Vestālis

* * *

Vesta, ae, f. [Sanscr. root vas, to burn; vasaras, day; whence also Gr. Estia].

Another name for Ops, Cybele, Terra, the wife of Cœlus and mother of Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; Ov. F. 6, 267.—

Her granddaughter, daughter of Saturn, the goddess of flocks and herds, and of the household in general, Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Leg. 2, 12, 29; id. Div. 1, 45, 101; id. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. de Or. 3, 3, 10;

in her temple the holy fire burned perpetually, attended by the Vestal virgins,

id. Leg. 2, 8, 20; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18; Liv. 28, 11; 4, 52: Vestae sacerdos, i. e. the Pontifex maximus, of Cœsar, Ov. F. 5, 573; id. M. 15, 778.—

Poet., transf.

The temple of Vesta: quo tempore Vesta Arsit [p. 1981] Ov. F. 6, 437; cf. id. ib. 6, 234; 6, 713.—

Fire:

ter liquido ardentem perfudit nectare Vestam,

Verg. G. 4, 384; Sil. 6, 76.— Hence, Vestālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Vesta, Vestal:

festi,

Ov. F. 6, 395:

ara,

Luc. 1, 549:

foci,

id. 1, 199:

virgines,

priestesses of Vesta, Vestal virgins, Vestals, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; id. Rep. 2, 14, 26; 3, 10, 17; Liv. 4, 44 fin.—Sing., Gell. 1, 12, 9:

sacerdos,

id. 1, 12, 14 al. —

Ve-stālis, is, f. (virgo), a priestess of Vesta, a Vestal, Liv. 1, 3 sq.; Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39; Ov. F. 2, 383 al.—Hence, as adj.:

Vestales oculi,

of the Vestals, Ov. Tr. 2, 311.—

Ve-stālĭa, ĭum, n., the festival of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 17.

* * *

in-testātus, a, um, adj.

That has made no will, intestate:

si intestata esset mortua,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 53: cives, Trajan. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 88:

ad cenam si intestatus eas,

Juv. 3, 274:

senectus,

id. 1, 144:

mori,

Dig. 25, 4, 4; cf. ib. 50, 16, 64.—

Not convicted by witnesses:

indemnatus atque intestatus,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 17; so id. ib. 5, 2, 24.—

Not trustworthy: servus, Pompon. ap. Non. 323, 28.— Hence,

Subst.: intestātus, i, m.; intestā-ta, ae, f., one who has not made a will: virgo vestalis neque heres est cuiquam intestato neque intestatae quisquam, Lab. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 18.— Plur., Gai. 3, 1 sqq.; Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 16, 3; 1 sq.—

As adv.: intestātō or ab intestātō, without a will, intestate:

paterfamilias cum mortuus esset intestato,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183; id. Inv. 2, 50, 148:

ab intestato heres,

Dig. 37, 7, 1, § 8; 5, 2, 6, § 1; 29, 2, 93 al.

in-testātus, a, um, [2. testis], emasculated:

si intestatus non abeo hinc,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 23.

hēres ( ēres, Inscr. Orell. 188 al.), ēdis (archaic acc. sing. herem, Naev. ap. Non. 486, 33; Inscr. Orell. 4379; cf. the art. ‡ herem), comm. [Sanscr. har-āmi, seize; har-anam, hand; Gr. cheir, cherês; cf. erus], an heir, heiress.

Lit.:

testamento facto mulier moritur: facit heredem ex deunce et semuncia Caecinam, ex duabus sextulis M. Fulcinium,

Cic. Caecin. 6, 17; cf.:

me nemo nisi amicus fecit heredem, etc.... aliquem palam heredem factitare,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41:

mulier testamento fecit heredem filiam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111; id. Mil. 18, 48; cf. id. Rep. 3, 10, 17; Ov. H. 9, 110; Dig. 37, 7, 2; 37, 7, 9;

Ven. Fort. Carm. 8, 6, 44: in testamento Ptolemaei patris heredes erant scripti ex duobus filiis major, et ex duabus ea, quae aetate antecedebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 108, 3:

scripserunt heredes secum M. Crassum et Q. Hortensium,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 73:

aliquem heredem testamento relinquere,

id. Quint. 4, 14:

relictus ab eo in amplis opibus heres,

Plin. 9, 35, 59, § 122:

aliquem heredem instituere,

Cic. Clu. 7, 22; Quint. 8, 5, 17; cf.:

per leges institui uxor non poterat heres,

id. 9, 2, 74:

instituto herede abdicato,

id. 3, 6, 97:

substitutus heres erat,

id. 7, 6, 10: virgo Vestalis neque heres est cuiquam, etc., Labeo ap. Gell. 1, 12, 18:

substituere heredem,

Dig. 28, 6, 1:

heres ex parte dimidia et tertia est Capito: in sextante sunt ii, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2:

ex asse heres,

sole heir, Quint. 7, 1, 20; so,

heres ex parte sexta,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 6:

ex dodrante,

Suet. Caes. 83:

(L. Mescinius) heres est M. Mindio fratri suo,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2; so,

cur virgini Vestali sit heres, non sit matri suae?

id. Rep. 3, 10; cf.:

quem suis bonis heredem esse cupiebat,

id. Caecin. 4, 12; and: atque meis bonis omnibus ego te herem faciam, Naev. ap. Non. 486, 33;

for which: quem quis heredem suum esse voluit,

Quint. 5, 10, 74:

repentinus heres,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 62:

liberti heredem sequantur,

Quint. 7, 7, 9;

so the formula frequently occurring on inscriptions: HIC LOCVS, HOC MONVMENTVM HEREDEM NON SEQVITVR, USU. abbreviated H. L. or H. M. H. N. S.,

Inscr. Orell. 4379; 3926; 4455; 575; 2807; 4182; cf.

opp.: HOC MONVMENTVM HEREDEM SEQVITVR,

Inscr. Orell. 4397: heres secundus, the second heir, next heir, when the first dies: qui me secundum heredem instituerit. Cic. Fam. 13, 61, 1; cf.:

possessio heredum secundorum,

id. Inv. 2, 21, 62:

secundus,

Quint. 8, 4, 11; Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416;

also used of a female: Marcus ait: Heres ipsius secundus, de muliere loquens,

Charis. p. 79 P.: heres necessarius, a slave made heir with a grant of freedom, and compelled to assume the liabilities of the estate, Just. Inst. 1, 6, 1 Sandars:

ideo sic appellatus, quia, sive velit sive nolit, omnimodo post mortem testatoris protinus liber et heres est,

Gai. Inst. 2, 153: heres suus et necessarius, a natural heir who was in the potestas of the deceased, id. ib. 2, § 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1;

opp.: heres extraneus,

Gai. Inst. 2, § 161.— Poet.:

tanti certaminis (i. e. armorum Achillis),

Ov. M. 13, 129.—

Transf.

Owner, possessor, master (ante-class.): heres apud antiquos pro domino ponebatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 99 Müll.; cf. Just. Inst. 2, 19 fin.:

apstuli hanc, quojus heres numquam erit post hunc diem,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 12; cf. v. 28.—

A successor, after-growth ( poet.):

nec ullum caput est impune recisum, quin gemino cervix herede valentior esset,

of the heads of the Lernean Hydra, Ov. M. 9, 74; cf.:

alni caesae densius innumero herede prosunt,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173. —

Trop. (very rare):

illa vetus Academia atque ejus heres Aristus,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.

artis,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 24:

laudis,

Ov. H. 9, 110:

fraudis,

id. ib. 2, 78: criminis. id. A. A. 3, 459.

in-testātus, a, um, adj.

That has made no will, intestate:

si intestata esset mortua,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 53: cives, Trajan. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 88:

ad cenam si intestatus eas,

Juv. 3, 274:

senectus,

id. 1, 144:

mori,

Dig. 25, 4, 4; cf. ib. 50, 16, 64.—

Not convicted by witnesses:

indemnatus atque intestatus,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 17; so id. ib. 5, 2, 24.—

Not trustworthy: servus, Pompon. ap. Non. 323, 28.— Hence,

Subst.: intestātus, i, m.; intestā-ta, ae, f., one who has not made a will: virgo vestalis neque heres est cuiquam intestato neque intestatae quisquam, Lab. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 18.— Plur., Gai. 3, 1 sqq.; Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 16, 3; 1 sq.—

As adv.: intestātō or ab intestātō, without a will, intestate:

paterfamilias cum mortuus esset intestato,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183; id. Inv. 2, 50, 148:

ab intestato heres,

Dig. 37, 7, 1, § 8; 5, 2, 6, § 1; 29, 2, 93 al.

in-testātus, a, um, [2. testis], emasculated:

si intestatus non abeo hinc,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 23.

in-testātus, a, um, adj.

That has made no will, intestate:

si intestata esset mortua,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 53: cives, Trajan. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 88:

ad cenam si intestatus eas,

Juv. 3, 274:

senectus,

id. 1, 144:

mori,

Dig. 25, 4, 4; cf. ib. 50, 16, 64.—

Not convicted by witnesses:

indemnatus atque intestatus,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 17; so id. ib. 5, 2, 24.—

Not trustworthy: servus, Pompon. ap. Non. 323, 28.— Hence,

Subst.: intestātus, i, m.; intestā-ta, ae, f., one who has not made a will: virgo vestalis neque heres est cuiquam intestato neque intestatae quisquam, Lab. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 18.— Plur., Gai. 3, 1 sqq.; Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 16, 3; 1 sq.—

As adv.: intestātō or ab intestātō, without a will, intestate:

paterfamilias cum mortuus esset intestato,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183; id. Inv. 2, 50, 148:

ab intestato heres,

Dig. 37, 7, 1, § 8; 5, 2, 6, § 1; 29, 2, 93 al.

in-testātus, a, um, [2. testis], emasculated:

si intestatus non abeo hinc,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 23.

nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.

Lit.:

necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

necessaria conclusio,

id. Top. 16, 60:

leges fatales et necessariae,

id. Univ. 12:

omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

castra ponere necessarium visum est,

Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

necessariā re coactus,

by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

cum longius necessario procederent,

farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

res magis necessariae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

res maxime necessaria,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

necessarior medela,

Tert. Patient. 11:

necessarior sententia,

id. Test. Anim. 4:

necessariores operas,

id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

aliquid necessarius,

id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

Curt. 5, 12, 6:

plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—

In partic.:

necessariae partes,

the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—

Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.

Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

homo,

of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—

Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

id. Mur. 35, 73:

Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.

nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

necessarie demonstrari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

comparato cibo,

Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—

nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

necessario reviviscere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

quibuscum vivo necessario,

id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

copias parat,

Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.

Lit.:

necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

necessaria conclusio,

id. Top. 16, 60:

leges fatales et necessariae,

id. Univ. 12:

omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

castra ponere necessarium visum est,

Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

necessariā re coactus,

by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

cum longius necessario procederent,

farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

res magis necessariae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

res maxime necessaria,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

necessarior medela,

Tert. Patient. 11:

necessarior sententia,

id. Test. Anim. 4:

necessariores operas,

id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

aliquid necessarius,

id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

Curt. 5, 12, 6:

plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—

In partic.:

necessariae partes,

the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—

Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.

Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

homo,

of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—

Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

id. Mur. 35, 73:

Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.

nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

necessarie demonstrari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

comparato cibo,

Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—

nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

necessario reviviscere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

quibuscum vivo necessario,

id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

copias parat,

Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

prŏbrum, i, n. [cf. Gr. propherein, to reproach; and opprobrium], a shameful or disgraceful act (class.; syn.: dedecus, flagitium).

Lit.

In gen.: qui, nisi probrum, omnia alia indelicta aestimant, Att. ap. Fest. p. 229 Müll.:

flagitium probrumque magnum expergefacis,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 42:

ignaviae luxuriaeque probra,

Sall. J. 44, 5:

emergere ex paternis probris ac vitiis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162.—

In partic., unchaste or immodest conduct, lewdness, unchastity, adultery:

Alcumenam insontem probri Amphitruo accusat,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 9:

exsequi,

id. Truc. 2, 5, 8:

vitii probrique plena,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 13:

probri insimulasti pudicissimam feminam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99; Ov. M. 10, 695:

probri suspicio,

Suet. Caes. 43; cf.:

aliquam habere cum summo probro,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 10; Liv. 25, 3; Tac. A. 3, 56:

probrum virginis Vestalis ut capite puniretur,

Fest. p. 241 Müll.—

Transf., the disgrace arising from an infamous act, shame, reproach, disgrace, dishonor, infamy: ea tum compressa parit huic puerum, sibi probrum, Caecil. ap. Fest. p. 229 Müll.:

nemo id probro ducet Alcumenae,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 30:

ego jam tua probra aperibo omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 50:

in probro esse,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 6:

quem (Curium) censores senatu probri gratiā moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

vita rustica, quam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,

to be reproachful, shameful, Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:

postquam divitiae honori esse coeperunt, paupertas probro haberi,

Sall. C. 12, 1:

probrum castis, labem integris, infamiam bonis inferre,

Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

ut probrum objectare,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:

probrum atque dedecus,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

terras implere probris,

Ov. H. 17, 208:

luere sanguine probra,

id. Ib. 567.—

In partic., abuse, insult, reproachful language, a reproach, libel:

epistulae plenae omnium in me probrorum,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

aliquem probris maledictisque vexare,

id. Fl. 20, 48:

in isto tuo maledicto probrum mihi nullum objectas,

id. Dom. 29, 76:

probra dicere alicui,

Ov. A. A. 3, 49:

jactare in aliquem,

Liv. 29, 9:

ingerere probra,

id. 2, 45:

increpare multis ac servilibus probris,

Tac. A. 11, 37:

probra jacere,

id. H. 4, 45:

cumulare,

id. A. 1, 21:

aggerare,

id. ib. 13, 14:

componere,

id. ib. 16, 21:

probris lacessere,

Sen. Agam. 980:

probris omnibus contaminatus,

Suet. Vit. 4.

prŏpinquus, a, um, adj. [prope], near, neighboring (class.).

Lit., of place:

rus,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

loca,

Sall. J. 12, 2; 48, 4:

nimium propinquus Sol,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

propinquum praedium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

provinciae,

id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: insulae propinquae inter se, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 495, 33.—With gen.:

in propinquis urbis montibus,

Nep. Hann. 5, 1:

ex propinquis itineris locis,

Liv. 6, 25, 7 (al. itineri). — Comp.:

exsilium paulo propinquius,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 51.— Subst.: prŏpinquum, i, n., neighborhood, vicinity:

ex propinquo cognoscere,

from being in the neighborhood, Liv. 25, 13; 22, 33, 4; 44, 3, 8:

ex propinquo aspicio,

id. 28, 44:

consulis castra in propinquo sunt,

id. 24, 38 fin.; 25, 15, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, near, at hand, not far off:

propinqua partitudo,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 36:

reditus,

Cic. Att. 9, 15, 3:

mors, id. Div, 1, 30, 65: spes,

Liv. 28, 25: vespera, Tac. A. [p. 1470] 15, 60.—

Near in resemblance, resembling, similar, like:

motus finitimi et propinqui his animi perturbationibus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

significatio,

Gell. 6, 16, 11.—

Near in relationship or connection, kindred, related:

tibi genere propinqui,

Sall. J. 10, 3; Verg. A. 2, 86; Suet. Ner. 3.— Subst.: prŏpinquus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman (syn.:

affinis, agnatus): societas propinquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53:

tot propinqui cognatique,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

propinquus et amicus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

propinqui ceteri,

Sall. J. 14, 15:

aequabiliter in longinquos, in propinquos,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76; id. Fin. 5, 23, 67; id. Planc. 12, 29; Hor. S. 2, 3, 218; 1, 1, 83.—In fem.: prŏ-pinqua, ae, a female relative, kinswoman:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73.—Hence, adv.: prŏ-pinquē, near, at hand, hard by (ante- and post-class.):

adest propinque,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 18; 2, 7, 21; Front. Ep. ad Anton. 2, 2 Mai.

prŏpinquus, a, um, adj. [prope], near, neighboring (class.).

Lit., of place:

rus,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

loca,

Sall. J. 12, 2; 48, 4:

nimium propinquus Sol,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

propinquum praedium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

provinciae,

id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: insulae propinquae inter se, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 495, 33.—With gen.:

in propinquis urbis montibus,

Nep. Hann. 5, 1:

ex propinquis itineris locis,

Liv. 6, 25, 7 (al. itineri). — Comp.:

exsilium paulo propinquius,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 51.— Subst.: prŏpinquum, i, n., neighborhood, vicinity:

ex propinquo cognoscere,

from being in the neighborhood, Liv. 25, 13; 22, 33, 4; 44, 3, 8:

ex propinquo aspicio,

id. 28, 44:

consulis castra in propinquo sunt,

id. 24, 38 fin.; 25, 15, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, near, at hand, not far off:

propinqua partitudo,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 36:

reditus,

Cic. Att. 9, 15, 3:

mors, id. Div, 1, 30, 65: spes,

Liv. 28, 25: vespera, Tac. A. [p. 1470] 15, 60.—

Near in resemblance, resembling, similar, like:

motus finitimi et propinqui his animi perturbationibus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

significatio,

Gell. 6, 16, 11.—

Near in relationship or connection, kindred, related:

tibi genere propinqui,

Sall. J. 10, 3; Verg. A. 2, 86; Suet. Ner. 3.— Subst.: prŏpinquus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman (syn.:

affinis, agnatus): societas propinquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53:

tot propinqui cognatique,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

propinquus et amicus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

propinqui ceteri,

Sall. J. 14, 15:

aequabiliter in longinquos, in propinquos,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76; id. Fin. 5, 23, 67; id. Planc. 12, 29; Hor. S. 2, 3, 218; 1, 1, 83.—In fem.: prŏ-pinqua, ae, a female relative, kinswoman:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73.—Hence, adv.: prŏ-pinquē, near, at hand, hard by (ante- and post-class.):

adest propinque,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 18; 2, 7, 21; Front. Ep. ad Anton. 2, 2 Mai.

prŏpinquus, a, um, adj. [prope], near, neighboring (class.).

Lit., of place:

rus,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

loca,

Sall. J. 12, 2; 48, 4:

nimium propinquus Sol,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

propinquum praedium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

provinciae,

id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: insulae propinquae inter se, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 495, 33.—With gen.:

in propinquis urbis montibus,

Nep. Hann. 5, 1:

ex propinquis itineris locis,

Liv. 6, 25, 7 (al. itineri). — Comp.:

exsilium paulo propinquius,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 51.— Subst.: prŏpinquum, i, n., neighborhood, vicinity:

ex propinquo cognoscere,

from being in the neighborhood, Liv. 25, 13; 22, 33, 4; 44, 3, 8:

ex propinquo aspicio,

id. 28, 44:

consulis castra in propinquo sunt,

id. 24, 38 fin.; 25, 15, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, near, at hand, not far off:

propinqua partitudo,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 36:

reditus,

Cic. Att. 9, 15, 3:

mors, id. Div, 1, 30, 65: spes,

Liv. 28, 25: vespera, Tac. A. [p. 1470] 15, 60.—

Near in resemblance, resembling, similar, like:

motus finitimi et propinqui his animi perturbationibus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

significatio,

Gell. 6, 16, 11.—

Near in relationship or connection, kindred, related:

tibi genere propinqui,

Sall. J. 10, 3; Verg. A. 2, 86; Suet. Ner. 3.— Subst.: prŏpinquus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman (syn.:

affinis, agnatus): societas propinquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53:

tot propinqui cognatique,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

propinquus et amicus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

propinqui ceteri,

Sall. J. 14, 15:

aequabiliter in longinquos, in propinquos,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76; id. Fin. 5, 23, 67; id. Planc. 12, 29; Hor. S. 2, 3, 218; 1, 1, 83.—In fem.: prŏ-pinqua, ae, a female relative, kinswoman:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73.—Hence, adv.: prŏ-pinquē, near, at hand, hard by (ante- and post-class.):

adest propinque,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 18; 2, 7, 21; Front. Ep. ad Anton. 2, 2 Mai.

săcerdos, ōtis, comm. ( fem. collat. form SACERDOTA, Inscr. Orell. 2184; cf. antistes init.; gen. plur. SACERDOTIVM, Inscr. Orell. 1942) [sacer], a priest; a priestess:

divis aliis alii sacerdotes, omnibus pontifices, singulis flamines sunto... sacerdotum duo genera sunto: unum quod praesit caerimoniis et sacris, alterum quod interpretetur fatidicorum et vatum effata incognita, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; cf. Liv. 1, 19; Suet. Tib. 26:

in collegio sacerdotum,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

publici,

Liv. 5, 40; 26, 23; 42, 28; Suet. Vit. 11:

Phoebi,

Verg. A. 3, 80:

sacerdotes casti,

id. ib. 6, 661:

populi Romani,

Gell. 10, 24, 9:

Jovis,

Suet. Galb. 9; cf.

Dialis,

id. Dom. 4:

Dianae Ephesiae,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 73:

maximus (Syracusanorum),

Cic. Verr. 2,2,52, § 128:

tumuloque sacerdos additur Anchiseo,

Verg. A. 5, 760.—In fem.:

sacra Cereris per Graecas semper curata sunt sacerdotes, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 24, 55; id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 99:

Veneris,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 17; cf.

Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 2, 23; 2, 3, 20;

3, 2, 30: hujus fani,

id. ib. 1, 5, 27.— Absol., Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 73; 2, 4, 27; 2, 5, 22 al.:

Vestae,

a Vestal, Ov. F. 5, 573; Cic. Font. 17, 47 (37): Vestalis, an old formula ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14:

Troïa,

i. e. Ilia, Hor. C. 3, 3, 32 et saep.;

v. the inscriptions in Orell. 2160 sq.—In apposition: proximi nobilissimis ac sacerdotibus viris,

Vell. 2, 124:

in illo adultero sacerdote,

Quint. 5, 10, 104:

sacerdotem anum praecipem Reppulit,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; cf.

regina (i. e. Rhea Silvia),

Verg. A. 1, 273.— Transf., sarcastically:

ille popularis, i. e. Clodius (on account of his smuggling himself in among the priestesses of the Bona Dea),

Cic. Sest. 30, 66;

of the same: stuprorum sacerdos,

id. ib. 17, 39:

tyranni sacerdos,

id. Phil. 2, 43, 110.—In eccl. Lat., of Christ as a mediator between God and men, Vulg. Heb. 7, 15.

Săcerdos, ōtis, m. [1. sacerdos], a surname of frequent occurrence, esp. in the gens Licinia:

C. Sacerdos,

a prœtor in Sicily before Verres, Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 27; id. Planc. 11, 27.

săcerdos, ōtis, comm. ( fem. collat. form SACERDOTA, Inscr. Orell. 2184; cf. antistes init.; gen. plur. SACERDOTIVM, Inscr. Orell. 1942) [sacer], a priest; a priestess:

divis aliis alii sacerdotes, omnibus pontifices, singulis flamines sunto... sacerdotum duo genera sunto: unum quod praesit caerimoniis et sacris, alterum quod interpretetur fatidicorum et vatum effata incognita, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; cf. Liv. 1, 19; Suet. Tib. 26:

in collegio sacerdotum,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

publici,

Liv. 5, 40; 26, 23; 42, 28; Suet. Vit. 11:

Phoebi,

Verg. A. 3, 80:

sacerdotes casti,

id. ib. 6, 661:

populi Romani,

Gell. 10, 24, 9:

Jovis,

Suet. Galb. 9; cf.

Dialis,

id. Dom. 4:

Dianae Ephesiae,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 73:

maximus (Syracusanorum),

Cic. Verr. 2,2,52, § 128:

tumuloque sacerdos additur Anchiseo,

Verg. A. 5, 760.—In fem.:

sacra Cereris per Graecas semper curata sunt sacerdotes, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 24, 55; id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 99:

Veneris,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 17; cf.

Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 2, 23; 2, 3, 20;

3, 2, 30: hujus fani,

id. ib. 1, 5, 27.— Absol., Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 73; 2, 4, 27; 2, 5, 22 al.:

Vestae,

a Vestal, Ov. F. 5, 573; Cic. Font. 17, 47 (37): Vestalis, an old formula ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14:

Troïa,

i. e. Ilia, Hor. C. 3, 3, 32 et saep.;

v. the inscriptions in Orell. 2160 sq.—In apposition: proximi nobilissimis ac sacerdotibus viris,

Vell. 2, 124:

in illo adultero sacerdote,

Quint. 5, 10, 104:

sacerdotem anum praecipem Reppulit,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; cf.

regina (i. e. Rhea Silvia),

Verg. A. 1, 273.— Transf., sarcastically:

ille popularis, i. e. Clodius (on account of his smuggling himself in among the priestesses of the Bona Dea),

Cic. Sest. 30, 66;

of the same: stuprorum sacerdos,

id. ib. 17, 39:

tyranni sacerdos,

id. Phil. 2, 43, 110.—In eccl. Lat., of Christ as a mediator between God and men, Vulg. Heb. 7, 15.

Săcerdos, ōtis, m. [1. sacerdos], a surname of frequent occurrence, esp. in the gens Licinia:

C. Sacerdos,

a prœtor in Sicily before Verres, Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 27; id. Planc. 11, 27.

V, v, a character derived from the Greek g, Mar. Victor. p. 2459 P. A consonant which, though originally written with the same sign as the vowel u (v. the letter U), was by the ancients themselves considered as essentially different from it, Charis. p. 57 P.; Diom. p. 416; 420 P.; Prisc. p. 539; 542; 544 sq. P.; Vel. Long. p. 2215; 2222 P.; just as the consonant i ( j) and the vowel i were regarded as two distinct letters; v. the letter J.

The sound of V seems to have been the same with that of English initial W. It corresponded to the Æolic digamma;

hence it is called,

Quint. 12, 10, 29, Aeolica littera, and the emperor Claudius used the Greek digamma inverted F to represent it (because in its proper position it already formed the Latin letter F), Quint. 1, 7, 26; Prisc. p. 545 sq. P.; Gell. 14, 5, 2;

v. also the inscrr. of the period during and immediately succeeding the reign of Claudius,

Inscr. Orell. 710 sq.; Marini Atti, p. 97. In very many words which were originally common to both languages, the initial or medial v in Latin represents a lost digamma in Greek; cf.: ver, êr; vis, is; video, ID; vestis, esthês; vitulus, italos; vomo, emeô; voco, epô; volvo, eilô; vinum, oinos; viola, ion; vespera, hespera; Vesta, Hestia; silva, hulê; ovis, oïs; divus, dios; aevum, aiôn; scaevus, skaios; vicus, oikos; levis, leios al. (For a full discussion of the sound of V, see Roby, Gram. I. praef. p. xxxiii. sqq.).—

V has the closest affinity to the vowel u, and hence, in the course of composition and inflection, it often passed into the latter: solvo, solutum, from solvĭtum, solŭĭtum; caveo, cautum, from cavitum; fautor, from faveo; lautum, from lavo; nauta, from navita; audeo, cf. avidus; neu, seu, from neve, sive; tui, cf. Sanscr. tvam; sui, Sanscr. sva-; suavis, Sanscr. svadus, and is resolved into it by the poets from prosodial necessity: silŭa (trisyl.) for silva; dissŏlŭo, evŏlŭam (quadrisyl.), for dissolvam, evolvam; dissŏlŭenda, evolŭisse (quinquasyl.), for dissolvenda, evolvisse, etc., just as, for the same cause, although less freq., u passed into v: gēnva, tēnvis (dissyl.), for gēnŭa, tĕnŭis; tēnvĭa, tēnvĭus (trisyl.), for tĕnŭĭa, tĕnŭĭus.—For the affinity of v to b, v. the letter B.—

V as a medial between two vowels was very freq. elided, esp. in inflection, and the word underwent in consequence a greater or less contraction: amavisti, amāsti; deleverunt, delērunt; novisti, nōsti; audivisti, audīsti, or audiisti; siveris, siris, or sieris; obliviscor, oblitus; dives, dis; aeviternus, aeternus; divitior, ditior; bovibus, bubus, etc.; providens, prudens; movimentum, momentum; provorsus, prorsus; si vis, sis; si vultis, sultis; Jovis pater, Juppiter; mage volo, mavolo, malo; non volo, nolo, etc. An example of the elision of v without a further contraction of the word is found in seorsus, from sevorsus (v. seorsus).—This etymological suppression of v is to be distinguished from its purely orthographical omission before or after u in ancient MSS. and inscriptions, as serus for servus, noum for novum, festius for festivus, Pacuius for Pacuvius; cf. the letters J and Q.—V is sometimes elided after a mute: dis for dvis from duo; likewise after s: sibi for svibi (from su-ibi); sis, sas, sos, for suis, suas, suos; sultis for si vultis; so Lat. si corresponds to Umbr. sve and Osc. svai; v. esp. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 310 sqq.—

As an abbreviation, V (as the sign of the consonant) stands for vir, vivus, vixit, voto, vale, verba, etc.; V. C., or also VC., vir clarissimus; VCP., voti compos posuit; V. V., virgo Vestalis; V. F. Q. D. E. R. F. P. D. E. R. I. C., verba fecerunt. Quid de eā re fieri placeret, de eā re ita censuerunt.—As a numeral, the letter V stands for half of the geometrical cross X or ten, Zumpt, Gr. § 115 Anm. 1.

V, v, a character derived from the Greek g, Mar. Victor. p. 2459 P. A consonant which, though originally written with the same sign as the vowel u (v. the letter U), was by the ancients themselves considered as essentially different from it, Charis. p. 57 P.; Diom. p. 416; 420 P.; Prisc. p. 539; 542; 544 sq. P.; Vel. Long. p. 2215; 2222 P.; just as the consonant i ( j) and the vowel i were regarded as two distinct letters; v. the letter J.

The sound of V seems to have been the same with that of English initial W. It corresponded to the Æolic digamma;

hence it is called,

Quint. 12, 10, 29, Aeolica littera, and the emperor Claudius used the Greek digamma inverted F to represent it (because in its proper position it already formed the Latin letter F), Quint. 1, 7, 26; Prisc. p. 545 sq. P.; Gell. 14, 5, 2;

v. also the inscrr. of the period during and immediately succeeding the reign of Claudius,

Inscr. Orell. 710 sq.; Marini Atti, p. 97. In very many words which were originally common to both languages, the initial or medial v in Latin represents a lost digamma in Greek; cf.: ver, êr; vis, is; video, ID; vestis, esthês; vitulus, italos; vomo, emeô; voco, epô; volvo, eilô; vinum, oinos; viola, ion; vespera, hespera; Vesta, Hestia; silva, hulê; ovis, oïs; divus, dios; aevum, aiôn; scaevus, skaios; vicus, oikos; levis, leios al. (For a full discussion of the sound of V, see Roby, Gram. I. praef. p. xxxiii. sqq.).—

V has the closest affinity to the vowel u, and hence, in the course of composition and inflection, it often passed into the latter: solvo, solutum, from solvĭtum, solŭĭtum; caveo, cautum, from cavitum; fautor, from faveo; lautum, from lavo; nauta, from navita; audeo, cf. avidus; neu, seu, from neve, sive; tui, cf. Sanscr. tvam; sui, Sanscr. sva-; suavis, Sanscr. svadus, and is resolved into it by the poets from prosodial necessity: silŭa (trisyl.) for silva; dissŏlŭo, evŏlŭam (quadrisyl.), for dissolvam, evolvam; dissŏlŭenda, evolŭisse (quinquasyl.), for dissolvenda, evolvisse, etc., just as, for the same cause, although less freq., u passed into v: gēnva, tēnvis (dissyl.), for gēnŭa, tĕnŭis; tēnvĭa, tēnvĭus (trisyl.), for tĕnŭĭa, tĕnŭĭus.—For the affinity of v to b, v. the letter B.—

V as a medial between two vowels was very freq. elided, esp. in inflection, and the word underwent in consequence a greater or less contraction: amavisti, amāsti; deleverunt, delērunt; novisti, nōsti; audivisti, audīsti, or audiisti; siveris, siris, or sieris; obliviscor, oblitus; dives, dis; aeviternus, aeternus; divitior, ditior; bovibus, bubus, etc.; providens, prudens; movimentum, momentum; provorsus, prorsus; si vis, sis; si vultis, sultis; Jovis pater, Juppiter; mage volo, mavolo, malo; non volo, nolo, etc. An example of the elision of v without a further contraction of the word is found in seorsus, from sevorsus (v. seorsus).—This etymological suppression of v is to be distinguished from its purely orthographical omission before or after u in ancient MSS. and inscriptions, as serus for servus, noum for novum, festius for festivus, Pacuius for Pacuvius; cf. the letters J and Q.—V is sometimes elided after a mute: dis for dvis from duo; likewise after s: sibi for svibi (from su-ibi); sis, sas, sos, for suis, suas, suos; sultis for si vultis; so Lat. si corresponds to Umbr. sve and Osc. svai; v. esp. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 310 sqq.—

As an abbreviation, V (as the sign of the consonant) stands for vir, vivus, vixit, voto, vale, verba, etc.; V. C., or also VC., vir clarissimus; VCP., voti compos posuit; V. V., virgo Vestalis; V. F. Q. D. E. R. F. P. D. E. R. I. C., verba fecerunt. Quid de eā re fieri placeret, de eā re ita censuerunt.—As a numeral, the letter V stands for half of the geometrical cross X or ten, Zumpt, Gr. § 115 Anm. 1.

Vesta, ae, f. [Sanscr. root vas, to burn; vasaras, day; whence also Gr. Estia].

Another name for Ops, Cybele, Terra, the wife of Cœlus and mother of Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; Ov. F. 6, 267.—

Her granddaughter, daughter of Saturn, the goddess of flocks and herds, and of the household in general, Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Leg. 2, 12, 29; id. Div. 1, 45, 101; id. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. de Or. 3, 3, 10;

in her temple the holy fire burned perpetually, attended by the Vestal virgins,

id. Leg. 2, 8, 20; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18; Liv. 28, 11; 4, 52: Vestae sacerdos, i. e. the Pontifex maximus, of Cœsar, Ov. F. 5, 573; id. M. 15, 778.—

Poet., transf.

The temple of Vesta: quo tempore Vesta Arsit [p. 1981] Ov. F. 6, 437; cf. id. ib. 6, 234; 6, 713.—

Fire:

ter liquido ardentem perfudit nectare Vestam,

Verg. G. 4, 384; Sil. 6, 76.— Hence, Vestālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Vesta, Vestal:

festi,

Ov. F. 6, 395:

ara,

Luc. 1, 549:

foci,

id. 1, 199:

virgines,

priestesses of Vesta, Vestal virgins, Vestals, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; id. Rep. 2, 14, 26; 3, 10, 17; Liv. 4, 44 fin.—Sing., Gell. 1, 12, 9:

sacerdos,

id. 1, 12, 14 al. —

Ve-stālis, is, f. (virgo), a priestess of Vesta, a Vestal, Liv. 1, 3 sq.; Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39; Ov. F. 2, 383 al.—Hence, as adj.:

Vestales oculi,

of the Vestals, Ov. Tr. 2, 311.—

Ve-stālĭa, ĭum, n., the festival of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 17.

Vesta, ae, f. [Sanscr. root vas, to burn; vasaras, day; whence also Gr. Estia].

Another name for Ops, Cybele, Terra, the wife of Cœlus and mother of Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; Ov. F. 6, 267.—

Her granddaughter, daughter of Saturn, the goddess of flocks and herds, and of the household in general, Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Leg. 2, 12, 29; id. Div. 1, 45, 101; id. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. de Or. 3, 3, 10;

in her temple the holy fire burned perpetually, attended by the Vestal virgins,

id. Leg. 2, 8, 20; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18; Liv. 28, 11; 4, 52: Vestae sacerdos, i. e. the Pontifex maximus, of Cœsar, Ov. F. 5, 573; id. M. 15, 778.—

Poet., transf.

The temple of Vesta: quo tempore Vesta Arsit [p. 1981] Ov. F. 6, 437; cf. id. ib. 6, 234; 6, 713.—

Fire:

ter liquido ardentem perfudit nectare Vestam,

Verg. G. 4, 384; Sil. 6, 76.— Hence, Vestālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Vesta, Vestal:

festi,

Ov. F. 6, 395:

ara,

Luc. 1, 549:

foci,

id. 1, 199:

virgines,

priestesses of Vesta, Vestal virgins, Vestals, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; id. Rep. 2, 14, 26; 3, 10, 17; Liv. 4, 44 fin.—Sing., Gell. 1, 12, 9:

sacerdos,

id. 1, 12, 14 al. —

Ve-stālis, is, f. (virgo), a priestess of Vesta, a Vestal, Liv. 1, 3 sq.; Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39; Ov. F. 2, 383 al.—Hence, as adj.:

Vestales oculi,

of the Vestals, Ov. Tr. 2, 311.—

Ve-stālĭa, ĭum, n., the festival of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 17.

virgo, ĭnis, f. [root varg-; Sanscr. ūrg, strength, ūrga-jami, nourish; Gr. orgaô, to swell, orgê, impulse], a maid, maiden, virgin (cf. puella).

Lit.

In gen.:

cum Sabinas honesto ortas loco virgines rapi jussit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12:

(oratio philosophorum) casta, verecunda, virgo incorrupta,

id. Or. 19, 64:

bellica,

i. e. Pallas, Ov. M. 4, 754; Sil. 7, 459:

Saturnia,

i. e. Vesta, Ov. F. 6, 383:

Vestalis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26; 3, 10, 17.—In apposition:

virgo filia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63: dea, the virgin goddess, i. e. Diana, Ov. M. 12, 28; Mart. 10, 92, 8.— Transf., of female animals that have not coupled, Plin. 28, 9, 41, § 147:

lea,

Stat. Th. 12, 357:

porca,

Mart. 13, 56, 1.—Adject.:

carnes,

Plin. 28, 4, 10, § 43; cf.

equa,

Pall. 1, 35 fin.:

buculae,

Arn. 7, 224.—

In partic., of particular virgins.—Of a Vestal:

qui esset decimus annus post Virginum absolutionem,

Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9; Hor. C. 3, 30, 9:

virgines sanctae,

the Vestals, id. ib. 1, 2, 27.— Of Diana, Hor. C. 1, 12, 22; 3, 22, 1.—Of the Danaides, Hor. C. 3, 11, 26.—Of Astrœa, Verg. E. 4, 6.—

Transf.

In gen., of young females, a young woman, girl, Ov. H. 6, 133; Sil. 3, 435; Just. 1, 3, 2; Curt. 5, 1, 38; Verg. E. 6, 47; 6, 52; Hor. C. 2, 8, 23; 3, 14, 9.—

In the eccl. fathers, of males, Tert. Virg. Vel. 8; Hier. adv. Jovin. 1, 4; id. Ep. 22, 21; Paul. Nol. Carm. 22, 2. —

The constellation Virgo in the zodiac, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 110; Hyg. Astr. 2, 25; 3, 24.—

Aqua Virgo, or simply Virgo, a stream of cold water brought to Rome in an aqueduct constructed by M. Agrippa (so called because a young girl discovered its source), now Fontana Trevi, Front. Aquaed. 10; Plin. 31, 3, 25, § 42; Sen. Ep. 83, 5; Cassiod. Var. 7, 6; Ov. A. A. 3, 385; id. Tr. 3, 12, 22; Mart. 6, 42, 18; 11, 47, 6; 14, 163, 2 al.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 703 sq.—

Of things; as an adjectival appellative for unwedded, pure, unused (mostly post-class.):

senecta,

i. e. unmarried, Tert. adv. Valent. 5:

saliva,

fasting, id. Jejun. 6:

terra,

untilled, Plin. 33, 3, 15, § 52: charta, i. e. that has not been read or published, Mart. 1, 67, 7:

EMIT ET COMPARAVIT LOCVM VIRGINEM,

vacant, Inscr. Orell. 4566.