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1 февральский
[fevrál'skij] agg.1.2.◆февральская революция — (stor.) Rivoluzione di Febbraio ( 1917 in Russia)
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2 Salisbury, Harrison Evans
(1908-1993) Солсбери, Харрисон ЭвансЖурналист-международник, публицист, работал корреспондентом агентства ЮПИ [ United Press International] и газеты "Нью-Йорк таймс" [ New York Times]. Автор нескольких книг, в том числе "Американец в России" ["American in Russia"] (1955) - Пулитцеровская премия [ Pulitzer Prize], "По ту сторону: Ханой" ["Behind the Lines - Hanoi"] (1967), "900 дней: блокада Ленинграда" ["The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad"] (1969), "Черный вечер, белый снег: российские революции 1905-1917" ["Black Night, White Snow: Russia's Revolutions 1905-1917"] (1978) и др.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Salisbury, Harrison Evans
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3 Ilyushin, Sergei Vladimirovich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 30 March 1894 Dilyalevo, Vologda, Russiad. 9 February 1977 Moscow, Russia[br]Russian aircraft designer.[br]In 1914 he joined the Russian army, later transferring to the air service and gaining his pilot's licence in 1917. After fighting in the Red Army during the Civil War, he entered the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy in Moscow in 1922, graduating four years later. He joined the Engineering Technical Corps of the Red Air Force as a designer and eventually rose to the rank of Lieutenant-General. His first design success was the 1936 DB-3 two-engined bomber, which broke several world air records. In April 1938 he was injured in a forced landing that resulted in a permanently scarred forehead. His most significant design contribution during 1939ö45 was undoubtedly the Il-2 Stormovik ground-attack aircraft. This entered service in 1941 and was distinguished by the high degree of armoured protection afforded to the crew, enabling them to operate at very low levels above ground. It was also increasingly well armed and was known by the Germans as der schwarze Tod (Black Death). After the war Ilyushin concentrated primarily on four-engined airliners, producing the Il-12 (1946), Il-14 (1954) and Il-18 (1957), but also designed the Soviet Union's first jet bomber, the Il-28. In 1948 he became Professor at the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsDeputy to the Supreme Soviet 1937. Hero of Socialist Labour 1941, and two further awards of this. Order of Lenin. Winner of seven Stalin Prizes.CMBiographical history of technology > Ilyushin, Sergei Vladimirovich
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4 Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 25 May 1889 Kiev, Ukrained. 26 October 1972 Easton, Connecticut, USA[br]Russian/American pioneer of large aeroplanes, flying boats, and helicopters.[br]Sikorsky trained as an engineer but developed an interest in aviation at the age of 19 when he was allowed to spend several months in Paris to meet French aviators. He bought an Anzani aero-engine and took it back to Russia, where he designed and built a helicopter. In his own words, "It had one minor technical problem—it would not fly—but otherwise it was a good helicopter".Sikorsky turned to aeroplanes and built a series of biplanes: by 1911 the 5–5 was capable of flights lasting an hour. Following this success, the Russian-Baltic Railroad Car Company commissioned Sikorsky to build a large aeroplane. On 13 May 1913 Sikorsky took off in the Grand, the world's first four-engined aeroplane. With a wing span of 28 m (92 ft) it was also the world's largest, and was unique in that the crew were in an enclosed cabin with dual controls. The even larger Ilia Mourometz flew the following year and established many records, including the carriage of sixteen people. During the First World War many of these aircraft were built and served as heavy bombers.Following the revolution in Russia during 1917, Sikorsky emigrated first to France and then the United States, where he founded his own company. After building the successful S-38 passenger-carrying amphibian, the Sikorsky Aviation Corporation became part of the United Aircraft Corporation and went on to produce several large flying boats. Of these, the four-engined S-42 was probably the best known, for its service to Hawaii in 1935 and trial flights across the Atlantic in 1937.In the late 1930s Sikorsky once again turned his attention to helicopters, and on 14 September 1939 his VS-300 made its first tentative hop, with Sikorsky at the controls. Many improvements were made and on 6 May 1941 Sikorsky made a record-breaking flight of over 1½ hours. The Sikorsky design of a single main lifting rotor combined with a small tail rotor to balance the torque effect has dominated helicopter design to this day. Sikorsky produced a long series of outstanding helicopter designs which are in service throughout the world.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1960. Presidential Certificate of Merit 1948. Aeronautical Society Silver Medal 1949.Bibliography1971, "Sixty years in flying", Aeronautical Journal (Royal Aeronautical Society) (November) (interesting and amusing).1938, The Story of the Winged S., New York; 1967, rev. edn.Further ReadingD.Cochrane et al., 1990, The Aviation Careers of Igor Sikorsky, Seattle.K.N.Finne, 1988, Igor Sikorsky: The Russian Years, ed. C.J.Bobrow and V.Hardisty, Shrewsbury; orig. pub. in Russian, 1930.F.J.Delear, 1969, Igor Sikorsky: His Three Careers in Aviation, New York.JDSBiographical history of technology > Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich
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5 legal profession
1) Общая лексика: правоведы, профессия юриста2) Юридический термин: адвокатское сословие, профессия адвоката, юридическая профессия, юрист, юристы3) Реклама: юриспруденция4) юр.Н.П. адвокатская профессия, адвокатство, правозаступники, адвокатура (as distinguished from "bench"), присяжная адвокатура (be fore november 24, 1917), адвокатское сословие (prerevolutionary), сословие адвокатов (prerevolutionary), присяжная адвокатура (was so called in Russia 1860 -1917) -
6 присяжная адвокатура
leg.N.P. legal profession (be fore november 24, 1917), legal profession (was so called in Russia 1860 -1917)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > присяжная адвокатура
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7 brain drain
""утечка мозгов"": Russia suffered a considerable brain drain to the West after 1917 Revolution.—После революции 1917 года из России происходила сильная ""утечка мозгов"".English-Russian slang from the book M. Goldenkova "Caution, hot dog" > brain drain
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8 дореволюционный
[dorevoljuciónnyj] agg. -
9 Herbert, Sir Alfred Edward
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 5 September 1866 Leicester, Englandd. 26 May 1957 Kings Somborne, Hampshire, England[br]English mechanical engineer and machine-tool manufacturer.[br]Alfred Herbert was educated at Stoneygate School, Leicester, and served an apprenticeship with Joseph Jessop \& Sons, also of Leicester, from 1881 to 1886. In 1887 he was engaged as Manager of a small engineering firm in Coventry, and before the end of that year he purchased the business in partnership with William Hubbard. They commenced the manufacture of machine-tools especially for the cycle industry. Hubbard withdrew from the partnership in 1890 and Herbert continued on his own account, the firm being established as a limited liability company, Alfred Herbert Ltd, in 1894. A steady expansion of the business continued, especially after the introduction of their capstan lathe, and by 1914 it was the largest manufacturer of machine-tools in Britain. In addition to making machine-tools of all types for the home and export market, the firm acted as an agent for the import of specialist machine-tools from abroad. During the First World War Alfred Herbert was in 1915 appointed head of machine-tool production at the War Office and when the Ministry of Munitions was set up he was transferred to that Ministry as Controller of Machine Tools. He was President of the Machine Tools Trades Association from 1919 to 1934. He was elected a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1892 and in 1921 was a founder member of the Institution of Production Engineers. Almost to the end of his long life he continued to take an active part in the direction of his company. He expressed his views on current events affecting industry in the technical press and in his firm's house journal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKBE 1917. Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1917. Order of St Stanislas of Russia 1918. Order of Leopold of Belgium 1918. Freeman of the City of Coventry 1933. President, Institution of Production Engineers 1927–9. Honorary Member, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1941.Bibliography1948, Shots at the Truth, Coventry (a selection of his speeches and writings).Further ReadingD.J.Jeremy (ed.), 1984–6, Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. 3, London, pp. 174–7 (a useful account).Obituary, 1957, Engineering, 183:680.RTSBiographical history of technology > Herbert, Sir Alfred Edward
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10 bow down
bow down а) склонять(ся) The apple tree was bowed down with the weight ofits fruit. б) заставлять кого-л. страдать Aunt Helen spent years bowed downwith grief after the death of her husband. в) ограничивать свободу кого-л.строгим политическим контролем The people of Russia before 1917 were boweddown by the cruelty of the ruling powers. г) признать поражение We shall neverbow down to our enemies. -
11 оседлость
ж. ист.черта оседлости — "risevra" ebrea (zone in cui era concessa la residenza agli ebrei in Russia prima del 1917) -
12 the Old New Year
Общая лексика: старый новый год (based on the Julian calendar, which was observed in Russia before 1917) -
13 старый новый год
1) General subject: the Old New Year (based on the Julian calendar, which was observed in Russia before 1917), Russian Old New Year2) Colloquial: the old style new year (Новый год по старому стилю (14 января) the New Year according to the Julian calendar (January 14)) -
14 корнет
м воен истalferes da cavalaria ( na Rússia antes de 1917); муз ( инструмент) corneta f -
15 оседлость
ж. ист.черта осе́длости — "risevra" ebrea ( zone in cui era concessa la residenza agli ebrei in Russia prima del 1917)
* * *ngener. sedentarietà, vita sedentaria -
16 Goldman, Emma
(1869-1940) Голдман, ЭммаИзвестная анархистка по прозвищу "Красная Эмма" [Red Emma]. В молодости иммигрировала в США из России, работала на заводе, увлеклась философией анархизма. Прославилась выступлениями в защиту приговоренных к смертной казни лидеров Хеймаркетской бойни [ Haymarket Massacre]. Когда ее любовник А. Беркман, лидер анархистов США, был приговорен к тюремному заключению за покушение на промышленника Г. К. Фрика [ Frick, Henry Clay], возглавила движение, агитируя за ликвидацию частной собственности, эксплуатации рабочей силы, а также института брака. Трижды попадала в тюрьму за подстрекательство к бунту, пропаганду противозачаточных средств и сопротивление призыву в армию [ draft] (в 1893, 1916 и 1917). В декабре 1919 была депортирована из США в Россию, жила в Канаде и Англии, участвовала в гражданской войне в Испании. Автор ряда книг, в том числе "Анархизм и другие эссе" ["Anarchism and Other Essays"] (1910), "Мое разочарование в России" ["My Disillusionment in Russia"] (1924) и др.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Goldman, Emma
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17 жёлтый
1) ( о цвете) yellow; ( в геральдике) or, gold2) обыкн. пренебр. ( желтокожий - об азиатах) yellow; oriental••жёлтый биле́т ист. — a prostitute's [yellow] passport (issued to prostitutes in Russia prior to 1917; was printed on yellow paper)
жёлтый дом уст. — madhouse
жёлтая вода́ уст. (болезнь глаз) — glaucoma
жёлтая лихора́дка — yellow fever
жёлтая ма́йка ли́дера спорт — yellow jersey
жёлтая пре́сса — yellow press
жёлтые страни́цы (справочник) — yellow pages
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18 исправник
м. ист. -
19 надворный
надво́рные постро́йки — outbuildings, outhouses
••надво́рный сове́тник ист. — court counsellor ( civil service rank in pre-1917 Russia)
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20 охранный
охра́нный лист, охра́нная гра́мота — safeguard, permit for safe passage
охра́нная сигнализа́ция — burglar alarm
охра́нная зо́на воен. — restricted area
охра́нное отделе́ние ист. — Security Department ( in pre-1917 Russia)
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