RF-84F

εἱργμός, later [full] εἰργμός, ὁ, ([etym.] εἴργω)

A cage, prison, Pl.R. 495d, Phd. 82e.

2 imprisonment, J.AJ18.1.3, Plu.2.84f: pl., Mitteis Chr. 71.10 (iv A. D.); εἱργμοὶ καὶ δεσμοί, of a snake's coils, Ael.NA17.37; εἱργμοῦ γραφή action for malicious imprisonment, Poll.6.154.

ἀντιφάρμᾰκον, τό,

A antidote, Arist.Mir. 837a18, Ceb.26, Ath.3.84f, Ruf.Fr.58.1, Apollon. ap. Philum.Ven.33.6, Dsc.1.125:—Adj. -κός, ἡ, a). r(i/za D.S.17.90.

Grammatical information: adv., prep.

Meaning: `near' (Il.).

Compounds: ἀγχέ-μαχος (Il.) prob. after τηλέ-μαχος (only as PN), Trümpy Fachausdrücke 113f.

Derivatives: ἀγχό-θι, - θεν; ἀγχοῦ. Comp. ἆσσον, ἀσσοτέρω, sup. ἄγχιστα, - ον, also ἄσσιστα. ἀγχιστῖνος `near each other' (Il.) Chantr. Form. 204; not as Fraenkel Glotta 32, 20. On ἀγχιστέδᾱν (Lokroi) = ἀγχιστήδᾱν s. Fraenkel Glotta 20, 84f. More in DELG.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: One considers a loc. of a root noun to ἄγχω (Schwyzer 622), or directly from ἄγχω after πέρι, ἄντι. The semantics seems doubtful to me (`squeeze, strangle'!). - Meillet suggested connection with ἐγγύς, which is possible if the word is Pre-Greek ( MSL 7, 165).

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `(aromatic) gum of the oriental wine palm' (Dsc., Plin.).

Other forms: also βδέλλα (J.)

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Semit.

Etymology: Oriental LW [loanword], cf. Hebr. b^edōlaḥ, Acc.. budulḫu. S. Lewy Fremdw. 45, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 84f.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `finger' (also as measure etc.), `toes' (Ion.-Att.);

Other forms: Boeot. δακκύλιος (Tanagra)

Compounds: τετραδάκτυλος; ῥοδοδάκτυλος.

Derivatives: Rare dimin.: δακτυλίδιον (Ar.), δακτυλίσκος (Lebadeia), δακτυλίς (Steph. Med., Plin.); - δακτύλιος m. (- ον n.) `(finger)ring' (Sapph., Hdt.) with dimin. δακτυλίδιον (Delos III<sup>a</sup>, pap.), also δακτυλίδριον, - ίδρυον (pap., from - ύδριον [Chantr. Form. 72f.] dissimilated), δακτύληθρον (Them.; cf. Chantr. 373), δακτυλήθρα `glove with fingers' (X., Chantr. l.c.); - δακτυλῖτις plant name (Dsc.; after the root like a finger, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 37, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 70), δακτυλεύς name of a sea-fish (Ath.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 84f.). - Adj.: δακτυλ-ιαῖος `broad as a finger' (Hp.), δακτυλικός `belonging to the finger' (Ath.), δακτυλωτός `with fingers' (Ion.). - Denomin. δακτυλίζω `count with the fingers etc.' (H.) with δακτυλιστής (pap.) unknown profession.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: No etymology. Boeot. δακκύλιος, where - κκ- is hardly from - κτ-, rather from *δάτκυλος. Not to OHG zinko. Lat. digitus is also unclear. *δατκ-υλ- looks perfectly Pre-Greek: - κτ-, vowels α and υ.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `row of thrumbs (on the loom), to which the threads of the warp are attached' (Ael. Dion. Fr. 440, Phot. 304, EM); exact construction unknown.

Derivatives: - καίρωσις (Poll. 7, 33, H.), after H. = τοῦ στήμονος οἱ σύνδεσμοι, collective abstract from *καιρόω `provide with καῖροι'; καίρωμα = καῖρος (Ael. Dion. l. c.) Chantraine Formation 187), also `texture' (Call. Fr. 295); καιρωτίδες (- ωστ(ρ)ίδες) `weaver' (Call. Fr. 356, H., Suid.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: - Note καιροσέων adjunct of ὀθονέων (η 107) for καιρουσσέων (on the explanation Wackernagel Unt. 84f. against Kretschmer, who Glotta 13, 249 sticks to his interpretation), gen. pl. of καιρόεσσα, m. καιρόεις prop. `provided with καῖροι'; exact meaning uncartain. - On καιρία, mostly κειρία (- η-, - ι-) s. v. Technical expression of unclear meaning, so etymologically difficult. Acc. to H. Petersson (s. Pok. 577f.) to Arm. sari-k'', pl. gen. sareac̣ `sling, rope', sard, instr. sardi-w `spider'. Albanian combination (to thur `twine, weave etc.' [?]) in Cimochowski Ling. Posn. 5, 194.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wax' (Od.).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. in κηρό-δε-τος `with wax fitted together' (Theoc. a. o.), κηρο-πλάσ-της `wax-sculptor' (Pl.), κηρο-τακ-ίς f. "hot plate", (to keep wax paints hot) ( PHolm. 6, 33; cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.); as 2. member e. g. in πισσό-κηρος m. `propolis, a mix of resin and wax, with which bees line their hives, bee-bread' (Arist., Plin.; beside it κηρό-πισσος `ointment from wax and resin' [Hp.], cf. Risch IF 59, 58), μελί-κηρος `bee-wax' (pap.); beside it: μελι-κήρ-ιον `honeycomb' (Sm.), μελι-κηρ-ίς `id.', metaph. `cyst or wen' (which resembles a honeycomb) (Hp., pap.), μελί-κηρᾰ f. `spawn of the murex' (Arist.).

Derivatives: 1. κηρίον `wax-cake, honeycomb' (IA. h. Merc. 559; Zumbach Neuerungen 11) with κηρίδιον (Aët.), κηριώδης `honeycomb-like' (Thphr.), κηρίωμα `tearing eyes' (S. Fr. 715), κηριάζω `spawn', of the purple (snail), as its spawn resembles a honeycomb (Arist.). - 2. κήρινος `of wax' (Alcm., Att.) with κηρίνη (sc. ἔμπλαστρος) name of a plaster (medic.); 3. κήρινθος m. `bee-bread' (Arist., Plin., H.; on the identical GN s. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 251); 4. κηρίων, - ωνος `wax-candle, -torch' (Plu., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 165, Schwyzer 487); 5. κηρών, - ῶνος `bee-hive' (sch.); 6. κηρίς fish-name = κιρρίς? (Diph. Siph., Alex. Trall.; s. κιρρός), prob. after the yellow colour; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 20f., Thompson Fishes s. v.; 7. κηρῖτις ( λίθος) `wax-like stone' (Plin. HN 37, 153: "cerae similis"; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); 8. *κηροῦσσα in Lat. cērussa `white-lead' ( Plaut.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. and Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 94f.). - Denominative verbs: 1. κηρόομαι, - όω `be covered with wax resp. cover' (Hp., Herod., AP) with κήρωσις `bee-wax' (Arist.); κήρωμα `wax-ointment, -plaster' (Hp.; cf. Chantraine Formation 186f., Lat. cērōma), - ματικός, - ματίτης, - ματιστής (Redard 47); κηρωτή `id.' (Hp., Ar., Dsc.) with κηρωτάριον `id.' (medic.); 2. κηρίζω `look like wax' (Zos. Alch.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The connexion by Curtius 149 with a Baltic word for `honeycomb', Lith. korỹs, Latv. kâre(s), is rejected or doubted by several scholars (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 18ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. korỹs, Specht Ursprung 52). As a Dor. *κᾱρός cannot be shown (Osthoff l. c.) and as borrowing of IA. κηρός in another language cannot be demonstrated, the comparison seems impossible (Lith. has IE.ā, the Greek form ē). As further for the Indoeuropeans bee-culture can hardly be expected (on IE. names for the products of bees s. on μέλι and μέθυ), one must reckon for κηρός with foreign origin (cf. Haupt Actes du 16<sup>éme</sup> congr. des orientalistes [1912] 84f., Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 140f., Chantraine Formation 371, Deroy Glotta 35, 190, Alessio Studi etr. 19, 161ff., Belardi Doxa 3, 210). - From κηρός prob. as LW [loanword] Lat. cēra (-a after tabella, crēta; details in W.-Hofmann s. v.); from Lat. cēreolus Gr. κηρίολος `wax-candle' (Ephesos II^p). The word κήρινθος `bee-bread' seems Pre-Greek. Wrong Huld in EIEC 637

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: πνοή. ὀμφά ὀσμή. Λάκωνες H.

Compounds: As 2. member in εὔ-ομφος = εὔοσμος (Arcad. after Timachidas ap. Ath.; codd. - φαλον). Verb ποτ-όμφει προσόζει H.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Cannot belong to the group of νέφος, νεφέλη as this word had no initial laryngeal. (Thus Frisk Eranos 40, 84f.) -- Diff. Lagercrantz KZ 35, 278 f. (s. Bq); to be rejected (s. Frisk l.c. w. lit.).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `elm tree' (Il.).

Other forms: Ion.- έη, Epid. πελέα

Dialectal forms: Myc. \/ pterewa\/.

Derivatives: πτελέ-ινος `of elm' (Att. a. Del. inscr., Thphr.), - ών, - ῶνος m. `elm-grove' (Gloss.). Πτελεός m. town in Thessaly etc. (Β 697 a.o.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Formation as μηλέα, ἰτέα a. other tree-names; the formally inviting connection with πτέλας `boar' can perh. be semant. argued, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 140 (cf. NHG Eberesche; the boar lives also in elm-woods). Lat. pōpulus `poplar' deviates stongly formally and in meeaning; phonetically quite closer is tilia `lime-tree'; on this as well as on other tree-names, which have been adduced in the rather inconclusive discussion, s. Bq s.v., WP. 2, 84f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. pōpulus and tilia; further Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 56. On the anlautvariation πτ-: π- s. the lit. on πόλεμος, πόλις. -- From πτελέα prob. Arm. t`eɫi `elm' (for old consanguinity lastly Solta Sprache 3,227 w. n. 11); from Lat. tilia τιλίαι αἴγειροι H. -- Furnée 226 assumes that it is a variant of μελὶη `ash' and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `tuff' (Arist., Thphr., hell. inscr. a.o.), in Anatolia `stone- or chalk-formation, concretion, stone in the bladder, kidney etc.' (Hp., Arist. a.o.).

Other forms: Also ποῦρος (inscr. Delphi), πόρος (Thphr. Lap. 7, Gal. 6, 57)

Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in πωρ-όμφαλον n. subst. bahuvrihi `concretion in the navel' (Gal.).

Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πωρ-ίον, - ίδιον n. `callosity' (medic.); 2. adj. πώρ-ινος `of tuff' (Hdt., Ar., hell. inscr. a.o.), - εία λίθος `tuff' (Str.), - ώδης 'π. -like' (Gal.); 3. verb πωρ-όομαι, - όω, also w. δια-, ἐπι-, συν-, `to petrify, to harden, to grow together in a concretion, grow hard' (Hp., Arist., Thphr., NT) with ( ἐπι-) πώρ-ωμα, - ωσις `petrification, concretion' (Hp., Gal., NT). 4. πωρ-ίασις f. `callus on the eye-lid' (Gal.), as if from *πωρ-ιᾶν (Schwyzer 732).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Orig. indicating a kind of stone and at home in building, πῶρος with its derivv. was used esp. by the medics. No etymology. Acc. to Haupt Actes du 16. congr. des orient. (1912) 84f. from Assyr. pûlu `shell-lime'. With πωρεῖν κηδεύειν, πενθεῖν, πωρῆσαι λυπῆσαι H. and πωρητύς f. `pain' (Antim.) no connection seems possible. Cf. however ταλαίπωρος. -- Furnée 328 connects *ψῶρος in ψωρίτης λίθος `a kind of marble' (Cyran 46), and Hitt. purut- `loam, chalk, mortar'.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `fine woven cloth, fine linen, garment, blanket etc. made thereof' (Hdt., Th., trag., hell. a. late; on the meaning Blinzler Phil. 99, 160f.).

Compounds: As 1. member a. o. in σινδονο-φόρος m. `wearer of a σ.' (Delos, Tegea).

Derivatives: σινδόν-ιον n. `garment etc. made of σ.' (hell. a. late), - ίσκος m. dimin. (Samos IV<sup>a</sup>), - ίτης, Dor. - ίτας m. `wearer of an σ.' (Str.), `garment made of σ.' (hell. a. late), also attribut. ( τελαμών, χιτών [Poll., Phot.]), Redard 114; - ιάζω `to cover in σ.' (pap.).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem. (Anat.?)

Etymology: Semit. (Phoenic.?) LW [loanword]. Lewy Fremdw. 84f. compares with earliers Hebr. sādīn `linen untercloth, kind of shirt', to which in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 326 also Assyr. sadinnu; further E. Masson Recherches 25 f. w. lit. -- From Greek Lat. sindon; MLat. cendalum with Ital. zendale, NHG Zindel `kind of tafetta'. -- Furnée 273 adds "wohl vorderasiat. Kultuwort", but without further comment.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `troop, department of the people' (Pi., trag., Crete), `troop of warriors, army, navy' (Il.), also `(army-, ships)camp' (Il.); στάρτοι αἱ τάξεις τοῦ πλήθους H.

Other forms: Aeol. στρότος (Sapph.), Cret. σταρτος (inscr.).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. στρατ-ηγός (IA.), -ᾱγός (Dor. Arc.) m. `army-commander' (cf. Chantraine Études 90), στρατό-πεδον n. `army-camp, army, fleet' (IA.; Risch IF59,15); also as 2. member e.g. δεξί-στρατος `recieving a host' (B.); to this numerous PN.

Derivatives: 1. Collective formation στρατ-ίά, - ιή f. `troop, host, army', also `campaign' = στρατεία (Pi., IA.; Scheller, Oxytonierung 84f.) with - ιώτης m. `warrior, soldier' (IA.), - ιωτικός (Att.; Chantraine Études 126). - ιωτάριον n. meaning uncertain, perh. `soldier's sack' (pap. III^p). 2. - ιος, f. - ία `warlike', also as surn. of Zeus, of Ares, resp. of Athena a.o. (Alc., Hdt. a.o.); also - ειος, - εία `id.' (Mylasa II^a). 3. στρατύλλαξ m. disparaging dimin. of στρατηγός (Cic. Att.; cf. Delph. Στρατυλλις). Denom. 4. στρατ-άομαι (- όομαι?), also w. ἀμφι-, ἐπι-, συν-, `to troop together', only in ep. ipf. ἐστρατόωντο (Il., A. R., Nonn.; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 185, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 80; 359; 364); - όομαι certain in the ptc. στρατωθέν ( στόμιον) `consisting of an army' (A. Ag. 133 [lyr.]; Wackernagel Unt. 125). 5. - εύω, - εύομαι, also w. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συν- a.o., `to take the field, to serve in the army' (IA.) with - εία, Ion. - ηΐη f. ( ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συν-) `campaign, war-service' (IA.), - ευμα n. `campaign, army' (IA.), - ευσις ( ἐπι-) f. `campaign' (Hdt., D.H. u.a.), - εύσιμος, - ευτικός.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1029] * ster- `camp, spread out'

Etymology: Orig. meaning `troop, department of people', from there `troop of warriors, army', second. `camp'. -- With Skt. str̥ta- `thrown down, sprinkled' (older á-str̥ta- `unconquered, unconquerable'), Av. stǝrǝta- `spread out', also with OIr. sreth `strues' (IE *str̥tā) formally identical, but with unclear development of meaning: prop. `spread (or spreading) heap'? Cf. Persson Beitr. 1, 451 ff. (with older lit.), who however starts from the meaning `ordened troop, row'. Quite diff. Strunk Münch. Stud. 17, 77 ff. (w. extensive streatment), Nasalpräs. u. Aor. (1967) 111 w. n. 309 (w. lit.): στρατός prop. `*which can be thrown down' \> `*enemy's army' or `*which throws down'. -- Further s. στόρνυμι (with lit.); older lit. also in Bq. -- The oldest meaning may have been `camping army'.

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εὐχαριστία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; since Hippocr. Comp. II 87f. Ps.-Menand. Fgm. 693 Kock; ins; PLond III, 1178, 25 p. 216 [194 A.D.]; LXX; Philo, Joseph., Just., Did.).

① the quality of being grateful, with implication of appropriate attitude, thankfulness, gratitude (an important component of Gr-Rom. reciprocity; s. decrees of the Byzantines in Demosth. 18, 91 [s. εὐχαριστέω 1]; Polyb. 8, 12, 8; Diod S 17, 59, 7; OGI 227, 6; 199, 31 [I A.D.] ἔχω πρὸς τ. μέγιστον θεόν μου Ἄρην εὐχαριστίαν; BGU 1764, 21 [I B.C.]; 2 Macc 2:27; Esth 8:12d; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 84) μετὰ πάσης εὐ. (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 46, 8) with all gratitude Ac 24:3.

② the expression or content of gratitude, the rendering of thanks, thanksgiving (SIG 798, 5 [c. 37 A.D.] εἰς εὐχαριστίαν τηλικούτου θεοῦ εὑρεῖν ἴσας ἀμοιβάς; Wsd 16:28; Sir 37:11; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 224; Jos., Ant. 1, 156; 2, 346; 3, 65; 4, 212) abs. Eph 5:4 (s. OCasel, BZ 18, 1929, 84f, who, after Origen, equates εὐχαριστία w. εὐχαριτία=‘the mark of fine training’). τῷ θεῷ toward God 2 Cor 9:11. μετὰ εὐχαριστίας with thanksgiving (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 144) Phil 4:6; 1 Ti 4:3f; ἐν εὐ. Col 4:2. περισσεύειν ἐν εὐ. overflow w. thanksg. 2:7; περισσεύειν τὴν εὐ. increase the thanksg. 2 Cor 4:15. εὐχαριστίαν τῷ θεῷ ἀνταποδοῦναι περὶ ὑμῶν render thanks to God for you 1 Th 3:9. Also εὐ. διδόναι (Theodor. Prodr. 8, 414 H. θεοῖς) Rv 4:9. Esp. prayer of thanksgiving (Herm. Wr. 1, 29) 1 Cor 14:16; Rv 7:12. Pl. 2 Cor 9:12; 1 Ti 2:1.

③ the observance and elements of the Eucharist, Lord’s Supper, Eucharist ποτήριον τῆς εὐχ. 1 Cor 10:16 v.l.—D 9:1, 5 JClabeaux, in: Prayers fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley, ’97, 260–66; IEph 13:1; IPhld 4; ISm 8:1. W. προσευχή 7:1. Cp. Just., A I, 65, 3; 66, 1; Orig., C. Cels. 57, 20; RKnopf, Hdb. on D 9:1.—JRéville, Les origines de l’Eucharistie 1908; MGoguel, L’Euch. des origines à Justin mart. 1909; FWieland, D. vorirenäische Opferbegriff 1909; GLoeschcke, Zur Frage nach der Einsetzung u. Herkunft der Eucharistie: ZWT 54, 1912, 193–205; ALoisy, Les origines de la Cène euch.: Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 1928, 77–95. GMacGregor, Eucharistic Origins 1929; KGoetz, D. Ursprung d. kirchl. Abendmahls 1929; HHuber, D. Herrenmahl im NT, diss. Bern 1929; WGoossens, Les origines de l’Euch. ’31; RHupfeld, D. Abendmahlsfeier, ihr ursprüngl. Sinn usw., ’35; JJeremias, D. Abendmahlsworte Jesu ’35, ²’49, ³’60 (Eng. tr., The Eucharistic Words of Jesus, AEhrhardt ’55; s. also KKuhn, TLZ 75, ’50, 399–408), D. paul. Abdm.—eine Opferdarbietung?: StKr 108, ’37, 124–41; AArnold, D. Ursprung d. Chr. Abdmahls ’37, ²’39; LPoot, Het oudchristelijk Avondmaal ’36; ELohmeyer, D. Abdm. in d. Urgem.: JBL 56, ’37, 217–52; EKäsemann, D. Abdm. im NT: Abdm. gemeinschaft? ’37, 60–93; HSasse, D. Abdm. im NT: V. Sakr. d. Altars ’41, 26–78; EGaugler, D. Abdm. im NT ’43; NJohansson, Det urkristna nattvardsfirandet ’44; ESchweizer, D. Abdm. eine Vergegenwärtigung des Todes Jesu od. e. eschatalogisches Freudenmahl?: TZ 2, ’46, 81–101; TPreiss, TZ 4, ’48, 81–101 (Eng. tr., Was the Last Supper a Paschal Meal? in Life in Christ, chap. 5, ’54, 81–99); F-JLeenhardt, Le Sacrement de la Sainte Cène, ’48; GWalther, Jesus, das Passalamm des Neuen Bundes usw., ’50; RBultmann, Theol. of the NT (tr. KGrobel), ’51, I, 144–52; AHiggins, The Lord’s Supper in the NT, ’52; OCullmann, Early Christian Worship (transl. ATodd and JTorrance), ’53; HLessig, D. Abendmahlsprobleme im Lichte der NTlichen Forschung seit 1900, diss. Bonn, ’53; ESchweizer, TLZ 79, ’54, 577–92 (lit.); GBornkamm, Herrenmahl u. Kirche bei Paulus, NTS 2, ’55/56, 202–6; CMoule, The Judgment Theme in the Sacraments, in Background of the NT and Its Eschatology (CDodd Festschr.) ’56, 464–81; MBlack, The Arrest and Trial of Jesus and the Date of the Last Supper, in NT Essays (TManson memorial vol.) ’59, 19–33; PNeuenzeit, Das Herrenmahl, ’60; The Eucharist in the NT, five essays tr. fr. French by EStewart, ’64; EKilmartin, The Eucharist in the Primitive Church, ’65; BIersel, NovT 7, ’64/65, 167–94; HBraun, Qumran II, ’66, 29–54; JAudet, TU 73, ’59, 643–62; HSchürmann, D. Paschamahlbericht, ’53, D. Einsetzungsbericht, ’55, Jesu Abschiedsrede, ’57 (all Lk 22); HPatsch, Abendmahl u. Historischer Jesus, ’72; FHahn RGG⁴, I, 10–15 (NT); CMarkschies, ibid., 15–21 (early church). S. also the lit. on ἀγάπη 2.—M-M. TW.

θῆλυς, εια, υ (Hom.+) female ἡ θ. woman (Hdt. 3, 109; X., Mem. 2, 1, 4 et al.; Lev 27:4–7; En 15:5 and 7; TestJob 46:2f; Just., A I, 27, 1 al.) Ro 1:26f; 1 Cl 55:5; 2 Cl 12:2, 5 (both the latter pass. are quot. fr. an apocryphal gospel, presumably GEg); GEg 54, 21; girl εἴτε ἄρσενα εἴτε θηλείαν GJs 4:1; cp. 5:2 (TestJob 46:2f; Just., A II, 5, 5). Also τὸ θ. (PTebt 422, 18 ‘daughter’) ἄρσεν καὶ θ. male and female (LXX; Philo; Jos., Ant. 1, 32; cp. Pla., Rep. 454d; Aristot., Metaph. 988a, 5; Ath. 22, 4 and R. 76, 20) Mt 19:4; Mk 10:6; 1 Cl 33:5; 2 Cl 14:2 (all Gen 1:27); Gal 3:28.—GNaass 252, 60; GEg 252, 57f; 2 Cl 12:2 (s. above); cp. B 10:7.—B. 84f.—DELG s.v. θηλή. M-M.

κομάω (s. κόμη, cp. Lat. comans; Hom. et al.; BGU 16, 11; Philo, Deus Imm. 88, Spec. Leg. 3, 37; Jos., Ant. 4, 72) wear long hair, let one’s hair grow long (Diod S 20, 63, 3) 1 Cor 11:14, 15 (Paul argues from nature, but has Roman custom on his side; ancient authors are not unanimous about Greek custom: s. Il. 2, 11 al. ‘long-haired Achaeans’; Hdt. 1, 82, 7 in ref. to a vow; Aristot. Rhet. 1367a, 26 long hair a sign of nobility in Lacedemonia; Plut., Mor. 267b Greeks do not ordinarily wear their hair long; Ps.-Phoc. 212 ἄρσεσιν οὐκ ἐπέοικε κομᾶν; JMurphy-OConnor, CBQ 42, ’80, 484–87: to some an indication of effeminacy, cp. Juvenal 2, 96. For an Israelite perspective s. Judg 16:19; cp. Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 37; Billerb. III 441f; CGordon, Homer and Bible: HUCA 26, ’55, 84f. Other reff. PvanderHorst, The Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides ’78, 249f. Perh. Paul refers to the effeminate manner in which some males coiffured their long hair, rather than to the mere wearing of hair in full length.)—MAndronicos et al., The Gk. Museum ’75 (illustr.); RAC IV 629f. DELG s.v. κόμη. M-M.

μετά (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc., in the NT not (B-D-F §203; Rob. 610) w. dat.—For lit. s. ἀνά, beg.; also for μετά (and σύν) Tycho Mommsen, Beiträge zu d. Lehre v. den griech. Präp. 1895. Basic idea: ‘in the vicinity of ’.

A. w. gen. with

① marker of placement, with, among, in company with someone (Gen 42:5; EpArist 180; En 22:13; 99:10; PsSol 4:6; JosAs 10:3 al.) or someth. ἦν μετὰ τῶν θηρίων he was among the wild animals Mk 1:13 (Diog. L. 6, 92 μόσχοι μετὰ λύκων). ἦν συγκαθήμενος μ. τῶν ὑπηρετῶν he sat down among the servants 14:54. μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη he was classed among the criminals Mk 15:28; Lk 22:37. τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μ. τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει he will assign him his lot among the faithless (unbelievers?) Lk 12:46; cp. Mt 24:51. ζῆτειν τὸν ζῶντα μ. τῶν νεκρῶν seek the living among the dead Lk 24:5. μὴ γογγύζετε μετʼ ἀλλήλων do not grumble among yourselves J 6:43. εἱστήκει Ἰούδας μετʼ αὐτῶν 18:5. ἡ σκηνὴ τ. θεοῦ μετὰ τ. ἀνθρώπων Rv 21:3a. μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν in the midst of the clouds 1:7.

② marker of assoc. in gener. sense denoting the company within which someth. takes place, with

ⓐ w. gen. of pers. in company w. whom someth. takes place

α. w. verbs of going, remaining, etc. προσέρχεσθαι μ. τινος come (in company) with someone Mt 20:20; cp. 5:41; Mk 1:29; 3:7; 5:24, 37; 11:11; 14:17; Lk 2:51; 6:17; 9:49; 14:31; J 3:22b; 11:54; Ac 24:1; Gal 2:1. Angels accompanying the Messiah Mt 25:31; cp. 16:27; Mk 8:38; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 1:7. περιπατεῖν μ. τινος (Menand., Fgm. 178 Kö., Sam. 587f S. [242f Kö.]; ApcEsdr 6:12) J 6:66. γίνεσθαι μ. τινος be, remain with someone Ac 7:38; 9:19; 20:18; AcPlCor 2:4 (ApcMos 2 ἐγένοντο μ. ἀλλήλων). οἱ μ. αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι his companions Mk 16:10. μένειν μ. τινος stay with someone 1J 2:19 (ParJer 3:15). ζήσασα μ. ἀνδρός Lk 2:36. ἀκολουθεῖν μ. τινος follow (after) someone Rv 6:8; 14:13 (s. ἀκολουθέω 2).

β. used w. trans. verbs ἄγειν τινὰ μ. ἑαυτοῦ bring someone along (s. ἄγω 1b) 2 Ti 4:11. παραλαμβάνειν τινὰ μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ take or bring someone along (as a companion) (Gen 22:3) Mt 12:45; 18:16; Mk 14:33. ἔχειν τι μ. ἑαυτοῦ have someth. with oneself: bread 8:14; τινά someone (PGM 4, 1952): the lame Mt 15:30; the poor Mk 14:7; Mt 26:11; J 12:8; the bridegroom Mk 2:19b. Pass. συγκατεψηφίσθη μετὰ τ. ἕνδεκα ἀποστόλων he was chosen (to serve) with the eleven apostles Ac 1:26 (cp. Himerius, Or. 44 [=Or. 8], 3 μετὰ τῶν θεῶν ἀριθμούμενος=numbered with the gods).

γ. esp. εἶναι μ. τινος be with someone, in someone’s company.

א. lit. of close association: the disciples w. Jesus Mt 26:69, 71; Mk 3:14; 14:67; Lk 22:59; J 15:27; 17:24. Also of accompaniment for a short time Mt 5:25; J 3:26; 9:40; 12:17; 20:24, 26. Of Jesus’ association w. his disciples 13:33; 14:9; 16:4; 17:12. Of relations between the superintendent and the congregation μετὰ τ. ἐπισκόπου εἶναι be with, on the side of, the supervisor/bishop IPhld 3:2. οἱ μ. τινος (sc. ὄντες) someone’s friends, companions, etc. (Diod S 17, 96, 2 οἱ μεθʼ Ἡρακλέους; SIG 175, 5; 659, 5; 826e II, 30; Am 4:2; 8:10; Gen 24:59; 1 Macc 7:23; JosAs 27:7; AscIs 2:15; 3:6, 14; Jos., Vi. 397, Ant. 7, 20; Just., D. 8, 3 al.) Mt 12:3f; 26:51; Mk 1:36; 2:25; Lk 6:3f. Of things ἄλλα πλοῖα ἦν μ. αὐτοῦ other boats were with him, accompanied him Mk 4:36. ὁ μισθός μου μετʼ ἐμοῦ (sc. ἐστιν) Rv 22:12. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ the fire (of judgment) awaits him (the interpretation of the Armenian text; sim. the Lat.) AcPlCor 2:37.

ב. in ref. to supportiveness be with someone, stand by, help someone of God’s help (Gen 21:20; 26:3; 28:20 al.; Jos., Ant. 15, 138) J 3:2; 8:29; 16:32; Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 39:2, 21); 10:38; cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 8:8); Lk 1:28; Ro 15:33. Of God’s hand (1 Ch 4:10) Lk 1:66; Ac 11:21. Of Christ: Mt 28:20; Ac 18:10.

ג. a favorite expr. in conclusions of letters ὁ θεὸς τῆς ἀγάπης καὶ εἰρήνης ἔσται μ. ὑμῶν will be with you 2 Cor 13:11; cp. Phil 4:9; ὁ κύριος κτλ. 2 Th 3:16 (cp. Ruth 2:4); 2 Ti 4:22. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μ. ὑμῶν (sc. ἔσται) 1 Cor 16:23; cp. 1 Th 5:28; 1 Cl 65:2. μ. τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25; 21:9. μ. πάντων ὑμῶν 2 Th 3:18; cp. Eph 6:24. Short and to the point: ἡ χάρις μ. ὑμῶν Col 4:18; 1 Ti 6:21; cp. Tit 3:15; Hb 13:25. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις ἔλεος εἰρήνη 2J 3.—ἡ ἀγάπη μου μ. πάντων ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ my love is with you all in Christ Jesus 1 Cor 16:24. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Χρ. καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τ. θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 2 Cor 13:13 (WvanUnnik, Dominus Vobiscum: liturg. formula, TManson memorial vol., ’59, 270–305; on the Trinitarian formula s. the lit. on πνεῦμα 8).—In the expr. ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς μ. αὐτῶν Ac 14:27; 15:4 (cp. Hs 5, 1, 1) ὤν could be supplied what God has done in helping them; but ποιεῖν can just as well go w. μ. αὐτῶν has done for them, after the analogy of עָשָׂה עִם פּ׳ (Tob 12:6; 13:7 ἃ ποιήσει μεθʼ ὑμῶν; Jdth 8:26 ὅσα ἐποίησεν μετὰ Ἀβραάμ; 15:10; 1 Macc 10:27. In addition, cp. BGU 798, 8 εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῇ ἡμῶν δεσποίνῃ εἰς πάντα τὰ καλὰ ἃ ἐποίησεν μετὰ τ. δούλων αὐτῆς. But s. also LMaloney, ‘All That God Had Done with Them’ ’91, 118–21: God works ‘with’ the apostles and ‘through’ them). Here also belongs ποιεῖν ἔλεος μ. τινος have mercy on someone, show mercy to someone (Gen 24:12; 2 Km 3:8; JosAs 23:4) Lk 1:72; 10:37 (MWilcox, The Semitisms in Ac, ’65, 84f). ἐμεγάλυνεν κύριος τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτῆς the Lord has shown great mercy to her 1:58 (cp. 1 Km 12:24; Ps 125:2f).—In πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μ. τοῦ προσώπου σου Ac 2:28=Ps 15:11 the LXX has literally translated אֶת־פָּנֶיךָ; it means in your presence.

ד. in ref. to taking sides or being allied in some way with someone: in contrast to εἶναι κατά τινος be against someone is εἶναι μ. τινος be with someone, on someone’s side Mt 12:30a; Lk 11:23a (AFridrichsen, ZNW 13, 1912, 273–80).

ⓑ to denote the company in which an activity or experience takes place: ἀνακεῖσθαι μ. τινος recline at table with someone (for a meal) Mt 26:20. ἀνακλιθῆναι 8:11; cp. Lk 24:30. βασιλεύειν Rv 20:4, 6. γρηγορεῖν Mt 26:38, 40. δειπνεῖν Rv 3:20 (TestJob 15:2). δουλεύειν Gal 4:25. ἐμπαίζειν Mt 27:41. ἐσθίειν 9:11; 24:49; Mk 2:16ab; 14:14, 18; Lk 5:30 (TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 9 [Stone p. 10]). ἠρώτα … ἵνα φάγῃ μ. αὐτοῦ he asked (him) to eat with him 7:36 (cp. TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 21 [Stone p. 68]; JosAs 7:1). εὐφραίνεσθαι 15:29; Ro 15:10 (Dt 32:43). κλαίειν 12:15b. κληρονομεῖν Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10; Just., D. 26, 1; cp. συγκληρονομεῖν JosAs 24:9). πίνειν Mt 26:29. ποιεῖν τὸ πάσχα celebrate the Passover (with someone) 26:18. συνάγειν 12:30b; Lk 11:23b. συνεσθίειν Gal 2:12. ταράττεσθαι Mt 2:3. τρώγειν J 13:1 v.l. χαίρειν Ro 12:15a.

ⓒ The associative aspect can also derive expression from the fact that two opposite parties exert influence upon one another or that one party brings the other to adopt a corresponding, and therefore common, attitude

α. in friendly, or at least not in hostile, fashion: εἰρηνεύειν (3 Km 22:45) Ro 12:18; cp. 2 Ti 2:22; Hb 12:14. εὐθηνίαν ἔχειν Hm 2:3. κοινωνίαν ἔχειν 1J 1:3a, 7. λαλεῖν μετά τινος (cp. Gen 31:24, 29; 1 Macc 7:15) Mk 6:50; J 4:27ab. συλλαλεῖν μ. τινος Mt 17:3; Ac 25:12. συμβούλιον διδόναι Mk 3:6. συνάγεσθαι Mt 28:12; J 18:2. συνᾶραι λόγον Mt 18:23; 25:19. ἐγένοντο φίλοι ὅ τε. Ἡρῴδης καὶ ὁ Πιλᾶτος μετʼ ἀλλήλων Lk 23:12. οἱ μοιχεύοντες μετʼ αὐτῆς those who commit adultery with her Rv 2:22. πορνεύειν (cp. Ezk 16:34; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 7 [Stone p. 24]) 17:2; 18:3, 9. μολύνεσθαι 14:4 (cp. En 12:4 τῶν γυναικῶν ἐμιάνθησαν).

β. in hostile fashion; after verbs of fighting, quarreling, etc. to denote the pers. w. whom the strife is being carried on πολεμεῖν μ. τινος carry on war with = against someone (נִלְחַם עִם פּ׳ 1 Km 17:33; 3 Km 12:24; ParJer 7:10. But s. also OGI 201, 3 ἐπολέμησα μετὰ τῶν Βλεμύων; BGU 1035, 9; 11. Also in Mod. Gk. [AThumb, Hdb. der neugriech. Volkssprache² 1910 §162, 1 note]) Rv 2:16; 12:7; 13:4; 17:14 (B-D-F §193, 4; Rob. 610). Also πόλεμον ποιεῖν (Gen 14:2; 1 Ch 5:19) 11:7; 12:17; 13:7 (Da 7:21 Theod.); 19:19. ζητεῖν μ. τινος deliberate or dispute w. someone J 16:19; cp. 3:25 (cp. ApcEsdr 2:6 δικάζου μεθʼ ἡμῶν). κρίνεσθαι go to law w. someone 1 Cor 6:6. κρίματα ἔχειν μ. τινος have lawsuits w. someone vs. 7.

ⓓ of any other relation betw. persons, whether already existing or brought about in some manner εἶδον τὸ παιδίον μ. Μαρίας Mt 2:11. ἀνταποδοῦναι ὑμῖν ἄνεσιν μ. ἡμῶν 2 Th 1:7. ἐκδέχομαι αὐτὸν μ. τῶν ἀδελφῶν 1 Cor 16:11. Of delegations, composed of several units Mt 22:16; 2 Cor 8:18. συμφωνεῖν Mt 20:2.

ⓔ of things ὧν τὸ αἷμα ἔμιξεν μ. τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν Lk 13:1. Pass. πιεῖν οἶνον μ. χολῆς μεμιγμένον Mt 27:34.

ⓕ to show a close connection betw. two nouns, upon the first of which the main emphasis lies (Thu. 7, 75, 3 λύπη μ. φόβου; Pla., Rep. 9, 591b ἰσχύν τε καὶ κάλλος μετὰ ὑγιείας λαμβάνειν; Ar. 11:2 τόξον ἔχειν μ. φαρέτρας) ἀγάπη μ. πίστεως Eph 6:23. πίστις μ. σωφροσύνης 1 Ti 2:15. εὐσέβεια μ. αὐταρκείας 6:6. Cp. Eph 4:2b; Col 1:11; 1 Ti 1:14. φάρμακον μ. οἰνομέλιτος ITr 6:2.

③ marker of attendant circumstances of someth. that takes place, with

ⓐ of moods, emotions, wishes, feelings, excitement, states of mind or body (Xenophon Eph. 1, 15, 5 μ. ἀδείας; 2, 10, 4 μ. ἐπιμελείας; PAmh II, 133, 11 μετὰ πολλῶν κόπων; PLond II, 358, 8 p. 172 [II A.D.]; SIG index IV p. 445f; LXX [Johannessohn, Präp. 209ff]; En et al.) μ. αἰδοῦς with modesty 1 Ti 2:9. μ. αἰσχύνης with shame (s. αἰσχύνη 2) Lk 14:9. μ. εὐνοίας Eph 6:7. μ. εὐχαριστίας Phil 4:6; 1 Ti 4:3f; cp. Ac 24:3. μετὰ χαρᾶς (2 Macc 15:28; 3 Macc 5:21; 6:34; En 10:16; PsSol 8:16 al.; s. χαρά 1a) 1 Th 1:6; Hb 10:34; 13:17; cp. Phil 2:29. μ. φόβου καὶ τρόμου 2 Cor 7:15; Eph 6:5; Phil 2:12. μ. φόβου καὶ χαρᾶς Mt 28:8. μ. πραΰτητος καὶ φόβου 1 Pt 3:16. μ. παρρησίας (Lev 26:13; 1 Macc 4:18; s. παρρησία 3a) Ac 2:29; 4:29, 31; 28:31; Hb 4:16. μ. πεποιθήσεως 1 Cl 31:3. μ. σπουδῆς (3 Macc 5:24, 27; Mel., P. 12, 80) Mk 6:25; Lk 1:39. μ. ταπεινοφροσύνης Eph 4:2a; cp. Ac 20:19. μ. ὀργῆς (3 Macc 6:23; TestJob 4:4) Mk 3:5. μ. δακρύων in tears (3 Macc 1:16; 4:2; 5:7; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 19 [Stone p. 20]; 14 p. 94, 21 [St. p. 36]; JosAs 28:8; ApcEsdr 6:23; s. δάκρυον) Mk 9:24 v.l.; Hb 5:7; 12:17. μ. εἰρήνης (s. εἰρήνη 1b) Ac 15:33; Hb 11:31.

ⓑ of other accompanying phenomena (Antig. Car. 148 μετὰ φλογὸς καίεσθαι) μ. διωγμῶν though with persecutions Mk 10:30. μ. ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν 1 Ti 4:14. μ. νηστειῶν Ac 14:23. μ. θορύβου (Jos., Ant. 5, 216) 24:18. μ. παρακλήσεως 2 Cor 8:4. μ. παρατηρήσεως Lk 17:20. μ. ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας Ac 27:10 (s. ὕβρις 3). μ. φαντασίας 25:23. μ. δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27 (Just., A I, 50, 1 al. μ. δόξης, D. 132, 1 w. δυνάμεως). μ. ἐξουσίας καὶ ἐπιτροπῆς Ac 26:12 (Jos., Ant. 20, 180 μετʼ ἐξουσίας). μ. βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ ἐξάγειν τινά (s. βραχίων) Ac 13:17. μ. φωνῆς μεγάλης w. a loud voice Lk 17:15 (cp. EpArist 235; 281; JosAs 28:9). μ. σάλπιγγος with a trumpet call Mt 24:31 (Plut., Mor. 1135f μετʼ αὐλῶν=with the sound of flutes). σφραγίσαντες τ. λίθον μετὰ τ. κουστωδίας makes the stationing of the guard an accompaniment to the sealing of the stone Mt 27:66 (another possibility here is the instrumental use of μετά [Lycurgus the orator 124 μ. παραδειγμάτων διδάσκειν; SEG VIII, 246, 8 μετὰ κυνῶν—an instrument of torture—βασανίσαι; CWessely, Neue griech. Zauberpap. 1893, 234 γράφε μ. μέλανος; 2 Macc 6:16]: secure the stone by means of a guard; s. σφραγίζω 1).

ⓒ of concrete objects, which serve as equipment (Appian, Maced. 9 §4 μετὰ χρυσῶν στεφάνων; POxy 123, 15; 19 μετὰ τῶν χλαμύδων εἰσβῆναι; 1 Esdr 5:57; Jdth 15:13; TestJob 24:10 μ. ψαλίδος; JosAs 7:4 μ. χρυσίου καὶ ἀργύριου; ParJer 9:31 μ. πολλῶν λίθων; ApcSed 7:10 μ. χαλιναρίου; ApcMos 40 μ. τῶν σινδόνων) μ. μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων Mt 26:47; 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:52. μ. φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων καὶ ὅπλων (Xenophon Eph. p. 336, 20 μ. λαμπάδων) J 18:3.

B. w. acc. In our lit. only in the mng. after, behind

① marker of position that is behind someth., behind (Hom.+; Polyb.; Just., A I, 13, 4; Tat. 2, 2; not LXX) μ. τὸ δεύτερον καταπέτασμα behind the second curtain Hb 9:3.

② marker of time after another point of time, after (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX)

ⓐ with the time expressly given μ. πολὺν χρόνον (2 Macc 6:1.—μετʼ οὐ πολὺν χρ.: Hero Alex. I p. 340, 6; SIG 1169, 54; Jos., Vi. 407) Mt 25:19. μ. τοσοῦτον χρόνον (4 Macc 5:7; ParJer 5:18) Hb 4:7. μ. χρόνον τινά (Diod S 9, 10, 2; Witkowski 26, 9 [III B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 8, 398; cp. En 106:1 μ. δὲ χρόνον; ApcSed 13:3 μ. χρόνον) Hv 1, 1, 2f; Hs 5, 2, 5; 9, 13, 8. μ. ἡμέρας ἕξ after six days Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2 (ApcMos 42 μ. τὰς ἓξ ἡμέρας). μ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 5; Polyaenus 6, 53; 8, 62; EpArist 301; TestJob 52:1f; 53:7; ParJer 9:14; Jos., Ant 7, 280) Mt 27:63; Mk 8:31; 10:34; Lk 2:46; cp. μ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας AcPlCor 2:30. μ. δύο ἡμέρας Mt 26:2; Mk 14:1 (cp. Caesar, Bell. Gall. 4, 9, 1 post tertiam diem=on the third day). μ. τινας ἡμέρας Ac 15:36; 24:24. μετʼ οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας (Artem. 1, 78 p. 72, 30; Jos., Ant. 5, 328, Vi. 309) Lk 15:13. οὐ μ. πολλὰς ταύτας ἡμέρας not long after these days = within a few days Ac 1:5 (B-D-F §226; 433, 3; Rob. 612; 1158; Dssm., ZVS 45, 1913, 60). W. gen. foll. μ. ἡμέρας εἴκοσι τῆς προτέρας ὁράσεως twenty days after the former vision Hv 4, 1, 1 (cp. Biogr. p. 31 μετὰ ξ´ ἔτη τοῦ Ἰλιακοῦ πολέμου; Gen 16:3). μ. τρεῖς μῆνας Ac 28:11. μ. τρία ἔτη Gal 1:18. ὁ μ. τετρακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονὼς νόμος 3:17.

ⓑ w. designations that are general, but include the idea of time: μ. τὴν ἄφιξίν μου Ac 20:29. μ. τὸ πάσχα after the Passover 12:4. μ. τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος Mt 1:12.

ⓒ gener. μ. τὴν θλῖψιν after the (time of) tribulation Mk 13:24; cp. μ. τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων Mt 24:29. μ. τὴν ἔγερσιν 27:53. μ. τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν Ac 13:15. μ. τὸ βάπτισμα 10:37. μ. μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν Tit 3:10. μ. τὸ ψωμίον after he had eaten the piece of bread J 13:27.—Quite gener. μ. τοῦτο after this, afterward (Lucian, Hermot. 31; Gen 18:5; Lev 14:19; EpArist 258; TestJob 11:4; TestReub 1:9; TestLevi 6:3; Just., D. 57, 4) J 2:12; 11:7, 11; 19:28; Hb 9:27; Rv 7:1. μ. ταῦτα after this (Aeneas Tact. 240; 350; Diod S 1, 7, 1; Ex 3:20; 11:8 and oft.; TestJob 21:4; TestLevi 6:5; TestJos 19:5; JosAs 10:15; ParJer 3:10; ApcEsdr 4:36; ApcMos 2; Just., A I, 32, 6) Mk 16:12; Lk 5:27; 10:1 and oft. μ. οὐ πολύ (Dio Chrys. 56 [73], 8; Lucian, Scyth. 1; Herodian 1, 9, 7; BGU 614, 14; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 96 II, 9; 1 Esdr 3:22; Jos., Ant. 12, 132) not long afterward Ac 27:14. μ. μικρόν a short while afterward Mt 26:73; Mk 14:70 (Just., D. 56, 17). Also μ. βραχύ Lk 22:58 (cp. μετʼ ὀλίγον: Lucian, Dial, Mort. 15, 3; PRyl 77, 41; Wsd 15:8; Jdth 13:9; TestAbrA 7 p. 84, 8 [Stone p. 16]; GrBar 9:3; Jos., Ant. 12, 136; 10:15; Just., D. 56, 18).

ⓓ w. subst. aor. inf. foll.

α. w. acc. (SIG 633, 105; 640, 13; 695, 78; 1233, 1; Sir 46:20; Jdth 16:25; Bar 1:9; 1 Macc 1:1, 9; TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 11 [Stone p. 80]; 117, 5 [St. p. 82]; TestJob 5:2; TestLevi 18:1; ApcMos 1; Just., A I, 50, 12.—B-D-F §406, 3; Rob. 979) μ. τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με after I am raised up Mt 26:32; Mk 14:28. μ. τὸ παραδοθῆναι τὸν Ἰωάννην after John was arrested Mk 1:14.—Ac 1:3; 7:4; 10:41; 15:13; 19:21; 20:1; Hv 2, 1, 3; m 4, 1, 7; Hs 8, 1, 3; 8, 2, 5.

β. without acc. (Aelian, VH 12, 1 p. 118, 27; Herodian 2, 9, 5; SIG 976, 39; UPZ 110, 193 [164 B.C.]; Sir 23:20; 32:18 v.l.; 1 Macc 1:20; ApcMos 26:42f; Just., A I, 14, 1; Tat. 16, 1) μ. τὸ λαλῆσαι αὐτοῖς after he had spoken to them Mk 16:19.—Lk 12:5; 1 Cor 11:25; Hb 10:26.—W. perf. inf. 10:15.—M-M. EDNT. TW.

μέτοχος, ον (s. μετέχω and prec. entry; Eur., Hdt. et al.; pap, LXX, En; TestBenj 2:5)

① sharing/participating in, as adj. w. gen. of the pers. or thing (Hdt. 3, 52; Pr 29:10; EpArist 207; SibOr 12, 174; Iren. 1, 13, 1 [Harv. I 118, 1]; Theoph. Ant. 3, 30 [p. 268, 21]) κλήσεως ἐπουρανίου sharing in a heavenly calling Hb 3:1. In the Lord’s discipline 12:8. In the Holy Spirit 6:4. In the promises 1 Cl 34:7. Share in prayer IEph 11:2. μ. εἶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ you share in his sin Hm 4, 1, 9.—μ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ sharing in Christ (cp. Kaibel 654, 5 πρόσθεν μὲν θνητή, νῦν δὲ θεῶν μέτοχος) Hb 3:14. But perh. this pass. belongs under 2.

② subst. ὁ μ. (business) partner, companion (Ps.-Demosth. 61, 31; PPetr III, 37a II, 7 [259 B.C.]; BGU 1123, 4; BASP XXXIII p. 131 ln. 5 of ‘associate’ census clerks [189 A.D.]; et al. pap; En 104:6; TestBenj 2:5; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 79, 25; Did., Gen. 213, 20 [perh. at 1 above]) Lk 5:7 in the business sense common in pap; cp. Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). WWuellner, The Meaning of ‘Fishers of Men’ ’67.—New Docs 1, 84f. DELG s.v. 1 ἔχω. M-M. TW. Spicq.

Πιλᾶτος, ου, ὁ (also-άτος; on the form Πειλᾶτος, which is preferred by Tdf. and W-H., s. Tdf., Proleg. 84f; W-H., app. 155. On the use of the art. w. it W-S. §18, 6d) Pilate (Pontius P.), prefect (on the Lat. insc. var. restored, but here cited accord. to the text in Ehrenberg-Jones no. 369, TIBERIEVM [.. PON]TIVS PILATVS [.... PRAEF]ECTVS IVDA[EA]E, s. Schürer I 358 n. 22; JVardaman, JBL 81, ’62, 70f; Boffo, Iscrizioni no. 25 [lit.]; s. also Mason 142f on the nomenclature) of Judea 26–36 A.D. (s. PHedley, s. lit cited s.v. Φῆλιξ). He played the decisive role in Jesus’ trial and gave the order for his crucifixion. Mt 27:2ff; Mk 15:1ff; Lk 3:1; 13:1 (this is the only place in our lit. where a detail is given fr. his life outside the Passion Narrative. SJohnson, ATR 17, ’35, 91–95; JBlinzler, NovT 2, ’58, 24–49); 23:1ff; J 18:29ff; 19:1ff; Ac 3:13; 4:27; 13:28, 29 D; 1 Ti 6:13 (s. μαρτυρέω 1c); IMg 11; ITr 9:1; ISm 1:2; GPt 1:1; 2:3–5; 8:29, 31; 11:43, 45f, 49. (Cp. Just.; Mel., P. 92, 693.—Non-Christian sources, esp. Tacitus, Ann. 15, 44; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 299–305 based on a letter of Agrippa I; Jos., Bell. 2, 169–77, Ant. 18, 35; 55–64; 85–89; 177.)—Schürer I 383–87, 438–40; HPeter, Pontius Pilatus: NJklA 19, 1907, 1–40; KKastner, Jesus vor Pilatus 1912; MDibelius, ‘Herodes u. Pilatus’: ZNW 16, 1915, 113–26; BEaston, The Trial of Jesus: AJT 19, 1915, 430–52; RHusband, The Prosecution of Jesus 1916; FDoerr (attorney), Der Prozess Jesu in rechtsgesch. Beleuchtung 1920; GBertram, Die Leidensgesch. Jesu u. der Christuskult 1922, 62–72; GLippert (attorney), Pil. als Richter 1923; PRoué, Le procès de Jésus 1924; GRosadi, D. Prozess Jesu 1926, Il processo di Gesù¹⁴ ’33; GAicher, D. Proz. Jesu 1929; MRadin, The Trial of Jes. of Naz. ’31; SLiberty, The Importance of P. P. in Creed and Gosp.: JTS 45, ’44, 38–56; JBlinzler, D. Prozess Jesu⁴ ’69, Münchener Theol. Ztschr. 5, ’54, 171–84.—On Pilate’s wife: EFascher, TLZ 72, ’47, 201–4; AOepke, ibid. 73, ’48, 743–46.—S. also s.v. ἀποκτείνω 1a, and Feigel, Weidel and Finegan s.v. Ἰούδας 6.—EStauffer, Zur Münzprägung u. Judenpolitik des Pontius Pilatus: La Nouvelle Clio 9, ’50, 495–514; EBammell, Syrian Coinage and Pilate: JJS 2, ’51, 108–10.—Pauly-W. XX, 1322f; Kl. Pauly IV 1049; BHHW III 1472f. M-M. s.v. Πειλ. EDNT. TW.