1496

* * *

• What now? As a noun, a quidnunc is a busybody or a gossip

penetrable

as-sĭmŭlo ( adsĭmŭlo, Ritschl, Lachmann, Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Halm in Tac.; assĭmŭlo, Merk.; adsĭmĭlo, Halm in Quint., Tisch.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Lit., to make one thing like another, to consider as similar, to compare (in the class. period rare):

Linquitur, ut totis animalibus adsimulentur,

that they are like complete animals, Lucr. 2, 914:

nolite ergo adsimulari iis,

be like them, Vulg. Matt. 6, 8; 7, 24:

simile ex specie comparabili aut ex conferundā atque adsimulandā naturā judicatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42:

pictor, perceptā semel imitandi ratione, adsimulabit quidquid acceperit,

Quint. 7, 10, 9:

nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare,

Tac. G. 9:

convivia assimulare freto,

Ov. M. 5, 6:

formam totius Britanniae bipenni adsimulavere,

Tac. Agr. 10; so id. A. 1, 28; 15, 39:

os longius illi adsimulat porcum,

Claud. Eid. 2, 6:

cui adsimilāstis me,

Vulg. Isa. 46, 5; ib. Marc. 4, 30:

quam (naturam) Gadareus primus adsimulāsse aptissime visus est,

to have designated by very suitable comparisons, Suet. Tib. 57. —

To represent something that is not, as real, to imitate, counterfeit, to pretend, to feign, simulate; constr. usu. with acc.; ante - class. with inf., acc. and inf., or with quasi; v. assimilis (mostly poet. or in post - Aug. prose).

With acc.:

has bene ut adsimules nuptias,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 141:

clipeumque jubasque Divini adsimulat capitis,

Verg. A. 10, 639:

Assimulavit anum,

Ov. M. 14, 656:

odium cum conjuge falsum Phasias assimulat,

id. ib. 7, 298:

fictos timores,

Sil. 7, 136:

sermonem humanum,

Plin. 8, 30, 44, § 106:

me sic adsimulabam, quasi stolidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 40:

se laetum,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 15:

amicum me,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 78.—

With simple inf.: furere adsimulavit, Pac. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98:

amare,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 98.—

With acc. and inf.:

ego me adsimulem insanire,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 79:

adsimulet se Tuam esse uxorem,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 195:

Nempe ut adsimulem me amore istius differri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 27; id. Poen. 3, 1, 57; id. Truc. 2, 4, 36; 2, 5, 11; 2, 5, 19:

venire me adsimulabo,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 20; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 53 al.—

With quasi:

adsimulato quasi hominem quaesiveris,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 11: Ad. Ita nos adsimulabimus. Co. Sed ita adsimulatote, quasi ego sim peregrinus, id. Poen. 3, 2, 23; id. Stich. 1, 2, 27:

adsimulabo quasi nunc exeam,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 8.—And absol.:

Obsecro, Quid si adsimulo, satin est?

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 33.—

(cf. Gron. Diatr. Stat. c. 6, p. 72 sq., and Hand ad h. l.; Quint. 7, 10, 9 Spald.; id. 10, 2, 11 Frotscher; Suet. Tib. 57 Bremi; Tac. G. 9 Passow; id. Agr. 10 Walch; Bessel, Misc. Phil. Crit. 1, 5 al.), is perh. solved in the foll. remarks: Such is the affinity of the sound of ŭ and ĭ in Lat., that when they stand in two successive syllables, separated by the semivowel l, the u is accommodated to the i. Thus, from consŭl arises consĭlĭum; from exsŭl, exsĭlĭum; from famŭl, famĭlĭa; so the terminations ĭlis and ŭlus, not ŭlis and ĭlus (these few, mutĭlus, nubĭlus, pumĭlus, [p. 181] rutĭlus, appear to be founded in the u of the first syllable; but for the heteroclites gracila, sterila, etc., a nom. sing. gracilus, sterilus, etc., is no more needed than for Bacchanal orum, a nom. Bacchanalium, and for carioras, Manil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 MSS., a form cariorus, a, um); and so it is also explained, that from the orig. facul and difficul arose faculter, facultas; difficulter, difficultas; not facŭlis, facŭliter, facŭlītas; difficŭlis, difficŭlĭter, difficŭlĭtas; but facilis, faciliter, facilitas; difficilis, difficiliter, difficilitas. This principle, applied to the derivatives of simul, shows the correctness of the orthography simulo, simulatio, simulator, with similis, similitudo, similitas; adsimulo, adsimulatio, adsimulator, with adsimilis; dissimulo, dissimulatio, dissimulator, with dissimilis and dissimilitudo, etc.; cf. Diom. p. 362 P.: Similo non dicimus, sed similis est. Sane dixerunt auctores simulat per u, hoc est homoiazei. But since the copyists knew that the more rare signif. of making like was not generically connected in the words simulare and adsimulare with the more usual one of imitating, dissembling, they wrote, where the former was required, sim i lo, adsim i lo, and gave occasion thereby to the entirely unfounded supposition that the ancients wrote, for the signif. making like, similo, adsimilo; for that of imitating, feigning, simulo, adsimulo Fr.—Hence, assĭmŭlātus ( ads-), a, um, P. a.

Made similar, similar, like:

totis mortalibus adsimulata Ipsa quoque ex aliis debent constare elementis,

Lucr. 2, 980:

montibus adsimulata Nubila,

id. 6, 189:

litterae lituraeque omnes adsimulatae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77:

Italia folio querno adsimulata,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 43:

phloginos ochrae Atticae adsimulata,

id. 37, 10, 66, § 179:

favillae adsimilatus,

Vulg. Job, 30, 19:

adsimilatus Filio Dei,

ib. Heb. 7, 3.—

Imitated, i. e. feigned, pretended, dissembled:

familiaritas adsimulata,

Cic. Clu. 13:

virtus,

id. Cael. 6, 14:

adsimulatā castrorum consuetudine,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

alia vera, alia adsimulata,

Liv. 26, 19:

minus sanguinis ac virium declamationes habent quam orationes, quod in illis vera, in his adsimilata materia est,

Quint. 10, 2, 12; 9, 2, 31 al.— Comp., sup., and adv. not in use.—

* assĭmŭlanter ( ads-), adv. (qs. from the P. a. assimulans, which is not found), in a similar manner: dicta haec, Nigid. ap. Non. p. 40, 25. ‡ * assĭpondĭum, ii, n. [as-pondus], the weight of one as, a pound weight, Varr. L. L. 5, § 169 Müll.

NLD eikenpokluis

GER Eichenpockenschildlaus

FRA cochenille du chene

pŭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [root pu, to cleanse; whence putus, puteus, purus, etc.], to clean, cleanse (in the lit. sense very rare; in the trop. very freq.).

Lit.

In gen.:

vellus lavare ac putare,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18: pensa lana putata, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

dolia,

Cato, R. R. 39, 1 dub. (al. picare): aurum quoque putatum dici solet, id est expurgatum, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. putus, p. 216 Müll.—

In partic., to trim, prune, or lop trees or vines:

vineas arboresque falce putare,

Cato, R. R. 32 init.; 33, 1:

vitem,

Verg. G. 2, 407; Just. 43, 4, 2:

parcendum vitibus et ideo anguste putandum,

Col. 4, 24, 21; id. Arb. 10, 1; Pall. 3, 12, 1; cf.: putatae vites et arbores, quod decisis impedimentis remanerent purae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 216 Müll.; so, too, in the foll., the passage from Gell. 6, 5, 6:

olivetum,

Cato, R. R. 44:

arborem latius, strictius,

Pall. 1, 6:

vineam,

Vulg. Lev. 25, 3; id. Isa. 5, 6.—

Trop., to clear up, set in order; to arrange, settle, adjust.

In gen.: rationem or rationes, to hold a reckoning, reckon together, settle accounts:

putare veteres dixerunt vacantia ex quāque re ac non necessaria aut etiam obstantia et aliena auferre et excidere, et, quod esset utile ac sine vitio videretur, relinquere. Sic namque arbores et vites et sic etiam rationes putari dictum,

Gell. 6, 5, 6 sq.:

vilicus rationem cum domino crebro putet,

Cato, R. R. 5, 3:

rationes,

id. ib. 2, 5:

putatur ratio cum argentario,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52:

rationes cum publicanis putare,

Cic. Att. 4, 11, 1:

ideo ratio putari dicitur in quā summa fit pura,

Varr. L. L. 5, 9.—

Transf.:

quom eam mecum rationem puto,

think over, consider, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 25.—

In partic.

To reckon, count, compute a thing:

colliciares (tegulae) pro binis putabuntur,

will be counted, Cato, R. R. 14, 4; cf.:

si numerus militum potius quam legionum putatur,

Tac. H. 3, 2.—

Transf.

To believe in, regard:

id ipsum est deos non putare, quae ab iis significantur contemnere,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104.—

To reckon, value, estimate, esteem a thing as any thing (= aestimare):

aliquid denariis quadringentis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 13:

magni putare honores,

id. Planc. 4, 11:

cum unum te pluris quam omnes illos putem,

id. Att. 12, 21, 5:

parvi,

Cat. 23, 25:

tantique putat conubia nostra,

Ov. M. 10, 618.—

To reckon, deem, hold, consider, count, esteem, etc.:

aliquem nihilo,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24: aliquid pro certo, Matius et Trebat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A fin.:

pro nihilo,

Cic. Mil. 24, 64:

imperatorem aliquo in numero putare,

id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 37.—With two acc.:

turpem putat lituram,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 167:

id nil puto,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 27; id. Ad. 1, 2, 19; 5, 4, 4; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 84; 2, 2, 54; id. C. 4, 11, 30:

hominem prae se neminem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135.—

To ponder, consider, reflect upon a thing:

dum haec puto,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 4:

in quo primum illud debes putare,

Cic. Planc. 4, 10:

multa putans,

Verg. A. 6, 332: cum aliquo argumentis, to consider or investigate maturely, to argue, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 45.—

Transf. (as the result of consideration), to judge, suppose, account, suspect, believe, think, imagine, etc. (cf.:

arbitror, opinor, censeo): verbum quoque ipsum puto, quod declarandae sententiae nostrae causā dicimus, non signat profecto aliud, quam id agere nos in re dubiā obscurāque, ut decisis amputatisque falsis opinionibus, quod videatur esse verum et integrum et incorruptum, retineamus,

Gell. 6, 5, 8:

aliquis forsan me Putet non putare hoc verum,

Ter. And. 5, 5, 1:

recte putas,

id. ib. 1, 1, 114:

rem ipsam putasti,

you have hit the precise point, id. Phorm. 4, 5, 6:

nec committere, ut aliquando dicendum sit, Non putaram,

I should not have imagined that, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 81; id. Ac. 2, 18, 56:

Cyprus insula et Cappadociae regnum tecum de me loquentur, puto etiam regem Deiotarum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 15:

noli putare, me maluisse, etc.,

id. Att. 6, 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 3, 15, 7; id. Fam. 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 12, 18, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 31:

Numidae remorati dum in elephantis auxilium putant,

Sall. J. 53, 3: stare putes;

adeo procedunt tempora tarde,

one would suppose, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 5; id. H. 11, 85:

acies mea videt aut videre putat,

id. ib. 18, 32:

hanc virtutem vestram ultra periculis obicere nimis grande vitae meae pretium puto,

Tac. A. 2, 47; Nep. Paus. 3, 7.—Parenthetically, Cic. Att. 12, 49, 1; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 3, 3; Cic. Att. 8, 9, 4; 7, 8, 5; 9, 9, 3;

10, 16, 3: atque intra, puto, septimas Calendas,

Mart. 1, 100, 6.—Ironically, Ov. Am. 3, 7, 2:

ut puto, deus fio,

as I think, in my opinion, Suet. Vesp. 23 fin.; Ov. A. A. 1, 370: non, puto, repudiabis, etc., [p. 1496] I think, I suppose, Vat. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9, 1. —With gen.:

quaecumque sunt in omni mundo, deorum atque hominum putanda sunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 154.—Elliptically, Cic. Fam. 15, 20, 1; cf. id. ib. 15, 4, 15; id. Fin. 5, 24, 76; Sen. Ep. 76, 11; Tac. Or. 33. —Hence, pŭtă, imper., suppose, for instance, for example, namely ( poet. and postAug.):

Quinte, puta, aut Publi,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 32:

puta, tibi contigisse, ut oculos omnium effugias,

Lact. 6, 24, 17:

puta te servum esse communem,

Sen. Contr. 3, 19, 4; 4, 25, 13; id. Clem. 1, 26, 2; id. Ben. 3, 41, 1; 5, 8, 6:

si ille, puta, consul factus fuerit,

Dig. 28, 5, 23:

hoc, puta, non justum est,

Pers. 4, 9; cf. Prisc. p. 1007 P.:

ut puta (sometimes also written as one word, utputa),

as for instance, as for example, Sen. Q. N. 2, 2, 3:

ut puta novum crimen,

Quint. 11, 3, 110; 7, 1, 14; Cels. 5, 26, 51 fin.; Sen. Ep. 47, 15.