

    auf or mit dem Stuhl scháúkeln — to swing or rock back and forth in one's chair, to tip one's chair back and forth

    2) (= sich hin und her bewegen) to swing or sway (to and fro or back and forth); (= sich auf und ab bewegen) to rock up and down; (Fahrzeug) to bounce (up and down); (Schiff) to rock, to pitch and toss; (Aktienkurse) to go up and down, to fluctuate
    3) aux sein (=sich schaukelnd bewegen Schiff) to pitch and toss; (= gemütlich fahren) to jog along
    2. vt
    to rock

    jdn durch die Gegend scháúkeln (inf) — to take sb for a spin round the place (inf)

    wir werden das Kind or die Sache or das schon scháúkeln (inf) — we'll manage it

    3. vi impers
    * * *
    1) (to move quickly up and down: The father was dancing the baby on his knee.) dance
    2) (to (cause to) swing gently backwards and forwards or from side to side: The mother rocked the cradle; This cradle rocks.) rock
    3) (to (cause to) move from side to side or up and down with a swinging or rocking action: The branches swayed gently in the breeze.) sway
    4) (the motion of swaying: the sway of the ship's deck.) sway
    * * *
    schau·keln
    [ˈʃaukl̩n]
    I. vi
    1. (die Schaukel benutzen) to [go on the] swing
    ▪ [mit etw dat] \schaukeln to rock [sth]
    im Schaukelstuhl sitzen und \schaukeln to sit in the rocking chair and rock backwards and forwards
    3. (schwanken) to roll [from side to side]; (hin und her schwingen) to swing [backwards and forwards]
    II. vt
    ▪ jdn \schaukeln to push sb [on the swing], to swing sb
    ▪ etw \schaukeln to manage sth
    wie hat er das nur geschaukelt? how on earth did he manage that?; s.a. Kind, Sache
    * * *
    1.
    1) swing; (im Schaukelstuhl) rock
    2) (sich hin und her bewegen) sway [to and fro]; (sich auf und ab bewegen) <ship, boat> pitch and toss; < vehicle> bump [up and down]; unpers

    es hat ganz schön geschaukelt — (auf dem Boot) the boat pitched and tossed quite a bit

    2.
    1) rock
    2) (ugs.): (fahren) take
    3) (ugs.): (bewerkstelligen) manage
    * * *
    A. v/i
    sich schaukeln); im Wind: sway; Wiege, Schiff: rock;
    im Schaukelstuhl schaukeln rock in a rocking chair;
    an den Ringen schaukeln swing on the rings;
    das Boot fing an zu schaukeln the boat began to pitch and roll;
    das Schiff zum Schaukeln bringen make the boat pitch and roll, rock the boat
    2. (hat) (wippen) seesaw
    3. (ist) umg (torkeln) stagger, sway; (fahren):
    eine „Ente“ schaukelte um die Ecke a 2 CV swayed (a)round the corner
    B. v/t (hat)
    1. swing; (wiegen) rock;
    die alte DC 3 schaukelte uns nach Panama the old DC3 gave us a bumpy flight to Panama
    2. umg, fig (zustande bringen) wangle;
    Papa wird das Kind schon schaukeln we’ll manage ( oder fix) that somehow, we’ll swing it somehow, we’ll see to that (,don’t you worry)
    * * *
    1.
    1) swing; (im Schaukelstuhl) rock
    2) (sich hin und her bewegen) sway [to and fro]; (sich auf und ab bewegen) <ship, boat> pitch and toss; < vehicle> bump [up and down]; unpers

    es hat ganz schön geschaukelt — (auf dem Boot) the boat pitched and tossed quite a bit

    2.
    1) rock
    2) (ugs.): (fahren) take
    3) (ugs.): (bewerkstelligen) manage
    * * *
    v.
    to rock v.
    to swing v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: swung)

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schaukeln

  • 2 va-et-vient

    va-et-vient [vaevjɛ̃]
    invariable masculine noun
       a. [de personnes, véhicules] comings and goings
       b. ( = interrupteur) two-way switch
    * * *
    vaevjɛ̃
    nom masculin invariable
    1) ( allées et venues) (de personnes, véhicules) comings and goings (pl); (de dossiers, d'idées) to-ing and fro-ing

    faire le va-et-vient — [personne, bateau] to go to and fro; [dossier] to go back and forth

    2) Électrotechnique two-way switch
    * * *
    vaevjɛ̃ nm inv
    1) [pièce mobile] to and fro movement
    2) [personnes, véhicules] comings and goings pl to-ings and fro-ings pl
    3) ÉLECTRICITÉ, ÉLECTRONIQUE two-way switch
    * * *
    va-et-vient nm inv
    1 ( allées et venues) (de personnes, véhicules) comings and goings (pl) (de of); (de dossiers, d'idées) toing and froing; faire le va-et-vient [personne, bateau] to go to and fro (entre qch et qch between sth and sth); [dossier, loi] to go backwards and forwards GB, to go back and forth;
    2 ( mouvement de foule) toing and froing (de in);
    3 ( balancement) toing and froing; mouvement de va-et-vient ( horizontal) to and fro motion; ( vertical) up-and-down movement;
    4 Électrotech two-way switch;
    5 Naut ( cordage) hauling line;
    6 Tech ( charnière) two-way hinge; ( porte) swing door.
    [vaevjɛ̃] nom masculin invariable
    2. [aller et retour]
    faire le va-et-vient to go back and forth ou backwards and forwards
    5. [charnière de porte] helical hinge
    porte/battant à va-et-vient swing door/panel
    6. [bac] small ferry ou ferryboat

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > va-et-vient

  • 3 APTR

    adv.
    1) back; fara (snúa, koma, senda, sœkja, hverfa) a., to go (turn etc.) back; reka a., to drive back, repel; kalla a., to recall, revoke;
    2) backwards; fram ok a., backwards and forwards, to and fro; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., they bent their necks backwards;
    3) lúka (láta) a., to shut, close; hlið, port, hurð er a., is shut;
    4) at the back, in the rear; þat er maðr fram, en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part of a beast; bæði a. ok fram, stem and stern (of a ship); Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, S. sat aft on the stern-chest;
    5) again; Freyja vaknar ok snerist við ok sofnar a., and falls asleep again.
    * * *
    and aftr (aptar, N. G. L. i. 347), adv., compar. aptar, superl. aptast, [Ulf. aftra = πάλιν], the spelling with p is borne out by the Gr. αψ.
    I. Loc. back, back again:
    1. WITH MOTION, connected with verbs denoting to go or move, such as fara, ganga, koma, leiða, senda, snúa, sækja, etc., where aptr almost answers to Lat. re-, remittere, reducere, reverti …; gefa a., reddere; bera a., refellere; kalla a., revocare; reka a., repellere: a. hverfr lygi þá er sönnu mætir (a proverb), a lie turns back when it meets truth, Bs. i. 639. ‘aptr’ implies a notion a loco or in locum, ‘eptir’ that of remaining in loco; thus skila a. means remittere; skilja eptir, relinquere; taka a., recipere, in a bad sense; taka eptir, animum attendere; fara a., redire; vera e., remanere, etc.; fara, snúa, koma, senda, sækja, hverfa a., Nj. 260, 281, Fms. x. 395, iv. 300, Edda 30, Eg. 271, Eb. 4, Fs. 6; færa a., to repay, N. G. L. i. 20; snúast a., Lækn. 472. Without actual motion,—as of sounds; þeir heyrðu a. í rjóðrit óp, they heard shouting behind them, Fms. iv. 300; nú skal eigi prestr ganga svá langt frá kirkju at hann heyri eigi klokkur hljóð aftar (= aftr), he shall not go out of the sound of the bells, N. G. L. i. 347.
    β. backwards; fram ok a., to and fro (freq.); reið hann suðr aptr, rode back again, Nj. 29; aptr á bak, supine, bent or turned back, Eg. 380; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., bent their necks backwards in order to be able to see, Edda 30; skreiðast a. af hestinum, to slip down backwards from the croup of a horse, to dismount, Fs. 65.
    γ. connected with many verbs such as, láta, lúka a., to close, shut, opp. to láta, lúka upp, Fær. 264, Eg. 7, Landn. 162; in a reverse sense to Lat. recludere, reserere, rescindere, resolvere.
    2. WITHOUT MOTION = aptan, the hind part, the back of anything; þat er maðr fram ( superne), en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part a beast, 673. 2; síðan lagði hann at tennrnar a. við huppinn, he caught the hip with his teeth, Vígl. 21. The English aft when used of a ship; breði a. ok fram, stern and stem (of a ship), Fms. ix. 310; Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, sate aft on the stern-chest, vii. 201; a. ok frammi, of the parts of the body (of a seal), Sks. 179. Compar. aptarr, farther back, Fms. vi. 76.
    II. TEMP. again, πάλιν, iterum: this use of the word, general as it is at present, hardly appears in old writers; they seem to have had no special expression for again, but instead of it said síðan, enn, or used a periphrase, á nýja leik, öðru sinni, annat sinn, or some other substitute. It is, however, very freq. in Goth. aftra = πάλιν, Swed. åter, Dan. atter; some passages in the Sagas come near to the mod. use, e. g. bæta a., restituere, to give back (but not temp.); segja friði a., to recal, N. G. L. i. 103; hann maelti at engi mundi þann fald a. falda, El. 20, uncertain whether loc. ( backward) or iterum, most likely the former. It is now used in a great many compounds, answering to Lat. re-, cp. also endr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > APTR

  • 4 dispositivo de lectura digital

    Ex. When the machine is set in motion a scanning device travels backwards and forwards over the original as it rotates, and transmits an electronic signal whenever it 'reads' a black or image area.
    * * *

    Ex: When the machine is set in motion a scanning device travels backwards and forwards over the original as it rotates, and transmits an electronic signal whenever it 'reads' a black or image area.

    Spanish-English dictionary > dispositivo de lectura digital

  • 5 commoveo

    com-mŏvĕo ( conm-), mōvi, mōtum, 2 (contr. forms:

    commōrunt,

    Lucr. 2, 766; commōrat, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51; commōrit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 45;

    commossem,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90;

    commosset,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45;

    commosse,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; id. Fam. 7, 18, 3), v. a., to put something in violent motion, to move; both of removing from a place and backwards and forwards in a place; to shake, stir (freq. in every period and species of composition).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    To remove from a place, to carry away, displace, to start, set in motion, move:

    neque miser me commovere possum prae formidine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 181; id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:

    facilius est currentem incitare quam commovere languentem,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

    columnas,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145:

    castra ex eo loco,

    to move forward, decamp, id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; cf.

    aciem,

    to set the line in motion, Liv. 2, 65, 5; 9, 27, 10:

    se ex eo loco,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:

    se domo,

    id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    me Thessalonicā,

    id. Att. 3, 13, 1:

    te istinc,

    id. Fam. 6, 20, 3: agmen loco. to force back, cause to retreat, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 58, 20; so,

    hostem,

    Liv. 9, 40, 9; 10, 29, 9:

    cervum,

    Verg. A. 7, 494:

    molem,

    Val. Fl. 2, 33:

    nummum,

    i. e. to use in business, Cic. Font. 5, 11 (1, 1); id. Fl. 19, 44:

    ais, si una littera commota sit, fore tota ut labet disciplina. Utrum igitur tibi litteram videor an totas paginas commovere?

    id. Fin. 4, 19, 53.—Sacra, t. t., to move or carry about the sacred utensils, images, etc., for religious use, Verg. A. 4, 301 Serv.; cf. Cato, R. R. 134, 4:

    ancilia,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 3:

    tripodes,

    Sen. Med. 786.—Hence, humorously: mea si commovi sacra, if I put my instruments (artifices, tricks, etc.) in motion, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 107. —Prov.:

    glaebam commosset in agro decumano Siciliae nemo,

    would have stirred a clod, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45.—
    B. 1.
    Of things:

    magni commorunt aequora venti,

    Lucr. 2, 766:

    alas,

    Verg. A. 5, 217; cf.:

    penna commota volucris,

    Sil. 6, 59; Sen. Agam. 633. —
    2.
    Of persons, with se:

    quis sese commovere potest, cujus ille (sc. Roscius) vitia non videat?

    can stir, Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 233:

    num infitiari potes te... meā diligentiā circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse,

    id. Cat. 1, 3, 7; Nep. Ages. 6, 3; Liv. 2, 54, 6; cf.:

    Lanuvii hastam se commovisse,

    id. 21, 62, 4.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) To move, drive back, distodge, refute, confute:

    nunc comminus agamus experiamurque, si possimus cornua commovere disputationis tuae,

    Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:

    si convellere adoriamur ea, quae commoveri non possunt,

    id. de Or. 2, 51, 205.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B.) To throw into disorder, physical or mental; to unbalance, unsettle, shake, disturb (rare but class.):

    adflantur alii sidere, alii commoventur statis temporibus alvo, nervis, capite, mente,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:

    perleviter commotus fuerat... (postea) eum vidi plane integrum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: Bacchi sacris commota, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 36, 80:

    commotus habebitur, i. e. mente captus,

    frantic, crazed, Hor. S. 2, 3, 209; cf.:

    commota mens,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 278; Plin. 36, 21, 40, § 152; and:

    commotus mente,

    id. 23, 1, 16, § 23.—
    2. (α).
    With abl.: commorat hominem lacrimis, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2:

    aliquem nimiā longinquitate locorum ac desiderio suorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

    aut libidine aliquā aut metu,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. Font. 16, 36 (12, 26):

    ludis,

    id. Mur. 19, 40:

    quis enim, cum sibi fingit aliquid et cogitatione depingit, non simul ac se ipse commovit atque ad se revocavit, sentit, etc.,

    aroused, id. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

    et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    adfectibus,

    Quint. 9, 4, 4:

    doctā voce,

    id. 2, 16, 9:

    cujus atrocitate,

    id. 6, 1, 32:

    vix sum apud me, ita animus commotu'st metu, Spe, gaudio,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 34; Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    commota vehementi metu mens,

    Lucr. 3, 153. —
    (β).
    Absol.:

    commorat omnes nos,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51:

    cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est, commoveri necesse est,

    one must be affected by it, it must make an impression on one, Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:

    nihil me clamor iste commovet,

    id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:

    si quos adversum proelium et fuga Gallorum commoveret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    in commovendis judiciis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf.:

    commotus ab oratore judex,

    Quint. 6, 2, 7:

    qui me commorit, flebit,

    provoke, rouse, Hor. S. 2, 1, 45:

    Neptunus graviter commotus,

    Verg. A. 1, 126:

    domo ejus omnia abstulit quae paulo magis animum cujuspiam aut oculos possent commovere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Quint. 12, 10, 50: dormiunt;

    pol ego istos commovebo,

    awake, arouse, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

    porticus haec ipsa et palaestra Graecarum disputationum memoriam quodammodo commovent,

    stir up, awaken, revive, Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20.—Of things:

    aes alienum,

    to demand, Tac. A. 6, 17:

    commotā principis domo,

    id. ib. 4, 52 init.:

    si umquam vitae cupiditas in me fuisset, ego... omnium parricidarum tela commossem?

    provoked, Cic. Planc. 37, 90. —
    (γ).
    With in and abl.:

    qui cum ingeniis conflictatur ejus modi, Neque commovetur animus in eā re tamen,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 67:

    vidi enim vos in hoc nomine, cum testis diceret, commoveri,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 125:

    in hac virgine commotus sum,

    i. e. in love, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58; Auct. B. Afr. 57, 72.—
    (ε).
    With ad and acc.:

    nec sane satis commoveor animo ad ea. quae vis canenda,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

    homines ad turpe compendium,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.—
    (ζ).
    With ut and subj.:

    adeone me ignavom putas, ut neque me consuetudo neque amor Commoveat neque commoneat, ut servem fidem?

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:

    tua nos voluntas commovit, ut conscriberemus, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—
    b.
    Of the passions, etc., to rouse, stir up, excite, produce, generate: belli magnos commovit funditus aestus, moved the waves of strife from their foundations, Lucr. 5, 1434; cf.:

    commovere tumultum aut bellum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 20:

    misericordiam, invidiam, iracundiam,

    id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; cf.:

    commovere miserationem,

    Quint. 6, 1, 46; 10, 1, 64:

    magnum et acerbum dolorem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

    invidiam aliquam in me,

    id. Phil. 3, 7, 18:

    summum odium in eum,

    id. Inv. 1, 54, 103:

    bilem,

    id. Att. 2, 7, 2:

    multorum scribendi studia,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8:

    adfectus,

    Quint. 4, prooem. § 6; 5, 8, 3; cf.:

    adfectus vehementer commotos (opp. lenes),

    id. 6, 2, 9.—
    C.
    In discourse:

    nova quaedam,

    to start new doctrines, adduce novelties, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18.— Hence, commōtus, a, um, P. a., moved, excited, aroused:

    genus (dicendi) in agendo,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32; cf.:

    Fimbria paulo fervidior atque commotior,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    incidere in rem commotam (i. e. amorem),

    Sen. Ep. 116, 5:

    animus commotior,

    Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80:

    commotius ad omnia turbanda consilium,

    Liv. 6, 14, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    Drusus animo commotior,

    more violent, passionate, Tac. A. 4, 3; cf.:

    commotus ingenio,

    id. ib. 6, 45; and:

    Agrippina paulo commotior,

    id. ib. 1, 33:

    commoto similis,

    to one provoked, enraged, Suet. Aug. 51; cf. id. Tib. 51.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > commoveo

  • 6 conmoveo

    com-mŏvĕo ( conm-), mōvi, mōtum, 2 (contr. forms:

    commōrunt,

    Lucr. 2, 766; commōrat, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51; commōrit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 45;

    commossem,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90;

    commosset,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45;

    commosse,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; id. Fam. 7, 18, 3), v. a., to put something in violent motion, to move; both of removing from a place and backwards and forwards in a place; to shake, stir (freq. in every period and species of composition).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    To remove from a place, to carry away, displace, to start, set in motion, move:

    neque miser me commovere possum prae formidine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 181; id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:

    facilius est currentem incitare quam commovere languentem,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

    columnas,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145:

    castra ex eo loco,

    to move forward, decamp, id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; cf.

    aciem,

    to set the line in motion, Liv. 2, 65, 5; 9, 27, 10:

    se ex eo loco,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:

    se domo,

    id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    me Thessalonicā,

    id. Att. 3, 13, 1:

    te istinc,

    id. Fam. 6, 20, 3: agmen loco. to force back, cause to retreat, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 58, 20; so,

    hostem,

    Liv. 9, 40, 9; 10, 29, 9:

    cervum,

    Verg. A. 7, 494:

    molem,

    Val. Fl. 2, 33:

    nummum,

    i. e. to use in business, Cic. Font. 5, 11 (1, 1); id. Fl. 19, 44:

    ais, si una littera commota sit, fore tota ut labet disciplina. Utrum igitur tibi litteram videor an totas paginas commovere?

    id. Fin. 4, 19, 53.—Sacra, t. t., to move or carry about the sacred utensils, images, etc., for religious use, Verg. A. 4, 301 Serv.; cf. Cato, R. R. 134, 4:

    ancilia,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 3:

    tripodes,

    Sen. Med. 786.—Hence, humorously: mea si commovi sacra, if I put my instruments (artifices, tricks, etc.) in motion, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 107. —Prov.:

    glaebam commosset in agro decumano Siciliae nemo,

    would have stirred a clod, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45.—
    B. 1.
    Of things:

    magni commorunt aequora venti,

    Lucr. 2, 766:

    alas,

    Verg. A. 5, 217; cf.:

    penna commota volucris,

    Sil. 6, 59; Sen. Agam. 633. —
    2.
    Of persons, with se:

    quis sese commovere potest, cujus ille (sc. Roscius) vitia non videat?

    can stir, Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 233:

    num infitiari potes te... meā diligentiā circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse,

    id. Cat. 1, 3, 7; Nep. Ages. 6, 3; Liv. 2, 54, 6; cf.:

    Lanuvii hastam se commovisse,

    id. 21, 62, 4.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) To move, drive back, distodge, refute, confute:

    nunc comminus agamus experiamurque, si possimus cornua commovere disputationis tuae,

    Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:

    si convellere adoriamur ea, quae commoveri non possunt,

    id. de Or. 2, 51, 205.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B.) To throw into disorder, physical or mental; to unbalance, unsettle, shake, disturb (rare but class.):

    adflantur alii sidere, alii commoventur statis temporibus alvo, nervis, capite, mente,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:

    perleviter commotus fuerat... (postea) eum vidi plane integrum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: Bacchi sacris commota, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 36, 80:

    commotus habebitur, i. e. mente captus,

    frantic, crazed, Hor. S. 2, 3, 209; cf.:

    commota mens,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 278; Plin. 36, 21, 40, § 152; and:

    commotus mente,

    id. 23, 1, 16, § 23.—
    2. (α).
    With abl.: commorat hominem lacrimis, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2:

    aliquem nimiā longinquitate locorum ac desiderio suorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

    aut libidine aliquā aut metu,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. Font. 16, 36 (12, 26):

    ludis,

    id. Mur. 19, 40:

    quis enim, cum sibi fingit aliquid et cogitatione depingit, non simul ac se ipse commovit atque ad se revocavit, sentit, etc.,

    aroused, id. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

    et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    adfectibus,

    Quint. 9, 4, 4:

    doctā voce,

    id. 2, 16, 9:

    cujus atrocitate,

    id. 6, 1, 32:

    vix sum apud me, ita animus commotu'st metu, Spe, gaudio,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 34; Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    commota vehementi metu mens,

    Lucr. 3, 153. —
    (β).
    Absol.:

    commorat omnes nos,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51:

    cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est, commoveri necesse est,

    one must be affected by it, it must make an impression on one, Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:

    nihil me clamor iste commovet,

    id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:

    si quos adversum proelium et fuga Gallorum commoveret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    in commovendis judiciis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf.:

    commotus ab oratore judex,

    Quint. 6, 2, 7:

    qui me commorit, flebit,

    provoke, rouse, Hor. S. 2, 1, 45:

    Neptunus graviter commotus,

    Verg. A. 1, 126:

    domo ejus omnia abstulit quae paulo magis animum cujuspiam aut oculos possent commovere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Quint. 12, 10, 50: dormiunt;

    pol ego istos commovebo,

    awake, arouse, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

    porticus haec ipsa et palaestra Graecarum disputationum memoriam quodammodo commovent,

    stir up, awaken, revive, Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20.—Of things:

    aes alienum,

    to demand, Tac. A. 6, 17:

    commotā principis domo,

    id. ib. 4, 52 init.:

    si umquam vitae cupiditas in me fuisset, ego... omnium parricidarum tela commossem?

    provoked, Cic. Planc. 37, 90. —
    (γ).
    With in and abl.:

    qui cum ingeniis conflictatur ejus modi, Neque commovetur animus in eā re tamen,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 67:

    vidi enim vos in hoc nomine, cum testis diceret, commoveri,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 125:

    in hac virgine commotus sum,

    i. e. in love, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58; Auct. B. Afr. 57, 72.—
    (ε).
    With ad and acc.:

    nec sane satis commoveor animo ad ea. quae vis canenda,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

    homines ad turpe compendium,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.—
    (ζ).
    With ut and subj.:

    adeone me ignavom putas, ut neque me consuetudo neque amor Commoveat neque commoneat, ut servem fidem?

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:

    tua nos voluntas commovit, ut conscriberemus, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—
    b.
    Of the passions, etc., to rouse, stir up, excite, produce, generate: belli magnos commovit funditus aestus, moved the waves of strife from their foundations, Lucr. 5, 1434; cf.:

    commovere tumultum aut bellum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 20:

    misericordiam, invidiam, iracundiam,

    id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; cf.:

    commovere miserationem,

    Quint. 6, 1, 46; 10, 1, 64:

    magnum et acerbum dolorem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

    invidiam aliquam in me,

    id. Phil. 3, 7, 18:

    summum odium in eum,

    id. Inv. 1, 54, 103:

    bilem,

    id. Att. 2, 7, 2:

    multorum scribendi studia,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8:

    adfectus,

    Quint. 4, prooem. § 6; 5, 8, 3; cf.:

    adfectus vehementer commotos (opp. lenes),

    id. 6, 2, 9.—
    C.
    In discourse:

    nova quaedam,

    to start new doctrines, adduce novelties, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18.— Hence, commōtus, a, um, P. a., moved, excited, aroused:

    genus (dicendi) in agendo,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32; cf.:

    Fimbria paulo fervidior atque commotior,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    incidere in rem commotam (i. e. amorem),

    Sen. Ep. 116, 5:

    animus commotior,

    Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80:

    commotius ad omnia turbanda consilium,

    Liv. 6, 14, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    Drusus animo commotior,

    more violent, passionate, Tac. A. 4, 3; cf.:

    commotus ingenio,

    id. ib. 6, 45; and:

    Agrippina paulo commotior,

    id. ib. 1, 33:

    commoto similis,

    to one provoked, enraged, Suet. Aug. 51; cf. id. Tib. 51.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conmoveo

  • 7 ἄνω

    ἄνω (A), imper.
    A

    ἀνέτω S.Ichn.70

    , inf.

    ἄνειν Pl.Cra. 415a

    , part. ἄνων, [tense] impf. ἦνον, etc. (v. infr.): [tense] aor.

    ἤνεσα IG7.3226

     (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), Hymn.Is.35, prob. in AP7.701.1 (Diod.) ( ἤνεσ' codd.):— = ἀνύω, ἀνύτω, accomplish, finish,

    ἦνον ὁδόν Od.3.496

    ;

    οὔτ' ἄν τι θύων οὔτ' ἐπισπένδων ἄνοις A.Fr. 161

     (Dobree, cf. AB406);

    ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἦνεν E.Andr. 1132

    ;

    ἦ τὸ δέον.. ἤνομεν; S.Ichn.98

    ; ταῦτα πρὸς ἀνδρός ἐστ' ἄνοντος εἰς σωτηρίαν (cf.

    ἀνύω 1.6

    ) Ar.V. 369;

    ἀρυσσάμενοι ποτὸν ἤνομεν AP 11.64

     (Agath.).
    II [voice] Pass., come to an end, be finished, mostly of a period of time, μάλα γὰρ νὺξ ἄνεται night is quickly drawing to a close, Il.10.251; ἔτος ἀνόμενον the waning year, Hdt.7.20;

    ἦμαρ ἀνόμενον A.R.2.494

    ;

    ἀνομένου τοῦ μηνός SIG577.30

     (Milet., iii/ii B.C.); also

    ὅππως.. ἔργον ἄνοιτο Il.18.473

    ;

    ἤνετο τὸ ἔργον Hdt.1.189

    , 8.71;

    ἀνομένων βημάτων A.Ch. 799

    ;

    ὁπόταν θήρης.. ἔργον ἄνηται Opp.H.5.442

    : impers., λιταῖς ἄνεται, = λιταὶ ἀνύονται, Pi.O.8.8. [[pron. full] ᾱ Hom., exc. Il.18.473: afterwds. common, cf. A. l.c., Opp.H. l.c. Orig. ἄνϝω, cf. ἀνύω.]
    ------------------------------------
    ἄνω (B), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὄνω, Adv., ([etym.] ἀνά):
    I with Verbs implying Motion, upwards,

    ἄ. ὤθεσκε ποτὶ λόφον Od.11.596

    ; ἄ. ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἀναπλεῖν up stream, Hdt.2.155;

    ἄ. ποταμῶν χωροῦσι παγαί E.Med. 410

     (lyr.), hence "ἄ. ποταμῶν", proverbial, D.19.287, etc.;

    κόνις δ' ἄ. φορεῖτο S. El. 714

    ;

    κονιορτὸς ἄ. ἐχώρει Th.4.34

    ; ἡ ἄ. ὁδός the upward road, Pl. R. 621c; ἄ. ἰόντι going up the country (i.e. inland, v. infr. 11.1f), Hdt.2.8; ἄ. κάτω, v. infr. 11.2; πέμπειν ἄ., i.e. from the nether world, A.Pers. 645 (lyr.), cf. Ch. 147;

    σύριγγες ἄ. φυσῶσιμέλαν μένος S. Aj. 1412

     (lyr.).
    II with Verbsimplying Rest, aloft, on high, ib. 240, etc.;

    τὸ ἄ. Pl.Phdr. 248a

    , etc.
    b on earth, opp. the world below,

    νέρθε κἀπὶ γῆς ἄ. S.OT 416

    ;

    ἡνίκ' ἦσθ' ἄ. Id.El. 1167

    ;

    ἄ. βλέπειν Id.Ph. 1348

    ;

    ἄ. ἐπὶ [τῆς] γῆς Pl.Phd. 109c

    ; οἱ ἄ. the living, opp. οἱ κάτω the dead, S.Ant. 1068, cf. Ph. 1348, etc.; τὰ ἄ. πράγματα the world above, Luc.Cont.1.
    c in heaven, opp. earth, οἱ ἄ. θεοί the gods above, S.Ant. 1072;

    κῆρυξ τῶν ἄ. τε καὶ κάτω A.Ch. 124

    : esp. in NT,

    ἐκ τῶν ἄ. εἰμί Ev.Jo.8.23

    ;

    ἡ ἄ. Ἱερουσαλήμ Ep.Gal.4.26

    ;

    ἡ ἄ. κλῆσις Ep.Phil.3.14

    .
    d generally, of relative position, ὁ δῆμος ἄ. καθῆτο in the upper quarter of the city, i.e. the Pnyx, D.18.169; ἡ ἄ. βουλή, i.e. the Areopagus, Plu.Sol.19; βαλλόμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν ἄ. by those above on the roofs, Th.4.48;

    τὰ ἄ. X.An.4.3.25

    ; τὰ ἄ. τῆς οἰκίας, opp. θεμέλια, Id.Eq.1.2;

    οἱ ἄ. τόποι OGI111.17

    .
    e geographically, on the upper side, i.e. on the north,

    ἄ. πρὸς βορέην Hdt.1.72

    ; οὔτε τὰ ἄ. χωρία οὔτε τὰ κάτω [οὔτε τὰ πρὸς τὴν ἠῶ οὔτε τὰ πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέρην] Id.1.142;

    ὁ ἄ. τόπος Pl.R. 435e

    .
    f inward from the coast,

    ἡ ἄ. Ἀσίη Hdt.1.95

    ; τὰ ἄ. τῆς Ἀσίης ib. 177; ἡ ἄ. ὁδός the upper or inland road, Id.7.128, X.An.3.1.8; ἡ ἄ. πόλις, opp. the Piraeus, Th.2.48; in full, οἱ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄ. ib.83;

    ἡ ἄ. Μακεδονία Plu.Pyrrh.11

    ; ὁ ἄ. βασιλεύς the king of the upper country, i.e. of Persia, X.An.7.1.28.
    g in the race-course,

    τὰ ἄ.

     turning-post,

    Pl.R. 613b

    ; cf. κάτω.
    h in the body, τὰ ἄ. the upper parts, opp. τὸ κάτω, Arist.GA 741b28, al.;

    ἡ ἄ. κοιλία Id.Mete. 360b23

    .
    i of Time, formerly, of old, εἰς τὸ ἄ. reckoning upwards or backwards, of generations, Pl.Tht. 175b; οἱ ἄ. men of olden time, Id.Criti. 110b;

    οἱ ἄ. τοῦ γένους Id.Lg. 878a

    ; αἱ ἄ. μητρός the mother's lineal ancestors, Id.R. 461c, cf. infr. c;

    ἐν τοῖς ἄ. χρόνοις D.18.310

    .
    k above, in referring to a passage, Pl.Grg. 508e;

    ἐν τοῖς ἄ. λόγοις R. 603d

    , cf. Arist.Rh. 1412b33, etc.
    1 of tones in the voice,

    οἱ ἄ. τόνοι Plu.Cic.3

    .
    m metaph., ἄ. βαίνειν walk proudly, Philostr.VA1.13;

    ἄ. φρονεῖν Hld.7.23

    .
    n higher, more general, of κατηγορίαι, Arist.AP0.82a23.
    2 ἄ. καὶ κάτω up and down, to and fro,

    εἷρπ' ἄ. τε καὶ κάτω E.HF 953

    ;

    ἄ. καὶ κ. φεύγειν Ar.Ach.21

    ;

    ἄ. τε καὶ κ. κυκᾶν Id.Eq. 866

    ;

    περιπατεῖν ἄ. κ. Id.Lys. 709

    .
    b upside-down, topsy-turvy,

    τὰ μὲν ἄ. κ. θήσω, τὰ δὲ κ. ἄ. Hdt.3.3

    ;

    πάντ' ἄ. τε καὶ κ. στρέφων τίθησιν A.Eu. 650

    ;

    τρέπουσα τύρβ' ἄ. κ. Id.Fr. 311

    , cf. Ar.Av.3;

    ἄ. κ. συγχεῖν E.Ba. 349

    ;

    ἄ. καὶ κ. ποιεῖν τὰ πράγματα D.9.36

    ;

    τοὺς νόμους στρέφειν 21.19

    ;

    πόλλ' ἄ., τὰ δ' αὖ κ. κυλίνδοντ' ἐλπίδες Pi.O.12.6

    ;

    πολλάκις ἐμαυτὸν ἄ. κ. μετέβαλλον

     backwards and forwards,

    Pl.Phd. 96a

    , cf. Prt. 356d.
    3 ἄ. ἔχειν τὸ πνεῦμα pant or gasp, Men.23, cf. Sosicr.1.
    B as Prep. with gen., above,

    ἡ ἄ. Ἅλυος Ἀσίη Hdt.1.130

    , cf. 103, Call.Jov.24; αἱ ἄ. μητρός (v. supr. 11.1 i); ἄ. τοῦ γόνατος above the knee, Thphr.Char.4.4;

    ἀπὸ ἄ. τῆς χθονὸς ταύτης LXX 3 Ki.14.15

    .
    2 with partitive gen., αἰθέρος ἄ. ἑλεῖν dub. in S.Ph. 1092, cf. E.Or. 1542;

    γῆς ἥκοντ' ἄ. Id.HF 616

    ;

    μικρὸν προαγαγὼν ἄ. τῶν πραγμάτων Aeschin.2.34

    .
    C [comp] Comp. ἀνωτέρω, abs., higher,

    ἀ. θακῶν.. Ζεύς A.Pr. 314

    ; ἀ. οὐδὲν τῶν πρηγμάτων προκοπτομένων not getting on any farther, Hdt. 1.190;

    ἀδελφῷ ἢ πατρὶ ἢ ἔτι ἀ. Pl.Lg. 880b

    ;

    οὐ προήϊσαν ἀ. τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέρης Hdt.8.130

    .
    2 c. gen., ἀ. Σάμου ib. 132;

    ἀ. γίγνεσθαί τινων X.An.4.2.25

    ; ἀ. τῶν μαστῶν above them, ib.1.4.17; later

    ἀνώτερον Plb.1.7.2

    , etc.; cf. ἀνώτερος.
    II [comp] Sup. ἀνωτάτω, ἐς τοὺς ἀ. (sc. στάντας) Hdt.7.23;

    ἡ ἀ. κώμη X.An.7.4.11

    ;

    ἀνῳκίσανθ' ὅπως ἀ. Ar. Pax 207

    ; ἡ ἀ. ἄσκησις the highest, Arr.Epict.3.24.84, cf. Ph.1.33, al.;

    τὰ ἀ. τῶν γενῶν Arist.Metaph. 998b18

    , cf. Zeno Stoic.1.51, S.E.P. 1.138;

    τὰ ἀ. τρία Ph.1.321

    ; ἡ ἀ. διαίρεσις Ps.-Alex.Aphr. in SE20.27.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄνω

  • 8 citer

    cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].
    I.
    On this side:

    citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

    citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    in Galliā citeriore,

    id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:

    citerior Hispania,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:

    Arabia,

    Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:

    Oceanus,

    Flor. 4, 12, 46:

    ripa,

    Vell. 2, 107, 1.—
    II.
    As that which is on this side is nearer to us than its opposite, lying near, near, close to.
    A.
    In space:

    (stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:

    citima Persidis (sc. loca),

    Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —
    2.
    Trop.:

    deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

    quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,

    id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:

    ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,

    id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:

    nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,

    id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:

    citerioris vitae minister,

    private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—
    B.
    In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:

    Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,

    Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:

    in antiquius citeriusve,

    Vell. 1, 17, 2:

    citeriore die (opp. longiore),

    Dig. 23, 4, 15.—
    C.
    In measure or degree, small, little:

    citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,

    Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:

    citerius debito resistere,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—
    III.
    Hence,
    A.
    cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).
    1.
    Prop.
    (α).
    Adv.:

    (dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,

    neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:

    ultra citraque pervolare,

    Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

    citra est Oglasa,

    id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:

    citra fuere margines,

    id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

    is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,

    citra Veliam,

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    citra mare,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:

    mare citra,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 31:

    citra flumen intercepti,

    Liv. 21, 48, 6:

    citra Tauri juga,

    id. 38, 48, 1 al. —

    With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

    ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—
    2.
    (Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.
    (α).
    Adv.:

    non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,

    not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:

    paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,

    Liv. 10, 25, 4:

    citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:

    citra exsultare,

    id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,

    before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:

    cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,

    Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—
    b.
    Trop.
    (α).
    Adv. of measure:

    neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:

    culta citra quam debuit illa,

    id. P. 1, 7, 55.—
    (β).
    With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;

    Nec virtus citra genus est,

    is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:

    glans cum citra satietatem data est,

    not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,

    fatigationem,

    Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

    scelus,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:

    citra necem tua constitit ira,

    id. ib. 2, 127:

    usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,

    Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —
    c.
    In time (with acc. rare;

    perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,

    Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:

    Trojana tempora,

    Ov. M. 8, 365:

    juventam,

    id. ib. 10, 84:

    temporis finem,

    Dig. 49, 16, 15.—
    3.
    Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:

    citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,

    Col. 2, 2, 20:

    plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,

    Quint. 12, 6, 4:

    Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,

    id. 12, 10, 9:

    vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,

    id. 12, 2, 1; so,

    accusationem,

    id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:

    tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,

    id. 2, 16, 13:

    citra invidiam,

    Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:

    citra ullum aliud incommodum,

    id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

    citra dolorem,

    id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:

    morsum,

    Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

    vulnus,

    id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:

    citra fidem,

    Tac. Agr. 1:

    citra speciem aut delectationem,

    id. G. 16:

    citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,

    Suet. Caes. 28:

    commoda emeritorum,

    id. Aug. 24:

    spem omnium fortuna cessit,

    Flor. 3, 1, 2:

    etiam citra spectaculorum dies,

    i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:

    citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,

    excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—
    B.
    cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):

    ultro ac citro commeare,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:

    sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:

    qui ultro citroque navigarent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

    cursare ultro et citro,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):

    bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:

    cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:

    multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:

    beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,

    Liv. 44, 23, 2:

    datā ultro citroque fide,

    id. 29, 23, 5:

    inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

    Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:

    ultro citroque versus,

    Amm. 30, 3, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > citer

  • 9 φοιτάω

    φοιτ-άω, Il.2.779, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [suff] φοιτ-έω Hdt.1.37, 7.126 (also late,
    A

    ἐπεφοίτεε Nonn.D.1.321

    ); [dialect] Dor. inf.

    φοιτῆν Bion Fr.2

    ; [tense] impf.[dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.

    ἐφοίτη Theoc.2.155

    ; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3 dual

    φοιτήτην Il.12.266

    ; [dialect] Ion.

    φοίτεσκον Asius 13.1

    : [dialect] Aeol. [tense] aor. subj. [ per.] 2sg.

    - άσῃς Sapph.68

    :—go to and fro, backwards and forwards, and generally, with notion of repeated motion, stalk;

    ἀν' ὅμιλον ἐφοίτα θηρὶ ἐοικώς Il.3.449

    , cf. 13.760;

    φοίτα δ' ἄλλοτε μὲν πρόσθ' Ἕκτορος, ἄλλοτ' ὄπισθε 5.595

    ;

    φοίτων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα κατὰ στρατόν 2.779

    ;

    ἐφοίτων ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος Od.9.401

    ., cf.10.119;

    πάντῃ φοιτήσασα Il.20.6

    ;

    φοίτα μακρὰ βιβάς 15.686

    , cf. Od.11.539; διὰ νηὸς φ. keep going from one part to another, 12.420;

    ἀφάνης κἀν Ἀΐδα δόμῳ φοιτάσῃς Sapph.

     l.c.; of birds on the wing, Od.2.182, E.Hipp. 1059, Ion 154 (lyr.); of horses going to feed, Hdt.1.78; of hounds casting about for the scent, X.Cyn.4.4, 6.19; φοιτᾷς ὑπερπόντιος ἔν τ' ἀγρονόμοις αὐλαῖς, of love frequenting both sea and land, S.Ant. 785 (lyr.), cf. E.Hipp. 447; of young men strutting about to show their persons,

    λαμπροί τ' ἐν ἥβῃ καὶ πόλεως ἀγάλματα φοιτῶσ' Id.Fr. 282.11

    .
    2 roam wildly about, Il.24.533;

    οἱ δὲ μεγάλα στενάχοντες φοίτων Od.14.355

    ;

    φοιτῶν μανιάσιν νόσοις S.Aj.59

    , cf. OT 476 (lyr.), 1255: hence, roam about in frenzy or ecstacy, ἐς Διόνυσον, of a Bacchant, AP6.172.
    4 resort to a person as a friend, φ. παρά τινα visit him, Pl.Phd. 59d, Euthd. 295d, La. 181c, etc.; παρ' ἡμᾶς

    φ. ὡς παρὰ φίλους Id.R. 328d

    ;

    πρὸς τὴν συνουσίαν τινός Id.Lg. 624a

    ;

    σφιν ἑκατέρωσε Id.Grg. 523b

    .
    b resort to a person or place for any purpose,

    ἐφοίτων παρὰ τὸν Δηϊόκεα.. δικασόμενοι Hdt.1.96

    ;

    παρά τινα φ. ἐς λόγους Id.7.103

    ; φ. ἔς τε πολέμους καὶ ἐς ἄγρας, ἔς τε ἀγορὴν καὶ ἐξ ἀγορῆς, Id.1.37;

    ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια Id.6.125

    ;

    εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἑκάστης ἡμέρας Pl.Lg. 794b

    ; φ. πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, of embassies from the subject states, Th.1.95; φοιτᾶν ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας τινός frequent, wait at a great man's door, Hdt.3.119, X.Cyr.8.1.8, HG.1.6.10; later,

    φ. ἐπὶ θύρας Plu.Aem.10

    , Luc.DMort.9.2, etc.;

    ἐπὶ θύραις Plu.Cat. Mi.21

     (s. v. l.);

    ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμὴν οἰκίαν Lys.3.29

    , cf. Aeschin.1.58;

    εἰς τὸ ἱερόν IG7.235.2

     (Oropus, iv B. C.); also

    φ. εἰς συσσίτια Pl.R. 416e

    ;

    ἄκλητος φοιτᾷς ἐπὶ δεῖπνον Cratin.45

     (anap.), cf. Eup.162 (lyr.);

    εἰς καπήλου φ. Plu.2.643c

    ;

    εἰς Ἱπποθωντίδ' ἐφοίτα φυλὴν χορεύσων D.39.23

    ; of a company of actors,

    φ. τισι εἰς τὴν πόλιν Pl.Lg. 817a

    .: abs., of a suitor,

    φοιτῶν ἐναργὴς ταῦρος, ἄλλοτ' αἰόλος δράκων.. ἄλλοτ' ἀνδρείῳ κύτει βούπρῳρος S.Tr.11

    .
    5 resort to a person as a teacher,

    παρά σε ταῦτα μαθησόμενος Id.Smp. 206b

    ; παῖς ὢν ἐφοίτας ἐς τίνος διδασκάλου (sc. οἶκον); Ar.Eq. 1235, cf. Pl.Prt. 326c, Alc.1.109d;

    τῶν διδασκάλων ὅποι ἐφοιτῶμεν Is.9.28

    ;

    εἰς τὰ διδασκαλεῖα φ. X.Cyr.1.2.6

    ;

    εἰς παλαίστραν Pl.Grg. 456d

    ;

    πρὸς τὰς τοῦ γραμματιστοῦ θύρας Id.Erx. 398e

    : later, c. dat.,

    τοῖς μάγοις Philostr. VA1.26

    ;

    διδασκάλοις Jul.Or.7.219c

    : abs., go to school, Ar.Nu. 916, 938 (anap.);

    ἐδίδασκες γράμματα, ἐγὼ δ' ἐφοίτων D.18.265

    : οἱ φοιτῶντες the schoolboys, Pl.Lg. 804d, Isoc.15.183.
    6 of a physician, practise, Hp. Lex4.
    II of things, esp. of objects of commerce, to come in constantly or regularly, be imported, ἐξ ἐσχάτης (sc. Εὐρώπης)

    ὅ τε κασσίτερος ἡμῖν φοιτᾷ καὶ τὸ ἤλεκτρον Hdt.3.115

    ; κέρεα τὰ ἐς Ἔλληνας φοιτέοντα which are imported into Greece, Id.7.126; σῖτος δέ σφι πολλὸς ἐφοίτα corn came in to them in plenty, ib.23, cf. Lys. 32.15, X.HG1.1.35; come in, of tribute or taxes,

    τάλαντον ἀργυρίου Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ἡμέρης ἑκάστης ἐφοίτα Hdt.5.17

    , cf. 3.90: generally,

    ἀκάμας χρόνος.. ἀενάῳ ῥεύματι φ. E.Fr.594.2

     (anap.);

    ᾧ μία τις πήρα, μία διπλοΐς, εἷς ἅμ' ἐφοίτασκίπων

     travelled,

    AP7.65

     (Antip.); of reports,

    λόγος ἐφοίτα

     was current,

    Plu.Fab.21

    ;

    τὸ Σερτωρίου κλέος ἐφοίτα πανταχόσε Id.Sert.23

    ;

    ἀρεταὶ πάντῃ φ. διὰ τῆς φήμης D.S.10.12

    ; of fits of pain,

    ἥδε [νόσος] ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ, ἀπέρχεται S.Ph. 808

    , cf. Hes. Op. 103; of the καταμήνια, Arist.HA 582b4, GA 727b27; of recurrent καθάρσεις, Id.HA 583a26; τὰ οὖρα καθαρὰ ἐφοίτα came clear, Hp. Epid.7.115;

    ἄνω φοιτᾷ ἡ ὀδύνη Id.Mul.1.63

    ; of recurrent phenomena, such as rain, snow, hail, Arist.Mete. 347b12, Pr. 931a38.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φοιτάω

  • 10 reciprocō

        reciprocō āvī, ātus, ārr    [reciprocus], to move back, turn back, reverse the motion of: animam, to fetch breath, L.: alquid in motu identidem reciprocando constantius, i. e. in its alternation of currents: quinqueremem in adversum aestum reciprocari non posse, to tack about, L.: reciprocari coepit mare, to flow back, Cu.— To come and go, reciprocate: fretum temporibus statis reciprocat, rises and falls, L.—Fig., of a proposition, to reverse, convert.
    * * *
    reciprocare, reciprocavi, reciprocatus V INTRANS
    move backwards and forwards; (w/animam) to breathe

    Latin-English dictionary > reciprocō

  • 11 rodar

    v.
    1 to roll.
    Los panes rodaron por el suelo The bread rolled on the ground.
    Ellos rodaron los autos They rolled the cars.
    2 to travel, to go.
    rodaban a más de 180 km/h they were doing more than 180 km/h
    3 to turn.
    4 to tumble.
    rodó escaleras abajo he tumbled down the stairs
    5 to go around (ir de un lado a otro).
    ha rodado por todo el mundo he's been all over the world
    6 to shoot (Cine).
    ¡silencio, se rueda! we're rolling!
    7 to run in (automobile).
    8 to film, to shoot.
    Ellos rodaron una película They filmed a movie.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ CONTAR], like link=contar contar
    1 (dar vueltas) to roll; (rueda) to turn
    2 (caer rodando) to roll down; (de escaleras) to fall down
    3 figurado (ir de un lado a otro) to roam, wander, drift
    4 figurado (estar diseminado) to be scattered around
    5 (vehículos) to run; (velocidad) to do
    2 CINEMATOGRAFÍA to film, shoot
    3 AUTOMÓVIL to run in
    4 (recorrer) to travel
    \
    echarlo todo a rodar (estropearlo) to ruin everything 2 (desistir) to throw it all up
    * * *
    verb
    2) film, shoot
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=dar vueltas) [pelota] to roll; [rueda] to go round, turn

    rodó escaleras abajo — he fell o rolled downstairs

    rodar de suelo — (Aer) to taxi

    2) * (=deambular)

    tienen al niño rodando de guardería en guardería — they keep moving o shifting the kid about from nursery to nursery

    3) (Cine) to shoot, film
    4) * (=existir todavía) to be still going, still exist
    5) Méx, Arg [caballo] to stumble, fall forwards
    2. VT
    1) [+ vehículo] to wheel, wheel along; [+ coche nuevo] to run in
    2) (=hacer rodar) [+ objeto] to roll, roll along
    3) (Cine) to shoot, film
    4) (Inform) [+ programa] to run
    5) Caribe (=agarrar) to seize; (=encarcelar) to imprison
    6) LAm

    rodar (a patadas) — to knock over, kick over

    7) LAm [+ ganado] to round up
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) moneda/pelota to roll; rueda to go round, turn

    mandarlo todo a rodar — (fam) to pack o (BrE) chuck it all in (colloq)

    rodar bien/mal — to go well o smoothly/badly

    2) automóvil/moto

    los ciclistas ruedan a gran velocidad — (period) the cyclists are going at great speed

    3) (Cin) to film, shoot
    2.
    rodar vt
    1) (Cin) to shoot, film
    2) < coche nuevo> to run in
    3.
    rodarse v pron (Andes)

    se rodó el tornillo — I/you/he stripped the thread on the screw

    * * *
    = roll, coast, freewheel.
    Nota: Generalmente en bicicleta sin pedalear o automóvil sin en el motor en marcha.
    Ex. The film-strip may roll sideways a little as a canister is removed if they are housed on flat shelves.
    Ex. Pushing our bicycles up a very steep hill one sunny morning, two men on bicycles coasted down the hill and passed us.
    Ex. His vehicle freewheeled backwards down a hill and collided with another vehicle heading up the hill.
    ----
    * cabeza + rodar = head + roll.
    * cámara de rodar películas = movie camera.
    * echar la bola a rodar = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling.
    * echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.
    * mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.
    * rodar en el estudio = film in + the studio.
    * rodar en exteriores = film on + location.
    * rodar sobre = roll over.
    * rodar un documental = shoot + documentary.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) moneda/pelota to roll; rueda to go round, turn

    mandarlo todo a rodar — (fam) to pack o (BrE) chuck it all in (colloq)

    rodar bien/mal — to go well o smoothly/badly

    2) automóvil/moto

    los ciclistas ruedan a gran velocidad — (period) the cyclists are going at great speed

    3) (Cin) to film, shoot
    2.
    rodar vt
    1) (Cin) to shoot, film
    2) < coche nuevo> to run in
    3.
    rodarse v pron (Andes)

    se rodó el tornillo — I/you/he stripped the thread on the screw

    * * *
    = roll, coast, freewheel.
    Nota: Generalmente en bicicleta sin pedalear o automóvil sin en el motor en marcha.

    Ex: The film-strip may roll sideways a little as a canister is removed if they are housed on flat shelves.

    Ex: Pushing our bicycles up a very steep hill one sunny morning, two men on bicycles coasted down the hill and passed us.
    Ex: His vehicle freewheeled backwards down a hill and collided with another vehicle heading up the hill.
    * cabeza + rodar = head + roll.
    * cámara de rodar películas = movie camera.
    * echar la bola a rodar = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling.
    * echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.
    * mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.
    * rodar en el estudio = film in + the studio.
    * rodar en exteriores = film on + location.
    * rodar sobre = roll over.
    * rodar un documental = shoot + documentary.

    * * *
    rodar [ A10 ]
    vi
    A
    1 (girar, dar vueltas) «moneda/pelota» to roll; «rueda» to go round, turn
    rodó escaleras abajo she went tumbling o she fell down the stairs
    el barril salió rodando cuesta abajo the barrel rolled off o rolled away down the slope
    una botella rodaba por la cubierta a bottle was rolling around (on) the deck
    el jinete/caballo rodó por tierra the jockey/horse fell and went tumbling o rolling along
    me tuvieron todo el día rodando de una oficina a la otra I spent all day traipsing o being sent from one office to another
    echar algo a rodar to set sth in motion
    mandarlo todo a rodar ( fam); to pack o ( BrE) chuck it all in ( colloq)
    rodar bien/mal to go well o smoothly/badly
    las cosas le están rodando mal últimamente things have been going badly for him recently
    según cómo nos rueden las cosas depending on how things work out o go
    2 ( fam)
    «papeles/juguetes»: unos papeles rodaban por allí there were some papers lying around
    siempre deja los juguetes rodando por ahí he always leaves his toys lying o scattered around the place
    B
    «automóvil/moto»: el coche casi no ha rodado the car has hardly been used o has hardly done any mileage
    los ciclistas ruedan a más de 100 kilómetros por hora ( period); the cyclists are going o traveling at over 100 kilometers an hour
    C ( Cin) to film, shoot
    ¡silencio! ¡se rueda! quiet everybody! action!
    ■ rodar
    vt
    A ( Cin) to shoot, film
    una escena rodada en exteriores a scene shot o filmed on location
    B
    1 ‹vehículo› to drive
    2 ‹coche nuevo› to break in ( AmE), run in ( BrE)
    ( Andes): se rodó el tornillo I/you/he stripped the thread on the screw
    * * *

     

    rodar ( conjugate rodar) verbo intransitivo
    1 [moneda/pelota] to roll;
    [ rueda] to go round, turn;

    rodó escaleras abajo she went tumbling down the stairs
    2 (Cin) to film, shoot;
    ◊ ¡se rueda! action!

    verbo transitivo (Cin) to shoot, film
    rodar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una película) to film, shoot: están rodando un documental sobre Cuba, they're shooting a documentary on Cuba
    2 (un vehículo) to run in
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 to roll
    rodar por la escalera, to fall o tumble downstairs
    2 (sobre ruedas) to go
    3 (alrededor de un eje) to turn
    4 (de un sitio a otro) to go around
    ' rodar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cabeza
    - exterior
    English:
    film
    - make
    - retake
    - roll
    - roll about
    - roll around
    - run in
    - send
    - shoot
    - taxi
    - trundle
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [deslizarse] to roll;
    la moneda rodó y se metió debajo de la cama the coin rolled under the bed
    2. [circular] to travel, to go;
    rodaban a más de 180 km/h they were doing more than 180 km/h
    3. [girar] to turn
    4. [caer] to tumble ( por down);
    rodó escaleras abajo she tumbled down the stairs;
    Fam
    echar algo a rodar [malograr] to ruin sth
    5. [ir de un lado a otro] to go around;
    ha rodado por todo el mundo he's been all over the world
    6. Cine to shoot;
    ¡silencio, se rueda! we're rolling!
    ♦ vt
    1. [hacer girar] to roll
    2. Cine to shoot;
    rodó varias comedias he filmed several comedies
    3. [automóvil] Br to run in, US to break in
    4. [avión] to taxi
    * * *
    I v/i
    1 de pelota roll;
    rodarán cabezas fig heads will roll;
    echarlo todo a rodar fig pack it all in
    2 de coche go, travel (a at)
    3 sin rumbo fijo wander
    II v/t
    1 película shoot, film
    2 AUTO break in, Br
    run in
    * * *
    rodar {19} vi
    1) : to roll, to roll down, to roll along
    rodé por la escalera: I tumbled down the stairs
    todo rodaba bien: everthing was going along well
    2) girar: to turn, to go around
    3) : to move about, to travel
    andábamos rodando por todas partes: we drifted along from place to place
    rodar vt
    1) : to film, to shoot
    2) : to break in (a new vehicle)
    * * *
    rodar vb
    1. (en general) to roll
    2. (filmar) to film

    Spanish-English dictionary > rodar

  • 12 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 13 Menzies, Michael

    [br]
    b. end of the seventeenth century Lanarkshire, Scotland (?)
    d. 13 December 1766 Edinburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish inventor and lawyer.
    [br]
    Menzies was admitted as a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 31 January 1719. It is evident from his applications for patents that he was more concerned with inventions than the law, however. He took out his first patent in 1734 for a threshing machine in which a number of flails were attached to a horizontal axis, which was moved rapidly forwards and backwards through half a revolution, essentially imitating the action of an ordinary flail. The grain to be threshed was placed on either side.
    Though not a practical success, Menzies's invention seems to have been the first for the mechanical threshing of grain. His idea of imitating non-mechanized action also influenced his invention of a coal cutter, for which he took out a patent in 1761 and which copied miners' tools for obtaining coal. He proposed to carry heavy chains down the pit so that they could be used to give motion to iron picks, saws or other chains with cutting implements. The chains could be set into motion by a steam-engine, by water-or windmills, or by horses gins. Although it is quite obvious that this apparatus could not work, Menzies was the first to have thought of mechanizing coal production in the style that was in use in the late twentieth century. Subsequent to Menzies's proposal, many inventors at varying intervals followed this direction until the problem was finally solved one century later by, among others, W.E. Garforth.
    Menzies had successfully used the power of a steam-engine on the Wear eight years beforehand, when he obtained a patent for raising coal. According to his device a descending bucket filled with water raised a basket of coals, while a steam-engine pumped the water back to the surface; the balance-tub system, in various forms, quickly spread to other coalfields. Menzies's patent from 1750 for improved methods of carrying the coals from the coalface to the pit-shaft had also been of considerable influence: this device employed self-acting inclined planes, whereon the descending loaded wagons hauled up the empty ones.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    The article entitled "Michael Menzies" in the Dictionary of National Biography neglects Menzies's inventions for mining. A comprehensive evaluation of his influence on coal cutting is given in the introductory chapter of S.F.Walker, 1902, Coal-Cutting by
    Machinery, London.
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Menzies, Michael

  • 14 κωπηλατέω

    A pull an oar, row, opp. κυβερνῆσαι, Arist.Rh.Al. 1435a28, cf. Plb.1.2.1, etc.
    2 metaph., of any similar motion forwards and backwards, as of a carpenter using an auger,

    τρύπανον κ. E.Cyc. 461

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κωπηλατέω

  • 15 περίστασις

    A standing round, τίς ἥδε κραυγὴ καὶ δόμων π.; crowds standing round the house, Telecl.35 ; π. ποιεῖσθαι, of crowds, Thphr.Char.8.12(pl.); ὄχλοιο π. Timo 34.1 : hence, in concretesense, crowd standing round, Plb.1.32.3, 18.53.11.
    2 surrounding, ἡ τοῦ ψυχροῦ π. Arist.Pr. 869a21 : in concrete sense, environment,

    π. ἀέρος ψυχροῦ Epicur.Ep.2p.50U.

    , cf. p.48 U.; surrounding space, Plb.6.31.1, 6.41.2 ; esp. free space round a building, OGI483.123, al. (Pergam., ii A. D.), IG14.352i8, 70 ([place name] Halaesa).
    b portico surrounding a hall or temple, ib.42(1).102.6 (Epid., iv B. C.), Callix.1 ;

    ἡ ἔξω π. τοῦ σηκοῦ IG7.3073.90

    (Lebad.).
    c district surrounding a village, neighbourhood, PTeb.14.19 (ii B. C.), al.
    II circumstances, situation, state of affairs, Plb.1.35.10, 4.67.4, etc.;

    αἱ π. [τῶν πόλεων] Id.10.21.3

     ; τὸ παράδοξον τῆς π. Posidon.36 J.; π. nostra, the position of my affairs, Cic.Att.4.8b.2 ; the actuality,

    μέζων τῆς π. ἡ φαντασίη Aret.SD2.9

     ; τὰ κατὰ περίστασιν καθήκοντα duties dependent on circumstances, Stoic.3.135, al., cf. Cic.Att.16.11.4, Phld.Rh.1.219 S. (pl.): sg. of a particular circumstance, Ael.Tact.35.1, A.D.Synt.145.4, etc.;

    κατά τινα π. γραμμάτων Gal.11.242

    .
    b esp. difficult position, crisis (both senses distd. in Arr.Epict.2.6.17, M.Ant.9.13);

    δὸς π. καὶ λάβε τὸν ἄνδρα Stoic.3.49

     ; κατὰ τὰς π. in critical times, Plb.1.82.7, cf. 4.33.12, etc.; διὰ τὰς τῶν καιρῶν π. SIG731.2 (Tomi, i B. C.);

    εἰς πᾶν ἐλθεῖν περιστάσεως Plb.4.45.10

    , cf. 1.84.9, etc.; χαλεπὴ π. LXX 2 Ma.4.16, cf. Dsc.Alex.Praef.; μετὰ τὴν κατασχοῦσαν τὴν πόλιν π. SIG708.7 (Istropolis, ii B. C.), cf. IG22.1338.27, Orph.Fr.285.63 ;

    ἐν π. ἰσχυρᾷ τῶν ἔξωθεν Porph.Abst.1.55

    .
    2 Rhet., circumstances of the case treated by a speaker, Quint. Inst.3.5.18, 5.10.104, Corn.Rh.p.362 H.; classified by Hermog.Inv. 3.5.
    3 outward pomp and circumstance, ἡ τοῦ βίου π. Plb.3.98.2, cf. 31.26.3 ; τρυφὴ καὶ π. Antig.Car. ap. Ath.12.547f; ὑπάρχων ἐν μεγάλῃ π. Phld.Acad.Ind.p.101 M.
    4 in Meteorology, of climatic conditions, ἡ κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα π. Plb.3.84.2 ; λοιμικαὶ π. pestilential conditions, Id.6.5.5, cf. SIG731.7 (Tomi, i B. C.); καυματώδης π. D.S.4.22.
    b Astron., position of the heavenly bodies, ἐκλειπτικὴ π. Sch.Arat. 862.
    III veering round, of winds, Arist.Mete. 364b14, Pr. 942b27.
    3 direction of motion, αἱ ἓξ π., i. e. up, down, forwards, backwards, right, left, Nicom.Ar.2.6, 16.
    4 materials for use, PFlor.369.2 (ii A. D.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περίστασις

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