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  • 21 VAN-

    a prefixed particle denoting lacking, under-, un-.
    * * *
    a particle prefixed to nouns and adverbs, [cp. vanr; Goth. and A. S. wan-, deficient; O. H. G. wana-]:—lacking, wanting: only used as a compd except in the phrase, of og van, or það er of sem van, now too much, now too little.
    B. In COMPDS van- is freq. as a prefixed particle, mostly denoting lacking, slowly, short, not sufficient, under-, but also simply as a negative, much like Gr. δυσ-: van-afla, -afli, adj. weak, waning in strength, Al. 5. Fms. vi. 107, Sks. 590. van-alinn, part. under-fed, Grág. i. 455. van-brúka. ð, to misuse; mod. van-brúkun, f. a misuse. van-burða, adj. born prematurely; v. eldi. 656 B. 7. van-búinn, part. unprepared, Korm. 202, Ld. 324, Fms. vi. 214, vii. 127, viii. 288. van-drengr, m. a bad man, Fs. 166. van-dæmt, part. under-judging, i. e. too leniently: hafa v. eða ofdæmt, Grág. (pref.) van-efni, n. pl. lack of means, Grág. i. 257, Band. 31 new Ed., Fms. viii. 23. van-erð, f.(?). inferiority, N. G. L. i. 212. van-farinn, part. in a strait, Fas. i. 518 (see also the verse); vér erum vanfarnir hjá honum, we are much short of him, Orkn. 332. van-ferli, n. things going wrong, Fms. x. 131. van-festr, part. badly fastened, MS. 4. 8. van-fylgt, n. part.; hafa v. e-m, to back one slowly, Bs. i. 739. van-færi, n. disability, Stj. 1. van-færr, adj. disabled, infirm, Fms. ii. 146, x. 354, xi. 325, Fas. i. 532, Bs. i. 393; vanærr ok ílla heill, Hom. 122. van-gá, f. lack of care. van-gefinn, see vargefinn. van-gerðing, f. a defective fencing, Gpl. 382. van-geymsla, u, f. = vangá, Ld. 128, Jb. 42, Dipl. v. 26. van-geymt, n. part.; hafa v. e-s, to neglect, H. E. ii. 110. van-giptr, part. married beneath one, Nj. 17, v. l. van-goldit, part. n. underpaid, Ó. H. 87. van-gætt, n. part. = vangeymt, Gþl. 463. van-gæzla, u, f. = vangeymsla, Grág. ii. 341, Fms. viii. 364. van-görr, part. defective, imperfect, imperfectly done, half done, Fms. vi. 13, x. 318, Bs. i. 59; ung Kristni ok mjök vangör, Fbr. 7; mér sýndisk vangört, faulty, Fms. x. 320. van-haft, n. part.; hafa v., not to get one’s due, Grág. i. 265. van-haga, að; impers., mig vanhagar um e-t, to miss a thing, want. van-hagr, m. dismay, disadvantage, Grág. ii. 49, Fms. xi. 245, Fær. 7: misconduct, Bs. i. 687. van-hald, n. a damage, loss; bíða vanhald af e-m, Fms. x. 421: in plur. ill-luck, thriftlessness, Band. 37 new Ed. van-haldinn, part. getting less than one’s due, wronged, H. E. ii. 126; ef þú þykkisk v., Ld. 108, Slurl. i. 77 C, Fas. ii. 297. van-hefnt, n. part. (better var-hefnt), Nj. 280, v. l. van-heiðr, m. dishonour, H. E. i. 562, Fas. ii. 289. van-heila, u, f. = vanheilsa, Bs. i. 353. van-heilagr, adj. profane. van-heilindi, n. failing health, illness, Fms. vii. 208, viii. 280, H. E. i. 12. van-heill, adj. [A. S. wanhâl], not hale, disabled, ill, Grág. i. 50, Fms. x. 420; e-m verðr vanheilt, to be taken ill, Grág. i. 277: = pregnant, Bret. 10. van-heilligr, adj. ill, wretched, Fms. vii. 30. van-heilsa, u, f. failing health, illness, Bs. i. 83, 84, 353 (v. l.), Grág. i. 226, Fms. vii. 157, passim. van-helga, að, to profane. van-helti, f., better vammhelti, q. v., Jb. 366 A. van-henta, t, to stand in need of, to want; hann kvað sér v. annat, he said it was not that he wanted, Ld. 212. van-hentr, adj.; e-m er e-t vanhent, it suits one not well, Fms. x. 260. van-herðr, part. not pushed up to one’s mettle, Fas. iii. 487. van-hirða, t; v. um e-t, to neglect. van-hirðing, f. = vangeymsla. van-hirzla, u, f. = vanhirðing, Sks. 446. van-hluta, adj. unfairly dealt with; verða v., to be worsted, Bjarn. 56, Ísl. ii. 255, Grág. i. 157, ii. 92, Fms. i. 306; rétta þeirra hlut er áðr eru v., Eb. 156. van-hlutr, m. an unfair share, Sturl. i. 47 C. van-hugaðr, n. part. [? A. S. vanhygig]; e-t er v. í máli, it was not well considered, Lv. 30. van-hyggja, u, f. a lack of forethought, Ld. 152; bæta fyrir vanhyggju mína, Valla L. 209. van-kunnandi, part. wanting in knowledge, ignorant, ill-informed, Gþl. van-kunnigr, adj. ignorant. van-kunnindi, f. ignorance, Gþl. (pref.) van-kunnusta (mod. van-kunnátta), u, f. want of knowledge, ignorance, H. E. i. 479. van-leitað, n. part.; e-s er v., examined imperfectly, Bs. i. 329. van-lofaðr, part. under-praised, Fms. vi. 196. van-lokinn, part. half paid, of debt; vanloknar skuldir, Grág. i. 93. van-luktr, part. half finished; ganga frá mörgu vanluktu, Sturl. iii. 279. van-lykta, að, to leave unfinished, H. E. i. 409. van-lyktir, f. pl.; með vanlyktum, unfinished, half done, Fms. vi. 13; ok var at vanlykðum nökkut, er hón þó höfuð hans, Ísl. ii. 333; hvárigar vanlykðir ( faults) er þær koma á goðans hendi, Grág. i. 94. van-mátta, adj. weak, sick, sore; í tána þá er v. var, a sore toe, Hrafn. 15. van-máttigr, adj. failing in strength, weak, impotent, Fms. v. 163. van-máttr, m. failing strength, illness, Eg. 565, Vápn. 17, Fms. ii. 12, Bs. i. 84. van-megin, n. weakness, Fms. vii. 156: a swoon, fainting, sló yfir mik hræzlu ok vanmegni, 108. van-meginn (van-megn, Stj. 20), adj. weak, feeble, Fms. i. 305, Stj. 20, v. l.; v. af megri, Fb. iii. 447; höndina þá má vanmegnu, an infirm hand, Sturl. i. 189. van-megna, adj. = vanmeginn. van-megna, að, to weaken; v. sterkjan hug, Al. 6: reflex., vanmegnast, to faint, sink down, Vídal. passim. van-menni, n. (van-menna, u, f., Lv. 30; vanmennur þær, Fms. xi. 257), a worthless person, Gísl. 149, Vápn. 15, Fms. iii. 149. van-meta, adj. in a weak, bad condition; var fótrinn v., of a sick leg. Bs. i. 344; vanmeta skepna, an ill-favoured creature. van-metnaðr, m. a disgrace, Grett. 160 A. van-mettr, part. hungry, Sól. 3. van-mælt, n. part.; eiga e-t vanmælt, if thou hast anything unsaid, anything to say, Bs. i. 668; hvárt mér verðr ofmælt eðr vanmælt, Nj. 232. van-mætti, n. an infirmity. van-refsaðr, part. not duly punished, Sturl. ii. 10. van-refst, n. part. = refsað; ef v. er af dómarans hendi, Gþl. 172. van-rekstr, m. = vanréttr, Fms. xi. 253, v. l. van-rétti, n. loss of right, Ls. 40; þola v., Ó. H. 238: a defeat, Ísl. ii. 367. van-réttr, m. = vanrétti, Fms. xi. 253. van-rækiliga, adv. carelessly, slovenly, Bs. i. (Laur. S.) van-rækja, t, to disregard, Stj. 157, Fms. xi. 423, K. Á. 72: reflex., vanrækjask e-n, Fms. viii. 252. van-rækt, f. lack of care, Gþl. 332, H. E. i. 251, Dipl. ii. 14. van-rætt, n. part. not fully discussed; v. er um e-t, Sks. 271 B. van-samit, part. unsettled, Stj. van-semd, f. a disgrace, offence, Bjarn. 67. van-signaðr, part. cursed, Stj., MS. 655 xx. 3. van-skörungr, m. = vandrengr, Fs. 4, Eg. 730. van-spurt, n. part. left unasked, Sks. 52, 191. van-stilli, n. lack of moderation, intemperance, Al. 45, 71; gefa svá kappsamliga mat, er á þessu mikit vanstilli, no measure, Ísl. ii. 337, Fms. vii. 162 (of a fit of insanity); v. lopts, Al. 55; þurfa menn ekki hér at lýsa v. ( men need not shew ill temper) fyrir þessa sök, Sturl. i. 101 C. van-stilling, f. = vanstilli. Hom. 25. van-stilltr, part. wanting in tempcr, rash, Fms. i. 207, x. 264; marglyndr, vandlyndr ok v., wanting in temper, 420; v. í orðum, vi. 324: excessive, Stj. 142. van-svarat, n. part. insufficiently answered, of a question; hafa v., H. E. ii. 93; vanspurt eða v., Sks. 270. van-svefta, adj. having too little sleep. van-sæmd, f. dishonour, contumely, Fms. ii. 291, vi. 109. van-sætti, n. discord, Sturl. i. 101, v. l. van-sök, f. a fault, offence, Magn. 524. van-talað, n. part. = vanmælt; er enn mart vantalað, Lv. 20; á ek við hvárigan ykkarn vantalað, I want to speak to neither of you, Fms. v. 327. van-talit ( van-talt), n. part. not full accounted for, short in the tally, Glúm. 385; oftalt, vantalt, Gþl. 478. van-tekit, n. part. pulled insufficiently, Eb. 242. van-traust, n. a lack of trust. van-trú, f. unbelief [Dan. vantro]; villa ok v., K. Á. 218, H. E. i. 390, Vídal. van-trúaðr, part. unbelieving, N. T., Vídal. van-trúnaðr, m. distrust, Fms. i. x. 398. van-unninn, part. unfinished; vanunnin verk, Grág. i. 157; lítið vas eptir vanunnit ( undone) í víngarðinum, Greg. 57. van-virða, t, to disregard, dishonour, put to shame, Ísl. ii. 238; affæra ok v., Bs. i. (Laur. S.): part. vanvirðr, Fms. ii. 67, Fs. 183; vanvirt, Fms. v. 326. van-virða, u, f. a disgrace, Fs. 60, 159, Eb. 128. van-virðing, f. = vanvirða, Fms. ix. 278, 289, Gþl. 157, 181. vanvirðu-lauss, adj. not disgracing, Grett. 118. van-virkja, u, f. a defect, fault, Stj. 158, Ísl. ii. 201, v. l. van-vit, n. [Dan. van-vid = insanity], want of thought, Nj. 135, v. l. van-vita, adj. insane, N. G. L. i. 213, Js. 79. van-vitað, n. part. not quite known; enn er v. nökkut um sættina, Bjarn. 56. van-vizka, u. f. foolishness, Al. 115. van-þakkað, n. part. not duly thanked; eiga e-m e-t v. van-þakklátr, adj. ungrateful. van-þakklæti, n. ingratitude. van-þekking, f. lack of knowledge. van-þyrmsla, u, f. violation; v. hátiða, Hom. 146. van-þökk, f. unthankfulness.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VAN-

  • 22 EINN

    * * *
    card. numb. and pron.
    1) one;
    einn skal við einn eiga, one shall fight against one;
    einn ok einn, one by one, one at a time, singly;
    2) as ord. numb. = inn fyrsti (Urð hétu eina, aðra Verðandi, Skuld ina þriðju);
    3) the same, one and the same (váru sveinarnir up fœddir báðir í einu þorpi);
    allt í eina leið, all in one way;
    einn … ok, the same as (í einu herbergi ok hinn);
    allr einn, the very same, quite the same (þat er allt eitt ok himinn);
    allt at einu, nevertheless, for all that (þó at þú þjónaðir illum, þó var hann allt at einu þinn herra);
    4) indef. one, a certain (einn vetr, einn dag, eitt kveld);
    einn vinr Þóris, a certain friend of Th.;
    before numbers, about, some;
    einar fimm þúsundir, some five thousand;
    einir … aðrir, some … others (einir tóku dúka ok aðrir rekkjublæjur);
    einn ok ýmiss, one and another (einar ok ýmissar þjóðir);
    5) after a negation, any;
    né eitt, not anything;
    6) gen. pl. ‘einna’ used in an intensive sense;
    einna manna bezt, best of all (single) men;
    einna verst, by far the worst;
    einna sízt, by far the least, least of all;
    engi er einna hvatastr, no man is superior to all others;
    7) alone (Guðrún skyldi ein ráða fyrir fé þeirra);
    láta konu eina, to desert or divorce one’s wife;
    with gen., hann varð einn sinna manna, he was separated from his men;
    if put after the noun ‘einn’ generally denotes only, but;
    segja þetta prett einn, to call this a mere trick;
    vín eitt, wine only;
    var þat (handklæði) raufar einar, all in holes, mere tatters;
    fáir einir, only a few;
    einn sér or sér einn, quite by oneself, alone (hann var einn sér);
    einn saman, einn samt, quite alone;
    kona eigi ein saman, not alone, with child;
    at eins, only, but;
    eigi at eins, not only;
    því at eins, only in that case;
    údauðr at eins, merely not dead, all but dead, barely alive;
    at einu = at eins.
    * * *
    adj., pl. einir, acc. sing. einn, but also einan, esp. in the sense al-einan etc.; [Gr. εἱς, εν; Lat. ūnus, and early Lat. oinos; Ulf. ains; A. S. ân; Engl. one, in E. Engl. proncd. like stone, bone; Scot. ane; Swed. en; Dan. een]:—one.
    A. Cardinal number, one; einn, tveir, þrír …, opp. to báðir, fleiri, etc.; einum eðr fleirum, Grág. i. 108; eina sök eðr fleiri, 78; unnu báðir eins verk, Fas. i. 515; einum ok einum, one by one, ii. 252; tveir menn veðmæltu um einn grip, Grág. i. 412.
    2. in old poems it is used as an ordinal number; Urð hétu eina, aðra Verðandi, Vsp. 20; segðu þat it eina …, opp. to þat it annat, Vþm. 20; hjálp heitir eitt, help ranks first, Hm. 147, Vkv. 2; but this use is quite obsolete.
    3. with the notion of sameness, one and the same (unus et idem;) í einu húsi, in the same house, Grág. ii. 42; ein ero lög um, hvárt sem ero naut eðr sauðir, i. 422; allt á eina leið, all one way, Fms. ii. 315; til einnar gistingar báðir, vii. 274; í einu brjósti, Alm. 36; allr einn, the very same, Nj. 213.
    II. indefinite, a, an, a certain one; einn vetr, a winter, Fms. i. 57; einn dag, x. 11, Fas. i. 514; eitt kveld, Ld. 38; einn hinn versti maðr, Fær. 91; Breiðlingr einn, a man from Broaddale, Sturl. ii. 249; einn vinr Þóris, a certain friend of Thorir, Fms. vi. 277: einn as the indefinite article is hardly found in old writers; and though it is freq. in the Bible, sermons, hymns, etc., since the Reformation, it was no doubt borrowed from the German, and has never been naturalised.
    β. about, before numbers; ein tvau hundruð vaðmála, about two hundred pieces, Sks. 30; einar fimm þúsudir, about three thousand, Al. 111,—obsolete, in mod. usage hérum-bil or the like.
    III. alone, Gr. μόνος, Lat. solus, used both in sing. and plur.; Guðrún skyldi ein ráða, Ld. 132; Hallr tók einn upp fang, 38; láta einan, to let alone; láttu mig Drottinn einan ekki, Pass. 34. 11; as a law term, to let one’s wife alone, þá lét hann eina Guðrúnu, Fms. x. 324 (cp. einlát); Gunnarr mundi vera einn heima, Nj. 113; sjá einn hlutr, that one thing only, 112; þau ein tíðendi (plur.), only such news, 242.
    β. if put after the noun, einn denotes, only, but, sheer, and is almost adverb.; segja þetta prett einn, a mere trick, Sturl. ii. 249; raufar einar, all in holes, Nj. 176; urðu borðin í blóði einu, the tables were bedabbled with blood all over, 270, Ó. H. 116; öll orðin at hvölum einum, all turned into whales, Fas. i. 372; gabb eitt ok háð, sheer mockery, Sks. 247; orð ein, mere words, Nj. 123; ígangs-klæði ein, Eg. 75; vin eitt, wine only, Gm. 19; heiptyrði ein, Fm. 9; hamingjur einar, Vþm. 49; ofsamenn einir, Ld. 158; þá nótt eina, for that one night, N. G. L. i. 240: also after an adj., lítið eina, only a little, Stj. 177; þat eina, er hann ætti sjálfr, Eg. 47, Fms. v. 303; nema góðs eina, naught but good, Eg. 63; fátt eitt, few only, but few; vilt eitt, but what is agreeable, Hm. 125; mikit eitt skala manni gefa, a proverb, ‘small gifts shew great love,’ 51; sá einn, er …, he only, who …, 17; satt eitt, sooth only, Fm. 9; the sense differs according as the adj. is placed before or after the noun, einn Guð, the one God; but, Guð einn, God only, none but God.
    IV. plur. in a distributive sense, single; ein gjöld, a single weregild, opp. to tvenn, þrenn, fern, double, triple, quadruple, Grág. ii. 232; thus Icel. say, einir sokkar, skór, vetlingar, a pair of socks, shoes, gloves; einar brækr, a pair of breeches; also with nouns which have only plur., e. g. ein, tvenn, þrenn Jól, one, two, three Christmasses ( Yules); einar (tvennar) dyrr, a single … door; eina Páska, one Easter.
    V. gen. pl. einna is used in an intensive sense; einna manna bezt, best of all single men, Fms. ix. 258; í mesta lagi einna manna, foremost of all single men, Bjarn. 65; fátt er svá einna hluta, at örvænt sé at hitti annat slíkt, Ó. H. 75.
    β. ellipt., manna, hluta, or the like being omitted, einna becomes almost an adverbial phrase, by far, exceedingly; at engi viti einna miklogi görr (= einna manna), that no one ( no single man) shall know it much better, Grág. i. 2; einna verst, by far the worst, Orkn. 162, Nj. 38; einna sizt, by far the least, least of all, Fms. i. 37; einna mest verðr, Ld. 8; er einna var ríkastr, who was the mightiest of all, Fms. i. 297; engan rétt einna meir kunnan at göra (= einna rétta meir), Sks. 22; engi er einna hvatastr (= e. manna), there is none so mighty but be may find his match, Hm. 63: in mod. usage einna, joined with a superlative, is used adverbially, e. beztr, e. fljótastr, the best, the fleetest, but in a somewhat depreciatory sense.
    VI. used adverb.:
    1. gen. sing. eins,
    α. eins ok, as, as if; eins ok væri hann með öllu óttalauss, Hkr. iii. 275; allt eins ok ( just as) rakkar metja með tungu, Stj. 392.
    β. likewise, in the same way; mikill þorri var þat er þær sögðu eins báðar, Landn. (Hb.) 320; this use of eins is very rare in old writers, but freq. in mod. use; in the spoken language at least ‘eins’ (= as) has almost replaced the old ‘sem.’
    γ. only; er ek hefi áðr spurn til eins, Fms. iv. 139 (rare).
    δ. at eins, only, but, Grág. i. 235; vel at eins, ironically, well enough, Ld. 248; eigi at eins, not only, Fms. i. 266; með sínum at eins kostnaði, vii. 184; því at eins, only in that case, Nj. 228; þar at eins, Ísl. ii. 400; allt eins, not the less for that, 216: in mod. use, just as (vide allr A. V. 5).
    2. dat. at einu = at eins; údauðr at einu, Ld. 242; því at einu = því at eins, Fms. iv. 195; því at einu er rétt …, Grág. i. 164; svá at einu, id., Nj. 103; sá evkr syndir sínar at einu, he but adds to his sins, Hom. 157; allt at einu, all the same, Ísl. ii. 216, v. l.: af því einu, only because, Mork. 140.
    B. Joined to another pronominal adj. or adv.:
    I. einn hverr, adj. pron., in old writers usually in two words and with a double declension (see below), but now and then (and in mod. usage always) in a single word, einn being indecl.; einhverja (acc. f.), Hbl. 30; einhverjum (dat. sing.), Hm. 122, Fms. x. 71; einhverjo héraði, Al. 98, Nj. 2; einhverra (gen.), Fms. iv. 75; einhverir (nom. pl.), viii. 202; einhver, einhverir, etc.: the form eins-hverr is peculiar, keeping the gen. indecl. through all the cases, nom. einshverr, N. G. L. i. 6; acc. einshverja, Stj. 156, 655 xxxii. 18, Gþl. 135; dat. einshverjum, Stj. 22, 442, 448; this form seems to be chiefly Norse, is very rare in old writers, and now quite obsolete; neut. sing. eitthvert, Vm. 73, or eitthvat, Stj. 442, the mod. usage makes a distinction, and uses eitthvert only as adj., eitthvað as subst.:
    1. each one, each single one; maðr er einn hverr, Edda 108; þær eru svá margar, at ein hver má vel endask, Eg. 414; ór þeirra fjórðungi sem ór einum hverjum öðrum, Íb. ch. 5; skal einn hverr ( each) þeirra nefna sér vátta, Grág. i. 74; jafnmikinn arf sem einn hverr ( each) sona hans, Sturl. ii. 77; fátt er svá herra einhverra hluta, of any single thing, Fms. iv. 175.
    β. joined to a superl. it strengthens the sense; ágætastr maðr einn hverr, one of the very first men, Nj. 282; vinsælastr höfðingi einhverr, highly popular, Fms. vii. 4; einhver drengilegust vörn, ix. 515.
    2. in an indefinite sense, some, somebody, a certain one; eitthvert ríki, Sks. 350; eina hverja nótt, some night, 686 B. 4; eitthvert sinn, once, sometime, Sturl. i. 77, Nj. 79; einhverju sinni, id., 2; einhvern dag, some day, Fms. v. 177, Ísl. ii. 212; eina hverja þessa tíð, about this time, N. G. L. i. 355; til einnar hverrar stefnu, to some meeting, Fb. i. 354; eins-hverja hluti, Stj. 156; með eins-hverjum sveini, 442; at ekki sé minna vert, at hlýða prests-messu nývígðs hinni fyrstu, heldr en biskups-messu einhverri, Bs. i. 131.
    β. used as subst.; einn hverr várr búandanna, Fms. i. 34; einn hvern manna hans, Eg. 258; einhverr í hverjum dal, Ld. 258, Nj. 192.
    γ. einhver-staðar (eins-hver-staðar, Fms. vii. 84), adv. somewhere, Grett. 130, Fms. iv. 57, Sd. 181.
    II. einn-saman, adj. ‘one together’ (vide einsamall), i. e. quite alone; maðrinn lifir ekki af einu-saman brauði, Matth. iv. 4; með einni-saman sinni sýn, með einni-saman sinni þefan, Stj. 93; ef útlegðir fara einar-saman, if it be solely a matter of outlay ( fine), Grág. i. 103; ef þat færi eitt-saman, ii. 10: of a woman, vera eigi ein-saman, to be not alone, to be with a child, Fms. iii. 109.
    III. with other words; einir … ýmissir, ‘one and sundry;’ various, mixed, Stj. 88, 204; eina hluti ok ýmissa, Fb. i. 191.
    β. hverr ok einn, ‘each and one,’ every one, 677. 1, H. E. i. 393, Rb. 492; fyrir hvern mun ok einn, Fas. i. 396.
    γ. einn ok sér-hverr, one and all.
    δ. einn sér, apart, for oneself, alone; Múspells-synir hafa einir sér fylking, Edda 41; einn sér, sole, Fms. ii. 308; sér einir, Sturl. ii. 53: metaph. singular, peculiar, ein var hón sér í lýðsku, Fs. 30.
    ε. sér-hverr, adj. every one, q. v.: eins-konar, adv. of one kind, Skálda 165; mod. indef. of a certain kind, a kind of: eins-kostar, adv. particularly, Ísl. ii. 322, Mork. 81.
    ζ. né einn, not one, none; in old writers usually so, but now and then contracted neinn (q. v.), and in mod. usage always so; né eina sekð, Grág. i. 136; né eitt úhreint, Stj. 409; né einu sinni, not once, Fms. xi. 13; né eins, not a single thing, 112; né eina herferð, vii. 28.
    η. fáir einir, only a few, in mod. usage in one word, nom. fáeinir, dat. fáeinum, gen. fáeinna: ein-stakr, single, q. v.: al-einn, alone, q. v.: ein-mana, q. v. (cp. Gr. μόνος): einum-megin, adv. on one side, Nj. 248 (vide vegr).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > EINN

  • 23 FÁ

    * * *
    I)
    (fæ; fekk, fengum; fenginn), v.
    1) to grasp with the hands, get hold of;
    hón hefir fengit einn stein, she has taken a stone;
    2) to take, capture (fengu þeir Gunnar);
    3) to get, gain, win;
    sá fær er frjár, he that woos wins;
    fá fljóðs ást to win a woman’s love;
    hann bað konunnar ok fekk heitit hennar, he asked the woman in marriage and got the promise of her hand;
    fá sitt eyrindi, to accomplish one’s errand;
    fá haærra hlut, to get the better of it;
    fá góðar viðtökur, to get a good reception;
    fá skilning á e-u, to get knowledge of;
    fá úsigr, to be defeated;
    fá skaða, to suffer harm;
    fá úvit, to fall senseless, to faint;
    fá líflát, to fall lifeless;
    fá bana, to come by one’s death;
    5) to get, procure;
    hann fekk sér gott kvánfang, he got a good wife;
    6) to give, deliver to one, put into one’s hands;
    fá mér (give me) leppa tvá ór hári þinu;
    fáit nú konungi festu (give the king bail) þá er honum líki;
    fá e-m sök, to charge one;
    var sá sveinn fenginn í hendr okkr, delivered into our hands;
    fá e-m e-t at geyma, to give a thing into one’s charge (= fá e-m e-t til geymslu);
    7) with pp. following, to be able to;
    fá e-n veiddan, to be able to catch one;
    hon fœr með engu móti vakit þá, she could by no means awaken them;
    þeir munu mik aldri fá sótt, they will never be able to overcome me;
    fengu þeir honum ekki nát, they could not catch him: skaltu hvergi fá undan hokat, thou shall have no chance of sneaking away;
    hann fekk þó eigi víss orðit, he could not make out for certain;
    8) with gen., to get, take, gain, win;
    þeir fengu fjár mikils, they took a rich booty;
    vel er þess fengit, it is well earned, well done;
    hann var eigi skáld, ok hann hafði ei þeirrar listar fengit, he had not received that gift: fá verðar, to take a meal;
    hann tekk sér sveitar (he raised a band) ok gørðist illvirki;
    fá konu, to get a wife, marry (hon var átján vetra, er þorsteinn fekk hennar);
    9) to conceive, of sheep and cattle (fá burðar, lambs);
    10) to touch, affect;
    þat fekk mikils hinum hertekna manni, it touched the captive deeply, þá fær þorbirni svá. mjök (Th. was so much moved), at hann grætr;
    11) impers., one can get or find;
    vápn svá góð, at eigi fær önnur slík, that the like are not to be got;
    at varla fái vitrara mann, that a wiser man is hardly to be found;
    also, one may or can (do something);
    þat skip fær vel varit eldi, that ship can well be guarded against fire;
    12) with preps.:
    fá af sér (with infin.) to bring oneself to;
    þeir fengu af verra, they got the worse of it;
    fá at veizlu, brúkaupi, blóti, to get provisions for a feast (hann fekk at blóti miklu);
    sá dagr er at jólum skal fá, the day when preparations are to be made for Yule (cf. atfangadagr);
    faðir Móða fekk á þremi, the father of M. caught hold of the brim;
    fá e-n, to touch, affect one, move (opt fá á horskan lostfagrir, litir);
    láta e-t á sik fá, to be (deeply) affected by, take it to heart;
    drykkr fær á e-n, the drink intoxicates one (er drykkr fekk á Hákon jarl);
    fá í e-t, to take hold of, grasp with the hand (= fá á e-u);
    forðuðu fingrum, fengu í snœri, they took hold of the strings;
    fá e-t or e-s til, to get, procure (var kirkja gör ok kennimanna til fengit);
    fá e-n til at gøra e-t, to get one to do a thing;
    þeir fengu menn til at ryðja skip sitt, they got men to clear their ship fá til e-s, to lay hold of;
    þar var fjöld fjár, fengu til margir, there was wealth of money, and many took a share of it;
    13) refl., fást í e-u, to be busy, exert oneself, engage in a matter (dróttningin mátti þar ekki í fást);
    Helgi leitaði þá, ef Sigurðr vildi í fást við Þorvald, if S. would try with Th.;
    segir hann ljúga ok fást í rógi, and deal in slander;
    fást við e-t = f. í e-u;
    f. við e-n, to have to do with, to contend with one (H. segist þá vilja … fást eigi við fjánda þenna);
    to wrestle (grapple) with one (skaltu fást við blámann várn).
    (fá, fáða, fáðr), v. to draw, paint;
    vér höfum fáða unga brúði á vegg, we have painted the young bride on the wall;
    gulli fáðr, gilded.
    * * *
    1.
    pret. sing. fékk, sometimes spelt feck or fieck, pl. fengu; pres. fæ, 2nd pers. fær, mod. færð, pl. fám, mod. fáum; pret. subj. fengja, mod. fengi; pres. fá, mod. fái; imperat. fá; sup. fengit; part. fenginn: the forms fingit, finginn, and pret. fingu (cp. Germ. fingen) are obsolete, but occur in some MSS. (e. g. Arna-Magn. 132 and 122 A): the poets rhyme— Erlingr var þar finginn; with the neg. suff., fær-at, fékk-at, Lex. Poët.: [Goth. fahan and gafahan = πιάζειν, καταλαμβάνειν; A. S. fón; Hel. fâhan; Germ. fahen, whence fahig = capax; in the Germ., however, the nasal form fangen prevailed, but in the Scandin., Swed., and Dan. få or faae; the Dan. fange is mod. and borrowed from Germ.; Icel. fanga is rare and unclass. and only used in the sense to capture, whereas fá is a standing word; the ng reappears in pl. pret. and part. pass. fengu, fengit, vide above; cp. Old Engl. fet, mod. fetch]:—to fetch, get, etc.
    1. to fetch, catch, seize; fengu þeir Gunnar, they fetched, caught G., Akv. 18; Hildibrandr gat fengit kirkju-stoðina, Sturl. i. 169; hón hefir fengit einn stein, she has fetched a stone, Ísl. ii. 394; fá á e-u, to get hold of, grasp with the hand, faðir Móða fékk á þremi, Hým. 34.
    β. also, fá í e-t, to grasp; fengu í snæri, they grasped the bow-strings, bent the bow, Am. 42; hann fékk í öxl konungi, he seized the king’s shoulder, Fms. viii. 75.
    γ. to take, capture, but rare except in part.; hafði greifi Heinrekr fengit Valdimar, Fms. ix. 324; verða fanginn, to be taken, Germ. gefangen werden, i. 258, Stj. 396.
    2. to get, gain, win, with acc. of the thing; sá fær er frjár, he who wooes will win (a proverb), Hm. 91; hann skal fá af Svart-álfum, he shall get, obtain from S., Edda 69; fá brauð, mat, drykk, Fms. x. 18; þat fékk hann eigi af föður sínum, xi. 14; bað konunnar ok fékk heitið hennar, he wooed the woman and got her hand, Edda 23; fá sitt eyrindi, to get one’s errand done, Fms. i. 75; fa fljóðs ást, to win a woman’s love, Hm. 91; fá hærra hlut, to get the better, 40; ek ætla at fá at vera yðvarr farþegi, Ld. 112; hence fá, or fá leyfi, to get leave to do a thing: eg fæ það, fékk það ekki, fá að fara, etc.: Icel. also say, eg fæ það ekki af mér, I cannot bring myself to do it.
    β. to suffer, endure; fá úsigr, to get the worst of it, Fms. iv. 218; sumir fengu þetta ( were befallen) hvern sjaunda vetr, Sks. 113; fá skaða, to suffer a loss, Hkr. ii. 177; fá úvit, to fall senseless, Nj. 195; fá líflát, to fall lifeless, Grág. i. 190; fá bana, to come by one’s death, Nj. 110.
    γ. fá góðar viðtökur, to get a good reception, Eg. 460, 478, Fms. iv. 219; sá mun sæll er þann átrúnað fær, blessed is he that gets hold of that faith, Nj. 156; hann hafði fingit úgrynni fjár, Fms. xi. 40; fá skilning á e-u, to get the knowledge of a thing, i. 97.
    3. to get, procure; þá fékk konungr sveitar-höfðingja þá er honum sýndisk, Eg. 272; ek skal fá mann til at biðja hennar, Fs. 88; þeir fengu menn til at ryðja skip, they got men to clear the ship, Nj. 163; mun ek fá til annann mann at göra þetta, I will get another man to do it, 53; fá sér bjargkvið, Grág. i. 252; hann fékk sér gott kván-fang, Fms. i. 11; fám oss ölteiti nökkura, let us get some sport, vii. 119; fá sér (e-m) fari, to take a passage, vide far; fengu þeir ekki af mönnum, they could fetch no men, ix. 473; þeir hugðusk hafa fengit ( reached) megin-land, vii. 113.
    4. fá at veizlu, blóti, to get provisions for a feast, etc.; hann fékk at blóti miklu, Landn. 28; lét Þorri fá at blóti, Orkn. 3; Þórólfr Mostrar-skegg fékk at blóti miklu, Eb. 8; er fengit at mikilli veizlu, Fas. i. 242; var síðan at samkundu fingit, a meeting was brought about, 623. 52; sá dagr er at Jólum skal fá, the day when preparations are to be made for Yule, K. Þ. K. 110, hence atfanga-dagr, the day before a feast, q. v.; þá var fengit at seið, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 17.
    II. to give, deliver to one, put into one’s hands; hér er eitt sverð, er ek vil fá þér, Ísl. ii. 44; fá mér (fetch me, give me) leppa tvá ór hári þínu, Nj. 116; þá er keisarinn hafði fingit honum til föru-neytis, Fms. xi. 40; konungr fær honum veizlur, Eg. 27; horn þat er Bárðr hafði fingit Ölvi, 207; fáit nú konungi festu ( give the king bail) þá er honum líki, Fms. iv. 268; fá e-m sök, to charge one, Sks. 708; var sá sveinn fenginn í hendr okkr, delivered into our hands, Fms. i. 113; fékk hann búit í hendr Valgerði, iii. 24, Nj. 4; honum fékk hverr maðr penning til, Íb. 5; hon fékk biskupinum tuttugu mánaða mataból, B. K. 125; fá e-m e-t at geyma, to give a thing into one’s charge, Stj. 177; fá þá sonum þínum í hendr til geymslu, id.
    III. metaph. with a following pass. part. or sup. to be able to do; hón fær með engu móti vakit þá, she could by no means awaken them, Fms. i. 9; þú fékkt ekki leikit þat er mjúkleikr var í, vii. 119; þeir munu mik aldri fá sótt, they will never be able to overcome me, Nj. 116; ok fáit þér hann eigi veiddan, if you cannot catch him, 102; hann fékk engi knút leyst, Edda 29; fengu þeir honum ekki náð, they could not catch him, Fagrsk. 167; at Vagn mun fá yfir-kominn Sigvalda, that V. will overcome S., Fms. xi. 96: skulu vér þá freista at vér fáim drepit þá, i. 9; skaltú hvergi fá undan hokat, thou shalt have no chance of sneaking away, xi. 61; fá gaum gefinn at e-u, to take heed to a thing. Fas. ii. 517; menn fingu hvergi rétt hann né hafit, Eg. 396; at þeir mundu komit fá til lands hvalnum, Grág. ii. 381; en fékk þó eigi víss orðit …, but he could not make out for certain …, Fms. x. 170.
    β. to grow, get, become; Hjörleif rak vestr fyrir land, ok fékk hann vatnfátt, he became short of water, Landn. 34: of travellers, to fall in with, etc., þar fengu þeir keldur blautar mjök, they got into bogs, Eb. 266; þeir fengu hvergi blautt um Valbjarnar-völlu, Sturl. ii. 50; fengu þeir veðr stór, they met with foul weather, Eg. 160.
    IV. with gen.,
    1. to take, gain, earn, win; renna þeir á land upp, ok fá mikils fjár, Fms. v. 164; þeir fengu fjár mikils, they took a rich booty, Nj. 137; gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, ok dó allt kvikfé þeirra um vetrinu, Landn. 30; vel er þess fengit, it is well earned, well done, 7; nú mun ek fara þessa ferð ef þú vill; hann segir, vel er þess fengit, well done, said he, Fas. ii. 517; hann var eigi skáld, ok hann hafði eigi þeirrar listar fengit, he had not got that gift, Fb. i. 214; at þá mundi þykkja fengit betr, people would think that it suited better, Nj. 75; fá verðar, to take a meal, Hm. 33; hann fékk sér sveitar ( raised a band) ok görðisk illvirki, 623. 15: but chiefly in the phrase, fá konu, to get a wife, marry; Haraldr fékk þeirrar konu, Fms. i. 4; at ek munda fá þín, that I should get thy hand, Nj. 24; betr er þá séð fyrir kosti systur minnar at þú fáir hennar (gen., i. e. that thou marry her), en víkingar fái hana (acc., i. e. to fetch, capture her) at herfangi, Fs. 8; hón var átján vetra er Þorsteinn fékk hennar, Ísl. ii. 191.
    2. to conceive, of sheep, cattle; fá burðar, Stj. 97; er hann (sauðrinn) fær lambs, Skálda 162: absol., við þeim hafði hón (the mare) fengit, Landn. 195; at eigi fái ær við, Grág. i. 418, (cp. fang, fetus.)
    3. denoting to affect, touch, etc.; þat fékk mikils hinum hertekna menni, it touched much the captive, Orkn. 368: svá fékk honum mikils, at hans augu vóru full af tárum, Fms. i. 139; henni fékk þetta mikillar áhyggju, it caused her great care, iv. 181; fær honum þat mikillar áhyggju ok reiði. Nj. 174; nú fær mér ekka (gen.) orð þat þú mælir, Skv. 1. 20; fá e-m hlægis, to make one a laughing-stock, Hm. 19: even with acc. or an adv., þá fær Þorbirni svá mjök (Th. was so much moved) at hann grætr, Hrafn. 13.
    β. fá á e-n, to affect, chiefly of intoxicating liquors; er drykkr fékk á Hákon jarl, when the drink told on earl Hacon, Magn. 508; fær á þá mjök drykkrinn, Fms. xi. 108; aldregi drakk ek vín eðr annan drykk svá at á mik megi fá, Stj. 428; en er á leið daginn ok drykkr fékk á menn, Fms. vii. 154; drykkr hefir fengit yðr í höfuð, Fas. i. 318; á-fengr or á-fenginn, q. v.
    γ. opt fá á ( entice) horskan, er á heimskan né fá, lostfagrir lítir, Hm. 92.
    V. impers. to be got, to be had, cp. Germ. es giebt; vápn svá góð, at eigi fær önnur slík (acc.), so good, that the like are not to be got, Nj. 44; at varla fái vitrara mann, a wiser man is hardly to be found, Sks. 13; eigi fær þat ritað, it cannot be recorded, viz. being so voluminous, Fms. viii. 406; þat skip fær vel varit eldi, that ship can well be guarded against fire, ix. 368; svá mikill herr at varla fékk talit, a host so great that it could hardly be numbered, xi. 261 (Ed. fékst wrongly).
    VI. reflex. in the phrase, fásk í e-u, to be busy, exert oneself in a matter; drottningin mátti þar ekki í fásk, Fms. x. 102; Helgi leitaði þá ef Sigurðr vildi í fásk við Þorvald, if S. would try with Th., Fb. i. 379; vildir þú fásk í því sem þér er ekki lánat, 215; segir hana ljúga ok fásk í rógi, ( and deal in slander) fyrir höfðingjum, Karl. 552.
    β. fásk við e-n, to struggle against; ef nokkut væri þat er hann mætti við fásk, which he could try, Grett. 74 new Ed.: to wrestle with, skaltú fásk við blámann várn, Ísl. ii. 444; um fangit er þú fékksk við Elli, when thou strugglest against Elli, Edda 34; at Þorleikr ætti lítt við elli at fásk, Ld. 160; fámsk vér eigi við skrafkarl þenna, let us have naught to do with this landlouper, Háv. 52; ok fásk eigi við fjánda þenna lengr, Ísl. ii. 45; fást um e-t, to make a fuss about a thing: the passage, Hrólfi fékksk hugr, Fas. iii. 203, is prob. an error for Hrólfi gékksk hugr, H. was moved: the phrase, fásk þú at virði vel, take thou a good meal, Hm. 117.
    2. as a pass., esp. in the sense to be gotten; sumt lausa-féit hafði fengisk ( had been gotten) í hernaði, Fms. i. 25; at honum fengisk engi fararbeini, that no means of conveyance could be got, Grág. i. 298; eigu þeir þat allt er á (aðilðunum) fæsk, all the fines that accrue from the aðilð, 281; fékksk þat, it was obtained, Jb. 17; er hljóð fékksk, when silence was obtained, so that he could speak, Fms. i. 34: ef þeir fásk eigi, if they cannot be taken, Odd. 12 (very rare); sem úviða muni þinn jafningi fásk, thy match is not easily to be got, Nj. 46.
    VII. part. fenginn as adj. given to, fit to; ok er hann vel til þess fenginn, Fms. vi. 389; Jón var mjök fenginn ( given) fyrir kvenna ást, Bs. i. 282; fæsk eigi því níta, it cannot be denied, Am. 32.
    2. again, fanginn denotes captured, hence taken by passion; fanginn í ílsku, Fb. i. 280.
    2.
    ð, part. fát, fáð or fáið, cp. fáinn or fánn; a contracted verb = fága:—to draw, paint, Fms. v. 345; gulli fáðr, gilded, Gísl. 21; fá rúnar, to draw runes, magic characters, Hm. 143; vér höfum fáða unga brúði á vegg, we have painted the young bride on the wall, Landn. 248 (from a verse about the middle of the 10th century): of precious stuffs, fáð ript, Skv. 3. 63.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FÁ

  • 24 FÉ

    (gen. fjár), n.
    1) cattle, esp. sheep;
    þeir ráku féit (the sheep) upp á geilarnar;
    gæta fjár, to herd or tend sheep;
    ganganda fé, live stock, opp. to ‘dautt fé’, or ‘liggjanda fé,’ valuables, money;
    2) property, money (hvárt sem fé þat er land eðr annat fé);
    fyrirgøra fé ok fjörvi, to forfeit property and life;
    fé er fjörvi firr, life is dearer than money;
    fé veldr frænda rógi, money makes foes of kinsmen;
    afla sér fjár ok frægðar (frama), to gain wealth and fame;
    hér er fé þat (the money), er Gunnarr greiddi;
    þiggit þat, herra, fé er í því, there is value in it;
    pl. fé (dat. fjám), property, means.
    * * *
    n., irreg. gen. fjár, dat. fé; pl. gen. fjá, dat. fjám; with the article, féit, féinu, féin, mod. féð, fénu, fén: [Lat. pecu; Goth. faihu; A. S. feoh; Engl. fee; Hel. fehu; O. H. G. fehu; Germ. vieh; Dan. fæ; Swed. få]
    I. cattle, in Icel. chiefly sheep; fé né menn, Grett. 101; fjölda fjár, Ld. 210; gæta fjár, to mind sheep, 232; en ef þeir brenna húsin þó at fé manna sé inni, Grág. ii. 164; þeir ráku féit ( the sheep) upp á geilarnar, Ni. 119; kvik-fé, live-stock, q. v.: ganganda fé, id., opp. to dautt fé, dead property, Grág. passim.
    COMPDS: fjárbeit, fjárborg, fjárbreiða, fjárdauði, fjárfellir, fjárfóðr, fjárfæði, fjárfæling, fjárganga, fjárgeymsla, fjárgæzla, fjárhagi, fjárheimtur, fjárhirðir, fjárknappr, fjárhundr, fjárhús, fjárkaup, fjárkláði, fjárnyt, fjárpest, fjárrekstr, fjárréttr, fjársauðr.
    II. property, money; hvárt sem fé þat er land eðr annat fé, Grág. ii. 237: the allit. phrase, fé ok fjörvi, Sl. 1; hafa fyrir gört fé ok fjörvi, to forfeit property and life, Nj. 191: the proverbs, fé er fjörvi firr, life is dearer than money, 124; fé veldr frænda rógi, money makes foes of kinsmen, Mkv. 1. Common sayings, hafa fullar hendr fjár; afla fjár ok frægðar, to gain wealth and fame, Fms. i. 23 (a standing phrase); afla fjár ok frama, Fs. 7, fjár ok virðingar, id.; seint munu þín augu fylld verða á fénu, Gullþ. 7; þú munt ærit mjök elska féit áðr lýkr, id.; lát mík sjá hvárt fé þetta er svá mikit ok frítt, Gísl. 62; at Þorgils tæki við fjám sínum, Fs. 154; fagrt fé, fine money; at þeir næði féinu, Fms. x. 23; þegn af fé, liberal, Ísl. ii. 344; Auðr tekr nú féit, A. took the money, Gísl. 62; hér er fé þat ( the money) er Gunnarr greiddi mér, Nj. 55; fé þat allt er hann átti, Eg. 98; alvæpni en ekki fé annat, Fms. i. 47: skemman var full af varningi, þetta fé …, v. 255; Höskuldr færði fé allt til skips, Nj. 4; hversu mikit fé er þetta, id.; heimta fé sín, Grág. i. 87; þiggit þat herra, fé er í því, there is value in it, Fms. vii. 197.
    COMPDS: fjárafhlutr, fjáraflan, fjárafli, fjárauðn, fjáragirnd, fjárbón, fjárburðr, fjárdráttr, fjárefni, fjáreigandi, fjáreign, fjáreyðsla, fjáreyðslumaðr, fjárfang, fjárfar, fjárforráð, fjárframlag, fjárfundr, fjárgjald, fjárgjöf, fjárgróði, fjárgæzla, fjárgæzlumaðr, fjárhagr, fjárhagamaðr, fjárhald, fjárhaldsmaðr, fjárheimt, fjárhirðsla, fjárhlutr, fjárkaup, fjárkostnaðr, fjárkostr, fjárkrafa, fjárlag, fjárlán, fjárlát, fjárleiga, fjármegin, fjármet, fjármissa, fjármunir, fjárnám, fjárorkumaðr, fjárpína, fjárrán, fjárreiða, fjárreita, fjársaknaðr, fjársekt, fjársjóðr, fjárskaði, fjárskakki, fjárskilorð, fjárskipti, fjárskuld, fjársóan, fjársókn, fjárstaðr, fjártak, fjártal, fjártapan, fjártilkall, fjártillag, fjártjón, fjárupptak, fjárútlát, fjárvarðveizla, fjárvarðveizlumaðr, fjárván, fjárverðr, fjárviðtaka, fjárvöxtr, fjárþarfnaðr, fjárþurð, fjárþurfi.
    B. Fé- in COMPDS, usually in sense II, sometimes in sense I: fé-auðna, u, f. money luck. féauðnu-maðr, m. a man lucky in making money, Band. 4. fé-boð, n. an offer of money, Lv. 62, Fms. v. 26, 369, 656 A. 17; a bribe, Grág. i. 72. fébóta-laust, n. adj. without compensation, Glúm. 358. fé-brögð, n. pl. devices for making money, Fms. xi. 423, 623. 21. fé-bætr, f. pl. payments in compensation, esp. of weregild, opp. to mann-hefndir, Nj. 165, Eg. 106, Fs. 53, 74, Ísl. ii. 386. fé-bættr, part. paid for weregild, Gullþ. 12. fé-drengr, m. an open-handed man, Nj. 177. fé-drjúgr, adj. having a deep purse, Ld. 46. fé-fastr, adj. close-fisted, Ísl. ii. 392, Bs. i. 74. fé-fátt, n. adj. in want of money, Eg. 394, Fms. iii. 180, Hkr. iii. 422. fé-fellir, m. losing one’s sheep, Lv. 91. fé-festi, f. close-fistedness, Grett. 155 C. fé-fletta, tt, to strip one of money, cheat one, Fas. iii. 103, v. l. fé-frekr, adj. greedy for money, Rd. 314. fé-föng, n. pl. booty, plunder, spoil, Fms. iii. 18, vii. 78, Eg. 57, 236, Gullþ. 5, Sks. 183 B. fé-gefinn, part. given for (and to) gain, Band. 4, Valla L. 201. fé-girnd, f. avarice, Hom. 86, Al. 4, Pass. 16. 7, 10. fé-girni, f. = fégirnd, Sks. 358, Band. 11, Sturl. i. 47 C. fégjafa-guð, m. the god of wealth, Edda 55. fé-gjald, n. a payment, fine, Nj. 111, 120, Band. 11, Fms. vii. 248. fé-gjarn, adj. greedy, avaricious, Eg. 336, Fs. 133, Nj. 102, Fms. i. 52, vii. 238. fé-gjöf, f. a gift of money, Fs. 11, 21, Fms. i. 53, xi. 325, Ld. 52. fé-glöggr, f. close-handed, Eb. 158. fé-góðr, adj. good, i. e. current, money, D. N. fé-grið, n. pl. security for property, Grág. ii. 21. fé-gyrðill, m. [early Dan. fägürthil], a money bag, purse, worn on the belt, Gísl. 20, Fbr. 66, Þiðr. 35. fé-gætni, f. saving habits, Glúm. 358. fé-göfugr, adj. blessed with wealth, Ísl. ii. 322. fé-hirðir, m. a shepherd, Fas. i. 518, Fms. viii. 342, Gþl. 501: a treasurer, Hkr. i. 36, Eg. 202, Fms. x. 157, vi. 372, viii. 372. fé-hirzla, u, f. a treasury, Fms. vi. 171, vii. 174, Eg. 237, Hom. 9. féhirzlu-hús, n. a treasure-house, Stj. 154. féhirzlu-maðr, m. a treasurer, Karl. 498. fé-hús, n. = fjós, a stall, D. N. (Fr.): a treasury, Róm. 299. fé-kaup, n. a bargain, N. G. L. i. 9. fé-kátliga, adv., Thom. 403. fé-kátr, adj. proud of one’s wealth, Róm. 126. fé-kostnaðr, m. expenditure, expense, Stj. 512, Fms. iv. 215, xi. 202, Hkr. i. 148. fé-kostr, m. = fékostnaðr, Orkn. 40. fé-krókar, m. pl. money-angles, wrinkles about the eyes marking a greedy man (vide auga), Fms. ii. 84. fé-kvörn, f. a small gland in the maw of sheep, in popular superstition regarded, when found, as a talisman of wealth, vide Eggert Itin. ch. 323. fé-lag, n. fellowship, and fé-lagi, a, m. a fellow, vide p. 151. fé-lauss, adj. penniless, Fms. vi. 272, Fs. 79, Gullþ. 5, Landn. 324 (Mant.) fé-lát, n. loss of money, Landn. 195. fé-leysi, n. want of money, Fms. viii. 20. fé-ligr, adj. valuable, handsome, Fms. viii. 206. fé-lítill, adj. short of money, Eg. 691, Sturl. i. 127 C, Fms. v. 182, vi. 271: of little value, Vm. 74, Jm. 13; fé-minstr, yielding the least income, Bs. i. 432. fé-maðr, m. a monied man, Sturl. i. 171, iii. 97, Dropl. 3. fé-mál, n. money affairs, Nj. 5; a suit for money, Fms. viii. 130, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 83. fé-mikill, adj. rich, monied, Sks. 252, Sturl. i. 171 C: costly, Fms. v. 257, xi. 85, Bs. i. 295, Hkr. iii. 247, Eb. 256: expensive, Korm. 224 (in a verse). fé-mildr, adj. open-handed, Nj. 30. fé-missa, u, f. and fé-missir, m. loss of cattle, Jb. 362: loss of money, Grett. 150 C. fé-munir, m. pl. valuables, Hkr. i. 312, Grág. i. 172, Hrafn. 19, 21, Fms. vi. 298, viii. 342. fé-múta, u, f. a bribe in money, Nj. 215, 251, Gullþ. 7, Fms. v. 312, Bs. i. 839, Thom. 72. fé-mætr, adj. ‘money-worth,’ valuable, Fms. i. 105, Ísl. ii. 154, Orkn. 386. fé-neytr ( fé-nýtr), adj. money-worth, Fms. iv. 340, cp. Hkr. ii. 253. fé-nýta, tt, to turn to account, make use of, Bs. i. 760, Grág. ii. 155. fé-penningr, m. a penny-worth, Bs. i. 757. fé-pína, u, f. a fine, H. E. i. 511. fé-prettr, m. a money trick, N. G. L. i. 123. fé-pynd, f. extortion, Bs. i. 757. fé-ráð, n. pl. advice in money-matters, 656 C. 16. fé-rán, n. plunder, Fs. 9, Fms. vi. 263, Fb. i. 215 (in a verse):—execution, confiscation, in the law phrase, féráns-dómr, m. a court of execution or confiscation to be held within a fortnight after the sentence at the house of a person convicted in one of the two degrees of outlawry, vide Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 29–33, and the Sagas passim, esp. Hrafn. 21, Sturl. i. 135; cp. also Dasent, Introd. to Burnt Njal. fé-ríkr, adj. rich, wealthy, Fms. ix. 272, Gullþ. 7, Ld. 102, Skálda 203. fé-samr, adj. lucrative, Sturl. i. 68 C. fé-sátt ( fé-sætt), f. an agreement as to payment, of weregild or the like, Grág. i. 136, Nj. 189, Ld. 308. fé-sekr, adj. fined, sentenced to a fine, Grág. i. 393. fé-sekt, f. a fine, Nj. 189, Finnb. 276. fé-sinki, f. niggardliness, Sks. 421, 699. fé-sinkr, adj. niggardly, Sturl. i. 162. fé-sjóðr, m., prop. a bag of money, Band. 6, Fbr. 35 new Ed., Nj. 55, Fas. iii. 194: mod. esp. in pl. a treasury, treasure, in Matth. vi. 20, Col. ii. 3, Heb. xi. 26. fé-skaði, a, m. loss in money, Bs. i, Fs. 4, Fms. iv. 327. fé-skipti, n. a sharing or division of property, Nj. 118, Ld. 134. fé-skjálgr, adj., féskjálg augu, eyes squinting for money, Band. 6. fé-skortr, m. shortness of money, Rd. 284. fé-skuld, f. a money debt, Finnb. 350. fé-skurðr, m. detriment, Ld. 44. fé-skygn, adj. covetous, Fms. v. 263. fé-skylft ( fé-skylmt), n. adj., in the phrase, e-n er f., one has many expenses to defray, Grett. 89, 159, Eb. 98. fé-snauðr, adj. poor in money, penniless, Bs. i. 335. fé-sníkja, u, f. ( fé-sníkni), begging, intruding as a parasite, Sks. 669, 451, 585. fé-snúðr, m. lucre, Band. 5, 655 xi. 4. fé-sparr, adj. sparing, close-handed, Band. 6, Fms. iii. 190. fé-spjöll, n. pl. an απ. λεγ. in Vsp. 23, fee-spells, i. e. spells wherewith to conjure hidden treasures out of the earth, where we propose to read,—valði hón (MS. henne, dat.) Herföðr (dat.) … f. spakleg, she (the Vala) endowed the father of hosts (Odin) with wise fee-spells; the passage in Yngl. S. ch. 7—Óðinn vissi of allt jarðfé hvar fólgit var—refers to this very word; Odin is truly represented as a pupil of the old Vala, receiving from her his supernatural gifts. fé-sterkr, adj. wealthy, Fms. iv. 231, Sks. 274. fé-stofn, m. stock. fé-sæla, u, f. wealth, Hkr. i. 15, Edda 16. fé-sæll, adj. wealthy, Edda 15. fé-sök, f. a suit, action for money, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 138. fé-útlega, u, f. a fine, outlay, N. G. L. i. 85. fé-vani, adj. short of money, Fms. iv. 27. fé-ván, f. expectancy of money, Gullþ. 7, Eg. 241, Fms. iv. 27, Orkn. 208. fé-veizla, u, f. contributions, help, Sks. 261, v. l. fé-vél, n. a trick, device against one’s property, N. G. L. i. 34. fé-víti, n. mulct, Grág. fé-vænliga, adv. in a manner promising profit, Fms. v. 257. fé-vænligr, adj. promising profit, profitable, Sturl. i. 138, Fms. v. 257. fé-vænn, adj. = févænligr, Sturl. i. 138. fé-vöxtr, m. increase in property, gain, Eg. 730. fé-þurfi, adj. in need of money, Eb. 164, Fms. ii. 80, Lv. 108, Fas. i. 392. fé-þúfa, u, f. a ‘money-mound,’ used in the Tales like Fortunatus’ purse; in the phrase, hafa e-n fyrir féþúfu, to use one as a milch cow, to squeeze money out of one. fé-þyrfi and fé-þörf, f. need of money, poverty, Rd. 236. fé-örk, f. a money-chest, 224.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FÉ

  • 25 FULL-

    * * *
    in compds. fully, quite, amply.
    * * *
    in COMPDS, fully, quite, enough; it may be used with almost any adjective or adverb, e. g. full-afla, adj. fully able to, Gþl. 265, 371. full-afli, a, m. a full mighty man, Lex. Poët. full-bakaðr, part. full-baked, Orkn. 112, Fas. i. 85. full-boðit, part. n. good enough for, fully a match for, Bjarn. 8. full-borða, adj. a ‘full-boarded’ ship, with bulwarks of full height, Fms. ii. 218. full-býli, n. full provisions for a house, Bs. ii. 145. full-djarfliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), with full courage, Fms. viii. 138. full-drengiligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), full bold, Eg. 29, Lex. Poët. full-drukkinn, part. quite drunk, Edda, Fms. i. 291, Ó. H. 72. full-dýrr, adj. full dear, N. G. L. i. 37. full-elda, adj. full hot, Fas. ii. 361. full-eltr, part. pursued enough, Ísl. ii. 361. full-féa, adj. = fullfjáðr. full-fengi, n. a sufficient haul, Gullþ. 9, Bs. ii. 42. full-fengiligr, adj. quite good, Stj. 201. full-ferma, d, to load full, Ísl. ii. 77. full-fimr, adj. quite alert, Fas. iii. 485. full-fjáðr, part. full monied, Gþl. 514. full-frægt, n. adj. famous enough, Fs. 17. full-fúss, adj. quite ready, Fms. x. 402, Grett. 159. full-færa, ð, to prove fully, Stat. 296. full-gamall, adj. full old, Fas. i. 376, Orkn. 112. full-gildi, n. a full prize, Thom. 18. full-glaðr, adj. full glad, Fms. iii. 52. full-goldit, part. fully paid, Þorst. St. 54. full-góðr, adj. good enough, Fms. i. 289, vii. 272, Ó. H. 115, Sks. 219. full-göra, ð, to fulfil, complete, perform, Stj. 391, Hkr. ii. 396, Fms. i. 189, Fs. 42, Bjarn. 25: reflex., K. Á. 108, Str. 2. full-görð, performance, D. N. full-görla (full-görva, Ls. 30), adv. full clearly, Stj. 608, Hom. 159, Fms. i. 215. full-görliga, adv. fully, Str. 19. full-görr, part. fully done, Bárð. 165, Stj. 166 ( ripe): metaph. full, perfect, f. at afli, Fms. vi. 30. full-hefnt, part. fully avenged, Fas. ii. 410, Al. 34. full-heilagr, adj. full holy, Hom. 156. full-hugðr, part. full-bold, dauntless, El. 6; cp. Gh. 15, where full-hugða seems to be a verb pret. and to mean to love. full-hugi, a, m. a full gallant man, a hero without fear or blame, Eg. 505, Fms. ii. 120, vii. 150, viii. 158, Rd. 223, Ísl. ii. 360. full-indi, n. abundance, Fas. ii. 502. full-ílla, adv. (full-íllr, adj.), full ill, badly enough, Fas. i. 222, Am. 83. full-kaupa, adj. bought full dearly, Ó. H. 114. full-kátr, adj. gleeful, Fms. viii. 101. full-keyptr, part. bought full dearly, Nj. 75, Þórð. 65. full-koma, mod. full-komna, að, to fulfil, complete, Stj. 51, Bs. i. 694, K. Á. 22. full-kominn, part. perfect; f. at aldri, afli, etc., full-grown, Fms. vii. 199, xi. 182, Nj. 38, Eg. 146, 256; f. vin, 28, 64; f. ( ready) at göra e-t, Hkr. i. 330: freq. in mod. usage, perfect, N. T. full-komleikr (- leiki), m. perfectibility, Barl. fullkom-liga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), perfectly, Barl. full-kosta, adj. full-matched (of a wedding), Nj. 16, Fms. iii. 108, Fs. 31. full-kvæni, adj. well married, Skv. 1. 34. full-langt, n. adj. full long. full-launaðr, part. fully rewarded, Grett. 123. full-leiksa, adj. having a hard game ( hard job), Bjarn. 66. full-lengi, adv. full long, Fms. vi. 18, Sturl. i. 149. full-liða, adj. having men ( troops) enough, Ísl. ii. 347: quite able, Gþl. 265, v. l. full-liga, adv. fully, Fms. v. 226, ix. 257, Greg. 58. full-malit, part. having ground enough, Gs. 16. full-mikill, adj. full great, Fs. 16. full-mæli, n. a final, full agreement, Gþl. 211, v. l. full-mælt, part. spoken enough ( too much), Hkr. i. 232. full-mætr, adj. ‘full-meet,’ valid, Dipl. ii. 2. full-numi, full-numa (full-nomsi, Barl. 73), adj.; f. í e-u, or f. e-s, having learnt a thing fully, an adept in a thing, Bárð. 181, Fas. ii. 241, Sturl. iii. 173, Karl. 385. full-nægja, ð, to suffice, Fb. ii. 324; mod. Germ. genug-thun = to alone for. full-nægja, u, f. [Germ. genug-thuung], atonement. full-ofinn, part. full-woven, finished, El. 27. full-orðinn, part. full-grown, of age, Grett. 87 A. full-ráða, adj. fully resolved, Fms. viii. 422. full-reyndr, part. fully tried, Rd. 194, Fms. vii. 170. full-rétti, n. a law term, a gross insult for which full atonement is due, chiefly in the law of personal offence: phrases, mæla fullrétti við mann, of an affront in words, Grág. i. 156, ii. 144; göra fullrétti við e-n, to commit f. against one, i. 157; opp. to hálfrétti, a half, slight offence: fullrétti was liable to the lesser outlawry, Grág. l. c. fullréttis-orð, n. a verbal affront, defined as a gross insult in N. G. L. i. 70, but in a lighter sense in Grág. ii. 144, cp. Gþl. 195. fullréttis-skaði, a, m. scathe resulting from f., Gþl. 520, Jb. 411. fullréttis-verk, n. a deed of f., Gþl. 178. full-ríkr, adj. full rich, Fms. v. 273, viii. 361, Fas. iii. 552. full-roskinn, adj. full-grown, Magn. 448, Grett. 87. full-rýninn, adj. fully wise, Am. 11. full-ræði, n. full efficiency, Valla L. 202: full match = fullkosta, Fms. i. 3; fullræði fjár, efficient means, Ó. H. 134, cp. Fb. ii. 278: fullræða-samr, adj. efficient, active, Bs. i. 76. full-rætt, part. enough spoken of, Gh. 45. full-röskr, adj. in full strength, Vígl. 26, Grett. 107 A, 126. full-sekta, að, to make one a full outlaw, Ísl. ii. 166. full-skipat, part. n. fully engaged, taken up, Fas. iii. 542. full-skipta, t, to share out fully, Fms. xi. 442. full-skjótt, n. adj. full swiftly, Fms. viii. 210. full-snúit, part. n. fully, quite turned, Fms. viii. 222. full-sofit, sup. having slept enough, Dropl. 30. full-spakr, adj. full wise, Gs. 8; a pr. name, Landn. full-staðit, part. n. having stood full long, Gs. 23. full-steiktr, part. fully roasted, Fs. 24. full-strangr, adj. full strong, Mkv. full-svefta (full-sæfti, v. l.), adj. having slept enough, Sks. 496, Finnb. 346. full-sæfðr, part. quite dead, put to rest, Al. 41. full-sæla, u, f. wealth, bliss; f. fjár, great wealth, Fms. vii. 74, xi. 422, Fas. iii. 100, Band. 25; eilíf f., eternal bliss, 655 xiii. A. 2. full-sæll, adj. blissful, Fms. viii. 251, Band. 7. full-sæmdr, part. fully honoured, Fas. iii. 289. full-sæmiliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), with full honour, Fas. iii. 124. full-sætti, n. full agreement, full settlement, Grág. ii. 183. full-tekinn, part.; f. karl, a full champion (ironic.), Grett. 208 A. new Ed. (slang). full-tíða ( full-tíði), adj. full-grown, of full age, Eg. 185, Js. 63, 73, Grág. ii. 112, Landn. 44 (v. l.), Gþl. 307, 434, K. Á. 58, Vígl. 18, Ísl. ii. 336: gen. pl. fulltíðra, Grág. ii. 113. full-trúi, a, m. a trustee, one in whom one puts full confidence, also a patron, Fms. iii. 100, xi. 134, Rd. 248, in all these passages used of a heathen god; frændi ok f., Bs. i. 117: vinr ok f., Fms. v. 20:—in mod. usage, a representative, e. g. in parliament, a trustee, commissary, or the like. full-tryggvi, f. full trust, Grett. 97 new Ed. full-týja, ð, to help, = fulltingja, Fm. 6. full-vandliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), with full care, Fas. iii. 237. full-váxinn, part. full-grown, 655 xxx. 5, Al. 18, Stj. 255, Sks. 35. full-vaxta, adj. = fullvaxinn, Nj. 259 (v. l.), Sks. 35 ( increased). full-veðja, adj. one who is a full bail or security, H. E. i. 529, N. G. L. i. 215; in mod. usage, one who is fully able to act for oneself. full-vegit, part. n. having slain enough, Am. 50. full-vel, adv. full well, Skálda 161, Fms. viii. 162, Fas. i. 104. full-velgdr, part. quite warm, fully cooked, Fas. iii. 389. full-virði, n. a full prize, Grág. ii. 216. full-víss, adj. full wise, quite certain, Hom. 160. full-þroskaðr, part. full-grown, full strong, Fær. 97, Valla L. 196. full-þurr, adj. full dry, Eb. 260, Grett. 109. full-öruggr, adj. fully trusting.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FULL-

  • 26 RÁÐA

    (ræð; réð, réðum; ráðinn), v.
    1) to advise, counsel, ráða e-m e-t (réðu vinir hans honum þat, at hann berðist eigi við þik);
    ráða e-m ráð, to give one counsel;
    2) to consult about, discuss, with dat. (ráða landráðum);
    ráða ráðum sínum, to hold a conference;
    3) to devise, plan;
    þeir ráða atför við Gunnar, thev plan an onslaught on G.;
    réð hón þeim bana, she plotted that man’s death;
    4) to plot or cause one’s death, = ráða e-m bana (þær atluðu, at konungr mundi hafa ráðit hann);
    Reginn mik réð, R. betrayed me;
    réðu þeir þat þá með sér, they settled this among themselves;
    6) to fix, decide, resolve, with acc.;
    ek hefi áðr ráðit brúðlaup mitt, I have fixed my wedding day;
    réðu þeir þá þat at fara ofan til Rangár, then they resolved to ride down to Rang river;
    ráða e-t til staðar, to settle, fix definitively, = staðráða e-t (vil ek finna konung áðr en ek ráða þetta til staðar);
    7) to hire, take into service (ráða skipverja, ráða sér hjón);
    bóndi sagði húsfreyju, at hann hafði Hrapp ráðit með sér, that he had taken H. into his company;
    8) to rule, govern, with dat. (ráða landi, ríki; Einarr jarl ráð þá Orkneyjum);
    9) to rule, command, have one’s way, prevail, decide, settle (skal hón sjálf ráða hvárt hón vill hann eða eigi);
    skal ráða afl með þeim, the majority shall decide;
    Ólafr bað móður sína. eina ráða, to settle the matter alone;
    landfall ræðr fyrir sunnan, makes the boundary towards the south;
    with dat., hvárt ræðr þú því, er, is it your doing that..?;
    ráða engu, to have no authority, be of no avail (orðheill þín skal engu ráða);
    ráða landamerkjum, to make the boundary (Hafslœkr réð þar landamerkjum);
    ráða búi sínu, to conduct, manage one’s estate;
    hann réð sér sjálfr, he was independent;
    ertu nökkurs ráðandi hér, have you any authority here?
    10) to have, possess, be master of, enjoy;
    ráða fé ok fjörvi, to enjoy wealth and life;
    11) to explain, read;
    ráða gátu, to read a riddle;
    ráða draum, to interpret a dream;
    ráða e-t at líkindum, to judge from probabilities (engar munu fríðari en þínar dœtr, ef at líkindum skal ráða);
    12) to read and understand (ráða rúnar, stafi, rit);
    réð ek þær rúnar, er reist þín systir, I have read the runes thy sister engraved;
    13) to punish, chastise, with dat. (fóstri hans var harðr við hann ok réð honum mjök);
    ráða stórt, to aim high, undertake great things;
    15) periphrastically with an infin., to do;
    ráðumk ganga, we (I) do go;
    hón réð vakna (= hón vaknaði), she awoke;
    þau lög, er hann réð upp at segja, the laws which he pronounced;
    16) with preps.:
    ráða e-t af, to resolve, make up one’s mind (réð hann þat af at sigla súðr til Danmerkr);
    to discontinue, put a stop to (ek hygg, at Þóroddr ætli nú at af ráða hingatkvámur þínar);
    to do away with (þú verðr nú þetta vandræði af at ráða);
    ráða e-n af e-u, to make one leave off (af hefir þú mik ráðit brekvísi við þik);
    ráða e-u af (e-u), to get off;
    Þ. bað menn taka forka ok ráða af skipinu, to get the ship off, set her afloat;
    ráða e-n af = ráða e-n af lífi, af dögum, to put out of the way, put to death (hann kvazt mundu af ráða illmenni þessi);
    ráða at e-m, to attack (njósnarmenn hlupu upp ok réðu at þeim);
    ráða á e-t, to set about a thing (þeir réðu á íshöggit);
    ráða á e-n, to attack one (þorðu aldri úvinir hans á hann at ráða);
    ráða bót (bœtr) á e-u, to remedy, make good (þóttust menn eigi kunna bœtr á þessu ráða);
    ráða eptir e-m, to pursue one;
    ráða e-n frá e-u, to deprive one of, exclude one from (ráða e-n frá landi, ríki);
    ráða fyrir e-u, to command, have authority over, be master of (ráða fyrir skipi, hofi, fé, eldi);
    ráða í e-t, to guess at, find out (Gormr konungr réð ekki í þetta);
    ráða móti, í móti e-m, to attack one (í móti Kára réð Mörðr);
    ráða e-n ofan, to overthrow;
    ráða ór e-u, to find an expedient, solve a difficulty (er nú vant ór at ráða);
    ráða til e-s, to rush in upon, attack (hann reiddi upp øxina ok réð til Þórvarðs); to take to (set about) a thing, try, make an attempt;
    S. kom fótum undir sik, ok réð til í annat sinn, and tried again the second time;
    ok er nú til at ráða, ef þér vilit, now is the time for action, if you are willing;
    skal ráða til árinnar eða eigi, shall we try to pass the river or not?;
    ráða til orrostu, to go to battle;
    ráða til uppgöngu, to make an ascent;
    ráða til ferðar, to start on a journey;
    ráða skipi til hlunns, to draw a ship on to land;
    ráða um e-t, to dispose of (megum vér eigi ráða um hennar gjaforð);
    to deliberate on (konungr gaf jarli orlof at ráða um þetta við menn sina);
    ráða um at gøra e-t, to be about to do a thing (hann tók um strenginn ok réð um at fara upp í skipit);
    ráða um við e-n, to put an end to, finish off (var Alfr þá kominn ok ætlaði skjótt um at ráða við Finnboga);
    ráða e-t or e-u undan e-m, to deprive one of (hón vildi eigi giptast, því at hón vildi eigi ráða fé undan dóttur sinni);
    ráða e-t undir e-n, to put in the charge of (þá réðu þeir goðorð sitt undir Rafn);
    ráða e-t upp, to read up (þessi sömu bréf lét erkibiskup upp ráða í Danmörku);
    ráða við e-n, to be able to master one (muntu nú einn við mik ráða);
    ráða e-t við sik, to make up one’s mind;
    ráða yfir e-u, to rule, govern;
    17) refl., ráðast.
    * * *
    pres. ræð, ræðr, ræð; pl. ráðum, ráðit, ráða; pret. réð, 2nd pers. rétt, réttu, rhymed with hætta, Fms. vi. (in a verse); mod. réðst, pl. réðu; subj. réði; imper. ráð, ráddú; part. ráðinn; a middle form ráðumk, Hom. 113; a weak pret. indic. réði occurs in the poem Jd. 35 (ótrauðr á haf réði), and in prose, Fms. i. 223, and is freq. in mod. usage (eg réði honum að bíða … hann réði því ekki): [a word common to all Teut. languages; A. S. ræðan; Old Engl. rede and read; Germ. rathen; Dan. raade; the Goth. has rêdan, but it is rarely used in Ulf.]
    A. To advise, counsel, with dat. of the thing and acc. of the person; ráða e-m e-t, réðu vinir hans honum þat, at hann berðisk eigi við þik, Nj. 33; réðu honum þat allir at samna liði. Eg. 9; ráða e-m ráð, to give one counsel, Vþm. 1; ráðumk þér, Hm. 113 sqq.; þat ræð ek þér, Sdm. 22 sqq., Nj. 61; makligr ertú þeirra, segir Njáll, ok réð honum ráðin, 71; ráð er þér ráðit, Fm. 21; ráða e-m heilræði, Nj. 85.
    2. to consult; ráða ráðum sínum, to hold a conference, Edda 26, Fms. vii. 259; vóru opt á tali ok ráða-stefnu ok réðu landráðum, i. 52.
    3. to devise; þá menn er konu hafa numit eða þat hafa ráðit, Grág. i. 354, Gullþ. 14.
    4. to fix, decide, determine, resolve, with acc.; ek hefi áðr ráðit brúðlaup mitt, Nj. 4; ráða samband, Gullþ. 14; ráða atför við Gunnar, Nj. 1, 7; réðu þeir þat þá með sér, 93; hefi ek ráðit honum kvánfang, 151; siðan réð Gunnarr utanferð sína með honum, 41, cp Sturl. ii. 168; ráða e-m ró, Ls. 55:—ráða e-t af, to form a decision, Eg. 337; en af verðr at ráða nokkut ór hverju vandræði, Lv. 39:—ráða e-t við sik, to make up one’s mind; hvárt hann vildi þar vera eða fara til Íslands, hann kvaðsk eigi þat hafa ráðit við sik, Nj. 123:—ráða um e-t, to deliberate; hann gaf jarli orlof at ráða um þetta kjör við menn sína, Ó. H. 97:—ráða e-t (or e-u) til staðar, to settle, fix definitely, Fms. ii. 78, Ld. 178:—ráða ór, ráða ór e-u, to find an expedient, solve a difficulty, Nj. 177. Ld. 54, 180.
    5. to hire, take into service; ráða skipverja, Fms. vi. 238; réð Hallgerðr sér hjón, Nj. 25; ek em kona Njáls, segir hón, ok ræð ek eigi síðr hjón en hann, 54; Njáll réð honum hjón öll, 151; bóndi sagði húsfreyju sinni at hann hafði Hrapp ráðit með sér, 131; hón hafði ráðit mann til at svíkja konung í drykk, Fms. ix. 5; vilda ek at vit færim í hernað ok réðim menn til með okkr, Nj. 41; ráða land undan e-m, Fb. ii. 171.
    6. to plan, plot, contrive, or cause one’s death, put to death, betray, Germ. verra’ben; Regin þik réð, hann þik ráða mun, Fm. 22; þú rétt hann, Fas. i. 202; þær ætluðu at konungr mundi hafa rúðit hann, Fms. iv. 312; hann réð Plóg svarta föður-bana sinn, xi. 353; ef kona drepr bónda sinn eða ræðr hann fyrir íllsku sakir, Js. 27; ráða e-m bana, bana-ráð, Nj. 21, 52, Fb. i. 410, Skv. 1. 51:—ráða e-n af, to put out of the way, put to death, Gullþ. 14, Fms. i. 204, Al. 128; sá ótti er nú af ráðinn ok endaðr, Fs. 9; ek hygg at Þóroddr ætli nú af at ráða hingat-kvámur þínar, Eb. 144; ráða e-n frá, to despatch, Ld. 294; ráða e-n af dögum, to put to death; ráða e-n frá ríki, Fms. iii. 18; ráða e-n ofan, to overthrow, Bárð. 164.
    II. to rule, govern, with dat.; ráða Þrænda-lögum, Fms. i. 52; ráða landi, ráða ríki, 22, Nj. 41; Einarr jarl réð Orkneyjum, Fms. i. 197; Hákon konungr réð Noregi, x. 4; er réð fyrir Holtseta-landi, xi. 3; þann konung er ræðr Jórsala-landi … þann er Englandi ræðr, Edda 92; ráða landráðum, to have the government, govern, Fms. i. 52.
    2. to rule, prevail, have one’s own will, as also to manage, lead, have authority, management, and similar usages; skal ráða afl með þeim, Nj. 150; sá reð er ríkr var, Sól.; hann réð sér ekki fyrir kæti, he was beside himself for joy; skal hón sjálf ráða hvárt hón vill hann eða eigi, Nj. 24; ek skal hér ráða, 52; Ólafr bað móður sína eina ráða, Ld. 70; sögðu þá ráða eiga er fleiri vóru, 74; ætlar þú at þú munir ráða. Fms. vii. 13; konungr svarar ok biðr hann ráða, xi. 29: Lögmaðr skal ráða, he shall have the casting vote, Gþl. 18: the phrase, ef ek má ráða, if I can have it as I like; þú ræðr því, as you like! þvíat þar ræðr eigi frændsemi, Grág. i. 172: to rule, sól skal ráða um sumar en dagr um vetr, Gþl.; landfall ræðr (rules, makes the boundary) fyrir sunnan, Pm. 88; ór ánni ræðr keldan … ok lækr út úr henni til sjáfar, Dipl. ii. 1; ráða landa-merkjum, Eg. 711; ráða boði ok banni, Gþl. 76; ráða búi ok kaupum, 269; ráða giptingum, 211; ráða sessa kostum, Gm. 14; ráða kaupum, fé, skipti, Gþl.; ráða fé til þarfa, to dispose of money to advantage, put it out at interest, Gþl.; sigri vér ráðumk, Orkn. (in a verse); hugr ræðr hálfum sigri, a saving; ráða sínum ferðum, Fms. i. 75; réð Örn leiðsögu, Ld. 74: hvárt ek má nokkuru um þat ráða, Fms. vii. 13; mörgum ræðr litlu hve, ‘tis of small interest, Am. 33; ráða engu, Hdl. 49; ráða veðri. Rb. 388; veðr ræðr akri en vit syni, Hm.; hvar skal ek sitja—Móðir mín skal því ráða, Nj. 7; ek réð ráði hennar fyrr, i. e. gave her away, 23; hvárt hann kunni ráða fé sínu, Grág. i. 176; ráða orði, ii. 309; hvárt ræðr þú því er Steinarr son þinn sækir sökum Þorstein son minn, hast thou caused it, is it thy making? Eg. 727; þú því rétt er ek ríða skyldak, Fm. 26; ek því ræð, er þú ríða sér-at, Ls. 28; en réðu því Nornir, Orkn. (in a verse); ílla réð ek því, that was foolishly done, Fbr. (in a verse); ek hefi því ráðit, at …, Ísl. ii. 322; því þykki mér ráðit, well done, Sks. 100:—various phrases, ráða e-u bót (bætr) or ráða bót (bætr) á e-u, to mend, better, Hom. 159, Ld. 206, Fms. vii. 162, Landn. 8, Eb. 114:—with prep., ráða fyrir e-u (for-ráð), to rule, manage, govern, Fms. i. 288, Hkr. 1. 40; ráða fyrir lögum, Nj. 5, 150, Eg. 34, 239, 754, Ld. 76, 132, Fms. i. 11, Grág. i. 333:—ráða um e-t, to dispose of, (um-ráð); nú megu vit ekki ráða um hennar gjaforð, Fms. iv. 194:—ráða við e-ð, to be able to do, manage, Bárð. 163; eg ræð ekki við hann (þat), I cannot manage him; við-ráðanlegr, manageable:—ráða yfir e-u (yfir-ráð), to rule, govern, Fms. iv. 83.
    3. to have, possess, enjoy; hvítum ræðr þú enn hjöltunum, … ráða deigum brandinum, Eb. 238; ráða fé ok fjörvi, to enjoy wealth and life, Fm. 26; ráða arfi, gulli, hringum, Skv. 2. 9, Hkv. Hjörv. 6, 11; ráða nafni, aldri, hjarta, lofi, dýrð, to enjoy a name, life …, Lex. Poët.; ráða eign ok auðsölum. Fsm. 8, 9; ráða rauðum manni, to be red, Fbr. (in a verse):—part. ráðandi, with gen., ertu nokkurs ráðandi hér, hast thou any authority here? Nj. 54; þess verða ek ráðandi við mína menn, I will manage that. Fms. xi. 30; vera mikils ráðandi, of great influence, Fas. ii. 504: ráðandi postula, the ruler of the apostles, Edda 92, Lex. Poët.
    III. to explain, read; ráða gátu, to read a riddle, Fas. i. 454; varð engi sú gáta upp borin er hann réði (subj.) eigi, 532; ráða e-t, Am. 22; ráða draum, to read a dream, Nj. 121, Ld. 126, Ísl ii. 194, 197, x. 270, xi. 3, Rb. 394; Pharao dreymdi drauma ok urðu eigi ráðendr til, Ver. 17; veiztú hve rísta skal, veiztú hve ráða skal, of magical characters, Hm. 145:—ráða í e-t, to guess at, find out, Fms. xi. 16; ok væntir mik at eigi mundi í þat ráðit, Ísl. ii. 333; munu þeir ekki í ráða er myrkt er, 378, Fær. 255.
    2. to read, prop. to explain, interpret; skal hann láta ráða skrá heima at kirkju, K. Þ. K. 46; ráða rúnar, Am. 12, Hom. (St.); þegar Domitianus hafði rit ráðit, 623. 12, Karl. 16: ráða upp, to read up; þessi sömu bréf lét erkibiskup upp ráða í Danmörku, Fms. viii. 293; á alþingi léc Páll biskup ráða upp jarteinir ens sæla Þórláks, Bs. i. 352; tók ok lét þar upp ráða, 623. 10; ráða skrá, K. Þ. K.
    IV. to punish, chastise, with dat.; Guð ræðr oss till batnaðar sem sonum, Greg. 73; fóstri hans var harðr við hann ok réð honum mjök, Bs. i. 416; nú ef sveinn vill eigi nema ok leiðisk bók, þá skal hann færa til annarra verka, ok ráða honum til, svá at hvárki verði af örkuml né ílit, K. Þ. K. 56; honum var ráðit fyrir flestum höfuð-kirkjum, Sturl. ii. 147:—with acc., konu sína skal engi maðr með höggum ráða at öldri né at áti, N. G. L. i. 29; nú ef maðr ræðr konu sína eigna lyklum eða lásum ( beats her with keys or bars), þá er hann sekr, 356 (ráðning).
    V. with the notion of action, to undertake; ráða stórt, to aim high, aspire, Lex. Poët.; kann vera at ek finna þann höfðingja at minnr vaxi fyrir augum at ráða stórt ( to undertake great things), en þér konungr, Fms. vi. 399 (stór-ræði); ráða gott, to manage well, Ó. H. (in a verse).
    2. with prepp., ráða á e-t, to take to a thing; þeir réðu á íshöggit, Fms. vi. 336; ráða á e-n, to attack one; mun eigi þá á þik ráðit, Nj. 93, 253 (á-ræði):—ráða at e-m, to attack, invade, passim:—ráða af, to get off, clear; hann bað þá taka forka ok ráða at skipinu, and get the ship off, set her afloat, Ld. 56; aðilinn ræðr sik af baugbrotum, ef …, Grág. ii. 173; at hefir þú mik ráðit brekvísi, thou hast cured me of complaining, Ld. 134:—þá réðu þeir goðorð sitt undir Rafn fyrir sakir vinsælda hans, they put their ‘godord’ in the charge of R., Bs. i. 642:—ráða móti e-m, to go against in a fight, withstand; í móti Kára réð Mörðr Sigfússon, Nj. 253:—ráða til e-s, to rush in upon; hann reiddi upp öxina ok réð til Þorvarðar, Sturl. ii. 37, (til-ræði, an assault): to take to a thing, try, í vár réðu vér til ok hljópum í brott, Eg. 235; ok er þeim þótti sér færi til at ráða leyndusk þeir á brott, when they saw an opportunity they stole away, 572; ok er nú til at ráða ef þér vilit, now is the time for action, Nj. 154; Skarphéðinn kom fótum undir sik, ok réð þegar til í annat sinn, 202:—to start, make for, attempt, ráða til orrostu, to go to battle, Eg. 530; ráða til uppgöngu, 229; en þó ekki svá at til hans væri ráðanda (gerund.), Fms. vi. 352; réð hann þá til ok hjó sundr orminn, id.; þat var ekki annarra manna hlaup, enda réð ok engi til, Eg.; þeir ráða til ok hlaupa í munn drekanum, Fb. ii. 317; skal ráða til árinnar eðr eigi, shall we try to pass the river or not? Ld. 46; hann bauð út miklum her ok réð til skipa, Fms. i. 22; ráða til ferðar, to start on a journey, Landn.:—ráða skipi til hlunns, to put the ship in a shed, Eg. 515, Nj. 10; ráða sik frá e-u, to disengage oneself from, Hom. 147, MS. 655 xxvi. 1; ráða um, hann tók um strenginn, ok réð um at fara upp í skipit, and was just about to go up into the ship, Fms. ix. 24.
    3. periphrastically, with an infin. mostly without the particle ‘at;’ ráðumk ganga, we do go, Am. 77; ráðum yppa, spyrja segja, leyna, Lex. Poët.; hverr er segja ræðr, does tell, Hm. 125; hón réð vakna, she awoke, Am. 10; annan réð hón höggva, 48; ekki réttu leifa, 80; allt þats réð heita, 102; réð ek at ganga, Fas. ii. (in a verse); ef ek ræð á vág at vaða, Hbl. 47: with the particle ‘at,’ réð at stökkva, Eb. (in a verse): also reflex., réðsk at sofna, Rm. 5; but réð at sofna, went to sleep, 17: in prose, þau lög sem hann réði upp at segja, Íb. 12; ráðask geyja, Am. 24.
    B. Reflex. ráðask, referring to the person himself; ráðask um við e-n, to consult; Gunnarr görði görðina ok réðsk við öngan mann um, Nj. 80; hvárigum þótti ráð ráðit nema við aðra réðisk um, 167; ef hann hefði nokkut við mik um ráðisk, Ld. 306; þá réðsk hann um við vini sína, Eg. 9.
    2. to be resolved, fixed, settled; þá er kaupit réðsk, Nj. 17; eigi mun þat svá skjótt ráðask, Ísl. ii. 213; þetta mál er miklu meira en þat megi skjótt ráðask, Fms. vi. 18; af þeim tiðendum ræðsk þat, at …, ix. 433; eigi mun þetta ráðask þessu sinni, xi. 4; þá var ráðin sættin, Ld. 308; en ráðit kalla ek kaupit, Sd. 179; réðsk hann þá þar at hjóni, he hired himself out, entered service, Nj. 57. 3 (answering to and identical with A. V above), ráðask frá, to leave; þóat ek ráðumk frá, Fms. i. 225: ráðask í e-t, to undertake; ráðask í hernað, passim; hann réðsk í flokk með þeim, Nj. 94, Fb. ii. 172:—ráðask til e-s, to venture on a thing; þá ráðsk (imper.) þú til ok far í hauginn, Fms. iv. 28:—to move one’s abode, Hákon spurði Gunnar ef hann vildi ráðask til Hákonar jarls, Nj. 41; bið Una selja jörð sína ok ráðask hingat til mín, Orkn.; hann réðsk þangat bygðum, Þorf. Karl. 364; ráðask til ferðar (= Germ. sich begeben), Eg. 4; víkingar ok herkonungar er réðusk til liðs með Eiríki, Fms. i. 24; réðsk hann þá þangat um várit at fardögum ok móðir hans, Bs. i. 455: ráðask ór hernaði, to give up, leave off freebooting, Fg. 2:—at þeim hafði óheppilega um ráðisk, they had formed an unhappy plan, Knytl. S. ch. 69 (Lex. Poët.); cp. miðráðit.
    4. to turn out; ok réðsk til allgiptusamliga, Fms. x. 53; and in the mod. phrase, það réðsk vel, ended well; sjá hvernig það ræðst, see how it will turn out; of a dream, to prove true (see A. III), ok vilda ek at hvergi réðisk, Gísl. 24 (hvárngi réði, impers., 108, l. c.):—réðsk mikit mannfall, there came to be a great slaughter, Odd, 28.
    II. recipr., ráðask á, to attack one another; þeir spruttu upp með íllyrðum, ok svá kom at þeir ráðask á, Nj. 128.
    III. part. ráðinn, resolved, determined, Ölk. 36, Bárð. 173; hann mælti fátt eðr ekki við frá, … ef hann var ráðinn til at drepa þá, Fms. vii. 319:—likely, eigi er ráðit at oss fari svá, Nj. 89; þat er þó eigi ráðit hvárt svá berr til, Ld. 24; eigi er þat ráðit, at honum þætti allt sem hann talaði, Band. 12: compar., er engi ráðnari hlutr, more certain, Hom. (St.); at ráðnu, for certain, id.: valid, nýmæli ekki skal vera lengr ráðit en þrjú sumur, K. Þ. K. 56.
    2. clever; ríkr ok ráðinn, Grett. 90; vitr maðr ok ráðinn, Fb. ii. 357; roskinn ok ráðinn.
    3. betrayed, Germ. verrathen, Akv. 15, Fm. 37.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > RÁÐA

  • 27 SNÚA

    * * *
    (sný; snøra or snera; snúinn), v.
    1) to turn, with dat.;
    snýr jarl þangat herinum, the earl turns his host thither;
    snúa úfriði á hendr e-m, to begin hostilities against one;
    snúa aptr ferð sinni, to turn back;
    2) to turn, go;
    sneru þeir þá yfir ána, then they went across the river;
    þeir snerú í móti þeim ok börðust við þá, they turned against them and fought with them;
    snúa aptr, to turn back;
    snúa brott, to go away (maðrinn sneri þá brott);
    3) to change, alter (hann sneri síðan nafni sínu);
    snúa skapi sínu, to change one’s mind;
    4) to turn, twist, twine (snúa vönd í hárit);
    5) to translate (snúa Látinu-bréfinu í norrœnu);
    6) impers., snýr e-u, it is turned (snøri þá mannfalli í lið Kirjala); it changes (brátt sneri fjáærhaginum fyrir Teiti, er G. var í brottu);
    7) with preps.,
    snúa at e-m, to turn on one;
    snúm vér nú at þeim, let us turn upon them;
    snúa at brúðhlaupi, to prepare for;
    halt svá hendi yfir honum, at øngri hefnd sé til hans snúit, protect him so that no vengeance may befall him;
    snúa e-u til leiðar, to bring about;
    skiptir mik miklu, hversu þú vilt til snúa, what turn thou wilt take;
    snúa e-u um, to turn upside down, upset (um snýr þú öllum, sætunum); to change completely (hón kvaðst hafa ætlat at snúa þar um lands-lagi öllu);
    snúa undan, draw back, retreat, flee (en er Baglar sá þat, þá sneru þeir undan);
    8) refl., snúast.
    * * *
    pres. sný, snýr (snýrðu), snýr; plur. snúm, snúit, snúa: pret. snöri, sneri (also spelt sneyri); subj. snöri and sneri: imperat. snú, snúðú: part. snúinn: [Ulf. sniwan; Dan. snoe.]
    A. To turn, with dat.; sný ek hennar öllum sefa, Hm. 162; ek fékk snúit mínum hesti, Fms. ix. 382; himininn snýr sólu frá austri til vestrs. Rb. 474; hón lét hann mala ok s. kvern, Fas. ii. 377; þeir snúa skipum sínum ok láta framstafna horfa frá landi, Fms. xi. 101; Baglar vildu snúa Rauðsúðinni, viii. 378; hann hafði snúit út skinnunum, vii. 34; snýr jarl þangat herinum, Nj. 127; komask fyrir þá ok snúa þeim aptr, Al. 30: snúa umb öllu því er í er húsinu, Greg. 33; um snýr þú ( to turn up and down) öllum sæmdunum, Ölk. 37; snúa sínu ráði áleiðis með sæmd, to proceed well, take a good turn, Fms. vii. 21; mikit (better miklu) þótti mér þeir þá hafa snúit til leiðar, Edda i. 52; s. máli til sættar, Fms. x. 413; þá snýrðu öllum vanda á hendr mér, Nj. 215; sný ek þessu niði á hönd Eiríki, Eg. 389; at öngri hefnd sé til hans snúit, Nj. 266; snúa vináttu sinni til e-s, Fms. x. 51; s. úfriði á hendr e-m, to turn upon a person, begin hostilities, ix. 436; s. e-m til samþykkis við sik, vii. 307; snúa at brullaupi, to prepare for, Ld. 70, Fms. x. 105; s. til seyðis, Edda; nú skiptir miklu hversu þú vilt til snúa, what turn wilt thon take? Gísl. 58; snúa aptr ferð sinni, to turn back, Fms. vi. 89.
    2. to turn on a journey; göra þá ráð sitt, hvert hann sneyri (subj.) þaðan, … snéri konungr þá með þat lið austr, Fms. v. 24: snúa aptr, to turn back; þeir snéru aptr til Kvenlands, Eg. 59, Fms. vii. 289, viii. 378; at þeir snöri (subj.) heimleiðis … vildu þeir við þetta heim snúa, Rb. 261; sneyru þau suðr, Landn. 77; skipin snéru hér ok hvar undir nesit, Fms. ix. 314; snöri hann þá frá, Stj. 401; þá snéru þeir undan, drew back, Fms. ix. 216; snúm at þeim, let us turn upon them, Nj. 245; snéri hann þá í móti honum, 8; hann snýr í móti honum, 125; sólin snýr um jörðina, turns (passes) round the earth, Rb. 488.
    3. to change, alter; hann snéri siðan namni sínu, Fms. ix. 272; nú skulu vit snúa vísum þeim er mest eru ákveðin orð, v. 173; s. skapi sínu, Fas. i. 339; snúa þingboði í herör, Hkr. i. 270: sneri hón því í villu er hann hafði mælt, Nj. 161; sneri hann manns-líki á sik, 623. 35: to turn, translate, snúa Látinu-bréfinu í Norrænu, Bs. i. (Laur. S.); Rodbert ábóti sneri ok Hakon konungr … lét snúa þessi Norrænu-bók, El; snúa þeim lögum í Norrænu. K. Á. 122; s. ór Franzeizu í Norrænu, Art.
    II. to turn, twist, absol.; fá, mér leppa tvá ór hári-þínu, ok snúit þit móðir mín saman til boga-strengs mér, Nj. 114: with, acc., lét hann snúa hinu ramligustu blýbönd, Fb. i. 564; vóru snúin þar fyrir speld, a shutter for the window, Nj. 114; var vöndr snúinn í hár þeim, Fms. xi. 147; snúa e-n undir, to throw down by a turn or twist, in wrestling, 656 B. 9: so also, snúa e-n niðr, to throw down, Stj. 346; harð-snúinn, hard-twisted; margsnúinn, many-twisted, cp. snúðr, snúðigr; snúa vélar ok svik, to twist, contrive, Sks. 349.
    III. impers. it is turned; þá. snéri um sæti því, it was upset, Sks. 110 B: acc., þá snéri um höll konungsins ok öll önnur hús, 648 B, less correct; henni snýr frá austri til vestrs, Rb. 480; snéri þá mannfalli í lið Kirjála, Eg. 59; sneri mannfalli á hendr Ribbungum, Fms. ix. 313; brátt sneri fjárhaginum fyrir Teiti, Sturl. i. 131 C; ef konur hengja klæði út … en ef um snýr, if they be turned up and down, N. G. L. i. 349.
    B. Reflex. to turn oneself; hafði Gunnarr snúizk í hauginum, Nj. 118; snerisk hann á hæli, 253; allir Þrændir snérusk til hans, Fms. i. 55.
    2. snérisk hann suðr aptr, he returned, Fms. xi. 417; snýsk Jörmungandr í jötunmóði, Vsp.: en þegar eptir snýsk fram Viðarr, W. comes forth, Edda i. 192; snerisk sá maðr fyrir honum inn í höllina, wheeled round into the hall, Edda 34; snúask undan, Nj. 129; snúask at e-m, í móti e-m, við e-m, to turn upon, face about, to meet an attack or the like, 84, 115, 129. Eg. 380, 583, passim: snúask um, to turn up and down; snýsk jörðin um fyrir sjónum þeirra. Fms. i. 9; snúask í hring, to spin round, rotate, Rb. 100; svá snerisk ( it turned out so) at þér kómusk í engan lífs-háska, Eg. 45; þá snýsk veðrátta á inn hægra veg, Rb. 100; vatnið snýsk til loptsins svá, sem þat þynnisk, Stj.; þó er líkast hann snúisk til várrar ættar um vinfengit, Nj. 38; snúask til leiðar, to turn towards the right, Fms. vii. 136; snúask til hlýðni við e-n, i. 232; þú neitaðir Guði ok snérisk aptr ( returnest to sin), … þú tókt við skírn ok snérisk til Guðs, Hom. 151: vér snörumk frá Skapara órum, turned away from our Maker, Greg. 38; at þeir snúisk ok fram heilsu anda sinna, 623. 26; snérisk allr lyðr í sút ok sorg, Stj.: pass., snúask um, s. niðr, he turned up and down, Sks. 110 B.
    II. part., for snúandi, Bs. i. 139, l. 28, read suiuandi, i. e. svífandi.
    2. past part. snúinn, turning to, bent on; snúinn til fégirni, Fms. v. 35; snúinn til vináttu við e-n, xi. 350; lýðr s. Guði til handa, 656 B. 8; konungr var mjök snúinn á þat at sigla til Írlands, enn menn hans löttu, Fms. x. 142, v. l.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SNÚA

  • 28 HVAT

    (old gen. hvess, dat. hví), neut. pron.
    I. int. pron.
    1) what (h. sýnist þér ráð?); h. er þér, Hjálmar? what is the matter with thee, H.?; expressing wonder, what sort of? (h. Øgmundr ertu?); with gen., h. er þat fira, flagða, drauma, fiska? what sort of men. witches, dreams, fishes? h. manna ertu? what sort of a man art thou?; with dat., hann spurði, h. mönnum þeir væri, what kind of men they were;
    2) implying an answer in the negative, to what end? of what use? (h. skal rögum manni langt vápn?)
    3) how, = hve, hversu; fréttir hann nú, h. liði bónorðs-málum, how the was going on;
    II. indef. pron.
    1) each, every; h. at öðru, ‘each with the other’, everything; þat lið, er honum fylgdi, flýr sér hvat, scattered in all directions; h. bíðr sinnar stundar, there is a time for everything;
    2) = hvatki, with the relat. part. ‘er (es)’ or ‘sem’; h. sem or h. es, whatsoever;
    3) with compar., ever so much; hann var til hans h. betr en til sinna barna, he was ever so much kinder to him than to his own children.
    * * *
    neut. pron. of an obsolete hvar; for the other kindred forms see hverr, hví, and hót.
    A. Interrog. direct and indirect, what; eiga at bíða hvat ek skal á kveða, Nj. 3; vita, hvat hann skal við kveða, Hm. 28, Vþm. 55; veit ek eigi hvat til annars kemr, Band. 36 new Ed., passim.
    β. = Germ. was für ein …? North. E. what for a …? for what sort of a …? expressing wonder or the like; hvat Ögmundr ertú, what sort of an O. art thou? Fas. ii. 534; hvat fé er þat? Nj. 55: indirectly, þeir vissu eigi hvat lið þat var, Hkr. i. 268.
    2. with gen., hvat er manna þat mér ókunnra? Vtkv. 5; hvat er þat fíra, flagða, drauma, fiska, what sort of men, witches, dreams, fishes? Alm. 2, 5, Skv. 2. 1, Fsm. 2, Em. i; hvat mun enn verða æfi minnar? Skv. 1. 12, 14, 18; hvat manna ertú, what sort of a man art thou? Fms. ix. 55; hvat kvenna ertú? Dropl. 4; hvat karla er þat? Fms. vii. 152; hvat íþrótta er þat? Edda 31; hvat undra varð þess? 623. 35: indirect, hann spurði hvat manna Hallfreðr var, Fms. ii. 54, vii. 166; hvat sveina þat myndi vera, x. 219; hann spurði hvat væri ráðs hennar, he asked what she intended to do, i. 186; hvat hann vildi ráða sinna, vii. 154; spurði hvat veðrs væfi, Bjarn. 54.
    β. with dat., hvat liði er þetta? Fms. ix. 50; hvat rani var þat? Ísl. ii. 142; hvat húsi stendr þar? Hkr. iii. 187, Stj. 626, 650: indirect, spurði hvat mönnum þeir væri, Eg. 162; hann spyrr hvat mönnum þeir sé, Fær. 64; vita hvat mönnum þeir væri, Hkr, i. 268; hvat erendum, Fs. 11; er hestrinn kenndi hvat hrossi þetta var, Edda 26; Þá þóttisk þórr skilja hvat látum verit hafði um nóttina. 29; hvat matvistum, Str. 81.
    3. what, why, how? in asking, denoting surprise, indignation, or expecting an answer in the negative, Lat. numquid? hvat skal rögum manni langt vápn, to what use? hvat skaltú sveinn í sess minn? Eg. (in a verse); hvat hæfir ykkr með mér at vera? Stj. 420; hvat þarftú at spyrja at nafni minu? 399, 410, 476; hvat ek veit, segir Gunnarr, hvárt …? Nj. 85; hvat mun ek þat vita, how should I know that? Bs. ii. 104.
    4. how = hve; fréttir hann nú hvat liði bónorðs-málum, Ld. 92; hvat hlýðnir landsmenn vóro, Íb. 16; hvat grimm, how cruel! Mar.
    5. causal, why? hvat spyrr þú mik? Hom.; hvat lystr þú mik? id., freq.
    B. Indef. pron. each, every, with the particle er (es) or sem, whatso- ever; hvat sem, or hvat es, whatsoever; hvat dýr sem er, Gþl. 457, Fms. vii. 29; hvat sem hann kostaði til, Edda 29; hvat fjarlægr sem…, howsoever remote…, Stj. 93: with suffixed es, hvaz or hvats, id., see er, p. 131.
    2. with the possess, pron. sinn; hvat bíðr sinnar stundar, Lat. horam quodque suam expectat, there is a time for everything, Nj. 79; flýr sér hvat, they run each his own way, i. e. were scattered in all directions, Fms. x. 268.
    3. hvat af öðru, from one to another, in succession, Fms. i. 128; hvat af hverju, ‘what from which,’ i. e. soon; hans er von hvað af hverju, he is expected every moment, (mod.)
    4. with compar. ever so much; hann var til hans hvat betr enn til sinna barna, he was ever so much kinder to him than to his wn children, Ld. 304.
    II. as interj., hú, há, eðr hvat! Sks. 365 B; vaknaði hann alltrautt ok mælti nær í úvitinu, hvat! hvat! Fms. ix. 24.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HVAT

  • 29 SITJA

    * * *
    (sit; sat, sátum; setinn), v.
    1) to sit, be seated;
    hann sat it næsta honum, he sat next him;
    sitja upp, to sit erect (þeir létu hann sitja upp í hauginum); to sit at table;
    2) to stay, sojourn;
    sitja heima, to stay at home (sitr Gunnarr nú heima nökkura hríð);
    sitja kyrr, to remain quiet, stay at home;
    sitja í festum, to sit as one’s betrothed (of the bride between the betrothal and wedding);
    to reside (Haraldr konungr sat optast á Rogalandi);
    to sit fishing (þeir vóru komnir á þær vastir, er hann var vanr at sitja);
    3) to tarry (gørði liðinu leitt at sitja);
    sitja veðrfastr, to lie weather-bound;
    4) with acc., sitja e-t ór hendi sér, to let it slip through idleness;
    sitja byr ór hendi sér, to miss a fair wind;
    5) sitja vel (illa) jörð, to keep one’s estate in good (bad) order;
    sitja launþing, to hold a secret meeting;
    6) sitja e-t, to put up with, endure (eigi mundu þeir þvílíka skömm eða hneisu setið hafa);
    sitja e-m e-t, to submit to, put up with at one’s hand (sitja mönnum skammir ok skapraunir);
    er slíkt engum manni sitjanda, it is not to be endured from any man;
    7) sitja e-m e-t, to cut one off from (hugðust þeir Sveinn at sitja honum vatn);
    8) with preps.:
    sitja at sumbli, to sit at a banquet;
    sitja at tafli, to sit at chess;
    sitja at fé, nautum, to tend sheep, cattle;
    sitja at málum, to sit over a case, debate it;
    sitja á sannindum, to withhold (conceal) the truth;
    sitja á sér, to control oneself, keep down one’s temper (Hallgerðr sat mjök á sér um vetrinn);
    sitja á svikrædum, svikum við e-n, to plot against one;
    sitja fyrir, to be on the spot (úvíst er at vita, hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir);
    sitja fyrir e-u, to be a hindrance to (sitja fyrir sœmd e-s);
    to be exposed to, have to bear (sitja fyrir hvers manns ámæli);
    sitja fyrir ádrykkju e-s, to be one’s drinking-mate;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to stand questions, be the spokesman;
    sitja fyrir málum, to lead the discussion;
    sitja hjá e-u, to be present at (sitja hjá ráðagerðum e-s);
    to sit idly by (þú munt þó drepa vilja bróður minn, ok er þat skömm, ef ek sit hjá);
    sitja inni, to sit in prison;
    sitja til e-s, to wait;
    er þar til at sitja, we may wait till then;
    to plot against (hann sitr um ríki hans);
    sitja um líf e-s, to seek one’s life;
    sitja um e-n, to lie in wait for, waylay;
    sitja um e-u, to be busy with (sitja um nauðsynjamálum);
    sitja um borðum, to sit at table;
    sitja undir e-u, to be subject to;
    sitja yfir e-u, to sit over a thing, be busy with (ekki mun ek lengr yfir þessu sitja);
    sitja yfir drykkju, borðum, to sit drinking, at table;
    to attend to (sitja yfir málum manna);
    sitja yfir kvæðum, to listen to songs;
    sitja yfir e-u, to take possession of;
    to bear down (hann sat yfir virðland);
    sitja yfir skörðum hlut, to suffer a loss of right;
    sitja yfir sjúkum manni, to sit up with (nurse) a sick person, esp. a woman in labour;
    9) recipr., sitjast nær, to sit near one another.
    * * *
    pres. sit; pret. sat, sazt, sat, pl. sátu; subj. sæti; imperat. sit, sittú; part. setinn; with the neg. suff. sit-k-a, I sit not, Hkv. 2. 34: [Ulf. sitan = καθησθαι; A. S. sittan; Engl. sit; Germ. sitzen; Swed. sitta; Dan. sidde; Lat. sedere; Gr. ἔδος, ἔζεσθαι]:—to sit; s. á haugi. Vsp. 34, Þkv. 6, Skm. 11; þeir sátu á vellinum, Nj. 114; þar sem búarnir sitja, 110, Grág. i. 4; konungr sat á hesti, Fms. x. 255, 408; hann sat it næsta honum, Nj. 2; ganga til matar, ok sátu þeir um hríð, Eg. 483; svá vildi hverr maðr sitja ok standa sem hann bauð, … ok var rétt at segja at hann væri bæði konungr ok biskup yfir landinu, Bs. i. 67; s. fyrir, to be on the spot, Hm. 1: in greetings, sit heill! sitið heilir, ‘sit hale,’ be seated and welcome, Fms. x. 201, Ísl. ii. 438; nú sittú heill, Sighvat (Ó. H. in a verse); seggi biðr hann s. í frið, Skíða R. 28; s. at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. x. 378; s. at sumbli, Ls. 10; s. at tafli, to sit at chess, Ísl. ii. 359; s. at fé, s. at nautum, to tend sheep, neat-cattle, Boll. 336, Eg. 714, Sturl. i. 77; s. at málum, to sit over a case, debate it, Ld. 18; s. á stefnu, to be in the chair at a meeting, Ó. H. 85: s. upp, to sit up, sit erect; þeir létu hann s. upp í hauginum, Nj. 118: to sit at table, Jökull sat upp ok orti vísu, Ó. H. 191; gékk konungrinn at sjá þá er upp sátu, who sate at table, Greg. 43; Eyvindr hafði mest forráð at veizlunni, ok sat ekki upp, Orkn. 246; þeim sinnum er jarl sat upp (uppi Ed.) mataðisk sveinninn með honuni, Fms. ix. 245: s. úti, to sit outside (at night), of wizards (úti-seta), Vsp. 21, Orkn. 234, 246; þat er úbóta-verk at s. úti, N. G. L. i. 350; svá segja menn at Gunnhildr, fóstra Hákonar, léti s. úti til sigrs honum … en Þórdís skeggja er sú kona kölluð sem sagt er at úti sæti, Fms. vii. 275.
    2. with prepp.; sitja á svikræðum, svikum við e-n, to plot against, Fms. i. 263, ii. 34; sitja á sér, to control, constrain oneself; Hallgerðr sat mjök á sér um vetrinn, Nj. 25; hann gat ekki á sér setið, he could not keep quiet:—s. fyrir e-u, to be exposed to, to have to stand the brunt of; s. fyrir ámæli, hættu, afar-kostum, Nj. 71, Fms. v. 71, vii. 125; s. fyrir svörum, to stand questions, be the spokesman, iv. 274, vi. 13, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; s. fyrir málum, to lead a discussion, Fms. ix. 98; s. fyrir e-m, to sit in ambush (fyrir-sát), Nj. 94, 107. Ld. 218: ellipt., Nj. 94, Eg. 577, 743:—s. hjá, to sit by:—s. til e-s, to watch for; er þar til at sitja, Nj. 103:—s. um e-t, to watch for an opportunity; þeir sátu um at rengja, 242; er ætíð sátu um þat at spilla friðinum, Magn. 464: to plot against, s. um sæmd e-s, Fms. v. 273; hann sitr um ríki hans, 293; s. um líf e-s, to seek one’s life, Ld. 40, Fms. i. 223; s. um e-n, to waylay, Landn. 287, Nj. 131:—s. undir, to sit under one, keep him on one’s knees; s. undir barni, sittu undir mér! s. undir lestri, to ‘sit under’ a preaching; s. undir hlyðni, to be subject to, Sks. 476 B:—s. yfir e-u, to sit over a thing; s. yfir drykkju, Eg. 6; s. yfir sjúkum manni, to sit up with a sick person, Fms. vii. 166, x. 250; esp. with a woman in labour, iv. 32, viii. 8 (yfirsetu-kona = a midwife); also, sitja yfir málum manna, to attend to (as judge), Ó. H. 86, Fms. vii. 60, Nj. 189; ekki er nú tóm at s. yfir kvæðum, to listen to songs, Ísl. ii. 235; s. yfir varningi sínum, to sit over one’s wares, Sks. 28: to superintend, Fms. viii. 5 (Fb. ii. 533): sitja yfir e-u, to take possession of what belongs to another person; at úvinir mínir siti eigi yfir mínu, Ísl. ii. 146, 224; þeir menn hafa setið yfir eignum várum ok ættleifð, Fms. i. 223; sitr nú yfir fé því Atli inn skammi, Eg. 468; hann sat yfir virðingu allra höfðingja, Nj. 173; s. yfir hlut e-s, 89, Ld. 66, Eg. 512: s. yfir skörðum hlut, to suffer a loss of right, Ld. 266.
    II. to abide, stay, sojourn; sitja heima, to stay at home; sitr Gunnarr nú heima nokkuta hríð, Nj. 106; s. heima sem dóttir (heima-sæta); s. heima sem mær til kosta, Sams. S. 6; sat hann þar hálfan mánuð, Nj. 106; þat var engi siðr at s. lengr en þrjár nætr at kynni, Eg. 698; viku var at boðinu setið, Ld. 200; í slíkum fagnaði sem þeir sátu, Fms. x. 260; hann sat at Gufuskálum inn þriðja vetr, Eg. 592; setið hefir þú svá nær, at þú mættir hafa hefnt þessa, Nj. 178; sátu þingmenn Runólfs í hverju húsi, Bs. i. 20; s. kyrr, to remain quiet, stay at home, Grág. i. 163; s. í festum, of a betrothed woman between the espousals and the wedding, Nj. 4: to reside, Haraldr konungr sat optast á Rogalandi, Eg. 367, Nj. 268, Fms. i. 23, Ver. 60: s. at löndum, to reign, Hkr. ii. 3; s. at búum sínum, Fs. 12; sitja búðsetu, to live in a booth, Grág. i. 187, ii. 71; s. strandsetri, to live on the coast(fishing), i. 263, 290; s. slímu-setri, to hang on to a place, living upon other people, Gþl. 200, N. G. L. i. 70; þér munut þurrt hafa um setið allar vitundir, had no part nor knowledge of it, Sturl. iii. 261: to stay, answer not to a call, Grág. i. 447; nú sitr einn hverr lengr niðri, N. G. L. i. 40; s. um stefnu, 344; ef hann sitr svá þrjá vetr at hann geldr eigi tíund sína rétta, K. Á. 94; s. hjá e-u, to be neutral, take no part; hann hafði áðr setið hj;á málum þessum, Lv. 9, Ísl. ii. 267, Nj. 84, 97; þú lætr þá menn s. hjá kyrra, remain undisturbed, Ld. 258; s. hjá fé, to tend sheep.
    2. a fishing term, to sit fishing on a mið, q. v.; á þær vastir er hann var vanr at s. ok draga flata fiska … þeir váru komnir svá langt út, at hætt var at s. útarr fyrir Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35.
    3. to tarry; görði liðinu leitt at sitja, Fms. x. 344; s. veðr-fastr, to lie weather-bound, Eg. 482; s. í díblissu, to sit in a dungeon, Fms. ix. 219; s. kyrr, Grág. i. 163; s. fyrir, to remain sitting, Fms. v. 66; sitja til járns, to sit preparing for the ordeal, 308, 311; s. fyrir ádrykkju e-s, to be one’s cup-mate, Eg. 253.
    III. with acc.; sitju e-t ór hendi sér, to ‘sit a thing out of one’s hands,’ let it slip through idleness, Fms. v. 276: mod., s. e-t af sér, id.; skulut ér ekki sitja byri því heldr, miss a fair wind, vi. 358; þegjandi sitr þetta Þórir jarl á Mæri, Orkn. (in a verse); hafði annat bréf komit til Lopts á sama sumri, ok sat hann bæði (acc.), he ‘sate it off,’ i. e. did not answer to the call, Bs. i. 726; (so in mod. usage, s. e-n af stokki, to ‘sit him off,’ wait till he is gone;) sátu margir af sínum hestum, many ‘sate off’ dismounted from, their horses, Fms. vi. 211; sitja rétti sínum, to remain inactive until one’s right is prescribed, Grág. ii. 91, K. Þ. K. 26.
    2. sitja vel (ílla) jörð, to keep one’s estate in good (bad) order; sal hann þann bæ vel, Brandkr. 57; þessi jörð er vel setin; sátu þessir allir brullaup sitt í Gautavík, Vígl. 33; s. launþing, to hold a secret meeting, Fms. xi. 219.
    3. sitja e-t, to put up with an injury; eigi mundu þeir þvilíka skömm eðr hneisu setið hafa, Ísl. ii. 338; þykkisk hann þá lengr hafa setið Sveini þann hlut er hann mundi eigi öðrum þola, Fms. xi. 62; menn munu þat eigi s. þér, ef þú meiðir fé manna, Glúm. 342; s. mönnum slíkar hneisur, Ld. 278; s. mönnum skammir ok skapraunir, Fms. ii. 14; s. e-m frýju, Hkr. iii. 397; er slíkt engum manni sitjanda (gerund.), ‘tis not to be endured from any man, Korm. 162.
    4. to cut one off from; fyrr munu þér svelta í hel, enn þér sitið oss mat, Fms. vi. 152; hugðusk þeir Sveinn at s. honum vatn, x. 407; ok mundi svá ætla at s. þeim mat þar í Eyjunum, Orkn. 410.
    IV. reflex. in recipr. sense; þeir skulu svá nær sitjask ( sit so near one another) at hvárir-tveggi nemi orð annarra, Grág. i. 69; er mér lítið um at hætta til lengr at þit sitisk svá nær, Ld. 158.
    2. part., nú mun eigi mega sitjanda hlut í eiga, there is no time to rest, Nj. 110.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SITJA

  • 30 παρά

    παρά, ep. πάρ und παραί, Adverb., bei, daneben, ἔνϑα καϑεῦδ' ἀναβάς· παρὰ δὲ χρυσόϑρονος Ἥρη, Il. 1, 611; Od. 3, 400; u. so noch Eur. I. A. 201. – Gew. Praeposit., bei, neben, die unmittelbare Nähe, u. zwar c. dat. die Ruhe bei, c. gen. die Bewegung von der Seite her, c. acc. die Bewegung an die Seite hin bezeichnend. Also

    I. c. genitivo, von Seiten, den Gegenstand bezeichnend, aus dessen unmittelbarer Nähe etwas herkommt, zunächst – 1) örtlich, bei Verbis der Bewegung, gew. – a) nur von Personen gebraucht (vgl. ἀπό), von Seiten Jemandes gehen, kommen; σῆμα φέρειν παρά τινος, Il. 6, 177; ἐλϑεῖν παρὰ Διός, von Zeus kommen, παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα, Od. 12, 70; φέρων ἥκω λόγους ἡδεῖς φίλου παρ' ἀνδρός, Soph. El. 657; in Prosa sehr gewöhnlich; auch παρ' ἄλλων χρὴ τόδ' ἔρχεσϑαι γέρας, Aesch. Ag. 891; bes. von Gesandten, Botschaften, ἥκει παρὰ βασιλῆος ἀγγελίη, Her. 8, 140, 1; παρά τινος ἐλϑεῖν, Xen. Cyr. 2, 4, 1; dah. παρὰ σοῦ ἐξαγγέλλειν, von deiner Seite melden, Cyr. 7, 5, 54, wie ἀπαγγέλλειν An. 2, 1, 20. Auch mit einer geläufigen Umstellung, ἕως ἂν οἱ παρὰ βασιλέως πρέσβεις ἔλϑωσιν, Hell. 1, 3, 9, bis die Gesandten vom Könige kämen; u. ohne Verbum, οἱ πρέσβεις οἱ παρὰ βασιλέως, Ar. Ach. 61; οἱ παρὰ τοῦ Νικίου, Thuc. 7, 10, die von Seiten des Nikias Abgesandten; οὔτε πρεσβευτὴς οὐδεὶς εἶπε τῶν παρ' ἐκείνου, Dem. 19, 68; ὁ παρ' ἐμοῦ, Xen. Cyr. 3, 2, 30; auch ὅςτις ἀφικνοῖτο τῶν παρὰ βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν, An. 1, 1, 5, wer von denen, die beim König waren, von diesem zu ihm kam; οἱ παρ' αὐτοῠ, seine Verwandten, Ev. Marc. 3, 21. – b) selten von Sachen: παρὰ νηῶν, Il. 12, 114, in den Schol. ausdrücklich als Abweichung bemerkt; φάσγανον ἐρύσσατο παρὰ μηροῦ, er zog das Schwert von der Seite, an der es hing, Il. 1, 190, öfter; πλευρὰ τά οἱ κόψαντι παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφάανϑη, neben dem Schilde her zeigte sich die Seite, ward sichtbar, 4, 468; vgl. Aesch. Spt. 629; π. ποδός, Pind. P. 10, 67. – 2) übh. das Ausgehen von einer Person bezeichnend, Alles, was von ihr herrührt; – a) nehmen und empfangen von Einem; ἔχεις παρ' ἡμῶν οἴάπερ νομίζεται, Aesch. Ag. 1016; δέχεσϑαι δώρημα παρά τινος, Soph. Ai. 647; παρ' οὗπερ ἔλαβον τάδε τὰ τόξα, Phil. 1216; ὅτῳ τρόπῳ δίκας ἀροίμην τῶν φονευσάντων πάρα, El. 34; οὔτε τάφου ἀντιάσας, οὔτε γόων παρ' ἡμῶν, El. 858; u. so bei δέχεσϑαι, λαμβάνειν u. ä. überall in Prosa, z. B. παρὰ Μήδων τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐλάμβανον Πέρσαι, Xen. An. 3, 4, 8; ἃ ὑπάρχειν δεῖ παρ' ὑμῶν, was von eurer Seite geleistet werden, da sein muß, Dem. 4, 33; οὔκουν παρ' Ἁϑηναίων γε μεταϑρέξει ταχύ, es holen von den Athenern, Ar. Pax 261; dah. auch παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιών, welches der Arzt gegeben hat, Plat. Rep. III, 406 d; – παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς, aus eigenen Mitteln, Her. 8, 5, vgl. 2, 129. 7, 29; vgl. δαπανήσας τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῆς πάντα, Ev. Marc. 5, 26; dah. auch παρ' ἑαυτοῦ, von selbst, auf eigenen Antrieb. – b) hören, lernen, erfahren von Einem; ἀκούειν παρ' ἀγγέλων, Soph. O. R. 6, vgl. 95; μαϑὼν ἄλλου πάρα, O. R. 704, öfter; τάδ' εἴσεται ἄλλου παρ' ἀνδρός, Ant. 230, wie Aesch. Ch. 169; Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 6 u. sonst; ταῦτ' ἴσϑι ϑεῶν πάρα, Empedocl. 92; εἰ προςδοκᾷς ἐμοῦ τι πευσεῖσϑαι πάρα, Aesch. Prom. 988, wie Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 23; παρ' Αἰγυπτίων μεμαϑήκασι, Her. 2, 104, der auch πυνϑάνεσϑαι παρὰ πυρσῶν vrbdt, 7, 182; παρά γε ἐμαυτοῦ οὐδὲν ἐννενόηκα, Plat. Phaedr. 235 c; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν πολλὰ καὶ καλὰ εὑρόντες, Theaet. 150 d. – c) seltener beim passiv., bes. in ähnlichen Vrbdgn, wie die angeführten Verba, so daß die Grundbedeutung von Seiten nicht verloren geht, und die Structur sich von ὑπό (s. dieses) wesentlich unterscheidet; σοῦ διδαχϑήτω πάρα, so viel wie μαϑέτω, Aesch. Prom. 637; τίς αὖ παρ' ὑμῶν κοινὸς ἠχεῖται κτύπος; was für ein Lärm geht aus von euch? Soph. O. C. 1496; παιδός, ὅςτις γένοιτ' ἐμοῦ τε κἀκείνου πάρα, O. R. 714; μνήμη καὶ κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται παρὰ τῶν ἀκουσάντων, wird ihnen von Seiten der Hörer zu Theil, Plat. Menex. 236 e; οἶμαι γάρ με παρὰ σοῦ σοφίας πληρωϑήσεσϑαι, Conv. 175 c, auch an Lernen erinnernd; ὀφείλεται παρὰ τοῦ ἐχϑροῦ τῷ ἐχϑρῷ κακόν τι, Rep. I, 332 b, er muß es ihm geben; παρὰ τῶν ϑεῶν σημαίνεσϑαι, die Zeichen gehen von den Göttern aus, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 2; aber auch παρὰ πάντων ὁμολογεῖται, An. 1, 9, 1, wie τὰ παρὰ σοῦ λεγόμενα, Cyr. 6, 1, 42, vgl. Mem. 1, 6, 14, wie wir auch sagen können: das deinerseits Gesagte; παρὰ τῆς τύχης δωρηϑέντα, Isocr. 4, 26, u. häufiger Sp.; κατηγορεῖται παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Act. Ap. 22, 30. – d) oft bei Substantivis, ohne Verbum, das leicht zu ergänzen ist und wenigstens hinzugedacht werden muß, wenn man sich den Unterschied dieser Structur von der des bloßen Genitivs deutlich machen will; Vrbdgn, wie τῶν παρ' ἐκείνου λαμβάνειν, Xen. Cyr. 8, 2, 25, von dem von Einem Herrührenden Etwas nehmen, für das einfache παρ' ἐκείνου τι λαμβάνειν, zeigen den Uebergang; vgl. δωροῖο τὰ παρὰ σεαυτῆς, Mem. 3, 11, 13; λόγος παρὰ Ἀϑηναίων, Her. 8, 55, wie ἄνευ τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν λόγων Plat. Soph. 256 d; ὁ παρ' ἐμοῠ λόγος, Dem. Lpt. 75; τῆς παρὰ τῶν ἀνϑρώπων δόξης, Plat. Phaedr. 232 a, öfter; τῇ παρ' αὐτῆς ϑερμότητι, Tim. 85 e; τὸ παρὰ Κυαξάρους στράτευμα ist eigtl. das von Kyaxares abgeschickte Heer, Xen. Cyr. 2, 4, 21, u. ἡ παρ' ἐκείνου τιμωρία die von seiner Seite verhängte Strafe, An. 2, 6, 14; ἡ παρ' ἐκείνων εὔνοια, Dem. 1, 10, das von ihrer Seite bewiesene Wohlwollen, was freilich mit ἡ ἐκείνων εὔνοια zusammenfällt; so αἱ παρὰ τῶν ϑεῶν ἐπικουρίαι, Lycurg. 129, welcher Redner diese Vrbdg besonders liebt, vgl. Mätzner zu §. 15; u. so noch Sp., τὴν παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν δόξαν Plut. Agis 2; – τὰ παρὰ Κύρου, die Aufträge von Seiten des Kyrus, Xen. Cyr. 3, 2, 30. – In allen diesen Vrbdgn ist aber die Beziehung auf leblose Dinge äußerst selten. – 3) die Ruhe, neb en, bei, bezeichnet es selten, wie Soph. παρὰ κυανέων πελαγέων, Ant. 955, vgl. 1110; φροντίδα τὰν πὰρ ποδός, Pind. P. 10, 62; vgl. Schaef. zu D. Hal. de C. V. p. 119; Sp., wie D. Sic., sagen πολλῶν ἀνϑρώπων παρ' ἀμφοτέρων διαφϑαρέντων, 16, 7, u. öfter in ähnlichen Vrbdgn, auf beiden Seiten, wo immer noch die Grundbdtg der Entfernung von beiden Seiten weg zu erkennen ist.

    II. c. dativo, den Gegenstand bezeichnend, in dessen Nähe, bei dem sich Etwas befindet, also zunächst – 1) vom Orte; gewöhnlich – a) bei Verbis der Ruhe; von Menschen; ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν ἀνάγκῃ, er sang bei den Freiern, Od. 1, 154; παῖδες κοιμῶντο Πριάμοιο παρὰ μνηστῇς ἀλόχοισιν, Il. 6, 246, u. öfter bei Hom.; παρ' εὐδείπνοις ἔσῃ ἄτιμος, Aesch. Ch. 477; μέγα δύναται παρ' ἀϑανάτοις, Eum. 911; πάρεστι μὲν Τεῠκρος παρ' ἡμῖν, Soph. Phil. 1046, wie Plat. παρὰ σοὶ μάλα πλησίον πάρεστιν, Phaedr. 243 e; παρ' ἐχϑροῖς ἄξιος ϑρήνων τυχεῖν., Soph. Ai. 924, bei den Feinden erlangen, wie τυχόντα με τῶν δικαίων παρ' ὑμῖν, wenn ich bei euch, ihr Richter, mein Recht erlangt habe, Dem. 28, 21, nicht παρ' ὑμῶν, denn das Recht geht nicht von den Richtern aus; τιμῆς τυγχάνειν παρά τινι, Xen. An. 1, 9, 29; vgl. κοὐ δυνήσομαι κακὸν κρύψαι παρ' ὑμῖν, Soph. Phil. 733; auch κεῖται παρ' Ἅιδῃ Πόλυβος, O. R. 972; παρὰ τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται, Plat. Gorg. 510 e; παρὰ σοὶ κατέλυον, Dem. 18, 82, sie kehrten bei dir ein; – von leblosen Dingen; βωμῷ, παρ' ᾧ ϑύων ἔκυρον, Soph. O. C. 1160; τηλαυγεϊ παρ' ὄχϑῳ ἧστο, Trach. 521; βοᾷ παρ' ὄχϑαις ποτα-μίαις, Aesch. Spt. 374; u. in Prosa, ὁρμίζεσϑαι παρὰ Χεῤῥονήσῳ, Xen. An. 5, 10, 2, u. oft bei einem Orte lagern, sich aufstellen u. dgl. – In Vrbdgn, wie παρ' οἴνῳ καλεῖ, Soph. O. R. 773, wie Ap. Rh. 1, 458, παρὰ δαιτὶ καὶ οἴνῳ, beim Wein, ist auch vorzugsweise an den Ort zu denken (vgl. III.). – Pind. P. 2, 87 sagt auch παρὰ τυραννίδι, während, in der Tyrannis, womit man παρὰ τοῖς ἐμφυλίοις πολέμοις ϑνήσκειν vgl., Plut. Oth. 14. – b) selten bei Verbis der Bewegung, und immer mit Rücksicht auf die Ruhe, die das Ergebniß der Bewegung ist, ἵδρυσεν παρὰ δαιτί, Od. 3, 37; bei Xen. An. 2, 5, 27 hat auch Krüger Schneider's Conj. ἰέναι παρὰ Τισσαφέρνην für die vulg. Τισσαφέρνει aufgenommen, weil daselbst nur von der Bewegung die Rede ist; aber φοιτᾶν παρά τινι, Plut. Them. 5; vgl. Luc. D. Mer. 10. – 2) Wie παρ' ὑμῖν, Deni. 27, 1, »vor euch Richtern« heißt. so sagt Her. παρ' ἔμοιγε κριτῇ, vor mir, als Richter, vor meinem Richterstuhle, 3, 160, u. so heißt παρ' ἐμοί nach meinem Urtheil, τὸ ὄνομα δίκαιός ἐστι φέρειν, 1, 33, was ursprünglich örtlich zu fassen ist, wie dies deutlich ist in τοὺς παρὰ σφίσι αὐτοῖσι δοκέοντας ὀλβίους, 1, 86, die bei ihnen glücklich scheinen, worin liegt »nach ihrem Urtheil«; vgl. Soph. παρ' ἡμῖν οὐ βεβουλεῠσϑαι κακῶς, Trach. 586, nach unserm Urtheil. Aehnlich παρά τινι νομίζεται, Ar. Vesp. 1085; παρά τινι ὑπείληπται, Lycurg. 3, wo Maetzner viele Beispiele aus den Rednern beibringt; ἀξιοῦσϑαι παρά τινι, Is. 7, 5, wo ebenfalls, wie unter 1) bemerkt ist, nicht die von einem Andern ausgehende Würdigung ausgedrückt wird, sondern die bei oder vor Einem stattfindende, die er also gestattet, die nach seinem Urtheile von Andern geleistet wird. – Sp. gehen auch hier weiter, wie Pol. 2, 36, 2, πόλεμος προςαγορευϑεὶς παρὰ τοῖς πλείστοις Ἀννιβιακός, wie auch wir sagen »er heißt bei den meisten der zweite hannibalische Krieg«; Soph. vrbdt παρ' ὅτῳ Διὸς σκῆπτρον ἀνάσσεται, Phil. 139, womit man O. R. 382 ὅσον παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φϑόνος φυλάσσεται vergleichen kann. – 3) παρ' ἑαυτῷ, bei sich, daheim, wird nicht bloß dem πρόσωϑεν entggstzt, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 69, wie οἱ παρ' ἑαυτῷ, Cyr. 4, 5, 9, die unmittelbare Nähe bezeichnet; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι, bei sich zu Hause, in ihrer Heimath, Her. 1, 105. 6, 86, 1; dah. übh. das Einem Zugehörige, τὸν παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτον φιλεῖ, Soph. O. R. 611; εἰ δ' οὖν ἐστι καὶ παρ' ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία, wenn sie bei mir ist, wenn ich einige Erfahrung habe, Dem. 18, 277; – sondern es bedeutet auch – a) unterworfen sein, οἱ παρὰ βασιλεῖ ὄντες, Xen. An. 1, 5, 16. 4, 3, 29. – b) Her. 3, 74 setzt entgegen ἕξειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ καὶ μηδενὶ ἐξοίσειν τὴν ἀπάτην, bei sich behalten; ähnl. παρὰ σεαυτῷ κρίνας τι, Plat. Theaet. 170 d; ἃ διαιροῦμαι παρ' ἐμαυτῷ ἀγωγὰ εἶναι, Rep. VII, 523 a, wie γιγνώσκειν παρ' ἑαυτῷ, Dem. 10, 17, bei sich bestimmen; φύλακες τοῠ παρ' αὐτοῖς δόγματος, was sie bei sich beschlossen daben, Plat. Rep. III, 413 c. – c) παρ' ἑαυτῷ γενέσϑαι, zu sich gekommen, wieder zur Besinnung gekommen sein, sich erholt haben, Plut. Alex. 31 Brut. 15.

    III. c. accusat.; – 1) örtlich; gew. bei Verbis der Bewegung; – a) nach der Seite hin zu Einem, das Ziel der Bewegung angebend, welches in der Nähe eines Gegenstandes, bes. einer Person ist; ἐλϑὲ παρὰ ξανϑὸν Μενέλαον, Od. 1, 285; ἴτην παρὰ νῆας, zu den Schiffen, Il. 1, 347; oft bei Her., ἀπικέσϑαι παρὰ Κροῖσον, ἤγαγον παρὰ Κῦρον, 1, 36. 86. 3, 15 u. öfter; ἔρχει παρὰ τὸν Πρωταγόραν, Plat. Prot. 311 e; ἠνέχϑη παρ' αὐτὸν τὰ παιδία, Phaed. 116 b;. δεῦρο παρ' ἐμὲ κατάκεισο, Conv. 175 c; παρ' ἐμὲ εἴςοδος, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 14; παρά τινα ἥκειν πάλιν, zu Einem zurückkehren, 4, 5, 25, öfter; auch Sp., παρὰ τοῦτο γέγονε, bis dahin ist's gekommen. – b) neben hin, längs; βῆ δ' ἀκέων παρὰ ϑῖνα ϑαλάσσης, längs des Meeresufers ging er hin, Il. 1, 34, u. oft, παρὰ ποταμόν u. ä.; Μηλίδα πὰρ λίμναν, Soph. Trach. 633; ἀκτὰν παρὰ βώμιον ἱκτῆρες ἐπιστενάχουσιν, O. R. 184; παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο πόρον, Aesch. Prom. 529; τούτου παρ' ὄχϑας ἕρπε, 812; παρὰ τὸν Ἀσωπόν, Her. 9, 15; παρὰ τὴν ϑάλατταν περιπατεῖν, Plat. Gorg. 511 e; πορεύεσϑαι, Xen. An. 5, 10, 18, wie auch τὴν ἀγορὰν τῶν πωλουμένων παρὰ τὴν ϑάλασσαν μεταστῆσαι Thuc. 7, 39 zu fassen ist; παρὰ πᾶσαν φιλίαν (sc. γῆν) ἄχρι τοῦ Πειραιῶς κομισϑήσεται, Dem. 18, 301. – c) dah. auch daneben vorbei, παρὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παρίεναι, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 29, wie παρὰ πόλιν ἄγειν, 1, 6, 43; vgl. παρὰ τὸν νεὼν ποταμὸς παραῤῥεῖ, An. 5, 3, 8, wie schon Il. 22, 145 zu erklären ist, οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν ἐσσεύοντο, wie Od. 3, 172 von einem Seewege παρ' ἠνεμόεντα Μίμαντα u. 4, 802 εἰς ϑάλαμον δ' εἰςῆλϑε παρὰ κληῖδος ἱμάντα. – d) aber auch bei Verbis der Ruhe, wenn zugleich die vorangegangene Bewegung od. eine Ausdehnung über einen Raum hin neben od. längs eines in die Länge sich ausstreckenden Gegenstandes bezeichnet wird, οἱ μὲν κοιμήσαντο παρὰ πρυμνήσια νηός, Od. 12, 32, vgl. 14, 524, eigtl. sie legten sich neben – hin schlafen; παρὰ Σκαμάνδρου πόρον τέϑαψαι, Aesch. Ch. 361; ὁ παρὰ τὸν Ἀχέροντα ϑεὸς ἀνάσσων, Soph. El. 177; Ἀσία, ἣ παρ' ἁλμ υρὰν ἅλα κεῖται, Eur. Bacch. 17; παρὰ τὰς ναῦς ἀριστοποιεῖσϑαι, neben den Schiffen hin, Thuc. 7, 39; κῶμαι παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν ἦσαν, Xen. An. 3, 5, 1, sie lagen längs des Flusses, wie ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο παρὰ τὸν ποταμόν, 4, 3, 6; εἴςοδος μακρὰ παρ' ἅπαν τὸ σπήλαιον, Plat. Rep. VII, 514 a. – e) auch übh. den Begriff der unbestimmten Nähe ausdrückend, neben, bei, ϑεοῦ παρ' εὐτειχέα δόμον, Pind. N. 7, 46; ὀρϑὴν παρ' οἶμον, Eur. Alc. 835; ἐγγύτατα παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν ὁδόν, Ar. Ran. 162; παρὰ τὴν χύτραν ἐγγύς, Av. 390; παρ' ἡμᾶς οἰκεῖ, Alexis bei B. A. 111; κατελείφϑη παρὰ τὸν νηόν, Her. 4, 87; παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν κρήνη ἦν, Xen. An. 1, 2, 13; οἱ παρ' ἔπαλξιν, Thuc. 2, 13; vgl. Ar. Ach. 72, womit man vergleichen kann ὅσον ἀργύριον παρὰ τοὺς κλινοποιοὺς κλέπτουσιν, Dem. 27, 29; καϑήμενοι παρ' αὐτόν, Isae. 8, 16. – Pol. 11, 14, 3 vrbdt geradezu παρ' αὐτὸν μεῖναι; u. Her. sagt τὴν νῦν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν, 8, 140; daher παρ' ἡμᾶς ἐστι, es steht bei uns; – πὰρ πόδα, Soph. Phil. 827, vor den Füßen, sogleich, wie Pol. 1, 7, 5, u. öfter παρὰ πόδας, wie Luc. Alex. 33. – 2) von der Zeit, ausgegangen von solchen ursprünglich örtlich zu fassenden Vrbdgn, wie ἀείσω παρά τε Βρόμιον παρά τε χέλυος μολπάν, Eur. Herc. Fur. 684; παρὰ τὴν πόσιν, Her. 2, 124, 4; παρὰ πότον, Xen. An. 2, 3, 15, eigtl. neben dem Trinken hin, d. i. während des Trinkens, beim Trinken; vgl. Pind. ϑαρσαλέα δὲ παρὰ κρητῆρα φωνὰ γίγνεται, N. 9, 49; oft in Prosa, von einer Zeitdauer, einer Handlung od. Begebenheit, die neben einer andern stattfindet, παρὰ τὴν ζόην πεπόνϑαμεν, Her. 7, 46, vgl. 1, 32; παρὰ πάντα μοι τὸν χρόνον προςῄει, während der ganzen Zeit, Plat. Phaed. 116 d; παρὰ πάντα τὸν βίον, Rep. III, 412 d; παρὰ τὴν ἐκείνου ἀρχήν, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 2; παρὰ τὸν πόλεμον βασιλευομένους, im Ggstz von οἴκοι ὀλιγαρχουμένους, von den Lacedämoniern gesagt, Isocr. 3, 24; Sp., παρὰ τὴν συνουσίαν, Pol. 10, 35, 2; auch παρ' ὅλην τὴν πραγματείαν, 32, 8, 11, durch die ganze Geschichte (vgl. παραυτά). So auch παρ' ἕκαστον καὶ ἔργον καὶ λόγον διδάσκειν, gleich bei jeder That, Plat. Prot. 325 d; ταῖς ἐκ τῶν νόμων τιμωρίαις παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα χρῆσϑαι, gleich bei dem Verbrechen, im Augenblicke, da das Unrecht verübt wird, Dem. 18, 13, vgl. Lpt. 139; ἁπάντων δ' ἀνϑρώπων εἰωϑότων παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα μᾶλλον ἢ χρόνων ἐγγεγενημένων ἀγανακτεῖν, Dem. 37, 2; εὐϑὺς ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ παρὰ τἀδικήματα, 32, 7; παρὰ τοὺς κινδύνους ὑπὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐδιδάχϑησαν, Plut. Them. 8; a. Sp., τὰ παρὰ τὸν βίον τίμια, Luc. Nigr. 30 (vgl. auch 5). – 3) aus der Bdtg des nebenhin, vorbei, entwickelt sich der Begriff des Nichtzusammentreffens (vor dem Ziele vorbeischießen), des nicht Entsprechens, dah. wider, entgegen, παρὰ μοῖραν, neben dem Schicklichen vorbei, wider das Schickliche, gegen den Anstand, Od. 14, 509, im Ggstz von κατά; vgl. ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ παρὰ στάϑμην, Aesch. Ag. 1045; so ὅση δύναμίς γε πάρεστιν· πὰρ δύναμιν δ' οὐκ ἔστι πολεμίζειν, über die Kraft hinaus, Il. 13, 786; so bes. παρ' ἐλπίδα, wider Erwarten, Aesch. Ag. 870; Soph. Phil. 870; παρὰ νοῦν ϑροεῖν, 1180; ἡ γὰρ ἐκτὸς καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδας χαρά, Ant. 388; eben so παρὰ γνώμην, Aesch. Ag. 905; παρὰ νόμον ϑεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων, Eum. 164; παρὰ ἃ προςεδέχετο, dem zuwider, was er erwartete, Thuc. 4, 19; παρὰ τὰ σοὶ δοκοῦντα, Plat. Prot. 335 b; παρὰ δόξαν, φύσιν, Polit. 295 c Rep. V, 466 d; παρὰ τὰς σπονδάς, Xen. An. 2, 4, 5; παρὰ ἱερὰ καὶ οἰωνούς, Cyr. 1, 6, 44; παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον, ib. 5, 1, 13 u. öfter, wie Folgde; παρὰ τὴν προςδοκίαν, Pol. 3, 68, 9, παρ' ἀξίαν, wider die Gebühr, παρὰ τὰ βέλτιστα, gegen sein Bestes, u. ä. – Daran reihet sich die Bdtg außer, ο ὐκ ἔστι παρὰ ταῦτ' ἄλλα, es giebt neben, außer diesem nichts Anderes, Ar. Nubb. 698 Eccl. 110; vgl. Plat. Phil. 62 e; ἕτερα παρὰ ταῦτα, Phaedr. 235 c Phaed. 24 a (s. auch ἄλλος u. ἕτερος, u. 5); παρὰ πάντα ταῦτα, dieses Alles ausgenommen, s. Wolf Dem. Lpt. p. 329. Aehnlich ist παρ' ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα, Her. 9, 33, außer einem Wettkampfe erlangte er den olympischen Sieg, nur eine Kampfübung fehlte zum Siege; so auch Thuc. 8, 29 παρὰ πέντε ναῦς, ausgenommen fünf Schiffe, wenn man fünf Schiffe abzieht. – Bei den Rednern oft von Stimmen, παρὰ τέτταρας ψή-φους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως, es fehlten nnr vier Stimmen daran, daß er Antheil an der Staatsverwaltung erlangte, Is. 3, 37; Κίμωνα παρὰ τρεῖς μὲν ἀφεῖ. σαν ψήφους τὸ μὴ ϑανάτῳ ζημιῶσαι, Dem. 23, 205, d. i. sie entließen ihn, weil ihm drei Stimmen zur Verurtheilung fehlten, sonst wäre er zum Tode verurtheilt worden; παρ' ὀλίγας ψήφους ἠτιμώσατε, 24, 138, es fehlten nur wenig Stimmen, daß ihr ihn mit der Atimie belegtet; Μάρκος ϑηρίον εἶ παρὰ γράμμα, du bist ein Thier (ἄρκος), bis auf einen Buchstaben, den du nämlich zu viel hast, Ammian. 9 (XI, 231). – 4) Eine ganz entgegengesetzte Bdtg erhält παρά, insofern dies Nebenhergehen auch eine Angemessenheit, Uebereinstimmung, Folge bedeuten kann, παρὰ τοῦτο, hiernach, besonders Sp.; παρὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν περισσοτέροις ἀτυχήμασι τῶν ἀτρεμιζόντων περιπεσών, in Folge seiner Schuld, durch eigene Schuld, weil er nicht, wie die Anderen, stillstand, Antiph. 3 δ 5; ἕκαστος οὐ παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν, Thuc. 1, 41, in Folge, wegen seiner Vernachlässigung; ὅπως μὴ τὰ τῆς πόλεως ἄπρακτα γίγνηται παρὰ τὴν ἐκείνου ἀργίαν, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 2; παρὰ τοῦτον γενέσϑαι τὴν σωτηρίαν, Isocr. 6, 52, vgl. 3, 48; παρὰ τί οἴεσϑε τὰς πόλεις εὖ πράττειν; παρὰ τοὺς συμβούλους, Din. 1, 72; παρὰ τὸν λόγον δείξω, in Uebereinstimmung mit der Rechnung, Dem. 27, 34, öfter; οὐδὲ γὰρ οὗτος παρὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ ῥώμην τοσοῦτον ἐπηύξηται, ὅσον παρὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀμέλειαν, 4, 11; Arist., z. B. de mund. 4, u. Sp., τὴν ἀπραγίαν μὴ παρὰ ἀποδειλίασιν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ εὐλάβειαν γεγονέναι, Pol. 3, 103, 2; παρὰ τοῠτο συνέβη, 3, 16, 6; παρὰ τί σφαλείησαν, wodurch, 1, 32, 4, öfter; οὐδὲν παρὰ τοῦτο, daraus ergiebt sich Nichts; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν σύνϑεσιν, durch die Zusammenstellung, D. Hal. de C. V. 11 (p. 136, wo Schäfer zu vgl.). – Man kann hierher auch rechnen ὀνομάζειν τι παρά τι, nach Etwas benennen, Plat. Crat. 339 a; so oft bei Gramm. (vgl. Bast zu Greg. Cor. 830); diese sagen auch παρά τι, um die Abstammung u. Herleitung eines Wortes vom andern zu bezeichnen, Schäf. Schol. Par. Ap. Rh. 2, 624; so αὐϑέντης σύγκειται παρὰ τὸ εἶναι καὶ παρὰ τὸ αὐτός, B. A. 15, 9; ὡς παρὰ τὸ γραφὴ γραφίς, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ κάρη καρίς, Ath. III, 106 c; – τοῦτό φησι παρὰ τὸ.Σοφόκλειον, Schol. Ar. Av. 1240, bedeutet eine Nachahmung, vgl. Schäf. Schol. Par. Ap. Rh. 3, 158, Paus. 1, 2, 4, u. gehört also genauer zum Folgdn. – 5) weil Dinge neben einander gestellt werden, um verglichen zu werden, bedeutet παρά τι auch neben Etwas gehalten, im Vergleich womit, ὥςτε τὸν Δαρείου στόλον παρὰ τοῦτον μηδὲν φαίνεσϑαι, im Vergleich mit diesem, Her. 7, 20; γελοῖος ἔσομαι παρ' ἀγαϑὸν ποιητὴν ἰδιώτης αὐτοσχεδιάζων περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν, Plat. Phaedr. 236 d, ich werde im Vergleich mit einem guten Dichter lächerlich erscheinen, wenn ich –, vgl. Legg. VII, 806 b; παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥςπερ ϑεοὶ οἱ ἄνϑρωποι βιοτεύουσιν, Xen. Mem. 1, 4, 14; ὁρῶν τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτῶν ἐγγύϑεν παρὰ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων, sie mit den Andern vergleichend, eigtl. sie neben den Andern betrachtend, Plat. Rep. VIII, 550 a; vgl. Phaedr. 276 e, wie schon Pind. sagt πὰρ σοφὸν ἀντιφερίξαι, P. 9, 50. – So auch κατεφρόνησε τοῠ κινδύνου παρὰ τὸ αἰσχρόν τι ὑπομεῖναι, Plat. Apol. 28 c, er verachtete die Gefahr im Vergleich mit der Schande, neben der Schande, wie das lat. prae. Hierher gehören auch manche Vrbdgn von ἄλλος, ἕτερος παρά τινα, ein Anderer im Vergleich mit Einem (s. diese Wörter u. oben 3). – Daraus erkl. sich die Vrbdgn wie – a) ὡς παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν τὸ πρᾶγμα, Soph. Ant. 35, für Nichts achten; παρ' οὐδὲν ἄλγος, ibd. 462; El. 1319; ταῦϑ' ὅτῳ παρ' οὐδέν ἐστιν, O. R. 983; παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις, Eur. Or. 569; οὐ παρ' ὀλίγον ἔσεσϑαι, ἀλλὰ παρὰ πολύ, Plat. Apol. 36 a; παρ' ἔλαττον τοῦ δέοντος ἡγεῖσϑαί τι, Rep. VIII, 546 d, Etwas für gering achten, wie παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσϑαι, Xen. An. 6, 4, 11 u. Sp. – b) παρὰ μικρόν, ὀλίγον, βραχύ u. ä., um ein Kleines, um ein Geringes, beinahe, fast, παρὰ πολύ, um Vieles, bei weitem, παρὰ τοσοῠτον, um so Viel, παρ' ὅσον, in sofern als, Luc. Peregr. 1 vit. auct. 19 u. A., welche Ausdrücke alle von dem Begriffe der Vergleichung ausgehen; παρ' ὀλίγον διέφυγον, Thuc. 7, 71; παρὰ τοσοῠτον γιγνώσκω, 6, 37, vgl. 3, 79; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλϑε Σαμίων ἡ πόλις ἀφελέσϑαι τῆς ϑαλάττης τὸ κράτος Ἀϑηναίους, 8, 76, vgl. Plut. Pericl. 28, es fehlte sehr wenig daran; παρὰ τοσοῦτον μὲν ἡ Μιτυλήνη ἦλϑε κινδύνου, Thuc. 3, 49, eigtl. um so viel oder wenig kam Mitylene bei der Gefahr vorbei, so entging Mit. mit genauer Noth der Gefahr (vgl. auch 3 a. E). – c) wie in οὗτοι παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους δεδυςτυχηκότες, Plat. Lach. 183 c, sie waren unglücklich im Vergleich mit den Andern, eine Auszeichnung liegt, sie waren vor den Uebrigen unglücklich, παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους πονεῖν, sich vor den Andern mühen, mehr als die Andern, so steht auch beim compar. ἀμείνονες καὶ παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν φύσιν, besser im Vergleich mit, besser als ihre Natur, Her. 7, 103; ἐκλείψεις πυκνότεραι παρὰ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν, Thuc. 1, 23; χειμὼν μείζων παρὰ τὴν καϑεστηκυῖαν ὥραν, 4, 6; παρὰ πολὺ ἀμείνων, Luc. Prom. 11. – d) häufig vrbdt sich mit dem Begriff der Vergleichung der des Wechsels, πληγὴν παρὰ πληγήν, Schlag um Schlag, Ar. Ran. 643; ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ πηλοῦ δύναταί τις πλάττων ζῷα συγχεῖν καὶ πάλιν πλάττειν καὶ συγχεῖν καὶ τοῦτο ἓν παρ' ἕν, abwechselnd Zug um Zug, ποιεῖν ἀδιαλείπτως, Plut. consol. ad Apollon. p. 329. – Bes. von der Zeit, παρὰ μῆνα τρίτον, immer den dritten Monat, Arist. H. A. 7, 2; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν, abwechselnd, ein Jahr um das andere, D. Sic. 4, 65; Plut. Cleom. 15. – Aber παρ' ἦμαρ ist täglich, Tag um Tag, od. Tag für Tag, Soph. O. C. 1455, wie παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, Plat. Legg. IV, 705 a; Xen. Hell. 1, 4, 15. – Aber παρὰ μίαν ἡμέραν, Pol. 6, 40, 9 u. öfter, reiht sich an 5 b, z. B. παρὰ μίαν ἡμέραν Δημητρίου μὲν παρόντος, Ἀράτου δὲ καϑυστερήσαντος, um einen Tag Unterschied, 7, 13, 6, vgl. παρὰ τρίμηνον ἔχουσι τὸ διαφέρον, 12, 12, 1.

    Allen drei Casus kann παρά nachgesetzt werden, erleidet aber dann die Anastrophe, πάρα; Beispiele sind oben schon angeführt; doch wird es ohne Accent geschrieben, wenn das letzte α apostrophirt ist, Il. 4, 97. 18, 400.

    In der Zusammensetzung bedeutet es – 1) neben, bei, nebenher, παρίστημι, παράκειμαι, παρέζομαι. – 2) hin, hinzu, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω. – 3) daran vorbei, darüber hinaus, παρέρχομαι, παρατρέχω; – dah. auch ein Uebertreten, Verfehlen, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, bes. vom Irrigen, Falschen, dem deutschen ver-entsprechend, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω; – aber auch im guten Sinne, Uebertreffen, παραβάλ λω. – 4) wider, entgegen, παρανομέω, παραίσιος. – 5) eine Umänderung, Verwandlung, ein Andersmachen, παραπείϑω, παρατεκταίνω, wie unser um-, umbauen, umstimmen.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > παρά

  • 31 JÁTA

    * * *
    (gen. jötu), f. manger.
    * * *
    að, or játta, t: it varies between the 1st and 2nd conjugation, the older forms being, pres. játi, játir, as still used in the north of Icel., pret. játti, part. játt; the later, pres. játa, játar, pret. játaði, part. játað: [mid. H. G. jaze]:—to say yes:
    I. with dat. or absol. to say yes, assent; allir játtuðu því, Fms. vii. 281; þessu játtar Þrándr, vi. 190; þessu játir hann, Glúm. 360, 361: to acknowledge, confess; játta ek því, at ek hefi …, Fms. vii. 305; sagði at Erkibiskup hafði því játtað (v. l. jáð), viii. 258; nú játar ek Dróttni, Stj. 174; ef þeir göra iðran játandi þínu nafni, 567; játa Guði, Greg. 20; hann neitaði Guðs nafni en játaði guðuni sínum, Fms. x. 324: to consent, þóat játtat hafi verit, Sks. 776 B; eptir lögum ok því sem þá var játtat, Gþl. 47; játuðu ok samþyktu allir, at …, id.; ek mun jata ( consent) at görask hans eiginkona, Fms. i. 3; þeir beiða þess at Sturla játaði í dóm Jóns Loptssonar um málit, Sturl. i. 105; Dana-konungr játtaði gjöfinni, Fms. x. 84; nú játti jarlinn hváru-tveggja, Kristninni ok vingan konungs, 277; játta e-u undan sér, to yield up, Orkn. 52; játaði biskup upp ( yielded up) öllum stöðum, Bs. i. 730: to promise, þann Finninn er hann hafði játt (ját), at …, Fms. x. 379; mun ek þessu játa fyrir mik ok heimamenn mína, Nj. 162; játtir þú ferðinni, didst thou promise to go? Fms. iii. 72; játa skuldar-stöðum, Ld. 212.
    II. with acc. of the thing, to acknowledge, confess; játa syndir, Fb. ii. 434, Sks. 129 new Ed., Th. 23, 625. 92: to grant, játtuðu allir þér konungdóm, Fms. vii. 153; Jesús Christr sá er ek trúi á, ok játi með munni, Blas. 41: to yield, give, játa konungi þat alt er hann beiddi, Fms. xi. 224; konungr bað bændr játa sér reiðskjóta, 223; játa sik, to confess one’s sins, Bs. i. 121; þann tíma er herra Gyrðr hafði sik til játtat ( promised), H. E. i. 528; játta sik undir e-t, to engage oneself, Dipl. ii. 11, Fms. ii. 238.
    III. reflex., játask undir e-t, to engage oneself to, accept, profess, Nj. 122, Fms. x. 24, xi. 38: to promise, hvárt-tveggja játask öðru til hjúskapar, H. E. i. 247.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > JÁTA

  • 32 KOSTA

    * * *
    (að), v.
    1) to try, with gen.;
    kosta afls, magns, to try (put forth) one’s strength;
    kosta mans, to fall in love;
    B. þurfti alls at kosta, B. had to exert all his strength;
    kosta kapps, to strive hard;
    2) to exert oneself, strive, with infin. (í því, er hann kostar upp at rísa);
    kostit svá keppa, at Guðrún kløkkvi, do your best to draw tears from G.;
    3) to injure, hurt (bæði var kostat hold hans ok bein);
    impers., þat fall var svá mikit, at kostaði lærlegg hans, that his thigh-bone was hurt;
    4) kosta e-n mikit, lítit, to cost one much, little;
    impers., kostar e-n e-t, it costs one so and so much, with the price in gen. (kostar þik þat nökkurs), or acc. (einn riddara kostar átta merkr gulls sinn búnað);
    5) to defray the expenses of (þat boð kostaði Unnr);
    þú hefir kostat oss, thou hast entertained us.
    * * *
    að, [akin to kjósa; A. S. costjan; Germ. kosten = to taste; Lat. gusto; Gr. γεύομαι]:—to try, tempt, strive: with gen., kosta afls, to try one’s strength, Vsp. 7; k. magns, id., Rm. 9; k. megins, Gs. 22; k. sunds, Fms. vii. 351 (in a verse); k. rásar, Þorf. Karl. (in a verse); (til) rásar kostar þú nú, Fs. 45; k. vígs, to fight, Ó. H. (in a verse); kosta mans, to fall in love, Hbl. 15; Bárðr þurfti alls at kosta, B. had to exert all his strength, Bard. 166; kosta kapps, to strive hard, Grett. 202 new Ed.: to risk, vil ek þar til kosta fjár föður míns, Fms. ii. 63; hvárt þeir færi til þings, ok kostim at því allra vina várra, Eb. 98; verja fé yðvart ok frelsi, ok kosta þar til allra þeirra manna er yðr er liðs at ván, Eg. 8; ætla ek at sækja oddi ok eggju frændleifð mína, ok kosta þar at allra frænda minna ok vina ok allra þeirra er …, Ó. H. 32.
    2. to tempt; at vér fyrir-farimk eigi í kostan þeirri er djöfullinn kostar vár, Hom. 158; í því er hann kostar ( tries) upp at rísa, Al. 144; þeir sögðu hann fullu kostað hafa, he had taken pains enough, Odd. 18; skal hann kosta at koma, N. G. L. i. 348.
    3. as imperat. giving emphasis to the verb, like Lat. age, come! kostið svá keppa, fight so hard! Am. 54; kostum flærð at forðask, Leiðarv. 39; kostum (not köstum) at æsta, 40; kostaðu at vinna vel margar íþróttir, Hsm. 29; kostaðu hug þinn herða, Sturl. iii. (in a verse); kostaðu hins, at haldir fast hesti ok skjaldi, Korm., Líkn. 11; en hinn er fallinn er, kosti hann ok rísi upp sem fljótast, Blanda (MS.); nú kostit, bræðr, ok verit hraustir, come, brethren, be of good cheer! 656 C. 22; en þér kostið ok görit svá vel, at þér leggit ráð á með mér, Karl. 484; við þat er kostanda ( exert thyself), at yfir verði stigit af þér með andans afli, MS. 677. 5; því kosti hverr sem æ staðfastlegast at göra gott, Hom. 24.
    II. impers. with acc. it strains a thing, i. e. it is strained, damaged; þó at kjöl kosti, though the keel is sorely strained, Fms. vii. 59 (in a verse); hvárki var þeim at meini hungr né kuldi, heitt né kalt, hvárki kostaði þau, neither of them was hurt, suffered from it, Blanda (MS.); þat fall var svá mikit, at kostaði lærlegg hans, Fms. ix. 219.
    2. reflex., kostast, to suffer a bodily or inward injury; þat var mál manna, at Þorfinnr mundi eigi lifað hafa, svá mjök var hann kostaðr af eldinum, Sturl. i. 162; mjök kostaðr af hita, 161; bæði var kostað hold hans ok bein, Greg. 80; kostaðr hestr, a broken-winded horse; sakir fyrnsku vóru bararnar mjök kostaðar, dilapidated, Bs. ii. 146.
    III. [Engl. cost; Germ. kosten], to cost, with acc. of the person and price; mik (acc.) kostaði fimm merkr (acc.) gulls, it cost me five gold marks, El.; þat kostar líf (acc.) hans, it cost his life, Fas. i. 532; líkneski sem til kostaði tíu aura, Vm. 101: get ek at þér þykki mikit (acc.) k. at kaupa hann, Fms. i. 79; sem búar virða at dómi, at mik hafi kostað fyrir þau, Grág. i. 368; slíkt sem þá (acc.) hefir kostað, K. Þ. K. 54; spurði hvat (acc.) kostat hafði Þórarin (acc.), Fms. v. 315: with acc. of the thing and price, keisarann kostaði eigi minna fé leikinn (acc.), the play cost the emperor not less, vii. 97; þá kerru (acc.) kostaði sex hundruð (acc.) skillinga, the car cost …, Stj. 573; einn riddara (acc.) kostar átta merkr, Fms. xi. 331.
    2. to defray the expences of, with acc.; þat boð kostaði Unnr, Ld. 10; þau hin sömu klæði sem þeir höfðu kostað ( purchased) með kirkjunnar gózi, Mar.:—to spend, lay out, with acc., hvat viltú til kosta; at hann skyldi þessa nafnbót engum peningum kosta, that he should be at no expence for it, Fms. x. 93, v. l.; þat fríða líkneski hafði prestrinn kostað á sína peninga, Mar.; þú hefir kostað oss ( entertained us), bóndi, Fs. 150; allt þat er hann leggr til ok kostar, lays out, N. G. L. ii. 354; er svá mikit lét sik kosta oss til lausnar, who let it cost himself so much, Barl. 114; hafði hann setu á Grund ok kostaði einn allt fyrir, and defrayed all the costs, Sturl. i. 155:—in mod. usage with dat., k. miklu til eins, hann hefir engu til þess kostað, he has invested no money in it, done nothing for it; k. miklu upp á e-ð, to spend much money on a thing.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > KOSTA

  • 33 ORÐ

    n.
    1) word;
    ef maðr mælir nökkuru orði í mót, if a man speaks a word against it;
    taka til orða, to begin to speak;
    kveða at orði, to say, utter;
    hafa við orð, to hint at;
    vel orði farinn, well-spoken, eloquent;
    fornkveðit orð, an old saw;
    2) word, repute, report (gott, illt orð);
    leggja e-t til orðs, to talk about;
    þótt okkr sé þat til orðs lagit, although we are blamed for it;
    3) message (senda, gøra e-m orð).
    * * *
    n. [Ulf. waurd = λόγος, ρημα; a word common to all Teut. languages, old and mod.; cp. also Lat. verbum]:—a word. In the earliest usage, as in Old Engl., every sentence, clause, or saw is called a word, cp. Germ. sprüch-wort; an address or a reply is ‘a word,’ cp. Germ. ant-wort; the grammatical notion (Lat. vox, verbum) is later and derived; hann skyldi hafa þau þrjú orð í framburði sínum, þat it fyrsta orð, ‘at allir menn skyldu Kristnir vera;’ þat annat ‘at úheilög skyldi vera hof öll ok skurðgoð;’ þat var it þriðja orð, ‘at fjörbaugsgarð skyldi varða blót öll, ef váttnæm yrði,’ Fms. ii. 237; þau eru orð þrjú er skóggang varða öll, ef maðr kallar mann ragan eðr stroðinn eðr sorðinn, enda á maðr vígt í gegn þeim orðum þremr, Grág. ii. 147; orð mér af orði orðs leitaði verk mér af verki verks leitaði, Hm. 142: the saw, ferr orð ef um munn líðr, Þorst. Síðu H., Vápn. 15; ef maðr mælir nokkuru orði í mót, if he says a word against it, Nj. 216; trúa öngu orði því er ek segi, 265; vil eg eiga leiðrétting orða minna, 132; cp. the saying, allir eiga leiðrétting orða sinna: satt orð, Fms. vii. (in a verse); sinna þrimr orðum við e-n, to exchange three words with a person, Hm. 126; mæla mörgum orðum, 104; skilin orð, 135; spyrja einu orði, Fms. vi. (in a verse); fá orð, a few words; góð orð good words; íll orð, bad language; hálft orð, in the phrase, eg vildi tala hálft orð við þig (half a word, i. e. a few words), lofa e-n í hverju orði; lasta hann í hverju orði; í einu orði, in one word; segja í sínu orði hvárt, to say one thing in one breath and another in the next, Nj. 261; auka tekið orð; orð eptir orð, word for word, Dipl. iii. 11; taka til orða orðs, to begin to speak, Nj. 122, 230; kveða at orði, to say, utter, 233, 238; hafa við orð, to hint at, 160; hafa þat orð á, to give out, Fms. vii. 285; göra orð á e-u, to notice, Nj. 197; vel orði farinn, well spoken, eloquent, Fms. xi. 193, Ld. 122; varð þeim mjök at orðum, they came to high words, Nj. 27 (sundr-orða, and-orða):—allit., orð ok verk (orig. vord ok verk), words and work, Grág. i. 162, ii. 336; fullréttis-orð, 147; fornkveðit orð, an old saw, Eg. 520; Heilög orð, holy words, Grág. i. 76; fá sér e-ð til orða, to notice, to resent; eg vil ekki fá mér það til orða, Vídal. ii. 41.
    2. vísu-orð, a verse line, the eighth part of a strophe, Edda (Ht.); átta menn yrki alla vísu, ok yrki eitt orð hverr þeirra, if eight persons make a strophe, each of them making a ‘word,’ of a libel, Grág. ii. 152; ef maðr yrkir tvau orð en annarr önnur tvau ok ráða þeir báðir samt um ok varðar skóggang hvárum-tveggja, 148 (of a libel); síðan kváðu þær vísu þessa, ok kvað sitt orð hver, Sturl. ii. 9.
    3. gramm. a word, verb; sögn er inn minnsti hluti samansetts máls, sú sögn er af alþyðu kölluð orð, Skálda 180; nafn ok orð, noun and verb, id.; viðr-orð, adverb, id.; þóat þat orð sé í tvau samstöfur deilt, 164.
    II. metaph. and special usages:
    1. word, fame, report; gott orð, good report, Fs. 17, Nj. 16; þar féll hann fyrir Barða, ok hafði gott orð, Ísl. ii. 366; íllt orð, evil report, Fms. vii. 59; lék hit sama orð á, Fs. 75; er þat hætt við orði, it will give rise to evil report. Band. 12 new Ed.; fyrir orðs sakir, for report’s sake, because of what people say, Nj. 6; þótt okkr sé þat til orðs lagit, although we are blamed for it, 246; þat lagði Skamkell mér til orðs, 85; aðrir leggja þeim þetta til orðs, Gísl. 84; en mér er þat lítt at skapi at hón hljóti af þér nökkut orð, Fbr. 30 new Ed.
    2. a message; senda, göra e-m orð, Eg. 19, 26, 742, Nj. 163: a word, reply, sendimaðr sagði honum orð Úlfs, 160: a request, entreaty, ef þú vill ekki göra fyrir mín orð, 88; hann hefr upp orð sin ok biðr hennar, Eg. 26 (bónorð).
    3. as a law phrase, an indictment, summons; enda á hann orði at ráða við hinn er við tekr, the receiver has the right of indictment or summoning, Grág. i. 334; hann á kost at sækja þann er hann vill um ok ráða sjálfr orði, 401; ok á sá orði um at ráða er eggver á, ii. 307; ok á þá hinn orði at ráða um við hann er fé þat átti, 309: orð ok særi, words and oaths, Vsp. 30:—a word, verdict, vote, or the like, kveðja búa allra þeirra orða, er hann skylda lög til um at skilja, Grág. i. 369, Nj. 238; sækja orð (vote) lögréttumanns til búðar, Grág. 1. 9; þá skal sækjandi bera fram vætti þat er nefnt var at orðum biskups, þá er hann lofaði fjár-heimting, 377.
    III. bón-orð, wooing; heit-orð, lof-orð, a promise; dóms-orð, a sentence; vátt-orð, testimony; urðar-orð, the ‘weird’s word,’ fate, Fsm. May there not be some etymological connection between ‘word’ and ‘weird,’ Icel. orð and urðr, qs. word, wurðr? the notion of weird, doom prevails in compds, as ban-orð, dauða-orð, = death-weird, fate; other compds denote state, condition, as in leg-orð, vit-orð, = Ulf. wit-ods; goð-orð, priesthood; met-orð, rank; gjaf-orð, marriage, being given away.
    B. COMPDS: orðaatvik, orðaákast, orðabelgr, orðabók, orðadráttr, orðafar, orðafjöldi, orðaframburðr, orðaframkast, orðafullting, orðfyndni, orðaglæsur, orðagnótt, orðagrein, orðahagr, orðahald, orðahendingar, orðheppinn, orðahjaldr, orðahnippingar, orðhof, orðskviðr, orðskviðaháttr, orðakvöð, orðalag, orðlagðr, orðalauss, orðaleiðing, orðalengd, orðlengja, orðamaðr, orðreyrr, orðarómr, orðræmðr, orðasafn, orðasamr, orðasemi, orðaskak, orðaskil, orðaskipan, orðaskipti, orðaskortr, orðaskrap, orðaskrum, orðastaðr, orðstafir, orðasveimr, orðsvif, orðatiltekja, orðatiltæki, orðstírr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ORÐ

  • 34 SKJÖLDR

    (gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; pl. skildir, acc. skjöldu), m. shield;
    hafa e-n at skildi fyrir sér, to have another as a shield before one;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to have the best of it, to gain the day;
    þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that standard;
    leika tveim skjöldum, to play a double game;
    koma í opna skjöldu, to attack in flank (from the left);
    skjóta skildi yfir e-n, to protect one.
    * * *
    m., gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; an old dat. in poets skjaldi,—hj aldrs á mínum skj aldi, Eb. 27 new Ed. (in a verse); h aldorð í bug skj aldi, Fms. vi. (in a verse); h aldir fast ok skj aldi, Kormak: plur. skildir; acc. skjöldu, mod. skildi: [Ulf. skildus = θυρεός, Ephes. vi. 16; Dan. skjold; Swed. sköld; common to all Teut. languages: it is commonly derived from skjól, shelter, although the short root vowel and the final d of skild speak against this: ‘skillingr’ or ‘skildingr’ ( a shilling) may be a derivative from ‘skildus,’ from the shape, and from the painted or scratched ‘ring’ on the shields; see below: in fact, an old poet (Bragi) calls the shield ‘the penny of the hall of Odin.’]
    A. A shield, the generic name; the special names are, rönd, rít, baugr, targa, lind; þeir höfðu ekki langa skjöldu, Fas. i. 379; góðan skjöld ok þjökkan á hálsi, Sks. 407; skjöld á hlið, Bjarn. 62, and so in countless instances.
    II. special phrases; halda skildi fyrir e-m (e-n), to hold one’s shield, as a second in a holmganga, Glúm. 332, Korm. 88; or, fyrir e-n, Ísl. ii. 257; era héra at borgnara þótt hæna beri skjöld, Fms. vii. 116: hafa e-n at skildi, to have another as one’s shield, i. e. seek shelter behind him, Nj. 8; bera efra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, gain the day, Fas. i. 383, Fms. x. 394: þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that shield, that standard, vii. 293; þjóna undir sama skjöld, viii. 109: binda öllum jafnan skjöld, to tie the same shield to all, treat all in one fashion (metaphor from a withy-shield?), Clem. 44: leika tveim skjöldum, to play with two shields, play a double game (metaphor from the red and white shields, see B), Am. 70, Hkr. i. (in a verse): koma í opna skjöldu, to fall into the open (hollow) shield, to attack in flank ( from the left), Fms. vi. 408, Stj. 365, Eg. 295, Fb. ii. 123; rennir sá maðr í kirkjugarð, ok sækir þingat skjöld, and seeks protection there, N. G. L. i. 352; múrr ok skjöldr, Mar.
    III. of any shield-formed thing; tólgar-s., a round piece of tallow; also of shield-like spots on cattle or whales: of a white tablet in churches, Vm. 142, 162, 168, Ám. 55, Pm. 17: brjóst-skjöldr, a round brooch.
    IV. a pr. name, Nj., Hkr. (of the son of Odin, the ancestor of the Danish kings); Skjöldungar, Edda; Skjöldr Skánunga goð, Fb. iii. 246.
    COMPDS: skjaldarband, skjaldarbukl, skjaldarfetill, skjaldarjötunn, skjaldarrönd, skjaldarskirfl, skjaldarsporðr.
    B. Remarks on the shield.—A shield was raised as a signal in time of war; a red shield betokened war (rauðr skjöldr, her-skjöldr), a white shield peace (hvítr skjöldr, friðar-skjöldr, a peace-shield); in a battle the red shield was hoisted, Hkv. 1. 33; but, bregða upp friðar skildi, to hoist the (white) shield of peace, was a sign that the battle was to cease; hann lét skjóta upp skildi hvítum, Fagrsk. 6l, Fms. vii. 23; hence also the phrase, bera herskjöld, or, fara herskildi, to harry, overrun a land with the ‘war shield,’ see frið-skjöldr and her-skjöldr (s. v. herr). War ships were lined from stem to stern with a wall of shields,—skip skarat skjöldum, or skjaldat skip; hann kom í Bjarnar-fjörð með al-skjölduðu skipi, síðan var hann Skjaldar-Björn kallaðr, Landn. 156. The halls of the ancients were hung all round with a row of shields, Gm. 9, Edda 2, Eg. 43, see the curious story in Fas. iii. 42. For the shield-wall in battles see skjald-borg. Ancient sayings; nú er skarð fyrir skildi, now there is a gap for a shield, a breach in the fence, of a heavy loss, such as the death of a person, nú er skarð fyrir skildi, nú er svanrinn nár á Tjörn, Jón Þorl.; höggva skarð í skildi e-s, to cut a notch in one’s shield, inflict a severe blow, Orkn. (in a verse). Shields were furnished with a painted or carved ‘ring’ representing mythological or heroic subjects; these rings are the earliest works of Northern art on record, hence come the names rít, baugr, rönd, of which rít points to scratching (whereas Bragi used ‘fá’ = to paint); rauðum skildi, rönd var ór gulli, Hkv. 1. 33. Such shields were a lordly gift, and gave rise to several ancient poems treating of the subjects carved or painted on the shield, such as the famous Haust-löng by Thjodolf, the Ragnars-kviða by Bragi, the two Beru-drápur (Shield-songs) by Egill; these ‘shield-lays’ were afterwards the sources of the writer of the Edda, but only a few fragments are preserved; (cp. the Greek lay on ‘the shield of Heracles,’ and the lay on Achilles’ shield in the Iliad.)

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SKJÖLDR

  • 35 stefna

    * * *
    I)
    (-da, -dr), v.
    1) to go in a certain direction, esp. of sailing (s. inn fjörðinn, út ór firðinum); þat (viz. dýrit) stefndi til Hrútsstaða, it made for H.;
    2) to aim at (höggit stefndi á fótlegginn); e-m verðr nær stefnt, one has a narrow escape; betr fór en til var stefnt, better than it was begun, of luck better than foresight; with dat., s. sér til ørkumla, to expose oneself to;
    3) to give notice to one, summon one; s. e-m um e-t, to summon one for a thing; ek skal þér Mörðr vera ok s. þér af konunni, and summon thee to give up thy wife;
    5) to call, summon (s. e-m til tals við sik, á sinn fund); s. at sér liði, to summon troops; s. e-m saman, to call together (s. saman öllum lýð);
    6) with acc. to call together, fix, appoint (þeir stefndu þar þing, en bœndr vildu eigi til koma).
    f.
    1) direction, course; halttu fram stefnunni, keep on in the same direction;
    2) appointed meeting (N. konungr kom fyrr miklu til stefnunnar ok beið þar lengi);
    3) the appointed time for meeting (er s. sú var liðin, er á kveðin var, þá etc.);
    4) summons; þriggja nátta s., a summons with three days’ notice; Otkell lætr þegar dynja stefnuna, O. immediately thundered out the summons.
    * * *
    1.
    and stemna, d, [stafn, stamn], to ‘point with the stem’ to stand in a certain direction, (esp. of sailing, from which the metaphor is taken); s. inn fjörðinn, Landn. 56, Eg. 128: s. út ór firði. to stand out of the firth, Ó. H. 37; s. út á haf, Fms. i. 26; þeir stefndu inn í Víkina, 60; s. á land upp, vii. 202; s. til bæjarins, Eg. 230; þat stefndi til Rúts-staða, Nj. 35:—to aim at, höggit stefndi á fótlegginn, the blow aimed at the leg, Fms. vii. 325; sendi ör af lásboga, þó óafvitandi á hvern hann stefndi, Stj. 604: phrases, e-m verðr nær stefnt, to escape narrowly, Fms. viii. 328; betr enn til var stefnt, better than it was begun, of luck better than foresight, ix. 414; stefna sér til örkumla, to court, expose oneself to, Bjarn. 56.
    II. a law term, to give notice to one, summon him, the person in dat., Grág., N. G. L., Nj.; s. manni í dóm, til alþingis, etc., passim; s. e-m um e-t, Grág. i. 107; s. um sök, 21: with a double dat., s. manni þeirri sök er tólftar-kviðr fylgir, to summon a person in such a case, 20; ek skal þér Mörðr vera ok stefna þér af konunni, Nj. 15.
    2. to cite, of a case; stefna sök, to call a case into court, Grág. i. 36; s. máli, Nj. 33; s. dómi til rofs, Grág. ii. 101; s. til alþingis, i. 106; s. í hvárt þing sem vill, 162: the word is used in countless instances in Grág., Nj., and the Sagas: to recite the summons, hann stefndi fyrir málinu, en hann mælti eptir ok stefndi rangt, Nj. 35.
    3. to call together, with acc., of a meeting; s. þing, to call a meeting, Fb. ii. 38, Ld. 2, Hkr. iii. 26, Fær. 119, Eg. 338:—s. saman, to call together; stefna saman þegn ok þræl, Stj. 611; s. saman öllum lýð, 541; s. at sér liði, to summon the troops, Eg. 270; s. til sín, 26, 32, 269; s. at sér mönnum, to gather men, Nj. 104; stemna stemnu, to summon formally, Grág. i. 108; s. veizlu, to bid people to a feast, Fms. xi. 45; þessi ætlan er nú er stefnd, Hkr. iii. 384.
    2.
    or stemna, u, f. a direction, Hkr. i. 158:—an appointed meeting.
    II. a law term, a summons, citation; eiga stefnu við e-n, Eg. 271; koma fyrr til stefnu, Fms. vii. 151.
    2. the term = stef; þriggja nátta stefna, Fms. viii. 200; mánaðar-s., at liðinni þeirri stefnu, Grág. i. 378; er at þeirri stefnu kom, Eg. 30; er sú s. var liðin, 277; tólt mánaða stemna, N. G. L. i. 43; selja jörð ór stemnu, to sell an estate held by lease, Gþl. 309: the saying, allr dagr til stefnu, all the day for a citation, a summons being lawful if served before nightfall, Jb.; hence metaph., það er allr dagr til stefnu, i. e. plenty of time or leisure, of a thing which is not pressing.
    COMPDS: stefnuboð, stefnudagr, stefnudægr, stefnufall, stefnufundr, stefnuför, stefnugörð, stefnujörð, stefnulag, stefnuleiðangr, stefnulið, stefnulýðr, stefnumaðr, stefnumorginn, stefnurof, stefnustaðr, stefnustofa, stefnusök, stefnutal, stefnutími, stefnuvargr, stefnuváttr, stefnuvitni.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > stefna

  • 36 עבד

    עָבַד(b. h.) ( to work) 1) to serve, work for. Gitt.IV, 5 עוֹבֵד את רבווכ׳ works one day for his master, and one for himself; a. fr. Esp. to do priestly service. Ḥull.24b אחיו הכהנים … לַעֲבוֹדוכ׳ his brother priests allow him not to serve, until he is twenty years of age. 2) to prepare; to till the ground; to dress (hides). Gen. R. s. 22 קין עובד אדמה Cain the tiller of the ground. Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41b bot. גוי עוֹבְדָן; Tosef. ib. IV (V), 10 עוֹבְדוֹ, v. דָּבַב I; (Bab. ib. 33a עיבדן). Y.Sabb.I, 4b top נתן כלים … ומצאו עובד בווכ׳ if one gave a gentile garments to wash, and found him working at them on the Sabbath; a. fr.Part. pass. עָבוּד, pl. עֲבוּדִין dressed, v. infra. 3) (v. עֲבוֹדָה) to use esp. for idolatrous purposes; to worship. Tem.VI, 1, v. infra. Ab. Zar. III, 7 (defining אשרה) כל שעוֹבְדִין אותה a tree which is itself worshipped (not one at which idolatrous rites are performed). Ib. הואיל … הן עובדין since they worship merely the image (under the tree). Snh.VII, 6 העובדע״ז אחד העובדוכ׳ he who worships an idol, whether he goes through the regular forms of that particular worship (v. ib. 60b), or sacrifices Ab. Zar. III, 5 העכומ״ז העובדיןוכ׳ as to idolaters that worship mountains and hills (as deities), they (the territories) may be used, but what is on them is forbidden. Ib. 45b אילן … ולבסוף עֲבָדוֹ if one planted a tree and afterwards made it a subject of worship. Ib. 46a ועוֹבְדֵיהֶן בסייף and those (Jews) who worship them are put to death by the sword; Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 8. Sabb.56b אילמלי לא … ולא עָבְדוּ ישראלע״א had David not listened to evil gossip (against Mephibosheth), … Israel would not have worshipped idols (under Jeroboam). Ib. 105b עד שיאמר לו עֲבוֹדע״ז until he (the tempter) finally tells him, worship idols; Tosef.B. Kam. IX, 31. Ḥull.13b נכרים שבח״ל לאו עוֹבְדֵיע״א הן gentiles outside of Palestine must not be considered as idolaters; a. v. fr. Nif. נֶעֱבַד 1) to be prepared, dressed. Tosef. B. Kam. l. c. עורות שאינן נֶעֱבָדִין ed. Zuck. (oth. ed. עֲבוּדִין) undressed hides; a. e. 2) to be used, esp. for illicit purposes; to be worshipped. Tem. l. c. המוקצה והנ׳ the animal designated for idolatrous purposes and the one used; expl. כל שעובדין אותו whatever they may use it for ((e. g. yoking the ox, shearing the sheep for the benefit of idolatrous temples). Ib. 28a נעבדה בהן עבירה an illicit act has been done with them (by coupling them); ib. לא נֵתְעַבְּדָה בה עבירה no sinful act has been done with it (by which to unfit it for the altar). Ab. Zar.46b יש נ׳ במחובר אצל גבוה does the law forbidding the use in divine worship of objects which have been used for idolatrous purposes include things fixed in the ground? Ib. יש שינוי בנ׳ does change of form restore to legitimate use objects otherwise forbidden on account of their use in connection with idolatry? a. fr. Nithpa. נַתְעַבֵּד same, v. supra. Hif. הֶעֱבִיד to enslave, oppress. Yalk. Ex. 162 הֶעֱבִידוֹ בכלוכ׳ he (Esau) oppressed him with all sorts of troubles. Pi. עִיבֵּד to prepare, esp. to dress hides. Sabb.VII, 2 (among the labors forbidden on the Sabbath) והמְעַבֵּד את עורו dressing the hide of the deer (to fit it for parchment). Ib. 75b חייב משום מעבד is guilty of a Sabbath offence coming under the category of tanning. Gitt.54b גוילין … לא עִיבַּדְתִּין לשמן I did not prepare the parchment sheets with the proper intention; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > עבד

  • 37 עָבַד

    עָבַד(b. h.) ( to work) 1) to serve, work for. Gitt.IV, 5 עוֹבֵד את רבווכ׳ works one day for his master, and one for himself; a. fr. Esp. to do priestly service. Ḥull.24b אחיו הכהנים … לַעֲבוֹדוכ׳ his brother priests allow him not to serve, until he is twenty years of age. 2) to prepare; to till the ground; to dress (hides). Gen. R. s. 22 קין עובד אדמה Cain the tiller of the ground. Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41b bot. גוי עוֹבְדָן; Tosef. ib. IV (V), 10 עוֹבְדוֹ, v. דָּבַב I; (Bab. ib. 33a עיבדן). Y.Sabb.I, 4b top נתן כלים … ומצאו עובד בווכ׳ if one gave a gentile garments to wash, and found him working at them on the Sabbath; a. fr.Part. pass. עָבוּד, pl. עֲבוּדִין dressed, v. infra. 3) (v. עֲבוֹדָה) to use esp. for idolatrous purposes; to worship. Tem.VI, 1, v. infra. Ab. Zar. III, 7 (defining אשרה) כל שעוֹבְדִין אותה a tree which is itself worshipped (not one at which idolatrous rites are performed). Ib. הואיל … הן עובדין since they worship merely the image (under the tree). Snh.VII, 6 העובדע״ז אחד העובדוכ׳ he who worships an idol, whether he goes through the regular forms of that particular worship (v. ib. 60b), or sacrifices Ab. Zar. III, 5 העכומ״ז העובדיןוכ׳ as to idolaters that worship mountains and hills (as deities), they (the territories) may be used, but what is on them is forbidden. Ib. 45b אילן … ולבסוף עֲבָדוֹ if one planted a tree and afterwards made it a subject of worship. Ib. 46a ועוֹבְדֵיהֶן בסייף and those (Jews) who worship them are put to death by the sword; Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 8. Sabb.56b אילמלי לא … ולא עָבְדוּ ישראלע״א had David not listened to evil gossip (against Mephibosheth), … Israel would not have worshipped idols (under Jeroboam). Ib. 105b עד שיאמר לו עֲבוֹדע״ז until he (the tempter) finally tells him, worship idols; Tosef.B. Kam. IX, 31. Ḥull.13b נכרים שבח״ל לאו עוֹבְדֵיע״א הן gentiles outside of Palestine must not be considered as idolaters; a. v. fr. Nif. נֶעֱבַד 1) to be prepared, dressed. Tosef. B. Kam. l. c. עורות שאינן נֶעֱבָדִין ed. Zuck. (oth. ed. עֲבוּדִין) undressed hides; a. e. 2) to be used, esp. for illicit purposes; to be worshipped. Tem. l. c. המוקצה והנ׳ the animal designated for idolatrous purposes and the one used; expl. כל שעובדין אותו whatever they may use it for ((e. g. yoking the ox, shearing the sheep for the benefit of idolatrous temples). Ib. 28a נעבדה בהן עבירה an illicit act has been done with them (by coupling them); ib. לא נֵתְעַבְּדָה בה עבירה no sinful act has been done with it (by which to unfit it for the altar). Ab. Zar.46b יש נ׳ במחובר אצל גבוה does the law forbidding the use in divine worship of objects which have been used for idolatrous purposes include things fixed in the ground? Ib. יש שינוי בנ׳ does change of form restore to legitimate use objects otherwise forbidden on account of their use in connection with idolatry? a. fr. Nithpa. נַתְעַבֵּד same, v. supra. Hif. הֶעֱבִיד to enslave, oppress. Yalk. Ex. 162 הֶעֱבִידוֹ בכלוכ׳ he (Esau) oppressed him with all sorts of troubles. Pi. עִיבֵּד to prepare, esp. to dress hides. Sabb.VII, 2 (among the labors forbidden on the Sabbath) והמְעַבֵּד את עורו dressing the hide of the deer (to fit it for parchment). Ib. 75b חייב משום מעבד is guilty of a Sabbath offence coming under the category of tanning. Gitt.54b גוילין … לא עִיבַּדְתִּין לשמן I did not prepare the parchment sheets with the proper intention; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > עָבַד

  • 38 ἐν

    ἐν, p. ἐνί, Il. 13, 608 u. öfter, Soph. Tr. 6 (s. unten), u. εἰν, Od. 1, 162 u. öfter, Soph. Ant. 1226, wo man an das ep. εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν erinnert wird; auch εἰνί, Il. 8, 199 Od. 9, 417; Eur. Heracl. 893. Sein od. Verweilen in, an, auf Etwas. – 1) vom Orte u. zwar – a) am gewöhnlichsten innerhalb eines Raumes, in, ἐν νήσῳ, ἐν δώμασιν u. ä., Hom. u. Folgde überall; τίς. ἔνδον ἐν δόμοις Aesch. Ch. 643; ἐν οἴκοις ἢ 'ν ἀγροῖς Soph. O. R. 112; ἐν ξένᾳ, in der Fremde, Phil. 135. – Wie bei εἰς wird οἶκος oft ausgelassen. ἐν Ἅιδου, von Hom. an überall, πολλὰ δ' ἐν ἀφνειοῠ πατρὸς κειμήλια κεῖται Il. 6, 47; ἐνὶ Κίρκης ἔρχαται Od. 10, 282; vgl. 7, 132; ἐν ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβεστάτου τραφείς Eur. I. A. 926; ἐν παιδοτρίβου καϑίζειν Ar. Nub. 972; ἐν Πυϑίου Thuc. 6, 54, wie Plat. Gorg. 472 a; ἐν Ἀρίφρονος ἐπαίδευε, ἐν κιϑαριστοῠ, ἐν διδασκάλων, Prot. 320 a Theaet. 206 a Alcib. I, 110 a; τὸ χωρίον τὸ ἐν γειτόνων Dem. 53, 10, woran sich auch ἐν αὑτοῦ reiht, Ar. Vesp. 642; Plat. Charm. 155 d, s. unten 6. – b) auf, ἐν ἵπποις, ἐν ϑρόνοις, Hom., Aesch. Ch. 969; ἐν σάκει, Spt. oft; ἐν ϑαλλοῖς συγκατῄϑομεν Soph. Ant. 1186; ἐν στιβάσι κείμενοι Xen. An. 5, 9, 4; ἐν τῇ γῇ, ἐν τῇ ϑαλάττῃ ἄρχειν, 6, 4, 13; ἐν τῷ δεξιῷ, auf dem rechten Flügel, 1, 8, 5; ἐν τοῖν ὀβολοῖν ϑεωρεῖν, auf dem Zwei-Obolenplatz, Dem. 18, 28; ἐν τοῖς στεφανώμασιν, auf dem Kranzmarkt, Ar. Eccl. 303 u. Phereer. Ath. XV, 658 b, wie ἐν τῷ μύρῳ, in dem Salbenladen, Ar. Eq. 1371 u. Polyzel. Schol. Ar. Plut. 550; ἐν τοῖς ἰχϑύσιν, auf dem Fischmarkt, Antiphan. Ath. VII, 287 e. – c) das Daransein, die unmittelbare Nähe ausdrückend; ἐν οὐρανῷ, am Himmel, Il. 8, 555; ἐν ποταμῷ, am Flusse, 18, 521 Od. 5, 466; ἐν τόξῳ, ἐν ξίφει, ἐν ῥυμῷ, ἐν χρῷ, s. χρώς; ἐν πέτροισι πέτρον ἐκτρίβων, daran reibend, Soph. Phil. 295; χεῖρας αἱμάξαι ἔν τινι Ai. 448; τἂν ποσίν, das vor den Füßen, das Gegenwärtige, Ant. 1309, vgl. τὰ ἐν μυχοῖς 1279. Aber ἐν τοῖς δένδροις ἑστάναι = zwischen den Bäumen, Xen. An. 4, 7, 9; u. ἀνάπαυλαι ἐν τοῖς δένδρεσίν εἰσιν σκιαραί = unter, Plat. Legg. I, 625 b; ἐν τῷ λιμένι Xen. An. 6, 2, 1; oft ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ, am Pontus. Bes. seit Her. ἐν Κύπρῳ ναυμαχεῖν, 5, 115, von Schlachten, die bei einem Orte, im Gebiete desselben geliefert werden, Thuc. u. Folgende; so ἐν Κορωνείᾳ κινδυνεύειν Xen. An. 5, 3, 6; ἡ ἐν Τροίᾳ μονή, vor Troja, Plat. Crat. 395 a; u. sehr gew. οἱ ἐν Μαραϑῶνι, die Kämpfer bei Mar. oder die dort Gebliebenen, Thuc. 2, 34; Selten so von Personen, παρέσται ἐν πόσει, Eur. El. 641; προξένων ἔν τῳ κατέσχες Ion 365, vgl. Heracl. 757. – d) auch bei Verbis, die eine Bewegung ausdrücken, um die Erreichung des Zieles u. das Verweilen daselbst anzudeuten. Schon Hom. oft ἐν κονίῃσι πέσε, ἐν χερσὶ πεσεῖν u. ä., ἐν χείρεσσι λάβ' αἰγίδα Il. 15, 229, ἐν Τρωσὶν ὄρουσαν 16, 258, λέων ἐν βουσὶ ϑορών 5, 261, ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσιν ἄφυσσον Od. 2, 349, ἐν τεύχεσι δύνειν Il. 23, 131, ἂν δ' ἔβαν ἐν δίφροισι 132; κάββαλ' ἐνὶ πόντῳ Hes. Th. 189; τοιαῦτ' ἀκούων ἐν φρεσὶν γράφου Aesch. Ch. 443, wie ἐνὶ φρεσὶν βάλλω, Hom.; ἐλπίδας κατῴκισα ἐν αὐτοῖς, habe ich in ihnen erweckt, Aesch. Prom. 250; ἵζει μάντιν ἐν ϑρόνοις Eum. 18. Bes. bei τίϑημι, πίπτω u. ä., ἐνμέσῳ τίϑημι, ἐν δώμασι πιτνών, Aesch. Ch. 36. 143; ἐν πέδῳ βαλῶ Ag. 1145; ἐν τάφῳ ϑεῖναι Soph. Ant. 499; ἐν ποίμναις πιτνών, ἐν βουσὶ πεσών, Ai. 184. 367; ἐν μέσῳ σκάφει ϑέντες Trach. 800; ἐν δ' ἐμῷ κάρᾳ ϑεὸς ἔπαισεν Ant. 1258; auch in Prosa, ἐμπίπτειν ἐν Thuc. 7, 87; ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἐνε-πεπτώκεισαν Plat. Euthyd. 292 e; ἐν τῇ γῇ καταπεφευγέναι Thuc. 4, 14; ᾤχοντο δ' ἐν τοῖς ὀχυροῖς καὶ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐν τούτοις ἀνακεκομισμένοι ἦσαν Xen. An. 4, 7, 17; in welchen Beispielen das perf. zu beachten; ἐν μέσοις ἀναμεμιγμένοι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν 4, 8, 8; ὡς ἐν ἐχυρωτάτῳ ποιεῖσϑαι, an den sichersten Ort bringen, Cyr. 1, 6, 26. Auffallender ἐν Ἀμβρακίᾳ ἀπῄεσαν, ἀποστελοῠντες ἐν Σικελίᾳ, Thuc. 4, 42. 7, 17, wie ἡ ἐν τῷ Πειραιῷ τῶν νεῶν καταφυγή 8, 11; ὁ ἐν Σικελίᾳ πλοῦς Lys. 19, 43; ῥιπτοῠντες σφᾶς ἐν τῇ ϑαλάττῃ Arr. An. 1, 19, 3; Sp., häufig geradezu für εἰς, wie διαβάντες ἐν Σάμῳ Paus. 7, 4, 3. – Bei den Doriern steht ἐν für εἰς, dah. c. acc. bei Pind. P. 2, 11. 86. 5, 38 N. 7, 31. – 2) auf Menschen übertr., – a) unter; ἐν πρώτοις μάχεσϑαι Il. 9, 709; ἐν προμάχοισι φανείς 3, 31; κλέος ἐσϑλὸν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρέσϑαι 17, 16; οἴη ἐν ἀϑανάτοις 1, 398; νεῖκος ἐν ἀϑανάτοισιν ὄρωρεν 24, 107; ἐν δὲ τῇσι (βουσὶ) νομεύς 15, 632; ἄρχειν, ἀνάσσειν ἐν πολλοῖς, unter vielen, 13, 689 Od. 19, 110; φῦλον ἐν ἀνϑρώποισι ματαιότατον Pind. P. 3, 21. So oft Tragg.; ἄτιμος ἐν ϑεοῖς Aesch. Eum. 691 (vgl. Soph. O. R. 215 Xen. An. 7, 7, 501; τὰ ἐν βροτοῖς πήματα Prom. 440; ἐν πρώτοις ἕπει Soph. El. 28; Prosa, ὄνομα μέγιστον ἐν πᾶσιν ἀνϑρώποις ἔχειν Thuc. 2, 64; ἐν ϑεοῖς καὶ ἀνϑρώποις Plat. Legg. IX, 879 b; ἐν πᾶσιν εὐδόκιμοι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, bei, I, 631 c; vgl. Prot. 337 b 343 c; μνήμην παρέχειν ἔν τισι Xen. An. 6, 3, 24; bes. λέγειν, νομίζειν, καταριϑμεῖν, λέγεσϑαι ἐν, dazu, darunter rechnen, Aesch. Prom. 975 Eur. Herc. Fur. 175 Plat. Polit. 266 a Xen. An. 1, 6, 1 Hem. 2, 2, 1; – οἱ ἐν γένει, die Verwandten, Soph. O. R. 1430. – Auch von Dingen, ἐν ἐλπίσι τρέφω Soph. Ant. 888. – b) bei λέγειν u. ä. geht es in die Bedeutung vor, in Gegenwart über; ἐν ὑμῖν ἐρέω Il. 9, 528; ἐν πᾶσι, in Gegenwart aller, Od. 2, 194. 16, 378; ἐν τῷ δήμῳ Plat. Rep. VIII, 565 b; ἐν μάρτυσι Conv. 175 e; nach λέγειν ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ, Antiph. 6, 24, auch ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, ibd. 23; Is. 2, 4; Dem. 8, 1. 27; κατηγορεῖν Plat. Legg. X, 886 e; sehr gew. ἐν εἰδόσι μακρηγορεῖν u. ä., Thuc. 2, 26, wohin auch ἐν νομοϑέταις ϑέσϑαι, λύειν νόμον gerechnet werden kann, Dem. 3, 10. 2433, wie ἐν ὑμῖν (vor, bei euch, den Richtern) πειράσομαι τῶν δικαίων τυχεῖν 40, 3. – Aehnl. δεῖξαι ἐν Ἀργείοις μέσοις Soph. Phil. 626, vgl. 1053; εἰ τάδ' έστὶν ἐν ϑεοῖς καλά, wenn das vor den Göttern recht ist, Ant. 916. – c) bes. zu bemerken ist ἐν τοῖς beim superlat., wobei man von Stellen ausgeht, wie πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλα οἱ λόγοι ὑμῶν καλὰ ἔχουσιν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς καὶ τοῦτο μεγαλοπρεπέστερον, Plat. Euthyd. 303 c, wo es deutlich unter diesem Guten ist; ὃ δὴ δοκεῖ ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις μέγιστον εἶναι Crat. 427 e; τοῦτό μοι ἐν τοῖσι ϑειότατον φαίνεται γίγνεσϑαι Her. 7, 137; häufig Thuc., z. B. ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες, ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο, 3, 17. 82; Plat. ἣν ἀγγελίαν ἐγώ, ὥς μοι δοκῶ, ἐν τοῖς βαρύτατα ἂν ἐνέγκοιμι Crit. 43 c; am häufigsten ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα, z. B. Thuc. 8, 90 Plat. Theaet. 186 a. Aehnl. ἐν πᾶσι, vor Allen. – 3) an 1 c) schließt sich die Bdtg des Umgebenseins von Etwas, οὐρανὸς ἐν αἰϑέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι, der Him-mel in Lichthelle u. Wolkenumhüllung, Il. 15, 19. Bes. – a) von Kleidern, Waffen u. dgl.; ἐν ῥινῷ λέοντος στάς Pind. I. 6, 53; χαλκέοισι δ' ἐν ἔντεσι Ol. 4, 22; ἐν πεπλώματι Soph. Tr. 610; ἐν τρισὶ μορφαῖσιν ibd. 10; κἂν τοῖςδε κόσμοις καταγελωμένη Aesch. Ag. 1244; ὑφαντοῖς ἐν πέπλοις κείμενος 1562; ἐν ῥακίοις περιειλόμενος Ar. Ran. 1093; ἐν ἐσϑῆσι Her. 2, 159; ὀξυπρώροισι βρέμων ἐν αἰχμαῖς Aesch. Prom. 422; in Prosa oft; ἐν ὅπλοις εἶναι Her. 1, 13; Thuc-6, 74; ἐξέτασιν ἐν ὅπλοις ποιεῖσϑαι, γενέσϑαι, Xen. Cyr. 2, 4, 1 An. 5, 3, 3; Mem. 3, 9, 2. Vgl. ἐν κανοῖς, mit Körben, Dem. 59, 78; u. bei Luc. ἐν πώγωνι, ἐν γενείῳ βαϑεῖ, Salt. 5; auch ἐν μαλακοῖς ἠμφιεσμένον, Hatth. 11, 8, womit ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὑτοῠ zu vgl., 6, 29; ἐν ἐξωμίσι φαύλαις Ael. V. H. 9, 34. – Aehnl. ἐν μεγάλοις φορτίοις βαδίζειν, unter schweren Lasten, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 14; δένδρα ἐν καρποῖς, mit Früchten, Long. past. 1, 11. – b) von Banden u. Fesseln; ἐν δεσμῷ δῆσαι Il. 5, 386; Od. 12, 54; ἐν ἐλλεδανοῖσι δέεσϑαι Il. 18, 553; ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα Aesch. Prom. 460; ἄνδρα πεδήσασα ἐν πέπλῳ Eum. 604; ἐν βρόχῳ ϑανεῖν Ch. 550; ἐν ξύλῳ δήσας Ar. Equ. 393. 702; ἐν πέδαις δεδέσϑαι Xen. An. 4, 3, 8. – c) Aehnlich ist, wo es zum Theil mit dem instrumentalen dat. zusammenfällt, ἐν χεροῖν λαβεῖν, κατέχειν, Soph. O. R. 912 O. C. 1696; οὐ κόμπον ἐν χεροῖν ἔχων Aesch. Spt. 455; woran sich reihen ἐν παλάμῃσι κατέκταϑεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ Il. 5, 558, vgl. 7, 105 (aber ϑανέειν ἐν χερσὶν ἐμῇσι, 22, 426, ist = in meinen Armen); ἀγαναῖσιν ἐν χερσὶν ἐδάμασσε πώλους Pind. P. 2, 8; ἐν ξέναισι χερσὶ κηδευϑείς, ἐν φίλαισι χερσὶν ἐκόσμησα, Soph. El. 1128. 1130; so bei Thuc. oft, γενομένης δ' ἐν χερσὶ τῆς μάχης, als es zum Gefecht kam, 6, 70, wo der Schol. bemerkt: nachdem die Schleuderer aufhörten; ἦν ἡ μάχη κρατερὰ καὶ ἐν χερσὶ πᾶσα 4, 43; so ἐν χερσὶν εἶναι, γίγνεσϑαι, 3, 108. 7, 5; ἀποκτείνειν 3, 66 u. ä., s. χείρ; – ἐν ὠσὶ νωμᾶν καὶ φρεσὶν πυρὸς δίχα χρηστηρίους ὄρνιϑας Aesch. Spt. 25; ἐν τοῖσιν ὠσὶ δάκνει Soph. Ant. 317; ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶν 760, nie Il. 3, 306 Od. 10, 385; ἐν ὄμμασιν φαίνεται Aesch. Pers. 596; Ag. 863; ἐν ὀφϑαλμοῖς ἔχειν, vor Augen, Xen. An. 4, 5, 29; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ, vermittelst der Würfel, Aesch. Spt. 396; ἐν κώπαισι πλεῖν, Ggstz zur Segelfahrt, Men. bei Stob. fl. 59, 9; ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε Thuc. 7, 11; ἐν ποτηρίοις πίνειν Xen. An. 5, 9, 4; vgl. Luc. merc. cond. 26 D. D. 6, 2; ἡ ἐν αὐλοῖς μουσική Ephipp. Ath. XIV, 617 f; ἐν μέτρῳ μετρεῖν, ἐν κρίματι κρίνειν, Hatth. 7, 1; ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν καταπατεῖν ib. 6, u. ä. oft im N. T. u. bei a. Sp.; – ἐν στρατιᾷ καταστρέψασϑαι Xen. Cyr. 8, 6, 20; ἐν λόγοις κοσμεῖν Dem. 20, 141, wie πείϑειν Soph. Phil. 1393; Plat. Legg. II, 660 a; ἐν ὄψει διαγιγνώσκειν, ἐν ἀκοῇ, Theaet. 206 a; pleonastisch scheint ἐν τιμῇ σέβειν Aesch. Pers. 162; ἐν μιᾷ πληγῇ κατέφϑαρται ὄλβος, mit einem Schlage, 247; ἐν λόγῳ πεύϑομαι Ch. 668; ἐν ϑανάτῳ ἀπόλλυσϑαι Plat. Phaed. 95 d; στάζειν ἐν αἵματι Eur. Bacch. 1163; sp. D., wie ἐν ὄμμασιν αὐδᾷ Hel. 13 (XII, 63). So sagen Gramm. ψάλια ἐν τῷ α Ἀττικοί, διὰ τοῦ ε Ἕλληνες, Moeris p. 214, 6, mit einem Buchstaben schreiben. – 4) Von der Zeit, in, in nerhalb; ἐν ἡμέρῃ, in einem Tage, Her. 1, 126; ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ Aesch. Ag. 537; oft in Prosa, wie Plat. Phaed. 58 b; ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις Xen. An. 4, 8, 8; Mem. 3, 13, 5; ἐν εἰρήνῃ, ἐν σπονδαῖς, während des Waffenstillstandes, Thuc. 2, 5. 3, 13; ἐν τῇ μονῇ Xen. An. 5, 1, 5, u. Aehnliches öfter, bes. ἐν καιρῷ. Dah. ἐν τούτῳ, ἐν ᾧ, unterdeß, während welcher Zeit, von Her. 6, 89 Thuc. 7, 29 an häufig; ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ, in derselben Zeit. – 5) Von jedem Zustande, in dem man sich befindet, sowohl äußerlich als innerlich, wie ἐν πολέμῳ, ἐν ἀγῶνι, ἐν ἔργῳ; χαίρετ' ἐν κακοῖς ὅμως Aesch. Pers. 826, der auch ὑβρίζειν διδαχϑεὶς ἐν κακοῖς so vrbdt, Ag. 1594; Eum. 266. Aehnl. ἐν ἀφϑόνοις βιοτεύειν, στρατοπεδεύειν, Xen. An. 3, 2, 25 Cyr. 5, 4, 40; vollständiger ἐν ἀφϑόνοις τοῖς ἐπιτηδείοις διαχειμάσαι An. 7, 6, 31, bei; vgl. τρέφεται ϑαλίῃ ἐνὶ πολλῇ Il. 9, 143; ἐν βολίτοις τρέφειν Ar. Ach. 990; ξενύδρια ἐν προσφάτοις ἰχϑυδίοις τεϑραμμένα Men. Ath. IV, 132 e, vgl. ζήσεται ἐν παντὶ ῥήματι Matth. 4, 4; Uebertr., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν πένϑεϊ, ἐν δοιῇ Il. 7, 302. 9, 230. 22, 483; oft bei Attikern. ἐν φόβῳ, ὀργῇ εἶναι u. ä.; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἐστίν οἱ, mit folgdm acc. c. inf., es ist ihm ein Vergnügen, Her. 7, 15; ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι, ἔχειν, s. αἰτία; οὐκ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ σά Eur. Phoen. 1282, deine Lage ist nicht so, daß du dich schämen darfst; οὐκ ἐν σιωπῇ τἀμά Ion 1397; ἐν αἰσχύναις ἔχειν, sich schämen, Suppl. 164. – Dah. auch = beschäftigt sein mit Etwas, ὢν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ Plat. Men. 91 e, vgl. Phaed. 84 a; οἱ ἐν ποιήσει γενόμενοι, die Dichter, Her. 2, 82; οἱ ἐν πράγμασιν Thuc. 3, 28; öfter οἱ ἐν τέλει, Magistrate; ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι, Plat. Phaed. 59 a; ὁ Κῠρος ἐν τούτοις ἦν Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 1; ἐν λόγοις, ἐν σίτῳ, 4, 3, 23. 5, 2, 17. Dah. οἱ ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ, ἐν νόσῳ, Umschreibung für die Philosophen, die Kranken, bes. Sp. – Ganz adverbialisch sind Verbindungen wie ἐν τῷ ἐμφανεῖ, ἐν τῷ φανερῷ, = φανερῶς, Thuc. 2, 21 Xen. An. 1, 3, 21. 2, 5, 25; ἐν δίκῃ Soph. Tr. 1058; ἐν τάχει oft = ταχέως; – ἐν σμικρῷ ποιεῖσϑαι Soph. Phil. 496; ἐν παρέργῳ ϑέσϑαι 471, vgl. 863; so Her. ἐν ὁμοίῳ ἔχειν, ποιεῖσϑαι, wie ἐν ἴσῳ, oft, z. B. 8, 109, wie ἐν ἐλαφρῷ, 5, 154; vgl. ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ ποιεῖσϑαι; – ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ Eur. Hec. 980 Hipp. 785; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ ἐστι, = εὐμαρές, I. A. 974; ἐν ἀσφαλεστέρῳ ἦν Xen. Hell. 7, 5, 8; seltener im plur., ἐν ἀργοῖς, = ἀργῶς, Soph. O. R. 287. Vgl. noch ἐν ἅρμασιν ἔχειν, ἐν οὐσίᾳ κτᾶσϑαι, Plat. Legg. X, 899 a XI, 913 b. – Wie einzelne dieser Beispiele schon »einem Zustande gemäß« bedeuten, so ist auch γλῶσσαν ἐν τύχᾳ νέμων, γαῖαν ἐν αἴσᾳ διατέμνων, Aesch. Ag. 671. 892 zu nehmen, womit οὕτως ἀπαλλάσσουσιν ἐν ϑεῶν κρίσει 1262 zu vgl.; κακὸν τὸ λῆμα, κοὐκ ἐν ἀνδράσιν, ziemt sich nicht für Männer, Eur. Alc. 735; ἐν μοίρᾳ Plat. Legg. VI, 775 e; ἐν μέτρῳ Thuc. 6, 1; ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τρόπῳ, ἐν τοῖς ὁμοίοις, ᾧ 1, 77. 7, 67; ἐν τούτῳ, dem gemäß, 1, 37; ἐν ᾡ, in wiefern, 6, 55, wohin auch ἐν ῥυϑμῷ ᾔεσαν Xen. An. 5, 9, 11 gerechnet werden kann. Eben so τὰ ἐν τοῖς νόμοις δίκαια Isocr. 20, 20, das in den Gesetzen Begründete; αἱ ἐν τοῖς νόμοις ζημίαι, gesetzmäßige, Dem. 20, 154; Lycurg. 1. Dah. ἐν τοῖς νόμοις βασιλεύειν, τὰς κρίσεις ποιεῖσϑαι, nach den Gesetzen, Plat. Criti. 131 b Isocr. 4, 40. Daran schließt sich – 6) Bezeichnung der Abhängigkeit von Etwas, es steht bei Einem; νίκης πείρατ' ἔχονται ἐν ϑεοῖς, der Sieg liegt in den Händen der Götter (eigtl. der Faden haftet an den G.), Il. 7, 105; δύναμις γὰρ ἐν ὑμῖν Od. 10, 69; vgl. auch das sinnliche ϑεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται u. ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου, ἐπέων δ' ἐνὶ βουλῇ Il. 16, 630; ἐν ϑεῷ γε μὰν τέλος Pind. Ol. 13, 104; vgl. μόνον γὰρ κέρδος ἐν τεϑνηκόσιν Aesch. Spt. 666; τὰ κέδν' ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστί μοι βουλεύματα Pers. 168; ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Soph. O. R. 313, wie ἐν ὑμῖν ὡς ϑεῷ κείμεϑα, hangen von euch ab, O. C. 247; u. ähnl. ἐν σοὶ πᾶσ' ἔγωγε σώζομαι, meine Rettung beruht auf dir, Ai. 515, vgl. Tr. 618; ἐν τῷ ἕκαστον δικαίως ἄρχειν ἡ πολιτεία σώζεται Lys. 26, 9; ὁπόταν ἐν χρήμασιν ᾖ σωϑῆναι τῇ πόλει 27, 3; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ πράγματα ἐγένετο, die Macht beruhte auf den Schiffen, Thuc. 1, 74; ἐν σοὶ νῠν ἐστι καταδουλῶσαι Ἀϑήνας Her. 6, 109; mit folgdm acc. c. inf., Andoc. 1, 39; τὰ λοιπὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἡμῖν ἐστιν, ὅσον ἐστὶν ἐν ὑμῖν, Dem. 4, 50. 23, 4; ἐν τῷ ϑεῷ τὸ τούτου τέλος ἦν, οὐκ ἐν ἐμοί, das Gelingen stand in Gottes Hand, 18, 193; ähnl. ἐν τοῖς νόμοις ἐξέσται 20, 158; εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη Plat. Prot. 310 d 313 a, wie auch Xen. An. 6, 2, 22 zu nehmen, ob Etwas daran läge; Thuc. vrbdt sogar μὴ ἐν ὑμῖν κωλυϑῇ, an euch, sofern es bei euch steht, 2, 64, wie Dem. 10, 73 δόξα, ἣν αἰσχρόν ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ καταλῠσαι. Auch ἐν τῷ γὰρ φρονεῖν ἥδιστος βίος Soph. Ai. 440 ist ähnlich, wie ἐλπίς, πίστις ἐν τοῖς δρωμένοις, Soph. Tr. 585. 722; – ἐν ἑαυτῷ γίγνεσϑαι, zu sich kommen; ἐν ἑαυτῷ εἶναι, bei sich sein, bei Sinnen sein, oft bei Attikern. – 7) Bezeichnung dessen, wobei oder woran sich eine Thätigkeit zeigt; ἐν τοῖς σοῖς πόνοις χλίουσι μέγα Aesch. Ch. 135; ἐν κακοῖς γελᾶν, ἐν πράγματι φωνεῖν, 220 Eum. 268; ἁμαρτάνειν ἐν λόγοις Soph. Ai. 1075; ἐν ὑμῖν ἐψεύσϑημεν Her. 9, 48; ἐπιδείκνυσϑαι ἔν τινι Plat. Men. 82 a; πεῖραν λαβεῖν ἔν τινι Xen. An. 5, 8, 15, wie πειρᾶσϑαι Plat. Phileb. 21 a; σκέπτεσϑαι ἔν τινι, δηλοῦν, Soph. 239 b Thuc. 1, 10. Spätere sogar ἐν τῇ πίστει ὠνείδισε, Arr. An. 3, 30, 2. Vgl. εἰς. – Auch bei adj., ἐν πάντεσσ' ἔργοισι δαήμων Il. 23, 671; χρηστὸς ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις Soph. Ant. 657; ὑβριστής, ϑρασύς, ἐν ὅρκῳ μέγας, 1071 1294 O. R. 651; κρείσσων ἐν κυναγίαις Eur. Bacch. 339; ἐν γυναιξὶν ἄλκιμος Or. 754; φϑονερός Her. 7, 46; ἡ ἐν ὅπλοις μάϑησις, das Studium der Fechtkunst, Plat. Lach. 190 d; ἄριστοι ἐν τοῖς πολεμίοις Thuc. 4, 80; vgl. διαφέρειν ἔν τινι, in einer Sache, Isocr. 8, 122; so noch Sp., wie D. Sic. 14, 37 ἐν εὐγενείᾳ καὶ πλούτῳ πρῶτος. – Aber ἐν σφετέρῳ καλῷ τὸν πόλεμον ἀναβάλλεσϑαι, Thuc. 5, 46, ist = zu eurem Besten. – Bei Sp., wie Pol. Exc. Leg. 82, bezeichnet es das Prädicat: λαβεῖν ἐν φερνῇ, als Mitgift empfangen.

    Adverbial, ohne Casus, steht es oft von Hom. an, wo man es häufig ohne Noth als Tmesis betrachtet. Am gewöhnlichsten ist ἐν δέ, darunter, dabei, z. B. ἐν δ' ἄλοχοι ἐπιστενάχουσι Soph. O. R. 183, vgl. Tr. 205 (Herm. schreibt ἔν, wie auch Mein. in dem von Stob. fl. 8, 10 dem Philem., von Suid. dem Men. zugeschriebenen Sprichwort, Diogen. 5, 89, κακὴ μὲν ὄψις, ἐν δὲ δειλαῖαι φρένες); u. so in Prosa von Her. 1, 185. 9, 32 an häufig. Bei Hom. Od. 5, 260, ἐν δ' ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ' ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ, steht noch ἐν dabei: überdies band er am Schiffe an, wovon Her. 2, 176 ἐν δὲ καὶ ἐν Μέμφι, überdies auch in Memphis, verschieden ist.

    Seinem Casus wird es zuweilen nachgesetzt, bes. bei Ep., z. B. Il. 18, 218 Od. 12, 103 Ap. Rh. 4, 546, was bes. bei der Form ἐνί der Fall ist, die dann ἔνι geschrieben wird, Il. 7, 221 Od. 5, 57.

    In der Zusammensetzung herrscht – a) bei Verbis die örtliche Bedeutung vor, daran, darauf, darüber; auch mit Verbis der Bewegung wird ἐν zusammengesetzt. – b) in adj. drückt es das Versehensein mit Etwas aus, ἔναιμος, ἔνϑηρος, oder die Annäherung an den Begriff des Adjectivs. ἔμπικρος, etwas bitter, wie ἔλλευκος, ἔνσιμος, seltener das Angemessensein, wie in ἔνδικος.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἐν

  • 39 GLÖGGR

    adj. (also spelt gleggr and gleyggr), acc. glöggvan with a final v in the weak cases; compar. glöggra and glöggvari; superl. glöggstr and glöggvastr; [the prob. Goth. form is glaggvus; A. S. gleaw; Hel. glau; Scot. gleg = quick, clever; O. H. G. glaw]:—clear-sighted, and in metaph. sense clever, of things clear, distinct; ok hafa þat allt er hitsug leifir eðr glöggra er, Grág. i. 7; glöggt er gests augat, sharp ( prying) is the stranger’s eye, a saying; skýring eðr glöggvari greining, a clearer distinction, Skálda 205; Stjörnu-Oddi er gleyggstr var í allri tölu ok himintungla-gangi, Rb. 90; glöggr til brjósts ok bækr, Thom. 12:—neut., skýra glöggt frá e-u, to expound distinctly, Hom. 47; eigi þarf glöggra at skýra, 52; eigi er mér þat glöggt, ‘tis not clear to me, Grett. 108; vera glöggrar greinar, to distinguish sharply, Bs. ii. 11; hón kenndi hann glöggt, she knew him well, Fms. iv. 131; Þorgnýr föður-faðir minn mundi glöggt ( remembered clearly) Eirík Uppsala-konung, 162; mun ek glöggt vita hvárt rétt er ráðit eðr eigi, vii. 107; víðast af löndum spurði hann um siðu manna þá menn er glöggst vissu, Hkr. ii. 61; vita gleygt, id., 625. 96.
    2. metaph. stingy; sýtir æ glöggr við gjöfum, a saying, Hm. 47; glöggr við gesti, a stingy host, Hym. 9; glöggr flugar, poët. unflinching, Skv. 1. 7; fé-glöggr, stingy of money; matar-g., stingy of meat; hugar-g., mean, Fbr. 162 (in a verse).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GLÖGGR

  • 40 ORKA

    * * *
    I)
    (að), v.
    1) to be able to do; önnur vann allt þat, er hón orkaði, the other worked all that she could; with da., þó hyggst hann einn munu öllu o., yet he thinks he can do everything himself; allt þat lið, er vápnum mátti o., all those who could wield weapons;
    2) with gen. of the thing, o. e-m e-s, to cause, effect; mér orkar þat margra vandræða, it causes me much trouble; þetta mun o. tíðenda, this will give something to speak about; allt orkar tvímælis þá er gört er, there are two sides to everything that is done; impers., jafnan orkar tvímælis, þó at hefnt sé;
    3) with preps., o. at e-u, to act, proceed with, do; þeir rœða nú um með sér, hversu at skal o., what is to be done; o. á e-t, to work on, have effect on (var þat þó lengi, at eigi orkaði eldr á Þórólf); hann mátti engu á o., he could do nothing; o. orða á e-n, to make one speak; o. til e-s, to prepare (o. til veizlu); o. á, to begin; orkum ekki á fyrri, let us not be the first to attack;
    4) refl., orkast at e-u, to exert oneself in a thing; to set about doing something (hversu hann skyldi at o. at segja föður sínum þessi tíðendi); o. hugar á at gøra e-t, to make up one’s mind to do a thing; honum þótti seint á o., he thougth it went slowly.
    f.
    1) strength, power for work (orkan þvarr, því at ellin sótti á hendr honum);
    2) work.
    * * *
    að, [qs. vorka, akin to verk, cp. also yrkja; Ulf. waurkjan = ποιειν, ἐργάζεσθαι; and the pret. worahto on the Runic stone in Tune; A. S. weorcjan; Engl. work]:—to work, but only used in a limited sense, for vinna (q. v.) is the general word: to work, perform, be able to do, manage, önnur vann allt þat er hón orkaði, the other worked (vann) all that she could (orkaði), Dropl. 4; ek mun hjálpa þér allt slíkt sem ek orka, Fms. i. 213; ek þarf eigi meira forvirki en þetta lið orkar, Hrafn. 5; móður sína á maðr fyrst fram at færa, en ef hann orkar betr …, Grág. i. 232; treysta ek á sem ek orkaða, Fms. v. 301; ek orka tólf punda þunga ( I can carry twelve pounds weight), en hestr minn berr fjögurra lesta byrði, Bær. 18; svá skal gerða þann garð sem búar sjá at hann má orka á þrem sumrum, Grág. ii. 331.
    2. with dat.; þó hyggsk hann einn munu öllu orka, Fms. xi. 267; þótti öllum undr, hverju hann gat orkat, Grett. 125 A; allt þat lið er vápnum mátti orka, Fagrsk. 176; líkneskjum þeim, er ek veit eigi hverju orkat hafa, Fms. ii. 265; skal hann á einum degi kveðja alla, ef því má orka ( if he can), Grág. (Kb.) i. 162; hann mátti engu á orka, he could do nothing, Fms. vii. 270; sá er ölverki orkar Ásar, Kormak; orka þrek, Orkn. (in a verse); orkaði hón vel þeim langa veg, she proceeded well on her long journey, Mar.
    3. with gen. of the thing; o. e-m e-s, to cause, effect; mér orkar þat margra vandræða, Fs. 21; á skip skal skriðar orka, en skjöld til hlifa, mæki höggs, en mey til kosta, a ship shall be worked for sailing …, a maid for giving away, Hm. 81; orka e-m frægðar, to give glory to one, Edda (in a verse); hvar skal ek þess orka, Fas. iii. 72; orka e-m til þarfa, to work for one’s good, Eg. (in a verse): in the saw, jafnan orkar tvímælis þó hefnt sé, revenge works dissent, Nj. 68; allt orkar tvímælis þá gört er, 139; þetta mun orka tíðinda, this will make a story, Fb. ii. 270:—to summon, call upon, orka orða á e-n, to make one speak, accost; þá er menn orkuðu orða á hann, Fms. iv. 165 (ortu orða á hann, from yrkja, Ó. H. l. c.); ef menn tveir eigu land, ok vill annarr-tveggi orka lands-deildar á annan, Grág. ii. 253; en hverr er átt hefir skal orka heimildar á seljanda sinn, shall call on the seller to shew his title, 216; hann orkar á Óla til atkvæðis ok órræða um þetta mál, Fms. xi. 33.
    II. with prepp.; orkum ekki á þá fyrri, let us not be the first to use force, attack them, Grett. 119 A; þó hann orkaði á jörðina, though he tilled the earth, Ver. 5; var þat þó lengi at eigi orkaði eldr á Þórólf, that the fire could not work, had no effect on Th.’s body, Eb. 316: orka at e-u, to act, proceed with, execute; svá skal þar orka at kaupi ok at sölu sem annars staðar var tínt, Grág. ii. 246; þeir ræða nú um með sér, hversu at skal orka, what is to be done? Ld. 242; orkuðum (aurkoðom Cd.) at auðnu, we tried our fortune, Am. 96; orka til e-s, to prepare, = afla til e-s, orka til veizlu, to give a banquet. Fas. iii. 66:—to stride, walk proudly, þeir á jökla orka austr, they strode eastwards on the ice, Skiða R. 53: from the pret. orkaði (ꜹrkaði) was afterwards formed another verb arka, to stride (prop. to strive) on one’s journey.
    III. reflex., ekki orkaðisk á, no work was done, Fms. iv. 328, v. l.; honum þótti seint á orkask, vi. 77:—at orkask = orka at e-u, hversu hann skyldi at orkask at segja föður sínum þessi tíðendi, xi. 15:—fyrir þá skuld, at þau hefði sjálf orkask hugar á ( made up their minds) at bæta meinbugi sína, Grett. 162 A; láttu þeygi orkask at vistarinnar, 677. 12; hann orkaðisk ( he strove) at forðask rangar hugrenningar, Hom. (St.)
    2. part. as subst.; orkandi, the worker, mighty; Guð er alls orkandi, all-powerful, 645. 50; Satan alls ílls orkandi, Niðrst. 7.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ORKA

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