Epikt

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `voluntary, deliberately'

Other forms: (Cret., Locr. Ϝεκών), ἑκοῦσα (Cyren. IV^a ἑκασσα, Cret. Ϝεκαθ\<θ\>α in γεκαθά ἑκοῦσα H.; ἀέκων, Att. ἄ̄κων, ἀέκουσα, ἄ̄κουσα (Dor. ἀέκασσα in \<ἀέ\> κασσα ἄκουσα H.), ἀέκον, ἆκον `unvoluntary, against one's will' (Il.). Cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 252.), ἑκόν;

Derivatives: ἑκούσιος "to somebody who wants", i. e. `from free will, voluntary' (Ion. Att.) with ἑκουσιότης (late), ἑκουσιάζομαι `sacrifice voluntarily' with ἑκουσιασμός `vol. sacrifice' (LXX); ἀεκούσιος, ἀκούσιος `unvol., unfree, forced' (Ion. Att.; on ἑκών, ἄκων beside ἑκούσιος, ἀκούσιος Schwyzer-Debrunner 180.); - ἑκοντ-ί, - ήν, - ηδόν `vol.' (postclass.; Schwyzer 623), ἑκοντής m. `volunteer' (Epikt.), as ἐθελοντής, cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 175 Zus. 1; - Denomin. ptc. ἀεκαζόμενος (Od., h. Cer.), (Wackernagel IF 45, 314 n. 2 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1254 n. 2).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1135] *u̯eḱ- `to will, want'

Etymology: Old participle (cf. Wackernagel Syntax 1, 283 and 286), identical with Skt. uś-ánt-, f. uś-at-ī́ (: ἑκασσα \< *Ϝεκ-ατ-ι̯ᾰ) except the stemvowel (on spir. asper Schwyzer 227); the Greek full grade from in the lost indicative *Ϝέκ-μι = Hitt. u̯ek-mi, Skt. váś-mi `I want, desire'. - Vgl. ἑκάεργος, ἕνεκα and ἕκητι. The origin of ἕκα- (*u̯eḱnt-?) is not certain.

Page in Frisk: 1,479

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `zeal, emulation, jealousy' (Hes. Op. 195).

Other forms: Dor. ζᾶλος (late also n.; cf. ὄνειδος, μῖσος a. o.; s. Schwyzer 521, Schwyzer-Debrunner 38)

Compounds: As 1. member in ζηλό-τυπος `formed by zeal, jealous' with - τυπέω, - τυπία (Att.); often as 2. member, e. g. ἄ-, κακό-ζηλος, Dor. Πολύ-ζαλος PN.

Derivatives: ζηλήμων `jealous' (ε 118, Call., Opp.; after the adj. in - ήμων, s. Chantraine Form.173; diff. Specht KZ 59, 51) with ζηλημοσύνη (Q. S.); ζηλαῖος `id.' (AP); ζηλοσύνη = ζῆλος (h. Ap. 100; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 227); ζήλη f. `female rival' (X. Eph. 2, 112, Aristaenet. 1, 25 codd.). Denomin. verbs: 1. ζηλόω `vie with, emulate' (IA since Hes. Op. 23) with ζήλωσις `emulation, jealousy' (Th.), ζήλωμα `emulation, happiness' (E., D.), ζηλωτής `emulator, admirer', "zealot" (Att., hell.), - ωτικός `emulating' (Arist.); 2. ζᾱλέω `be sealous for' (Delphi I^a); 3. ζηλεύω = ζηλόω (Demokr. 55 [v. l.], Simp. in Epikt. [VI^p]), - ευτής (Eust.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [506] * ieh₂- `be excited, revenge'

Etymology: Perh. to ζητέω, s. v.), δίζημαι (s. v.); uncertain. Several hypotheses in Bq, and Pok. 501.

Page in Frisk: 1,612-613

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `sting' (Pi.).

Other forms: aor. κένσαι (Ψ 337), κεντῆσαι (Hp., κέντᾱσα Theoc. 19, 1), pass. κεντηθῆναι (Arist.) with κεντηθήσομαι (Hdt.), κεντήσω (S.), κεκέντημαι (Hp.),

Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. κατα-, παρα-, ἀπο-, δια-,

Derivatives: 1. κένσαι for *κέντ-σαι (Schwyzer 287) points to κεντ- (present or aorist?; s. below) of which the dental before dental gave κεσ-. Thus κεσ-τός (\< *κεντ-τός) `stitched' (ep.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 17); κέσ-τρον `pointed iron ' (Plin.) with κεστρωτός and κέστρωσις (H.; *κεστρόω), κέσ-τρος `kind of arrow etc.' (Plb., D. H., H.) with dimin. κεστρίον (Attica) and κέστρειον `stock of arrows (?)' (Delos III^a); κέσ-τρα f. `sharp hammer, arrow' (S., Ph. Bel., Hero), also a fishname = σφύραινα (Ar.; after te form of the body, Strömberg Fischnamen 35); here κεστρεύς `mullet' (IA.; Bosshardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 51) and κεστρῖνος, - ινίσκος `id.' (Com.). - 2. Through reshaping after κεντ-έω (not with ρο-suffix as Fraenkel KZ 42, 118 n. 1) rose κέντρον `sting', as geometrical term. techn. `resting bone of a compass, center of a cirkel' (Il.), with many compounds and derivv., e. g. κεντρ-ηνεκής `driven by the sting' (Il.; cf. with diff. function δουρ-, ποδ-ηνεκής); subst. κέντρων s. v.; adj. like κεντρικός, κεντρώδης, κεντρήεις; fish- and plant names as κεντρίνης, κεντρίσκος, κεντρίτης (Strömberg Fischnamen 47, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 83, 111); denomin. verbs κεντρόω `with a sting, sting' (IA), κεντρίζω `sting' (X.); from κέντρον as backformation κέντωρ m. `goader, driver' (Il., AP; Fraenkel Glotta 2, 32). - 3. From κεντέω ( κεντῆ-σαι, - σω): κέντημα `the sting, the mosaic' (Arist., inscr. Smyrna [Rom. Emp.]), κεντητής `mosaic-worker' ( Edict. Diocl.), κεντητήριον `picker' (Luc.), κεντητικός `stingy' (Thphr.), κεντητός `stitched, with mosaic' (Epikt., pap.). - 4. With old ablaut κοντός m. "the stinger", `pole, crutch, staf to drive on cattle' (ι 487; LW [loanword] Lat. contus with percontor) with κοντά-κιον, - άριον, - ίλος, - ωτός a. o.; here κοντός `short' (Adam.) from κοντο-μάχος, - βόλος, - βολέω, where κοντός was taken as `short'; thus in κοντο-πορεία (Plb.), s. Hatzidakis Festschrift Kretschmer 35ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] *ḱent- `sting'

Etymology: To the sigmatic aorist κένσαι \< *κέντ-σαι was after unknown example a present κεντ-έω created (cf. Schwyzer 706), to which came κεντῆ-σαι, κεντή-σω etc. - Other languages have only isolated nominal formations: OHG hantag `pointed', deriv. from PGm. * handa- (formally = κοντός), Latv. sīts `hunting spear' (= Lith. *šiñtas \< IE. *ḱentos- n.?), and some Celtic words, e. g. Bret. kentr `spur', Welsh cethr `nail', but these are all prob. loans from Lat. centrum. - See W.-Hofmann 2, 423, Pok. 567.

Page in Frisk: 1,820-821

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `wrath', esp. of gods, Manes, of Achilleus etc. (Il.).

Other forms: Dor. μᾶνις, - ιος, - ιδος

Compounds: As 2. member in ἔμ-μανις `filled with wrath' (Cret.; on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 113).

Derivatives: μηνίω, Dor. μανίω, aor. - ῖσαι, rarely with ἀπο-, ἐπι- ( ἀντι-, ἐκ-), `rage' (Il., Hdt., hell.) with μήνι-μα n. `(reason for) wrath' (Il.), - θμός `raging' (P 62, 202, 282); also μηνιάω `id.' (LXX, D. H.; on the formation Schwyzer 732 m. A. 4) with μηνίαμα (LXX); enlargements - ιάζω (Et. Gud.), - ίζω (An. Ox.) with - ισμα (Iolkos III^a). From μῆνις ( μηνίω?) also μηνίτης (- τής?) m. `a man filled with rage' (Arr. Epikt.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Etymology unknown. Against identification with Lat. mānēs `the separted souls' (Ehrlich KZ 41, 294 f.), with ἔμ-μᾱνις = im-mānis `horrible, terrible' (Jacobsthal IF 21 Beih. 140f.), W.-Hofmann s. mānēs. The explanation from *μνᾱ-νις (to μέμνημαι; Schwyzer RhM 80, 213ff., Gramm. 260) is doubted by Schwyzer himself (Gramm. 495 A. 8); instead connection with μαιμάω is suggested. The semantically obvious connection with μένος a. cogn. (and with μένω?; Curtius, Irmscher Götterzorn 5ff.) is impossible because of the ᾱ-vowel; attempt at explanation ("aus Gründen der Verschleierung") by Porzig Satzinhalte 352; diff. still Pagliaro (s. Belardi Doxa 3, 213). -- Details on the meaning and formation in Frisk Eranos 44, 28ff.; also Porzig Satzinhalte 147, 187f., 237; on the vocalism Björck Alpha impurum 177 f.; on μηνίτης also Radermacher RhM 63, 444ff. So no explanation.

Page in Frisk: 2,229

σίφαρος ( σεί-)

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `top-, topgallant sail' (Arr.), `curtain in the theater' (Ephesos).

Other forms: Also σῑ́παρος (v.l. Arr. Epikt. 3, 2, 18)

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Technical word without etymology. To be rejected Brugmann IF 39, 144: reinforcing σι- (s. Σίσυφος) and φᾶρος, φάρος `woven cloth, cloth, garment'. Hommel (by letter) thinks of Sem. šap<sup>e</sup>rīr, Assyr. šuparraru `spread out'. -- Lat. LW [loanword] sīp(h)arum, - rium; cf. W.-Hofmann s. supparum. -- Furnée 163.

Page in Frisk: 2,712

αἴσθησις, εως, ἡ (Pre-Socr., Eur. et al.; Epict., Herm. Wr.; LXX, esp. Pr; Philo; Jos., Bell. 7, 69, C. Ap. 2, 178; Test12Patr; SibOr Fgm. 3, 23; Just.; Mel., Fgm. 2; Ath., R. 56, 17 al.)

① capability of being affected by external stimuli, perception, sensation (EpArist 213) Dg 2:9 (w. λογισμός ‘reasoning’).

② capacity to understand, discernment (cp. Iren. 1, 15, 2 [Harv. I 149, 3]) denoting moral understanding (cp. αἰσθητήριον and ABonhöffer, Epikt. u. d. NT 1911, 105), beside ἐπίγνωσις, ‘insight’: περισσεύειν ἐν … πάσῃ αἰσθήσει εἰς τὸ … abound in insight and thorough discernment, so that … Phil 1:9.—B 1020. DELG s.v. 1. ἀί̈ω. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἐλεέω fut. ἐλεήσω; 1 aor. ἠλέησα, impv. ἐλέησον. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐλεηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠλεήθην; pf. pass. ptc. ἠλεημένος (s. ἔλεος; Hom.+) to be greatly concerned about someone in need, have compassion/mercy/pity τινά on or for someone (Diod S 12, 30, 4; 20, 4, 6 τοὺς πολίτας; PCairZen 145, 12 [256 B.C.]; UPZ 78, 24 [159 B.C.]; PFay 106, 16 [II A.D.] ἀξιῶ σε ἐλεῆσαί με; PFlor 378, 3; TestJob; Philo) Hv 1, 3, 2. τὸν σύνδουλον Mt 18:33. Abs. feel pity MPol 2:2. Esp. show mercy to someone, help someone (out of compassion) Mt 9:27; 15:22; 17:15; 20:30f (on κύριε ἐλέησον cp. Epict. 2, 7, 12 [TZahn, D. Stoiker Epikt. u. s. Verh. z. Christentum² 1895, 46f; FDölger, Sol salutis 1920, 62f]; Ps 6:3; 9:14 al.; EPeterson, Εἷς θεός 1926, 164–67; Achilles Tat. 3, 5, 4 ἐλέησον δέσποτα Πόσειδον; Jos., Ant. 9, 64 δέσποτα ἐλέησον); Mk 10:47f; Lk 16:24; 17:13; 18:38f; D 2:7; do acts of compassion Ro 12:8; τινά to someone (Chariton 1, 9, 5; Celsus 2, 71) ApcPt 15:30; B 20:2; D 5:2. Of God’s mercy (Epici p. 43 B.=p. 20 K.: Cypria Fgm. 1, 3 Ζεὺς ἐλέησε; Hes., astron. Fgm. 182 Rz.: Ἥφαιστος; Phanodemus [IV B.C.]: 325 Fgm. 14b Jac.: Artemis; Menand., Epitr. 855, 874 S. [535, 554 Kö.] θεῶν τις ὑμᾶς ἠλέησε; Diod S 24, 12, 2 δαιμονίου ἐλεήσαντος; UPZ 78, 24 [159 B.C.] of Isis, the θεὰ θεῶν: ἐλέησον τὰς διδύμας; Jos., Ant. 11, 1; SibOr 3, 628); Mk 5:19; Phil 2:27; Ro 9:15 (Ex 33:19), 16, 18; 11:32; 1 Cl 18:2 (Ps 50:3); 59:4; 2 Cl 1:7; B 3:5 (on the acc. of the thing cp. Diod S 18, 25, 2); Dg 9:2; AcPlCor 1:6. Pass. find or be shown mercy (PsSol 7:6; 15:13; ὑπὸ κυρίου 16:15; Appian, Hann. 28 §119 ἐλεεῖσθαι ὑπό τινος, Bell. Civ. 4, 13 §52) Mt 5:7; Ro 11:30f; 1 Ti 1:13, 16; IEph 12:1; 1 Cl 56:16. οἱ οὐκ ἠλεημένοι νῦν δὲ ἐλεηθέντες who once had not found mercy, but now have found it 1 Pt 2:10. Of a congregation ἠλεημένη that has found mercy (cp. Hos 1:6) IRo ins; IPhld ins; ISm ins; receive as a gracious gift, be favored with ἠλεημένος ὑπὸ κυρίου πιστὸς εἶναι (Herm. Wr. 13, 7 ἐλεηθεὶς ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ) 1 Cor 7:25; cp. 2 Cor 4:1; IRo 9:2; IPhld 5:1. Also s. ἐλεάω.—DELG s.v. ἔλεος. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq.

ἐλευθερία, ας, ἡ (Pind., Hdt.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo, Joseph.; Just., D. 1, 5; Tat. 7, 1; Mel., P. 49, 353; 68, 490) the state of being free, freedom, liberty (for a Hellenic perspective Dio Chrys. 30 and 80; opp. δουλεία: Jos., Bell. 7, 255) 2 Pt 2:19; IPol 4:3; Hs 5, 2, 7. Esp. of freedom which stands in contrast to constraint of the Mosaic law, looked upon as slavery Gal 2:4; 5:1 (τῇ ἐ. dat. of advantage for freedom. KRengstorf, TLZ 76, ’51, 659–62). In contrast to legal serfdom, Js 1:25 refers to νόμος τ. ἐλευθερίας (FNötscher, Vom AT zum NT, ’62, 80–122 [Qumran]); 2:12 (on both Js-passages s. EStauffer, TLZ 77, ’52, 527–32).—In gener. of the liberty of a Christian (cp. Philo, Conf. Lingu. 94, Migr. Abr. 25, Rer. Div. Her. 124; 273; 275) 1 Cor 10:29; 2 Cor 3:17. ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ καλεῖσθαι be called for freedom (=to be free; cp. Plut., Sulla 9, 14; SIG² 845, 4; 8; BGU 1141, 24 [14 B.C.].—Lucian, Sat. 9 ἐπὶ τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ ζῶμεν) Gal 5:13a (s. καλέω 4). This freedom must not degenerate into license (Iren. 4, 37, 4 [Harv. II 288, 11]; cp. 4, 39, 3 [Harv. II 300, 4]) vs. 13b; 1 Pt 2:16. In contrast to the slavery of corruption stands the ἐ. τῆς δόξης τῶν τέκνων τοῦ θεοῦ the glorious freedom of God’s children Ro 8:21.—JWeiss, D. christl. Freih. nach der Verkünd. des Ap. Pls 1902; ABonhöffer, Epiktet u. d. NT 1911, 164; RBultmann, ZNW 13, 1912, 97ff; 177ff (esp. 100ff), Theol. des NT ’48, 326–48, Theology of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, I 330–45; OSchmitz, D. Freiheitsged. b. Epikt. u. d. Freiheitszeugnis d. Pls 1923; Mich. Müller, Freiheit: ZNW 25, 1926, 177–236; KDeissner, Autorität u. Freiheit im ältesten Christentum ’31; WBrandt, Freiheit im NT ’32; EGulin, D. Freiheit in d. Verk. d. Pls.: ZST 18, ’41, 458–81; EFuchs, D. Freiheit des Glaubens (Ro 5–8) ’49; HWedell, Idea of Freedom … in Paul: ATR 32, ’50, 204–16; AWilder, Eleutheria in the NT, Ecumenical Review (Geneva) 13, ’61, 409–20; KNiederwimmer, D. Begriff d. Freiheit im NT, ’66; idem, EDNT I 432–34; DNestle, Eleutheria, I: Die Griechen, ’67; MPohlenz, Freedom in Greek Life and Thought, 1900, esp. 170–74.—RAC VIII 269–306.—DELG s.v. ἐλεύθερος. M-M. TW. Sv.