Darśanas

dārṡanika

ny-āyá

i.e. an original type, standard, method, rule, (esp.) a general orﾠ universal rule, model, axiom, system, plan, manner, right orﾠ fit manner orﾠ way, fitness, propriety TS. Br. Mn. MBh. etc.
( nyāyena andﾠ - yāt ind. either « in the right manner, regularly, duly», orﾠ ifc. « after the manner of, by way of»);
a lawsuit, legal proceeding, judicial sentence, judgment Mṛicch. Pañc. ;
a logical orﾠ syllogistic argument orﾠ inference (consisting of a combination of enthymeme andﾠ syllogism, andﾠ so having, according to the Naiyāyikas 5 members, viz. pratijñā, hetu, udāharaṇa, upanaya, nigamana, orﾠ according to the Vedāntins 3 members);
a system of philosophy delivered by Gotama orﾠ Gautama (it is one of the six darṡanas q.v., andﾠ is perhaps so called, because it « goes into» all subjects physical andﾠ metaphysical according to the above syllogistic method treated of in one division of the system;
its branch is called Vaiṡeshika);
likeness, analogy, a popular maxim orﾠ apposite illustration (cf. kākâ̱kshi-, ghuṇâ̱kshara-, daṇḍâ̱pūpa. etc.);
(am) ind. after a finite verb expresses either censure orﾠ repetition Pāṇ. 8-1, 27.

veda

N. of certain celebrated works which constitute the basis of the first period of the Hindū religion (these works were primarily three, viz.
1. the Ṛig-veda,
2. the Yajur-veda
<of which there are, however, two divisions seeﾠ taittirīya-saṉhitā, vājasaneyi-saṉhitā>,
3. the Sāma-veda;
these three works are sometimes called collectively trayī,
« the triple Vidyā» orﾠ « threefold knowledge», but the Ṛig-veda is really the only original work of the three, andﾠ much the most ancient
<the oldest of its hymns being assigned by some who rely on certain astronomical calculations to a period between 4000 andﾠ 2500 B.C., before the settlement of the Āryans in India;
andﾠ by others who adopt a different reckoning to a period between 1400 andﾠ 1000 B.C., when the Āryans had settled down in the Panjāb>;
subsequently a fourth Veda was added, called the Atharva-veda, which was probably not completely accepted till after Manu, as his law-book often speaks of the three Vedas-calling them trayambrahmasanātanam, « the triple eternal Veda»,
but only once XI, 33 mentions the revelation made to Atharvan andﾠ Aṇgiras, without, however, calling it by the later name of Atharva-veda;
each of the four Vedas has two distinct parts,
viz. 1. Mantra, i.e. words of prayer andﾠ adoration often addressed either to fire orﾠ to some form of the sun orﾠ to some form of the air, sky, wind etc.,
andﾠ praying for health, wealth, long life, cattle, offspring, victory, andﾠ even forgiveness of sins, andﾠ 2. Brāhmaṇa, consisting of Vidhi andﾠ Artha-vāda,
i.e. directions for the detail of the ceremonies at which the Mantras were to be used andﾠ explanations of the legends etc. connected with the Mantras
< seeﾠ brāhmaṇa, vidhi>, both these portions being termed ṡruti, revelation orally communicated by the Deity, andﾠ heard but not composed orﾠ written down by men <cf. I. W. 24 etc.. >,
although it is certain that both Mantras andﾠ Brāhmaṇas were compositions spread over a considerable period, much of the latter being comparatively modern;
as the Vedas are properly three, so the Mantras are properly of three forms,
1. Ṛic, which are verses of praise in metre, andﾠ intended for loud recitation;
2. Yajus, which are in prose, andﾠ intended for recitation in a lower tone at sacrifices;
3. Sāman., which are in metre, andﾠ intended for chanting at the Soma orﾠ Moon-plant ceremonies, the Mantras of the fourth orﾠ Atharva-veda having no special name;
but it must be borne in mind that the Yajur andﾠ Sāma-veda hymns, especially the latter, besides their own Mantras, borrow largely from the Ṛig-veda;
the Yajur-veda andﾠ Sāma-veda being in fact not so much collections of prayers andﾠ hymns as special prayer- andﾠ hymn-books intended as manuals for the Adhvaryu andﾠ Udgātṛi priests respectively < seeﾠ yajur-veda, sāma-veda>;
the Atharva-veda, on the other hand, is, like the Ṛig-veda, a real collection of original hymns mixed up with incantations, borrowing little from the Ṛig andﾠ having no direct relation to sacrifices, but supposed by mere recitation to produce long life, to cure diseases, to effect the ruin of enemies etc.;
each of the four Vedas seems to have passed through numerous Ṡākhās orﾠ schools, giving rise to various recensions of the text, though the Ṛig-veda is only preserved in the Ṡākala recension, while a second recension, that of the Bhāshkalas, is only known by name;
a tradition makes Vyāsa the compiler andﾠ arranger of the Vedas in their present form:
they each have an Index orﾠ Anukramaṇī <q.v.>, the principal work of this kind being the general Index orﾠ Sarvânukramaṇī <q.v.>;
out of the Brāhmaṇa portion of the Veda grew two other departments of Vedic literature, sometimes included under the general name Veda,
viz. the strings of aphoristic rules, called Sūtras <q.v.>,
andﾠ the mystical treatises on the nature of God andﾠ the relation of soul andﾠ matter, called Upanishad. <q.v.>, which were appended to the Āraṇyakas <q.v.>, andﾠ became the real Veda of thinking Hindūs, leading to the Darṡanas orﾠ systems of philosophy;
in the later literature the name of « fifth Veda» is accorded to the Itihāsas orﾠ legendary epic poems andﾠ to the Purāṇas, andﾠ certain secondary Vedas orﾠ Upa-vedas <q.v.> are enumerated;
the Vedâṇgas orﾠ works serving as limbs < for preserving the integrity> of the Veda are explained under vedâ̱ṅga below:
the only other works included under the head of Veda being the Pariṡishṭas, which supply rules for the ritual omitted in the Sūtras;
in the Bṛihad-āraṇyaka Upanishad. the Vedas are represented as the breathings of Brahmā., while in some of the Purāṇas the four Vedas are said to have issued out of the four mouths of the four-faced Brahmā. andﾠ in the Vishṇu-Purāṇa the Veda andﾠ Vishṇu are identified) RTL. 7 etc.. IW. 5; 24 etc.. ;
N. of the number « four» VarBṛS. ; Srutabh.;
2) m. (fr. 3. vid) finding, obtaining, acquisition ( seeﾠ su-v-);
property, goods ĀṡvGṛ. ;
vedá

4) m. N. of a pupil of Āyoda MBh. ;
(ā) f. N. of a river VP. ;
5) feeling, perception ṠBr. ;
= vṛitta (v.l. vitta) L. (cf. 2. veda)
- वेदकर्तृ
- वेदकविस्वामिन्
- वेदकार
- वेदकारणकारण
- वेदकुम्भ
- वेदकुशल
- वेदकौलेयक
- वेदगत
- वेदगर्भ
- वेदगर्व
- वेदगाथ
- वेदगाम्भीर्य
- वेदग्न्प्त
- वेदगुप्ति
- वेदगुह्य
- वेदघोष
- वेदचक्षुस्
- वेदजननी
- वेदज्ञ
- वेदतत्त्व
- वेदतत्त्वार्थ
- वेदतात्पर्य
- वेदतैजस
- वेदत्रय
- वेदत्रयी
- वेदत्व
- वेददक्षिणा
- वेददर्शन
- वेददर्शिन्
- वेददल
- वेददान
- वेददीप
- वेददीपिका
- वेददृष्ट
- वेदधर
- वेदधर्म
- वेदधारण
- वेदध्वनि
- वेदनाद
- वेदनिघण्टु
- वेदनिधि
- वेदनिन्दक
- वेदनिन्दा
- वेदनिन्दिन्
- वेदनिर्घोष
- वेदपठितृ
- वेदपथ
- वेदपथिन्
- वेदपददर्पण
- वेदपदस्तव
- वेदपाठ
- वेदपाठक
- वेदपाठिन्
- वेदपादरामायण
- वेदपादशिवस्तोत्र
- वेदपादस्तव
- वेदपादस्तोत्र
- वेदपारग
- वेदपारायणविधि
- वेदपुण्य
- वेदपुरुष
- वेदप्रकाश
- वेदप्रदान
- वेदप्रपद्
- वेदप्रवाद
- वेदप्लाविन्
- वेदफल
- वेदबाहु
- वेदबाह्य
- वेदबीज
- वेदब्रह्मचर्य
- वेदब्राह्मण
- वेदभाग
- वेदभाष्य
- वेदमन्त्र
- वेदमय
- वेदमातृ
- वेदमातृका
- वेदमालि
- वेदमाहात्म्य
- वेदमित्र
- वेदमुख
- वेदमुण्ड
- वेदमूर्ति
- वेदमूल
- वेदयज्ञ
- वेदरक्षण
- वेदरहस्य
- वेदरात
- वेदराशि
- वेदलक्षण
- वेदलक्षणसूत्रवृत्ति
- वेदवचन
- वेदवत्
- वेदवदन
- वेदवाक्य
- वेदवाद
- वेदवादिन्
- वेदवास
- वेदवाह
- वेदवाहन
- वेदवाह्य
- वेदविक्रयिन्
- वेदविचार
- वेदवित्त्व
- वेदविद्
- वेदविद्या
- वेदविद्वस्
- वेदविप्लावक
- वेदविलासिनी
- वेदविहित
- वेदवृत्त
- वेदवृद्ध
- वेदवेदाङ्ग
- वेदवैनाशिका
- वेदव्यास
- वेदव्रत
- वेदव्रतिन्
- वेदशब्द
- वेदशाखा
- वेदशास्त्र
- वेदशिर
- वेदशिरस्
- वेदशीर्ष
- वेदश्रवस्
- वेदश्री
- वेदश्रुत
- वेदश्रुति
- वेदसंस्थित
- वेदसंहिता
- वेदसंन्यास
- वेदसंन्यासिक
- वेदसंन्यासिन्
- वेदसमर्थन
- वेदसमाप्ति
- वेदसम्मत
- वेदसम्मित
- वेदसार
- वेदसूक्तभाष्य
- वेदसूत्र
- वेदस्तुति
- वेदस्पर्श
- वेदस्मृता
- वेदस्मृति
- वेदस्मृती
- वेदस्वामिन्
- वेदहीन

ṡrúti

ṡrutiṉvaco'nugāṉ-kṛi, « to listen to a speech») ṠBr. etc. etc.;
the ear, organ orﾠ power of hearing Kāv. VarBṛS. Kathās. ;
the diagonal of a tetragon orﾠ hypothenuse of a triangle Gol.;
that which is heard orﾠ perceived with the ear, sound, noise etc. RV. AV. Prāt. Kathās. BhP. ;
an aggregate of sounds (whether forming a word orﾠ any part of a word) TPrāt. ;
rumour, report, news, intelligence, hearsay ( ṡrutau-sthā, « to be known by hearsay») MBh. Kāv. etc.;
a saying, saw, word MBh. R. BhP. ;
that which has been heard orﾠ communicated from the beginning, sacred knowledge orally transmitted by the Brāhmans from generation to generation, the Veda
(i.e. sacred eternal sounds orﾠ words as eternally heard by certain holy sages called Ṛishis, andﾠ so differing from smṛíti orﾠ what is only remembered andﾠ handed down in writing by human authors seeﾠ Mn. II, 10 ;
it is properly only applied to the Mantra andﾠ Brāhmaṇa portion of the Vedas, although afterwards extended to the Upanishads andﾠ other Vedic works including the Darṡanas;
itiṡruteḥ, « because it is so taught in the Veda, according to a ṡruti orﾠ Vedic text» ;
pl. « sacred texts, the Vedas», alsoﾠ « rites prescribed by the Vedas») AitBr. ṠrS. Mn. MBh. etc.. IW. 144 ;
(in music) a particular division of the octave, a quarter tone orﾠ interval (twenty-two of these are enumerated, four constituting a major tone, three a minor, andﾠ two a semitone;
they are said to be personified as nymphs) Yājñ. Ṡiṡ. Pañcar. ;
a name, title Kāvyâd. II, 331 ;
learning, scholarship Ṡak. VarBṛS. (prob. w.r. for ṡruta);
= buddhi L. ;
N. of a daughter of Atri. andﾠ wife of Kardama VP. ;
2) f. (cf. sruti) course, path (?) RV. II, 2, 7; X, 111, 3 ;
the constellation, Ṡravaṇā L. ;
- श्रुतिकट
- श्रुतिकटु
- श्रुतिकण्ठ
- श्रुतिकथित
- श्रुतिकल्पद्रुम
- श्रुतिकल्पलता
- श्रुतिकीर्ति
- श्रुतिगीता
- श्रुतिगोचर
- श्रुतिचन्द्रिका
- श्रुतिचिकित्सा
- श्रुतिचोदन
- श्रुतिजातिविशारद
- श्रुतिजीविका
- श्रुतितत्त्वनिर्णय
- श्रुतितत्पर
- श्रुतितस्
- श्रुतिता
- श्रुतितात्पर्यनिर्णय
- श्रुतिदुष्ट
- श्रुतिदूषक
- श्रुतिद्वैध
- श्रुतिधर
- श्रुतिनिगदिन्
- श्रुतिनिदर्शन
- श्रुतिपथ
- श्रुतिपाद
- श्रुतिप्रपादिका
- श्रुतिपुराणसंग्रह
- श्रुतिप्रकाशिका
- श्रुतिप्रसादन
- श्रुतिप्रामाण्यतस्
- श्रुतिभास्कर
- श्रुतिमण्डल
- श्रुतिमत्
- श्रुतिमतानुमान
- श्रुतिमय
- श्रुतिमयूर
- श्रुतिमहत्
- श्रुतिमार्ग
- श्रुतिमितप्रकाशिका
- श्रुतिमीमांसा
- श्रुतिमुक्ताफल
- श्रुतिमुख
- श्रुतिमुखरमुख
- श्रुतिमूल
- श्रुतिमृग्य
- श्रुतिरञ्जनी
- श्रुतिरञ्जिनी
- श्रुतिलक्षणप्रायश्चित्त
- श्रुतिवचन
- श्रुतिवर्जित
- श्रुतिवाक्सारसंग्रह
- श्रुतिविक्रायक
- श्रुतिविप्रतिपन्न
- श्रुतिविवर
- श्रुतिविषय
- श्रुतिवेध
- श्रुतिशिरस्
- श्रुतिशील
- श्रुतिसंक्षिप्तवर्णन
- श्रुतिसंग्रह
- श्रुतिसागर
- श्रुतिसार
- श्रुतिसुख
- श्रुतिसूक्तिमाला
- श्रुतिसूत्रतात्पर्यामृत
- श्रुतिस्तुति
- श्रुतिस्फोटा
- श्रुतिस्मृति
- श्रुतिहारिन्

sárva-darṡana

- ṡiromaṇi m. N. of wk.;
- saṉgraha m. « compendium of all the Darṡanas»
N. of a treatise on the various systems of philosophy (not including the Vedûnta) by Mādhavâcārya orﾠ his brother Sāyaṇa IW. 118; 119.