11f

ἄνομος, ον (Soph., Hdt., Thu.+; IDefixAudollent 188; POxy 237 VII, 11 [II A.D.]; PGM 58, 9; 11f; LXX, En, Test12Patr; ParJer 7:24; AscIs; Ar. 15, 6; Just.; Ath. R. 73, 14; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 63, 3 [superl.]) ‘lawless’.

① pert. to behaving contrary to law, lawless, w. ref. to any law ἄ. κριτής an unjust judge, who cares nothing for the law B 20:2; D 5:2.

② pert. to being without adherence to a moral code outside law, without law.

ⓐ of obligation to God, without ref. to a moral code μὴ ὢν ἄ. θεοῦ though I am not free fr. obedience to God 1 Cor 9:21c (opp. ἔννομος; on the constr. of ἄ. θεοῦ s. Mlt. 236).

ⓑ w. ref. to the Mosaic law, used of gentiles as persons who do not know it (s. 3b), w. no criticism implied (Pla., Pol. 302e [Nägeli 14]; Esth 4:17u) τοῖς ἀ. ὡς ἄ. to those without (Mosaic) law (= ‘gentiles’) 1 Cor 9:21a. W. the phrase ὡς ἄνομος vs. 21b Paul indicates empathy for those outside Mosaic tradition.

③ pert. to violating moral standards, lawless.

ⓐ w. ref. to God’s moral law. Hence wicked in gener. (oft. LXX) in personal address ἄνομε You wicked one! 1 Cl 35:9 (Ps. 49:21); w. ἀνυπότακτος 1 Ti 1:9; w. ἀσεβής (1 Macc 7:5; PGM 58, 11; IDefixAudollent 188) 1 Cl 18:13 (Ps 50:15); Dg 9:4; w. ἄδικος (Just., D. 35, 5 ἀθέους καὶ ἀσεβεῖς καὶ ἀδίκους καὶ ἀνόμους; PLond II, 358, 13 [150 A.D.] p. 172 ἄνομα καὶ ἄδικα) 1 Cl 56:11 (Job 5:22). Opp. δίκαιος (Pr 21:18) 45:4; cp. Dg 9:5; ἄγιος Dg 9:2. μετὰ ἀνόμων λογισθῆναι be classed among the criminals Mk 15:28; Lk 22:37 (SHall, Studia Evangelica ’59, 499–501); cp. 1 Cl 16:13 (all three Is 53:12). ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνομώτερος wicked beyond measure B 5:9. τὸ γένος ἄ. the wicked kind Hs 9, 19, 1.—Of things ἄ. βίος w. ἄδικος MPol 3; ἄ. ἔργα 2 Pt 2:8 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 58, 2 Jac. ἔργον ἄνομον ἐργάσασθαι). ὁ ἄ. καιρός wicked time B 4:9 (cp. 18:2).

ⓑ w. reference to those who are outside Israelite legal tradition (s. 2b) and act contrary to its moral standards (Wsd 17:2; Just., D. 123, 3 υἱοὶ ἄ.). διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων by lawless hands Ac 2:23. ἐκ χειρὸς ἀνόμου AcPl Ha 8, 10 (ἀνόμων Ox 1602, 2/BMM recto 10); AcPlCor 1:8. Φαραὼ … ὄντος ἀ. AcPl Ha 8, 12. οἱ ἄνομοι MPol 16:1. τὰ ἄ. ἔθνη (3 Macc 6:9) the lawless people 9:2.

④ ὁ ἄ. the epitome of lawlessness, the lawless one (Ezk 18:24; 33:8; PsSol 17:11) of the Lawless One or Antichrist (s. Iren., 3, 7, 2 [Harv. II 26f ]) 2 Th 2:8 (cp. vs. 3). This prob. explains ὁ καιρὸς τοῦ ἀ. the time of iniquity B 15:5 (cp. 18:2; TestDan 6:6 ἐν καιρῷ τῆς ἀνομίας).—DELG s.v. νέμω. M-M. TW.

ἐντός adv. of place (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, JosAs 2:4; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.. D 2, 6) in our lit. functions only as prep. w. gen.

① pert. to a specific area inside someth., inside, within, within the limits of (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 14, 5; JosAs 2:4 ἐ. τοῦ θαλάμου; Jos., Bell. 3, 175 τ. πόλεως ἐντός; 7, 26; Just., D. 2, 6 ὀλίγου … ἐ. χρόνου) τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου within the sanctuary IEph 5:2; ITr 7:2. ἐάν τις τούτων ἐ. ᾖ if anyone is in their company (i.e. the comp. of faith, hope, and love) Pol 3:3.—In ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν Lk 17:21 (cp. Ox 654, 16=GTh 3=JBL 65, ’46, 177; also s. WSchubart, ZNW 20, 1921, 215–23), ἐ. ὑμῶν is probably patterned after ἐν σοί (=[God] is among you) Is 45:14, but with Lk preferring ἐντός in the sense among you, in your midst, either now or suddenly in the near future (cp. X., Hell. 2, 3, 19 ἐ. τούτων, An. 1, 10, 3 ἐ. αὐτῶν [on the relevance of the second X. passage, s. Field, Notes 71 and s. Roberts below]; POxy 2342, 8 [102 A.D.], of a woman who keeps a supply of wine ἐντὸ αὑτῆ ‘under her own control’; Ps 87:6 Sym.; cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 315; Arrian, Anab. 5, 22, 4 ἐ. αὐτῶν=in their midst; so NRSV text, and s. Noack and Bretscher below). The sense within you, in your hearts has linguistic support in Ps 38:4; 102:1; 108:22, all ἐντός μου; s. also Jos., Ant. 5, 107, but Lk generally avoids ref. to God’s reign as a psychological reality. The passage has invited much debate: AWabnitz, RTQR 18, 1909, 221ff; 289ff; 456ff; CBruston, ibid. 346ff; BEaston, AJT 16, 1912, 275–83; KProost, TT 48, 1914, 246ff; JHéring, Le royaume de Dieu et sa venue ’37; PAllen, ET 50, ’39, 233–35; ASledd, ibid. 235–37; WKümmel, Verheissung u. Erfüllung ’45, 17ff; BNoack, D. Gottesreich bei Lk (17:20–24) ’48; CRoberts, HTR 41, ’48, 1–8, citing PRossGeorg III, 1, 9: ἵνα ἐντός μου αὐτὸ εὕρω; HCadbury, Christian Century 67, ’50, 172f ( within your possession or reach; cp. Tertullian, Adv. Marc. 4, 35), cp. Pol 3:3 above and JGriffiths, ET 63, ’51/52, 30f; HRiesenfeld, Nuntius 2, ’49, 11f; AWikgren, ibid. 4, ’50, 27f; PBretscher, CTM 15, ’44, 730–66; 22, ’51, 895–907. W. stress on the moral implications, RFrick, Beih. ZNW 6, 1928, 6–8, s. ARüstow, ZNW 51, ’60, 197–224; JZmijewski, D. Eschatologiereden d. LkEv, ’72, 361–97.

② pert. to what is inside an area, content τὸ ἐ. τοῦ ποτηρίου the inside of the cup=what is in the cup (cp. τὰ ἐ. τοῦ οἴκου 1 Macc 4:48, also schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 479 τὰ ἐντός=the inside; Is 16:11) Mt 23:26.—DELG s.v. ἐν. M-M.

ἐπίγειος, ον (Pla. et al.; TestSol; TestAbr A 4, 81, 18 [Stone p. 10]; Philo; Jos., Ant. 6, 186; 8, 44; Just., A II, 5, 2; Tat. 32, 1; Mel., P. 39; Ath.)

① pert. to what is chacteristic of the earth as opposed to heavenly, earthly

ⓐ as adj. (Plut., Mor. 566d; M. Ant. 6, 30, 4 ἐ. ζωή; pap; TestJud 21:4; Ath. 31, 3 βίον) σῶμα 1 Cor 15:40 (opp. ἐπουράνιος; on this contrast s. below 1bα and MDahl, Resurrection of the Body ’62, 113–16). Of the body οἰκία ἐ. earthly dwelling (cp. Philo, Cher. 101) 2 Cor 5:1 (EEllis, Paul and His Recent Interpreters ’61, 40–43). W. the connotation of weakness (Lucian, Icarom. 2): σοφία earthly wisdom=human philosophy Js 3:15 (cp. Ath. 24, 5 [mutilated context]) cp. εὕρημα ἐ. an earthly (i.e. purely human) discovery Dg 7:1. πνεῦμα ἐ. earthly spirit of the spirit in false prophets Hm 9:11; 11:6, 11f, 14, 17, 19 (cp. Tat. 32, 1 λόγου τοῦ … ἐ.).

ⓑ as subst.

α. τὰ ἐ. (M. Ant. 7, 48; Philo, Op. M. 101; 113; Just., A II, 5, 2; Ath. 27, 1 [both opp. τὰ ἐπουράνια].—Opp. τὰ ἐπουράνια as Herm. Wr. Fgm. 26 p. 544, 1 Sc. Cp. Philo, Op. M. 117; Mel., P. 39.) earthly things J 3:12 (LBrun, SymbOsl 8, 1929, 57–77); cp. Pol 2:1; Dg 7:2.

β. οἱ ἐ.: in the expr. πᾶν γόνυ ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων Phil 2:10 the second of the three main concepts is not confined to human beings (cp. PGM 4, 225f; 3038ff, esp. 3042f πᾶν πνεῦμα δαιμόνιον … ἐπουράνιον ἢ ἀέριον εἴτε ἐπίγειον εἴτε ὑπόγειον ἢ καταχθόνιον. 5, 166f πᾶς δαίμων οὐράνιος κ. αἰθέριος κ. ἐπίγειος κ. ὑπόγειος. 12, 67 θεοὶ οὐράνιοι κ. ἐπίγειοι κ. ἀέριοι κ. ἐπιχθόνιοι. 17a, 3 Ἄνουβι, θεὲ ἐπίγειε κ. ὑπόγειε κ. οὐράνιε. IDefixWünsch 4, 11; TestSol); cp. ITr 9:1.—IEph 13:2 it is impossible to say w. certainty from which nom. ἐπιγείων is derived, ἐπίγειοι or ἐπίγεια.

② pert. to earthly things, with implication of personal gratification, subst. worldly things τὰ ἐ. φρονεῖν think only of worldly things Phil 3:19.—DELG s.v. γῆ. M-M. TW.

ἐπικαλέω (s. καλέω) 1 aor. ἐπεκάλεσα; fut. mid. ἐπικαλέσομαι; 1 aor. mid. ἐπεκαλεσάμην. Pass.: 1 fut. 3 sg. ἐπικληθήσεται; 1 aor. ἐπεκλήθην; pf. ἐπικέκλημαι, ptc. ἐπικεκλημένος; plpf. 3 sg. ἐπεκέκλητο (in tmesis as early as Hom., otherw. Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Joseph.).

① to call upon deity for any purpose (‘invoke’ Hdt. 2, 39; 3, 8) to call upon, call out 1 Cl 39:7 (Job 5:1). In the mid. to call on, invoke for someth. (ἐ. τοὺς θεούς Hdt. et al.; X., Cyr. 7, 1, 35; Pla., Tim. 27c; Polyb. 15, 1, 13; Diod S 5, 49, 5 calling on the gods by the initiates; Epict. 2, 7, 12; 3, 21, 12 al.; Herm. Wr. 16, 3; OGI 194, 18 [I B.C.]; prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia 1 [Dssm., LO 352ff/LAE 424ff; SIG 1181]; POxy 1380, 153 [early II A.D.]; 886, 10 [III A.D.]; PGM 3, 8; 43; 4, 1182; 1217; 1345; 13, 138; 270; LXX; PsSol 2:36 al.; JosAs 25:7; EpArist 17; 193; 226; Jos., Ant. 4, 222 al.) ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τ. κύριον (1 Km 12:17f; 2 Km 22:7; PsSol 9:6) Ro 10:12; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Cl 52:3 (Ps 49:15); 57:5 (Pr 1:28); 60:4. Also ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου (Gen 13:4; 21:33 al.; Jos., Bell. 5, 438; PGM 1, 161; 4, 1209; 1609; 1811; 13, 871) Ac 2:21 (Jo 3:5); 9:14, 21; 22:16; Ro 10:13 (Jo 3:5); 1 Cor 1:2; 1 Cl 64:1. Abs. (Ps 4:2) Ro 10:14; Ac 7:59. εἰ πατέρα ἐπικαλεῖσθέ τινα if you invoke someone as Father 1 Pt 1:17 (P⁷² καλεῖτε, which may be classed under 2).—JTyrer, JTS 25, 1924, 139–50; reply by RConnolly, ibid. 337–68; FNötscher, Epiklese, Biblica 30, ’49, 401–4=Vom A zum NT, ’62, 221–25.

② to address or characterize someone by a special term, call, give a surname (X., Pla. et al.; OGI 603, 10; PFay 12, 1; PTebt 399, 15 al.; 1 Macc 2:2) τινά τι: τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην Βεελζεβούλ call the master of the house Beelzebul Mt 10:25. Pass. ὁ ἐπικαλούμενος who is also called (Socrat., Ep. 21, 3; Diod S 3, 84, 1; Diog. L. 4, 18; Jos., Ant. 18, 206; PYadin 5a I, 5 al.) Ac 10:18; 11:13; 12:12. With Συμεὼν ὁ ἐπικαλούμενος Νίγερ Ac 13:1 D (cp. Diod S 17, 20, 7 Κλεῖτος ὁ Μέλας ἐπικαλούμενος). Lk 22:3 v.l.; Ac 15:22 v.l. Also ὁ ἐπικληθείς (Diog. L. 5, 58 of Strato of Lamps.: φυσικὸς ἐπικληθείς; Jos., Bell. 1, 60, Ant. 13, 103; Just., D. 106, 3; Ath. 28, 4) Mt 10:3 v.l.; Ac 4:36; 12:25; GEb 34, 59. ὸ̔ς ἐπικαλεῖται Ac 10:5, 32. ὸ̔ς ἐπεκλήθη (Jos., Ant. 13, 218; 271) 1:23; cp. Papias (2:9). οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν to be called their God Hb 11:16. The pass. is used w. ὄνομα, as in the OT, in ἐπικαλεῖται τὸ ὄνομά τινος ἐπί τινα someone’s name is called over someone to designate the latter as the property of the former (KGalling, TLZ 81, ’56, 65–70; of God’s name 2 Km 6:2; 3 Km 8:43; Jer 7:30; 14:9 and oft.) Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12, also 2 Ch 7:14). τὸ καλὸν ὄνομα τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς Js 2:7; cp. Hs 8, 6, 4. Sim. οἱ ἐπικαλούμενοι τ. ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ those who are called by his name 9, 14, 3 (cp. Is 43:7).

③ a request put to a higher judicial authority for review of a decision in a lower court, appeal mid., legal t.t. τινά to someone the Lat. ‘provocatio’ against the ‘coercitio’ of a provincial governor (cp. Plut., Marcell. 299 [2, 7], Tib. Gracch. 832 [16, 1]) Καίσαρα appeal to Caesar Ac 25:11f; 26:32; 28:19. Also τὸν Σεβαστόν 25:25. W. inf. foll. τοῦ δὲ Παύλου ἐπικαλεσαμένου τηρηθῆναι αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ διάγνωσιν when Paul appealed to be held in custody for the Emperor’s decision 25:21.—ASherwin-White, Rom. Society and Law in the NT ’63, 57–70; AHMJones, Studies in Rom. Govt. and Law ’60, 53ff; BAFCS III, index.

④ to invoke in an oath, call on someone as a witness mid. τινὰ μάρτυρα legal t.t. (Pla., Leg. 2, 664c) 2 Cor 1:23 (θεοὺς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι μάρτυρας: Polyb. 11, 6, 4; Heliod. 1, 25, 1; Jos., Ant. 1, 243).—M-M. TW. Spicq.

ἐπισυναγωγή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; scarcely to be differentiated fr. συναγωγή: IG XII/3 Suppl. no. 1270, 11f [II B.C.] and s. Dssm., LO 81; LAE 101ff]; 2 Macc 2:7).

① a gathering together to or toward at some location, meeting, of a Christian group ἐγκαταλείπειν τὴν ἐ. ἑαυτῶν neglect their own meeting(s) Hb 10:25.

② the action of ἐπισυνάγεσθαι, assembling ἐπί τινα with someone 2 Th 2:1.—M-M. TW. Spicq.

ἡμέρα, ας, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① the period betw. sunrise and sunset, day

ⓐ lit. (opp. νύξ; e.g. Ath. 24, 2 ἀντιδοξοῦντι … ὡς … τῇ ἡμέρᾳ νύξ) Mt 4:2 (fasting for 40 days and 40 nights as Ex 34:28. S. νύξ 1d.—Cp. JosAs 13:8 ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας καὶ ἑπτὰ νύκτας; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 10 ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας κ. τὰς ἴσας νύκτας); 12:40 and oft. ἡμέρα γίνεται day is breaking (X., An. 2, 2, 13; 7, 2, 34; Appian, Iber. 74 §315; Jos., Ant. 10, 202, Vi. 405) Lk 4:42; 6:13; 22:66; Ac 12:18; 16:35; 27:29, 39. ἡμέρα διαυγάζει the day dawns 2 Pt 1:19. κλίνει declines, evening approaches Lk 9:12; 24:29 (cp. Just., D. 56, 16 ἡμέρα προκόπτει). φαίνει shines Rv 8:12. In the gen. to denote a point of time ἡμέρας in daylight (Hippocr., Ep. 19, 7; Arrian, Ind. 13, 6; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 10) 1 Cl 25:4. ἡμέρας μέσης at midday, noon (Lucian, Nigr. 34; cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 190) Ac 26:13. But also, as in Thu. et al., of time within which someth. occurs, ἡμέρας during the day Rv 21:25. ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός (by) day and night (Appian, Liby. 121, §576; Arrian, Anab. 7, 11, 4; Jos., Ant. 11, 171; Just., D. 1, 4 διʼ ὅλης νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας; also in reverse order as Is 34:10) Mk 5:5; Lk 18:7; Ac 9:24; 1 Th 2:9; 3:10; 2 Th 3:8; AcPl Ha 2, 10; 3, 2. The acc. of time νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν (in this sequence Dio Chrys. 7 [8], 15; Ael. Aristid. 51, 1 K.=27 p. 534 D.; Esth 4:16; cp. νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν Mel., HE 4, 26, 5; Ath. 34, 3) (throughout the) day and (the) night Mk 4:27; Lk 2:37; Ac 20:31; 26:7. τὰς ἡμέρας every day (opp. τὰς νύκτας; cp. Dio Chrys. 4, 36; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 199) Lk 21:37; cp. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν (throughout) every day Ac 5:42 (cp. Hdt. 7, 203, 1). τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην (throughout) that day (Ael. Aristid. 49, 45 K.) J 1:39. ὅλην τ. ἡμ. (Jos., Ant. 6, 22) Mt 20:6. The acc. in a distributive sense συμφωνεῖν ἐκ δηναρίου τὴν ἡμέραν on a denarius a day Mt 20:2 (s. Meisterhans³-Schw. 205; pap in Mlt., ClR 15, 1901, 436; 18, 1904, 152). ἡμέρας ὁδός a day’s journey Lk 2:44 (cp. X., An. 2, 2, 12; Gen 31:23; 1 Macc 5:24; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 21; 23). Daylight lasts for twelve hours, during which a person can walk without stumbling J 11:9ab. ἡ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφή reveling in broad daylight 2 Pt 2:13.

ⓑ fig. (SibOr 5, 241) Christians as υἱοὶ φωτὸς καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας children of light and of the day 1 Th 5:5; cp. vs. 8 (in contrast, Aristoph., Fgm. 573 K. calls Chaerephon, the friend of Socrates νυκτὸς παῖδα, in a derogatory sense). In J 9:4 day denotes the period of human life; cp. Ro 13:12f.

② civil or legal day, including the night, day Mt 6:34; 15:32; Mk 6:21; Lk 13:14; B 15:3ff. Opp. hours Mt 25:13; hours, months, years Rv 9:15; cp. Gal 4:10.

ⓐ In the gen., answering the question, how long? (Nicostrat. Com., Fgm. 5 K. ἡμερῶν τριῶν ἤδη=now for three days; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 13 W. τριῶν ἡμ.; BGU 37, 7 [50 A.D.]; 249, 11 [70–80 A.D.] ἡμερῶν δύο διαμένομεν) τεσσεράκοντα ἡμερῶν during 40 days Ac 1:3 D*. ἑκάστης ἡμέρας each day AcPl Ha 6, 8 (cp. ILegGort 1, 9 of a fine τᾶς ἁμέρας ϝεκάστας ‘for each day’, on the gen. Buck, Dialects §170; Just., D. 2, 6 al.)—In the dat., answering the quest., when? (X., An. 4, 7, 8; Jdth 7:6; Esth 7:2; Bel 40 Theod.; JosAs 11:1; Just., A I, 67, 7 al.) τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ (cp. Arrian, Anab. 6, 4, 1 τρίτῃ ἡμ.; AscIs 3:16 τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμ.; JosAs 29:8; Just., D. 100, 1 al., cp. D. 85, 6 τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἡμ.) Mt 16:21; 17:23; Lk 9:22; 24:7, 46; 1 Cor 15:4. ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ on the day on which (PLille 15, 1 [242 B.C.] ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ; 1 Esdr 1:49; Jos., Ant. 20, 26) Lk 17:29; cp. vs. 30. μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ in (the course of) one day (Appian, Iber. 58 §244) 1 Cor 10:8.

ⓑ In the acc., usu. answering the quest., how long? (X., An. 4, 7, 18; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 26 p. 410, 30 Jac. τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην=throughout that day; Polyaenus 6, 53 τρεῖς ἡμέρας; Arrian, Anab. 6, 2, 3; Lucian, Alex. 15 ἡμέρας=several days; Philo, Vi. Cont. 30 τὰς ἓξ ἡμέρας; JosAs 10:20 τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας) ὅλην τ. ἡμέραν the whole day long Ro 8:36 (Ps 43:23), 10:21 (Is 65:2). ἡμέραν μίαν for one day Ac 21:7 (Just., D. 12, 3). ἔμειναν οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας J 2:12; cp. 4:40; 11:6; Ac 9:19; 10:48; 16:12; 20:6c; 21:4, 10; Gal 1:18; Rv 11:3, 9. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day (Ps.-Euripides, Rhes. 445f, Henioch. 5, 13 Kock; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Is 58:2; Ps 95:2; Sir 5:7; En) 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (quot. of unknown orig.; s. also e below, end). Only rarely does the acc. answer the quest., when? (Antiphanes Com. [IV B.C.] Fgm. 280; Ps.-Lucian, Halc. 3 τρίτην ἡμ.) τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς on the Day of Pentecost Ac 20:16. Peculiar is the expr. τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην σήμερον ἡμέραν προσδοκῶντες this is the fourteenth day you have been waiting Ac 27:33 (cp. X., An. 4, 5, 24 ἐνάτην ἡμέραν γεγαμημένην).—ἑπτάκις τῆς ἡμέρας seven times a day Lk 17:4.

ⓒ Used w. prep.: ἀπό w. gen. from … (on) Mt 22:46; J 11:53; Ac 20:18. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας (PRev 9, 1 [258 B.C.]; PsSol 18:11f; EpArist 24) Col 1:6, 9; Hm 4, 4, 3. ἀπὸ … ἄχρι … Phil 1:5. ἀπὸ … μέχρι … Ac 10:30. ἄχρι w. gen. until Mt 24:38b; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2; 2:29. ἄχρι ἡμερῶν πέντε five days later Ac 20:6b. μέχρι τῆς σήμερον (ἡμέρας) up to the present day (1 Esdr 8:74) Mt 28:15. ἕως τ. ἡμέρας Mt 27:64; Ac 1:22; Ro 11:8 (Dt 29:3; Just., D. 134, 5 ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμ.; for this Ath. 2, 1 εἰς … τὴν σήμερον ἡμ.). διʼ ἡμερῶν after (several) days Mk 2:1 (cp. Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; Pla., Hipp. Maj. 281a διὰ χρόνου=after a [long] time). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days (PPetr II, 4 [6], 8 διʼ ἡμερῶν ε´=in the course of 5 days) Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58. διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 (s. διά A 2a). διὰ τ. ἡμέρας in the course of the day Lk 9:37 D εἰς τ. ἡμέραν for the day (PPetr III, 95 col. 2, 6 [III B.C.]) J 12:7; Rv 9:15; εἰς ἡμέρας μ´ 40 days long AcPl Ha 6, 11. ἐν τῇ ἡμ. in the daytime J 11:9b. ἐν μιᾷ τῶν ἡμερῶν one day Lk 5:17; 8:22; 20:1. ἐν on w. dat. sing. Mt 24:50; Lk 1:59; 13:31 v.l. (Just., D. 29, 3 ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμ.; 111, 3 ἐν ἡμ. τοῦ πάσχα); J 5:9; Hb 4:4 (cp. Gen 2:2); AcPl Ha 3, 9. In, within w. dat. pl. (Alexis Com. 246, 2 K. ἐν πένθʼ ἡμέραις; Philo, Somn. 2, 112; TestJob 30:4; JosAs 21:7 ἐν ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἡμέραις τοῦ γάμου) ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (PTebt 14, 5 [114 B.C.]; Porphyr., Vi. Plot. 17 p. 111, 26 W.; TestJob 24:9; EpArist 24) Mt 27:40; Mk 15:29; J 2:19f.—ἐπί w. acc. over a period of ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους over a period of many days (PTurin I, 2, 15 [116 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱκανὰς ἡμ.; Jos., Ant. 4, 277) Ac 13:31; cp. 27:20; ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἡμ. (Jos., Ant. 18, 57) 16:18; cp. Hb 11:30. καθʼ ἡμέραν every day (Hyperid. 6, 23; 26; Polyb. 1, 57, 7; 4, 18, 2 al.; Diod S 1, 36, 7 and 8; 2, 47, 2 al.; SIG 656, 22; UPZ 42, 13 [162 B.C.]; PGiss 17, 1; Tob 10:7; Sus 8 and 12 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:15; EpArist 304; Jos., Bell. 2, 265, Ant. 20, 205; Ar. [POxy 1778, 27]; Just., D. 39, 2 al.) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49 (‘by day’: AArgyle, ET 63, ’51/52, 354); Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; 2 Cor 11:28; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also (w. optional art., s. B-D-F §160; Rob. 766) τὸ καθʼ ἡμ. (Aristoph., Equ. 1126; Pla.; Polyb. 4, 18, 2; POxy 1220, 4; TestJob 14:2; but simply καθʼ ἡμ. Ac 2:45 D) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l.; καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμ. every day (X., Mem. 4, 2, 12, Equ. 5, 9; PTebt 412, 2; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 327, 18; Ex 5:8; Esth 2:11; Job 1:4; Bel 4:6; PsSol 18:11; GrBar 8:4) Hb 3:13. κατὰ πᾶσαν ἡμ. w. same mng. (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:17. μεθʼ ἡμέρας ἕξ six days later (PSI 502, 16 [257 B.C.] μεθʼ ἡμέρας ιβ´; 436, 3 [Just., D. 27, 5 μετὰ μίαν ἡμ. al.]) Mt 17:1; cp. 26:2; 27:63; Mk 8:31; Lk 1:24; J 4:43; 20:26; Ac 1:5; 15:36; 24:1; 28:13; AcPl Ha 1, 33; 11, 8; AcPlCor 2:30. πρὸ ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα six days before the Passover J 12:1 (not a Latinism, since it is found as early as Hippocr. πρὸ τριῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς τελευτῆς [WSchulze, Graeca Latina 1901, 15; Rydbeck 64f]; cp. Plut., Symp. 8, 717d; Lucian, De Morte Peregr. 1; Aelian, HA 11, 19; mystery ins of Andania [SIG 736, 70 πρὸ ἁμερᾶν δέκα τῶν μυστηρίων]; PFay 118, 15; PHolm 4, 23; PGM 13, 26; 671; Am 1:1; 2 Macc 15:36; Jos., Ant. 15, 408; Just., D. 27, 5; s. WSchmid, D. Attizismus III 1893, 287f; IV 1897, 629; Mlt. 100f; B-D-F §213).—It is striking to find the nom. denoting time in the expression ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; cp. Lk 9:28 (s. B-D-F §144; Rob. 460).

ⓓ Of festive days: ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν σαββάτων (σάββατον 1bβ) or τοῦ σαββάτου (σάββ. 1a) Lk 4:16; 13:14b, 16; J 19:31; Ac 13:14 (Just., D. 27, 5). ἡ ἡμέρα or αἱ ἡμέραι τ. ἀζύμων Lk 22:7; Ac 12:3; 20:6. ἡ ἡμέρα τ. πεντηκοστῆς Ac 2:1; 20:16. μεγάλη ἡμέρα the great day (of atonement) PtK 2 p. 14, 29. In gen. of a Judean festival GJs 1:2; 2:2 (the author no longer has a clear understanding of the precise festival signified by the term; s. Amann and deStrycker on 1:2). ἡ κυριακὴ ἡμέρα the Lord’s Day, Sunday Rv 1:10 (cp. Just. A I, 67, 7 τὴν … τοῦ ἡλίου ἡμέραν). Festive days are spoken of in the foll. passages: ὸ̔ς μὲν κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν, ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν one person considers one day better than another, another considers every day good Ro 14:5. φρονεῖν τ. ἡμέραν concern oneself w. (= observe) the day vs. 6. ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθαι observe days Gal 4:10.—Used w. gen. to denote what happens or is to be done on the day in question ἡμ. τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ Ac 21:26. τ. ἐνταφιασμοῦ day of burial J 12:7. ἕως ἡμέρας ἀναδείξεως αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ Lk 1:80 (s. ἀνάδειξις).

ⓔ OT terminology is reflected in the expr. fulfilling of the days (Ex 7:25; 1 Ch 17:11; Tob 10:1b; cp. מָלֵא) ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμ. τῆς λειτουργίας αὐτοῦ the days of his service came to an end Lk 1:23. ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμ. ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν the eighth day, on which he was to be circumcised, had come 2:21; cp. vs. 22. S. ἐκπλήρωσις, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, τελέω, τελειόω. The Hebr. has also furnished the expr. ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ day after day (Esth 3:4 יוֹם וָיוֹם=LXX καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν; יוֹם יוֹם Ps 68:20=LXX 67:20 ἡμέραν καθʼ ἡμέραν) 2 Cor 4:16; GJs 6:1.—ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας (rather oft. in the OT for various Hebr. expressions, but also in Henioch. Com. 5, 13 K.) day after day 2 Pt 2:8; prophetic quot. of unknown origin 2 Cl 11:2. ἡμέρᾳ ἀφʼ ἡμέρας GJs 12:3.

③ a day appointed for very special purposes, day (UPZ 66, 5 [153 B.C.] ἡ ἡμ.=the wedding day; ins in ÖJh 64, ’95, p. 74 of a commemorative day for the founder of Ephesus τῇ τοῦ Ἀνδρόκλου ἡμέρᾳ), e.g. of childbirth J 16:21 v.l.

ⓐ τακτῇ ἡμέρᾳ Ac 12:21. ἡμέραν τάξασθαι (Polyb. 18, 19, 1) 28:23. στῆσαι (Dionys. Hal. 6, 48) 17:31. ὁρίζειν (Polyb., Dionys. Hal.; Epict., Ench. 51, 1) Hb 4:7; Hv 2, 2, 5. Of the day of the census (s. Lk 2:1) αὕτη ἡ ἡμέρα κυρίου GJs 17:1. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ᾗ ἔμελλεν θηριομαχῖν ὁ Παῦλος AcPl Ha 3, 9.

ⓑ esp. of a day of judgment, fixed by a judge

α. ἀνθρωπίνη ἡμ. a day appointed by a human court 1 Cor 4:3 (cp. the ins on a coin amulet [II/III A.D.] where these words are transl. ‘human judgment’ by CBonner, HTR 43, ’50, 165–68). This expr. is formed on the basis of ἡμ. as designating

β. the day of God’s final judgment (s. ὥρα 3). ᾗ ἡμ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀποκαλύπτεται the day on which the Human One (Son of Man) reveals himself Lk 17:30; ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμ. 2 Pt 3:12. ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη τοῦ θεοῦ τ. παντοκράτορος Rv 16:14. ἡμ. κυρίου (Jo 1:15; 2:1, 11; Is 13:6, 9 al.) occurring only once in the NT of the day of God, the Lord, in an OT quot. πρὶν ἐλθεῖν ἡμ. κυρίου τ. μεγάλην κ. ἐπιφανῆ Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4; cp. JosAs 14:2). Otherw. Jesus Christ is the Lord of this day: 1 Cor 5:5; 1 Th 5:2 (P-ÉLangevin, Jesus Seigneur, ’67, 107–67; GHolland, SBLSP 24, ’85, 327–41); 2 Th 2:2; 2 Pt 3:10. He is oft. mentioned by name or otherw. clearly designated, e.g. as υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρώπου, Lk 17:24; 1 Cor 1:8; 2 Cor 1:14; Phil 1:6, 10; 2:16. ἡ ἐσχάτη ἡμ. the last day (of this age) (s. ἔσχατος 2b) J 6:39f, 44, 54; 11:24; 12:48; Hv 2, 2, 5. ἡμ. (τῆς) κρίσεως (Pr 6:34; Jdth 16:17; PsSol 15:12; En; GrBar 1:7; cp. TestLevi 3:2, 3; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4) Mt 10:15; 11:22, 24; 12:36; 2 Pt 2:9; 3:7; 1J 4:17; 2 Cl 17:6; B 19:10. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὄτε κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. the day on which … Ro 2:16 (RBultmann, TLZ 72, ’47, 200f considers this a gloss). ἡμ. ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ θεοῦ 2:5 (ἡμ. ὀργῆς as Zeph 1:15, 18; 2:3; Ezk 7:19 v.l.; cp. Rv 6:17). ἡ ἡμ. ἡ μεγάλη (Jer 37:7; Mal 3:22) Rv 6:17; 16:14. ἡμ. μεγάλη καὶ θαυμαστή B 6:4. ἡμ. ἀπολυτρώσεως Eph 4:30. ἡμ. ἐπισκοπῆς (s. ἐπισκοπή 1a and b) 1 Pt 2:12. ἡμ. ἀνταποδόσεως B 14:9 (Is 61:2); ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμ. (Zeph 1:15; Am 9:11; Zech 12:3f; Is 10:20; Jer 37:7f) Mt 7:22; Lk 6:23; 10:12; 21:34; 2 Th 1:10; 2 Ti 1:12, 18; 4:8; AcPlCor 2:32. Perh. ἡμ. σφαγῆς (cp. Jer 12:3; En 16:1) Js 5:5 belongs here (s. σφαγή). Abs. ἡμ. 1 Cor 3:13; Hb 10:25; B 7:9; 21:3; cp. 1 Th 5:4.—ἡμέρα αἰῶνος (Sir 18:10) day of eternity 2 Pt 3:18 is also eschatological in mng.; it means the day on which eternity commences, or the day which itself constitutes eternity. In the latter case the pass. would belong to the next section.

④ an extended period, time (like יוֹם, but not unknown among the Greeks: Soph., Aj. 131; 623; Eur., Ion 720; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 13, 1389b, 33f; PAmh 30, 43 [II B.C.] ἡμέρας αἰτοῦσα=‘she asked for time’, or ‘a respite’)

ⓐ in sg. ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ τ. πονηρᾷ when the times are evil (unless the ref. is to the final judgment) Eph 6:13. ἐν ἡμ. σωτηρίας of the salutary time that has come for Christians 2 Cor 6:2 (Is 49:8). Of the time of the rescue fr. Egypt ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπιλαβομένου μου τ. χειρὸς αὐτῶν at the time when I took them by the hand Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32; on the constr. cp. Bar 2:28 and B-D-F §423, 5; Rob. 514). ἐν ἐκείνῃ τ. ἡμέρᾳ at that time Mk 2:20b; J 14:20; 16:23, 26. τ. ἡμέραν τ. ἐμήν my time (era) 8:56. ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ αὐτοῦ ἡμέρᾳ in his (Abraham’s) last days GJs 1:3.

ⓑ chiefly in the pl. αἱ ἡμέραι of time of life or activity, w. gen. of pers. (1 Km 17:12 A; 2 Km 21:1; 3 Km 10:21; Esth 1:1s; Sir 46:7; 47:1; ἡμέραι αὐτοῦ En 12:2; ἡμέραι ἃς ἦτε 102:5 and oft.) ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου Mt 2:1; Lk 1:5; Νῶε 17:26a; 1 Pt 3:20; Ἠλίου Lk 4:25. ἐν ταῖς ἡμ. τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου 17:26b; cp. Mt 23:30. ἀπὸ τ. ἡμερῶν Ἰωάννου Mt 11:12. ἕως τ. ἡμερῶν Δαυίδ Ac 7:45; cp. 13:41 (Hab 1:5). W. gen. of thing ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως time of vengeance Lk 21:22; τ. ἀπογραφῆς Ac 5:37; cp. Rv 10:7; 11:6. ἐν τ. ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ in the time of his appearance in the flesh Hb 5:7.—ἡμέραι πονηραί corrupt times Eph 5:16; cp. B 2:1; 8:6. ἡμ. ἀγαθαί happy times (Artem. 4, 8) 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:13). ἀφʼ ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:7; αἱ πρότερον ἡμ. Hb 10:32. πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας all the time, always Mt 28:20 (cp. Dt 4:40; 5:29; PsSol 14:4). νῦν τ. ἡμέραις at the present time Hs 9, 20, 4. ἐν (ταῖς) ἐσχάταις ἡμ. Ac 2:17; 2 Ti 3:1; Js 5:3; B 4:9; D 16:3. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τ. ἡμερῶν τούτων Hb 1:2; cp. 2 Pt 3:3; GJs 7:2. ἐν τ. ἡμέραις ἐκείναις at that time Mt 3:1; 24:19, 38; Mk 1:9; Lk 2:1; 4:2b; 5:35b. ἐν τ. ἡμ. ταύταις at this time Lk 1:39; 6:12; Ac 1:15. εἰς ταύτας τ. ἡμέρας w. respect to our time (opp. πάλαι) Hs 9, 26, 6. πρὸ τούτων τ. ἡμερῶν before this (time) Ac 5:36; 21:38; πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμ. for a short time Hb 12:10; ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. there will come a time: w. ὅταν foll. Mt 9:15; Mk 2:20a; Lk 5:35a; w. ὅτε foll. Lk 17:22 (Just., D. 40, 2). ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπί σε καί a time is coming upon you when Lk 19:43. ἡμ. ἔρχονται καί Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31). ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. ἐν αἷς Lk 21:6; 23:29.—Esp. of time of life πάσαις τ. ἡμέραις ἡμῶν for our entire lives Lk 1:75. πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ all his life GJs 4:1 (cp. En 103:5; TestJob 46:9). μήτε ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν μήτε ζωῆς τέλος ἔχων without either beginning or end of life Hb 7:3. προβεβηκὼς ἐν ταῖς ἡμ. advanced in years Lk 1:7, 18; cp. 2:36 (s. Gen 18:11; 24:1; Josh 13:1; 23:1; 3 Km 1:1; προβαίνω 2).—B. 991. DELG s.v. ἦμαρ. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἡσυχία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+).

① state of quietness without disturbance, quietness, rest (Diod S 4, 2, 2 opp. to accompaniment of thunder and lightning; 16, 13, 2 without any fanfare; 18, 9, 3 without experiencing disturbance; Diog. L. 9, 21 of a quiet scholar’s life w. implied contrast of being engaged in public affairs; Pind., P. 1, 70 σύμφωνον ἐς ἁσυχίαν ‘to harmonious peace’ among citizens; Jos., Ant. 18, 245 opp. bustle of city life) w. πραότης Hm 5, 2, 6 (TestAbr A 1 p. 77, 3 [Stone p. 2]). Of living in a way that does not cause disturbance (Mel., HE 4, 26, 6) 2 Th 3:12 (cp. ἀτάκτως vs. 11 and juxtaposition of ἀτακτεῖν and ἡσυχία Sotades 6, 8f [Coll. Alex. p. 241]; μετὰ ἡσυχίας as in Diod S [s. above] and SIG 1109, 64f of an injunction to bit-players in a cultic drama not to overplay or ‘ham it up’; UPZ 8, 17 [161 B.C.]; BGU 614; Sir 28:16). ἡσυχίαν ἔχειν ἀπό τινος have respite from someth. ApcPt 17:32.

② state of saying nothing or very little, silence (Pla., Ep. 2, 312c; Pr 11:12; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 14; Jos., Ant. 3, 67) IEph 15:2. ἐν ἡς. in silence (Philo, Somn. 2, 263) 1 Ti 2:11f; IEph 19:1. παρέχειν ἡσυχίαν quiet down, give a hearing (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 235; cp. Just., D. 115, 5 ἡσυχίαν ἠγάγετε) Ac 22:2 (is it prob. that here such concepts as ‘reverence’, ‘devotion’, ‘respect’ may have some influence? Cp. Dio Chrys. 68 [18], 10: Herodotus should be read μετὰ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας ‘with much respect’). ἡσυχίας γενομένης 21:40 D (cp. Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 26; Philo, Vi. Cont. 75).—Schmidt, Syn. IV 248–64. DELG s.v. ἥσυχος. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ἥκω (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Jos., Ant. 16, 329; 341 al.; Just., A II, 2, 5; for ἔρχεσθαι Just., D. 49, 3 and 88, 7 [Mt 3:11f], D. 53, 3 [Zech 9:9]); for ἤχθη (A I, 51, 1 [Is 53:8]; D. 13, 6 [Is 53:8]) since it has the mng. of a perf., its conjugation somet. has perf. forms (as in pap [Mayser I 2² ’38, 148]; LXX [Helbing 104]; JosAs 3:7f; Joseph. [WSchmidt 470]) ἥκασι(ν) Mk 8:3 (v.l. ἥκουσιν); 1 Cl 12:2. Impf. ἧκον; fut. ἥξω; 1 aor. ἧξα (POxy 933, 13).

① to be in a place as the result of movement to, have come, be present, of persons

ⓐ w. mention of the starting point ἀπό τινος Mt 8:11; Lk 13:29. ἔκ τινος J 4:47; Ro 11:26. μακρόθεν Mk 8:3 (cp. Josh 9:6, 9; Is 60:4, FDanker, JBL 82, ’63, 215f).

ⓑ w. mention of the goal εἴς τι J 4:47 (s. a above); ἥ. εἰς θάνατον go to one’s death 1 Cl 16:9. ἥ. εἰς τὴν πύρωσιν τῆς δοκιμασίας D 16:5. ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ at home GJs 5:1. πρός τινα (PSI 326, 4 [261 B.C.]; En 106:8) Ac 28:23 v.l.; GJs 9:3. ἐπί τινα have come to someone (UPZ 78, 44 [159 B.C.]), also w. hostile intent (Pla., Rep. 336b et al.; 2 Ch 20:2) Rv 3:3b. ἐπί τι (Lucian, Jupp. Tr. 24; Achilles Tat. 5, 10, 1) B 4:3. W. inf. foll. 1 Cl 12:2. ἕως ὧδε 20:7. ἐκεῖ there (POslo 58, 5) Hv 3, 1, 3.

ⓒ abs. Mt 24:50; Lk 12:46; 15:27; J 8:42; Hb 10:7, 9 (both Ps 39:8), 37 (Hab 2:3); 1J 5:20; Rv 2:25; 3:3a, 9; 1 Cl 23:5 (Mal 3:1); D 16:7. ἰδοὺ ἥκει Ἰωακεὶμ μετὰ τῶν ποιμνίων αὐτοῦ there came Joachim with his flocks GJs 4:4.

ⓓ of the coming of a worshiper to a deity (OGI 186, 6 ἥκω πρὸς τὴν κυρίαν ῏Ισιν; 196, 2; Sb 1059, 8402 [I B.C.], 8411 [79 B.C.], 8412 [66 B.C.] al.; 3 Km 8:42; Jer 27:5; ἐπὶ σὲ ἥξομεν PsSol 5:7) J 6:37; Rv 15:4 (Ps 85:9).

ⓔ of a solemn appearance be here (of a deity PGM 1, 26; 29; Zosimus: Herm. Wr. IV p. 111, 5 θεὸς ἥξει πρός σε; 111, 9; Synes., Provid. 2, 2 p. 118b; SibOr 3, 49) expressed w. special force by ἥκω (PGiss 3, 2 [ἄγνωστος, beg.]; s. OWeinreich, ARW 18, 1915, 38ff) J 8:42.

② to make an appearance or come to pass, come, impers. (Demosth. 23, 12; Diod S 18, 58, 2 ἧκε γράμματα=‘a letter came’; Plut., Philop. 366 [21, 1]; Epict. 2, 2, 20; Ael. Aristid. 48, 13 K.=24 p. 468 D.) of time (Ezk 7:12 ἥκει ὁ καιρός; Ps 101:14) or of events Mt 24:14; J 2:4; 13:1 v.l.; 2 Pt 3:10; Rv 18:8. Of information, reports ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα as coming to him from an unwritten tradition Papias (2:11). Of the reign of God 2 Cl 12:2. ἕως ἥξει ὅτε until the time comes when Lk 13:35. ἐπί τινα upon someone (Is 47:9; cp. τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἥξεις … ἐπʼ αὐτούς En 107:1) of the final tribulations Mt 23:36; Lk 19:43.—DELG. M-M. TW.

Ἰεφθάε, ὁ indecl. (יִפְתָּח; in Joseph. Ἰαφθᾶς [v.l. Ἰεφθάς], α [Ant. 5, 271]) Jephthah, son of Gilead, one of the judges of Israel (Judg 11f) Hb 11:32.

Ἰεχονίας, ου, ὁ (יְהוֹיָכִין=יְכָנְיָהוּ) Jechoniah, a king of Judah (Jos., Bell. 6, 103, Ant. 10, 229f). Acc. to the genealogy Mt 1:11f he was a son of Josiah and had brothers. In 1 Ch 3:15f Ἰεχονία is the son of Ἰωακίμ and the grandson of Josiah, and only one brother is mentioned. 1 Ch 3:17; Mt 1:12 and Lk 3:23ff D agree that he was the father of Salathiel.

ἰός, οῦ, ὁ (Pind. et al.; pap, LXX; TestJob 43:8; TestReub 5:6; ApcMos 19)

① poison, venom

ⓐ lit. ἰὸν ἐχίδνης Papias (11:2) and ἰὸς ἀσπίδων (TestJob 43:12; cp. Appian, Mithr. 88 §490 ἰὸς ὄφεων; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 166; Jos., Bell. 1, 601; Constant. Manasses 4, 39 H.) Ro 3:13 (Ps 13:3; 139:4). Of animal (i.e. snake; s. θηρίον 1aβד) poison also Hs 9, 26, 7. These passages, as well as Hv 3, 9, 7 and ITr 6:2 v.l., show that the transition to the fig. use was easy.

ⓑ fig. (Aeschyl., Eum. 730 al.; Herm. Wr. p. 480, 15 Sc.; Test Reub 5:6) Js 3:8.

② corrosion, rust (Theognis 451; Pla., Tim. 59c, Rep. 10, 609a; Theocr. 16, 17 et al.; SIG² 587, 310 [329 B.C.] σίδηρος καταβεβρωμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ; SIG 284, 15; Herm. Wr. 14, 7; Ezk 24:6, 11f; EpJer 10 and 23; Philo, Div. Rer. Her. 217 [χρυσὸς] ἰὸν οὐ παραδέχεται, gold is praised for being rust-proof; sim. Theognis 449–52; but if not adequately refined or subject to chemical pollution some metals in a gold object would be subject to oxidation) Js 5:3; Dg 2:2.—DELG ἰός (3). M-M. TW.

Ἰωάν(ν)ης, ου, ὁ (on the spelling s. W-S. §5, 26c; FBlass, Philology of the Gospels 1898, 75f; 81; B-D-F §40; 55, 1c; Mlt-H. 102; Rob. 194; 214; GRudberg, Ntl. Text u. Nomina sacra 1915, 13f.—The name is also found 1 Macc 2:1f; 9:36, 38; 13:53; 1 Esdr 8:38; 9:29; ApcEsdr 1:19 p. 25, 13 Tdf. [Christian addition]; EpArist 47; 49; 50 and in Joseph. and Just.) John.

① the Baptizer/Baptist (Jos., Ant. 18, 116–19; Just.) Mt 3:1, 4, 13; 4:12 al.; Mk (s. JStarr, JBL 51, ’32, 227–37) 1:4, 6, 9, 14; 2:18; 6:14, 16ff; 8:28; 11:30, 32; Lk 1:13, 60, 63; 3:2, 15f, 20 al.; J 1:6, 15, 19, 26, 28, 32, 35 al.; Ac 1:5, 22; 10:37; 11:16; 13:24f; 18:25; 19:3f; GEb 13, 74 and 77f; 18, 36 and 38f; PEg³ 67; ISm 1:1.—Schürer II 345–48; JThomas, Le mouvement baptiste en Palest. et Syrie ’35; MDibelius, Die urchr. Überlieferung von Joh. d. Täufer 1911; CBernoulli, J. der Täufer und die Urgemeinde 1918; CBowen: Studies in Early Christianity, ed. SCase (Porter-Bacon Festschr.) 1928, 127–47; E Parsons: ibid. 149–70; WMichaelis, Täufer, Jesus, Urgemeinde 1928; MGoguel, Jean-Baptiste 1928; ELohmeyer, Joh. d. T. ’32; WHoward, J. the Bapt. and Jesus: Amicitiae Corolla, ’33, 118–32; PGuénin, Y a-t-il conflit entre Jean B. et Jésus? ’33; GMacgregor, John the Bapt. and the Origins of Christianity: ET 46, ’35, 355–62; CKraeling, John the Bapt. ’51; WWink, John the Bapt. in the Gosp. Trad. ’68; JRife, The Standing of the Baptist: Gingrich Festschr., 205–8. JBecker, Joh. d. T. u. Jesus v. Nazareth ’72.—HWindisch, D. Notiz üb. Tracht u. Speise d. Täuf. Joh.: ZNW 32, ’33, 65–87; PJoüon, Le costume d’Élie et celui de J. Bapt.: Biblica 16, ’35, 74–81. Esp. on his baptism: JJeremias, ZNW 28, 1929, 312–20; KAland, Z. Vorgeschichte d. christlichen Taufe, Neutest. Entwürfe ’79, 183–97; his death: HWindisch, ZNW 18, 1918, 73–81; PZondervan, NThT 7, 1918, 131–53; 8, 1919, 205–40; 10, 1921, 206–17; DVölter, ibid. 10, 1921, 11–27; his disciples: HOort, TT 42, 1908, 299–333; WMichaelis, NKZ 38, 1927, 717–36.—JDoeve, NedTTs 9, ’55, 137–57; DFlusser, Johannes d. Täufer ’64; AGeyser, The Youth of J. the Bapt., NovT 1, ’56, 70–75; CScobie, John the Bapt. ’64; JMeier, John the Baptist in Matthew’s Gospel: JBL 99, ’80, 383–405.—HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT ’66, II, 1–29. On the Mandaeans s. RGG³ IV ’60. 709–12 (lit.).

② son of Zebedee, one of the 12 disciples, brother of James (s. Ἰάκωβος 1) Mt 4:21; 10:2; 17:1; Mk 1:19, 29; 3:17; 5:37; 9:2, 38; 10:35, 41; 13:3; 14:33; Lk 5:10; 6:14; 8:51; 9:28, 49, 54; 22:8; Ac 1:13; 3:1, 3f, 11; 4:13, 19; 8:14; 12:2; Gal 2:9: GEb 34, 60; Papias (2:4). Cp. Papias (1:4; 2:17; 3:1; 7:11f). Title of the Fourth Gospel κατὰ Ἰωάννην.—WThomas, The Apostle John ’46; cp. JKügler, Der Jünger den Jesus liebte ’88.

③ Tradition equates J., son of Zebedee (2), w. the John of Rv 1:1, 4, 9; 22:8 (Just., D. 81, 4).—On 2 and 3 cp. the comm. on the Johannine wr., also Zahn, RE IX 272ff, Forsch. VI 1900, 175–217; Harnack, Die Chronologie der altchristl. Lit. 1897, 320–81; ESchwartz, Über d. Tod der Söhne Zebedäi 1904; WHeitmüller, ZNW 15, 1914, 189–209; BBacon, ibid. 26, 1927, 187–202.—S. survey of lit. HThyen, in TRu 39, ’75 (other installments 43, ’78; 44, ’79); also in EDNT II 211.

④ father of Peter J 1:42; 21:15–17; Judaicon 158, 74 (s. Ἰωνᾶς 2 and cp. 1 Esdr 9:23 with its v.l.).

⑤ an otherw. unknown member of the high council Ac 4:6 (v.l. Ἰωνάθας). Schürer II 233f.

⑥ surnamed Mark, son of Mary. His mother was a prominent member of the church at Jerusalem. He was a cousin of Barnabas and accompanied Paul and Barn. on the first missionary journey Ac 12:12, 25; 13:5, 13; 15:37; s. Μᾶρκος and BHolmes, Luke’s Description of John Mark: JBL 54, ’35, 63–72.

⑦ Ἀριστίων καὶ ὁ πρεσβύτερος Ἰ., Aristion and John the Elder Pa (2:4) distinguished from the sons of Zebedee Eus. HE 3, 39, 5ff.—M-M. TW.

Ἰωάν(ν)ης, ου, ὁ (on the spelling s. W-S. §5, 26c; FBlass, Philology of the Gospels 1898, 75f; 81; B-D-F §40; 55, 1c; Mlt-H. 102; Rob. 194; 214; GRudberg, Ntl. Text u. Nomina sacra 1915, 13f.—The name is also found 1 Macc 2:1f; 9:36, 38; 13:53; 1 Esdr 8:38; 9:29; ApcEsdr 1:19 p. 25, 13 Tdf. [Christian addition]; EpArist 47; 49; 50 and in Joseph. and Just.) John.

① the Baptizer/Baptist (Jos., Ant. 18, 116–19; Just.) Mt 3:1, 4, 13; 4:12 al.; Mk (s. JStarr, JBL 51, ’32, 227–37) 1:4, 6, 9, 14; 2:18; 6:14, 16ff; 8:28; 11:30, 32; Lk 1:13, 60, 63; 3:2, 15f, 20 al.; J 1:6, 15, 19, 26, 28, 32, 35 al.; Ac 1:5, 22; 10:37; 11:16; 13:24f; 18:25; 19:3f; GEb 13, 74 and 77f; 18, 36 and 38f; PEg³ 67; ISm 1:1.—Schürer II 345–48; JThomas, Le mouvement baptiste en Palest. et Syrie ’35; MDibelius, Die urchr. Überlieferung von Joh. d. Täufer 1911; CBernoulli, J. der Täufer und die Urgemeinde 1918; CBowen: Studies in Early Christianity, ed. SCase (Porter-Bacon Festschr.) 1928, 127–47; E Parsons: ibid. 149–70; WMichaelis, Täufer, Jesus, Urgemeinde 1928; MGoguel, Jean-Baptiste 1928; ELohmeyer, Joh. d. T. ’32; WHoward, J. the Bapt. and Jesus: Amicitiae Corolla, ’33, 118–32; PGuénin, Y a-t-il conflit entre Jean B. et Jésus? ’33; GMacgregor, John the Bapt. and the Origins of Christianity: ET 46, ’35, 355–62; CKraeling, John the Bapt. ’51; WWink, John the Bapt. in the Gosp. Trad. ’68; JRife, The Standing of the Baptist: Gingrich Festschr., 205–8. JBecker, Joh. d. T. u. Jesus v. Nazareth ’72.—HWindisch, D. Notiz üb. Tracht u. Speise d. Täuf. Joh.: ZNW 32, ’33, 65–87; PJoüon, Le costume d’Élie et celui de J. Bapt.: Biblica 16, ’35, 74–81. Esp. on his baptism: JJeremias, ZNW 28, 1929, 312–20; KAland, Z. Vorgeschichte d. christlichen Taufe, Neutest. Entwürfe ’79, 183–97; his death: HWindisch, ZNW 18, 1918, 73–81; PZondervan, NThT 7, 1918, 131–53; 8, 1919, 205–40; 10, 1921, 206–17; DVölter, ibid. 10, 1921, 11–27; his disciples: HOort, TT 42, 1908, 299–333; WMichaelis, NKZ 38, 1927, 717–36.—JDoeve, NedTTs 9, ’55, 137–57; DFlusser, Johannes d. Täufer ’64; AGeyser, The Youth of J. the Bapt., NovT 1, ’56, 70–75; CScobie, John the Bapt. ’64; JMeier, John the Baptist in Matthew’s Gospel: JBL 99, ’80, 383–405.—HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT ’66, II, 1–29. On the Mandaeans s. RGG³ IV ’60. 709–12 (lit.).

② son of Zebedee, one of the 12 disciples, brother of James (s. Ἰάκωβος 1) Mt 4:21; 10:2; 17:1; Mk 1:19, 29; 3:17; 5:37; 9:2, 38; 10:35, 41; 13:3; 14:33; Lk 5:10; 6:14; 8:51; 9:28, 49, 54; 22:8; Ac 1:13; 3:1, 3f, 11; 4:13, 19; 8:14; 12:2; Gal 2:9: GEb 34, 60; Papias (2:4). Cp. Papias (1:4; 2:17; 3:1; 7:11f). Title of the Fourth Gospel κατὰ Ἰωάννην.—WThomas, The Apostle John ’46; cp. JKügler, Der Jünger den Jesus liebte ’88.

③ Tradition equates J., son of Zebedee (2), w. the John of Rv 1:1, 4, 9; 22:8 (Just., D. 81, 4).—On 2 and 3 cp. the comm. on the Johannine wr., also Zahn, RE IX 272ff, Forsch. VI 1900, 175–217; Harnack, Die Chronologie der altchristl. Lit. 1897, 320–81; ESchwartz, Über d. Tod der Söhne Zebedäi 1904; WHeitmüller, ZNW 15, 1914, 189–209; BBacon, ibid. 26, 1927, 187–202.—S. survey of lit. HThyen, in TRu 39, ’75 (other installments 43, ’78; 44, ’79); also in EDNT II 211.

④ father of Peter J 1:42; 21:15–17; Judaicon 158, 74 (s. Ἰωνᾶς 2 and cp. 1 Esdr 9:23 with its v.l.).

⑤ an otherw. unknown member of the high council Ac 4:6 (v.l. Ἰωνάθας). Schürer II 233f.

⑥ surnamed Mark, son of Mary. His mother was a prominent member of the church at Jerusalem. He was a cousin of Barnabas and accompanied Paul and Barn. on the first missionary journey Ac 12:12, 25; 13:5, 13; 15:37; s. Μᾶρκος and BHolmes, Luke’s Description of John Mark: JBL 54, ’35, 63–72.

⑦ Ἀριστίων καὶ ὁ πρεσβύτερος Ἰ., Aristion and John the Elder Pa (2:4) distinguished from the sons of Zebedee Eus. HE 3, 39, 5ff.—M-M. TW.

ἱμάτιον, ου, τό (s. prec. and next entry; since Hipponax 70, Hdt., Aristoph.+) prim. ‘a piece of clothing’

① clothing, apparel, gener. of any garment (PRyl 154, 8; PPetr II, 32, 18; PSI 94, 16; LXX) sg. Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21; 5:27; Lk 5:36; 8:27; Hb 1:11f (Ps 101:27); B 6:2 (Is 50:9) al. Pl. clothing (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 239) Mt 11:8 v.l.; 27:31, 35; Mk 5:28, 30; 9:3; 15:20, 24 al.; Lk 7:25; 23:34; J 19:23f; Rv 16:15. The pl. in the foll. pass. is explained by the fact that each one of a number of persons contributed one piece of clothing: Mt 21:7, 8; Mk 11:7, 8; Lk 19:35, 36 (on these pass. s. Plut., Cato Min. 764 [12, 1]); Ac 9:39 (Paradoxogr. Vat. 26 Keller ἱμάτια ἐπιδεικνύναι); Hs 9, 13, 5. ἡ τῶν ἱματίων ἀλαζών she who prides herself on her apparel AcPl Ha 2, 20.—ἀποθέσθαι ἑαυτῷ πάντα τὰ ἱ. take off all one’s (own) clothes MPol 13:2. περιαιρεῖσθαι τὰ ἱ. take off GJs 2:4. ἱ. μαλακά soft clothing Lk 7:25. λευκά white clothing Rv 3:4f, 18; 4:4; cp. Mt 17:2; Mk 9:3. μέλανα ἱ. Hs 9, 15, 1; 3 (in such cases ἱ. can be omitted, as we say ‘dressed in white’ or ‘in black’: J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Cp. B-D-F §241, 7 and λευκός 2 end). πενθικά … νυμφικά GJs 2:4 (Mel., P. 19, 132 ἱ. πενθικόν). σκυθροπότερα clothing fit for mourners AcPl Ha 2, 16. Ruined by moths Js 5:2. ἱ. κατατρίβεται wear out AcPl Ha 2, 25; 9, 9 (restored). σύνθεσις ἱματίων Hs 6, 1, 5. ἔνδυσις ἱματίων putting on clothing 1 Pt 3:3.

② of outer clothing cloak, robe (Lucian, Alex. 11) Mt 9:20f; 23:5 v.l.; 24:18; Mk 5:27; 6:56; 10:50; 13:16; Lk 8:44; 22:36; J 19:2, 5; Rv 19:16. W. χιτών, the undergarment (Diod S 4, 38, 1; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 61; Diogenes, Ep. 30, 3; Diog. L. 6, 6; SIG 736, 17 [92 B.C.]; PEdg 11=Sb 6717, 9 [257 B.C.]) Ac 9:39; D 1:4; Mt 5:40 (here the order is χιτ. … ἱ.; the situation is that of a lawsuit, in which the defendant is advised to give up not only the indispensable χιτών demanded by the opponent, but the ἱ. as well); Lk 6:29 (here the order is ἱ. … χ., a sequence that suggests highway robbery, in which the robber first deprives a victim of the outer garment. Cp. UPZ 122, 14 [157 B.C.], the report of a robbery: βουλόμενός μου περιελέσθαι τὸ ἱμάτιον. Also PLille 6, 9 ἐξέδυσαν χιτῶνα … ἱμάτιον.—But Lk may have had Dt 24:10–13 in mind [ἱ. as a pledge]. Through nonretaliation the debtor shows the shamelessness of the creditor: FDanker, Jesus and the New Age, ’88, 145). ἱ. περιβάλλειν, περιβάλλεσθαι (PFay 12, 19 [c. 103 B.C.]; Gen 28:20; 1 Km 28:8 al.) J 19:2; Ac 12:8; Rv 19:13. The outer garment was laid off in order to leave the arms free Ac 7:58; 22:20; so perh. also vs. 23. It was torn as a sign of grief (oft. LXX) 14:14, and removed from a person who was to be flogged 16:22.

③ Certain pass. fall betw. 1 and 2; they speak of τὰ ἱμάτια, but involve only one person, who obviously is doing someth. to one outer garment (Mussies 83): ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱ. αὐτοῦ Mt 26:65 (cp. Gen 37:29, 34; Josh 7:6; Jdth 14:16 al.). Cp. J 13:4, 12; Ac 18:6.—B 3:4 ἱμάτια is an uncertain rdg.: v.l. ἰάματα; it is a quot. fr. Is 58:8 (s. the variants there, ed. JZiegler).—Dalman, Arbeit V ’37. BHHW II 962–65. B. 395; 416. DELG s.v. ἕννυμι. M-M. TW.

ὄνομα, ατος, τό (Hom.+).

① proper name of an entity, name

ⓐ gener. τῶν ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματα ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2; cp. Rv 21:14. τῶν παρθένων τὰ ὀν. Hs 9, 15, 1. τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρός Lk 1:59. ὄν. μοι, sc. ἐστίν, my name is (Od. 9, 366) Mk 5:9b. τί ὄν. σοι; what is your name? vs. 9a; w. copula Lk 8:30.—The expressions ᾧ (ᾗ) ὄν., οὗ τὸ ὄν., καὶ τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ (αὐτῆς), ὄν. αὐτῷ (parenthetic) are almost always without the copula (B-D-F §128, 3; Rob. 395): ᾧ (ᾗ) ὄν. (Sb 7573, 13 [116 A.D.]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac.; Just., A I, 53, 8 ᾧ ὄν. Λώτ) Lk 1:26, 27a; 2:25; 8:41; 24:13, 18 v.l.; Ac 13:6.—οὗ τὸ ὄν. (without a verb as BGU 344, 1) Mk 14:32. Cp. ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς Phil 4:3 (ὧν τὰ ὀν. is a formula [Dssm., LO 95=LAE 121]. S. esp. BGU 432 II, 3 ὧν τὰ ὀν. τῷ βιβλιδίῳ δεδήλωται).—καὶ τὸ ὄν. αὐτῆς Lk 1:5b. καὶ τὸ ὄν. τῆς παρθένου Μαριάμ vs. 27b.—ὄν. αὐτῷ (Demosth. 32, 11 Ἀριστοφῶν ὄνομʼ αὐτῷ; Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4; Aelian, NA 8, 2 γυνὴ … Ἡρακληὶς ὄν. αὐτῇ; LXX) J 1:6; 3:1. ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ (i.e. τοῦ ἵππου), ὄν. αὐτῷ (ὁ) θάνατος Rv 6:8; cp. 9:11a.—W. the copula ἦν δὲ ὄν. τῷ δούλῳ Μάλχος J 18:10 (POxy 465, 12 ὁ δὲ κραταιὸς αὐτοῦ, ὄν. αὐτῷ ἐστιν Νεβύ, μηνύει; Jos., Ant. 19, 332). ἄγγελος …, οὗ τὸ ὄν. ἐστιν Θεγρί Hv 4, 2, 4.—The dat. is quite freq. ὀνόματι named, by name (X., Hell. 1, 6, 29 Σάμιος ὀνόματι Ἱππεύς; Tob 6:11 BA; 4 Macc 5:4; Just., D. 85, 6; 115, 3; B-D-F §160; 197; Rob. 487) ἄνθρωπον ὀν. Σίμωνα Mt 27:32; cp. Mk 5:22; Lk 1:5a; 5:27; 10:38; 16:20; 23:50; 24:18; Ac 5:1, 34; 8:9; 9:10–12, 33, 36; 10:1; 11:28; 12:13; 16:1, 14; 17:34; 18:2, 7, 24; 19:24; 20:9; 21:10; 27:1; 28:7; MPol 4. Also the acc. τοὔνομα (on the crasis s. B-D-F §18; Mlt-H. 63; FPreisigke, Griech. Urkunden des ägypt. Mus. zu Kairo [1911] 2, 6 γυνὴ Ταμοῦνις τοὔνομα; Diod S 2, 45, 4 πόλιν τοὔνομα Θ.; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 3; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 68; Jos., Ant. 7, 344, Vi. 382) named, by name (the acc. as X. et al., also 2 Macc 12:13; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac. υἱὸν ὄ. Δάν.—B-D-F §160; Rob. 487) Mt 27:57. (Cp. ὄν. gener. as ‘mode of expression’ εἰ καὶ διάφορα ὀνόματα ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ … οἰκείαν … δέχεται τὴν νόησιν although there are various ways of expressing it, it nevertheless has a definite sense Did., Gen. 86, 22 [of various metaphors and images for the soul].)

ⓑ used w. verbs

α. as their obj.: ὄν. ἔχειν Did., Gen. 29, 6 bear the name or as name, be named ὄν. ἔχει Ἀπολλύων Rv 9:11b (in this case the name Ἀ. stands independently in the nom.; B-D-F §143; Rob. 458). καλεῖν τὸ ὄν. τινος w. the name foll. in the acc. (after the Hb.; B-D-F §157, 2; Rob. 459) καλέσεις τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν you are to name him Jesus Mt 1:21; Lk 1:31.—Mt 1:25. καλέσεις τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννην Lk 1:13. καλέσουσιν τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). διδόναι GJs 6:2. Pass. w. the name in the nom. (cp. GrBar 6:10 Φοῖνιξ καλεῖται τὸ ὄν. μου) ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦς Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 19:13. Also τὸ ὄν. τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγεται ὁ ῎ Αψινθος Rv 8:11.—ἐπιθεῖναι ὄν. τινι w. acc. of the name Mk 3:16f; cp. 12:8f; κληρονομεῖν ὄν. receive a name Hb 1:4=1 Cl 36:2. κληροῦσθαι τὸ αὐτὸ ὄν. obtain the same name (s. κληρόω 2) MPol 6:2.—τὰ ὀν. ὑμῶν ἐγγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς Lk 10:20.—Rv 13:8; 17:8. ἐξαλείψω τὸ ὄν. αὐτῶν 1 Cl 53:3 (Dt 9:14); Rv 3:5a (perh. to be placed in 4 below); s. ἐξαλείφω.

β. in another way (εἰ δέ τις ὀνόματι καλέσει but if anyone is so named Hippol., Ref. 6, 20, 2): ὸ̔ς καλεῖται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ who is so named Lk 1:61. ἀνὴρ ὀνόματι καλούμενος Ζακχαῖος a man whose name was Zacchaeus 19:2. καλεῖν τι (i.e. παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί τινος name someone after someone 1:59. Cp. IMg 10:1. This leads to

ⓒ used w. prepositions: ἐξ ὀνόματος (Ctesias, Ind. p. 105 M.: Diod S 13, 15, 1; 37, 15, 2; Appian, Mithrid. 59, §243, Bell. Civ. 3, 21 §77; 4, 73 §310; PGM 4, 2973; Jos., Ant. 2, 275) by name, individually, one by one (so that no one is lost in the crowd) ἐξ ὀν. πάντας ζήτει IPol 4:2. ἀσπάζομαι πάντας ἐξ ὀνόματος 8:2. πάντες ἐξ ὀν. συνέρχεσθε (parallel to κατʼ ἄνδρα) IEph 20:2.—κατʼ ὄν. by name, individually (Diod S 16, 44, 2; Gen 25:13; EpArist 247; Jos., Bell. 7, 14) J 10:3 (New Docs 3, 77f; animals called individually by name: Ps.-Aristot., Mirabil. 118.—HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT ’46, 74). Esp. in greetings (BGU 27, 18 [II A.D.] ἀσπάζομαι πάντας τοὺς φιλοῦντάς σε κατʼ ὄν.; POxy 1070, 46; pap in Dssm., LO 160/1, ln. 14f [LAE 193, ln. 15, note 21]; New Docs 3, 77f) 3J 15; ISm 13:2b. ῥάβδους ἐπιγεγραμμένας ἑκάστης φυλῆς κατʼ ὄν. staffs, each one inscribed with the name of a tribe 1 Cl 43:2b.

ⓓ used in combination with God and Jesus. On the significance of the Divine Name in history of religions s. FGiesebrecht, Die atl. Schätzung des Gottesnamens 1901; Bousset, Rel.³ 309ff; ADieterich, Eine Mithrasliturgie 1903, 110ff; FConybeare, JQR 8, 1896; 9, 1897, esp. 9, 581ff; JBoehmer, Das bibl. ‘im Namen’ 1898, BFCT V 6, 1901, 49ff, Studierstube 2, 1904, 324ff; 388ff; 452ff; 516ff; 580ff; BJacob, Im Namen Gottes 1903;WHeitmüller, ‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903; WBrandt, TT 25, 1891, 565ff; 26, 1892, 193ff; 38, 1904, 355ff; RHirzel, Der Name: ASG 36, 2, 1918; Schürer III⁴ 409–11; HObbink, De magische betekenis van den naam inzonderheid in het oude Egypte 1925; OGrether, Name u. Wort Gottes im AT ’34; HHuffman, Name: 1148–52.—The belief in the efficacy of the name is extremely old; its origin goes back to the most ancient times and the most primitive forms of intellectual and religious life. It has exhibited an extraordinary vitality. The period of our lit. also sees—within as well as without the new community of believers—in the name someth. real, a piece of the very nature of the personality whom it designates, expressing the person’s qualities and powers. Accordingly, names, esp. holy names, are revered and used in customary practices and ritual (σέβεσθαι θεῶν ὀνόματα Theoph. Ant., 1, 9 [p. 76, 7]), including magic. In Israelite tradition the greatest reverence was paid to the holy name of God and to its numerous paraphrases or substitutes; the names of angels and patriarchs occupied a secondary place. The syncretistic practices of the period revered the names of gods, daemons, and heroes, or even magic words that made no sense at all, but had a mysterious sound. The Judeo-Christians revere and use the name of God and, of course, the name of Jesus. On magic in Jewish circles, s. Schürer III 342–79; for the NT period in general s. MSmith, Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark ’73, 195–230.—The names of God and Jesus

α. in combination w. attributes: διαφορώτερον ὄν. a more excellent name Hb 1:4=1 Cl 36:2 (διάφορος 2). ἅγιον τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Lk 1:49 (cp. Ps 110:9; Lev 18:21; 22:2; PGM 3, 570; 627; 4, 1005; 3071; 5, 77; 13, 561 μέγα κ. ἅγιον). τὸ μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ ἅγιον ὄν. αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 64; τὸ μέγα καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. Hv 4, 1, 3; 4, 2, 4 (on ἔνδοξον ὄν., cp. EPeterson, Εἷ θεός 1926, 282.—ὄν. μέγα κ. ἅγ. κ. ἔνδ.: PGM 13, 183f; 504f). τὸ μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. Hs 9, 18, 5; τὸ πανάγιον καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. 1 Cl 58:1a; τοῦ παντοκράτορος καὶ ἐνδόξου ὄν. Hv 3, 3, 5; τὸ πανάρετον ὄν. 1 Cl 45:7; τῷ παντοκράτορι καὶ ἐνδόξῳ ὀνόματι 60:4; τὸ ὁσιώτατον τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ ὄν. 58:1b. τὸ ὄν. μου θαυμαστὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι D 14:3 (cp. Mal 1:14). The words ὄν. θεοπρεπέστατον IMg 1:2 are difficult to interpret (s. Hdb. ad loc.; θεοπρεπής b).

β. in combination w. verbs: ἁγιάζειν τὸ ὄν. Mt 6:9 (AFridrichsen, Helligt vorde dit naun: DTT 8, 1917, 1–16). Lk 11:2; D 8:2 (ἁγιάζω 3). βλασφημεῖν (q.v. bγ) τὸ ὄν. Rv 13:6; 16:9; pass. βλασφημεῖται τὸ ὄν. (Is 52:5) Ro 2:24; 2 Cl 13:1f, 4; ITr 8:2. βλασφημίας ἐπιφέρεσθαι τῷ ὀν. κυρίου bring blasphemy upon the name of the Lord 1 Cl 47:7. πφοσέθηκαν κατὰ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου βλασφημίαν Hs 6, 2, 3; βεβηλοῦν τὸ ὄν. 8, 6, 2 (s. βεβηλόω). ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄν. τ. ἀδελφοῖς μου Hb 2:12 (cp. Ps 21:23). ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄν. μου ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ Ro 9:17 (Ex 9:16). δοξάζειν τὸ ὄν. (σου, τοῦ κυρίου, τοῦ θεοῦ etc.) Rv 15:4; 1 Cl 43:6; IPhld 10:1; Hv 2, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3; 4, 1, 3; Hs 9, 18, 5 (s. δοξάζω 1; cp. GJs 7:2; 12:1[w. ref. to name of Mary]). ὅπως ἐνδοξασθῇ τὸ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ 2 Th 1:12. ἐλπίζειν τῷ ὀν. Mt 12:21 (vv.ll. ἐν or ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν.; the pass. on which it is based, Is 42:4, has ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν.). ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸ ὄν. κυρίου (as PsSol 6:1) or αὐτοῦ, σου etc. (w. ref. to God or Christ) call on the name of the Lord Ac 2:21 (Jo 3:5); 9:14, 21; 22:16; Ro 10:13 (Jo 3:5); 1 Cor 1:2. ψυχὴ ἐπικεκλημένη τὸ μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ ἅγιον ὄν. αὐτοῦ a person who calls upon his exalted and holy name 1 Cl 64.—Pass. πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄν. μου ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12). τὸ καλὸν ὄν. τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς Js 2:7 (on καλὸν ὄν. cp. Sb 343, 9 and the Pompeian graffito in Dssm., LO 237 [LAE 276]). πάντες οἱ ἐπικαλούμενοι τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ all those who are called by (the Lord’s) name Hs 9, 14, 3; cp. οἱ κεκλημένοι τῷ ὀν. κυρίου those who are called by the name of the Lord 8, 1, 1. ἐπαισχύνεσθαι τὸ ὄν. κυρίου τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐπʼ αὐτούς be ashamed of the name that is named over them 8, 6, 4. ὁμολογεῖν τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ praise his name Hb 13:15 (cp. PsSol 15:2 ἐξομολογήσασθαι τῷ ὀνόματι σου). ὀνομάζειν τὸ ὄν. κυρίου 2 Ti 2:19 (Is 26:13). ψάλλειν τῷ ὀν. σου Ro 15:9 (Ps 17:50). οὐ μὴ λάβῃς ἐπὶ ματαίῳ τὸ ὄν. κυρίου 19:5 (Ex 20:7; Dt 5:11).—Although in the preceding examples the name is oft. practically inseparable fr. the being that bears it, this is perh. even more true of the foll. cases, in which the name appears almost as the representation of the Godhead, as a tangible manifestation of the divine nature (Quint. Smyrn. 9, 465 Polidarius, when healing, calls on οὔνομα πατρὸς ἑοῖο ‘the name of his father’ [Asclepius]; τοσοῦτον … δύναται τὸ ὄ. τοῦ Ἰησοῦ κατὰ τῶν δαιμόνων Orig., C. Cels. 1, 56, 11; Dt 18:7; 3 Km 8:16; Ps 68:37; Zech 13:2 ἐξολεθρεύσω τὰ ὀν. τῶν εἰδώλων; Zeph 1:4; PsSol 7:6; Just., D. 121, 3 ὑποτάσσεσθαι αὐτοῦ ὀν.): the ‘name’ of God is ἀρχέγονον πάσης κτίσεως 1 Cl 59:3. Sim. τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ μέγα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸν κόσμον ὅλον βαστάζει Hs 9, 14, 5. λατρεύειν τῷ παναρέτῳ ὀν. αὐτοῦ worship the most excellent name (of the Most High) 1 Cl 45:7. ὑπακούειν τῷ παναγίῳ καὶ ἐνδόξῳ ὀν. αὐτοῦ be obedient to his most holy and glorious name 58:1a. ὑπήκοον γενέσθαι τῷ παντοκρατορικῷ καὶ παναρέτῳ ὀν. 60:4. κηρύσσειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 9, 16, 5. ἐπιγινώσκειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ 9, 16, 7. φοβεῖσθαι τὸ ὄν. σου Rv 11:18. φανεροῦν τινι τὸ ὄν. σου J 17:6. γνωρίζειν τινὶ τὸ ὄν. σου vs. 26. πιστεύειν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ believe in the name of (God’s) son 1J 3:23. Also πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄν. (s. γב below and s. πιστεύω 2aβ).—Of the name borne by followers of Jesus Christ (cp. Theoph. Ant. 1, 1 [p. 58, 13]): κρατεῖς τὸ ὄν. μου you cling to my name Rv 2:13. The same mng. also holds for the expressions: λαμβάνειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Hs 9, 12, 4; 8; 9, 13, 2a; 7. τοῦ βαστάσαι τὸ ὄν. μου ἐνώπιον ἐθνῶν to bear my name before (the) Gentiles Ac 9:15. τὸ ὄν. ἡδέως βαστάζειν bear the name gladly Hs 8, 10, 3; cp. 9, 28, 5b. τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ φορεῖν 9, 13, 3; 9, 14, 5f; 9, 15, 2; cp. 9, 13, 2b. Christians receive this name at their baptism: πρὶν φορέσαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ νεκρός ἐστιν before a person bears the name of God’s Son (which is given the candidate at baptism), he is dead 9, 16, 3. Of dissemblers and false teachers ὄν. μὲν ἔχουσιν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς πίστεως κενοί εἰσιν they have the (Christian) name, but are devoid of faith 9, 19, 2. Of Christians in appearance only ἐν ὑποκρίσει φέροντες τὸ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου who bear the Lord’s name in pretense Pol 6:3. δόλῳ πονηρῷ τὸ ὄν. περιφέρειν carry the name about in wicked deceit (evidently of wandering preachers) IEph 7:1. τὸ ὄν. ἐπαισχύνονται τοῦ κυρίου αὐτῶν they are ashamed of their Lord’s name Hs 9, 21, 3. More fully: ἐπαισχύνονται τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ φορεῖν 9, 14, 6.

γ. used w. prepositions

א. w. διά and the gen. διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου πιστεύειν PtK 3 p. 15 ln. 12; σωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ ἐνδόξου ὀν. be saved through the great and glorious name Hv 4, 2, 4. εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ (τοῦ θεοῦ) Hs 9, 12, 5. ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν λαβεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀν. αὐτοῦ Ac 10:43 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4 al.). σημεῖα … γίνεσθαι διὰ τοῦ ὀν. … Ἰησοῦ by the power of the name 4:30. Differently παρακαλεῖν τινα διὰ τοῦ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου appeal to someone by the name (= while calling on the name) of the Lord 1 Cor 1:10.—W. διά and the acc. μισούμενοι … διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου hated on account of my name (i.e., because you bear it) Mt 10:22; 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17 (Just., A I, 4, 2 al.). ποιεῖν τι εἴς τινα διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου J 15:21. ἀφέωνται ὑμῖν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι διὰ τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ your sins are forgiven on account of (Jesus’) name 1J 2:12. βαστάζειν διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου bear (hardship) for my name’s sake Rv 2:3 (s. βαστάζω 2bβ). πάσχειν διὰ τὸ ὄν. (also w. a gen. like αὐτοῦ) Pol 8:2; Hv 3, 2, 1b; Hs 9, 28, 3.

ב. w. εἰς: somet. evidently as rendering of rabb. לְשֵׁם with regard to, in thinking of δέχεσθαί τινα εἰς ὄν. Ἰ. Χρ. receive someone in deference to Jesus Christ IRo 9:3. δύο ἢ τρεῖς συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄν. two or three gathered and thinking of me, i.e., so that I am the reason for their assembling Mt 18:20; but here the other mng. (s. ג below) has had some influence: ‘while naming’ or ‘calling on my name’. τῆς ἀγάπης ἧς ἐνεδείξασθε εἰς τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ (i.e. θεοῦ) Hb 6:10 is either the love that you have shown with regard to him, i.e. for his sake, or we have here the frequently attested formula of Hellenistic legal and commercial language (s. Mayser II/2 p. 415; Dssm. B 143ff, NB 25, LO 97f [BS 146f; 197; LAE 121]; Heitmüller, op. cit. 100ff; FPreisigke, Girowesen im griech. Ägypt. 1910, 149ff. On the LXX s. Heitmüller 110f; JPsichari, Essai sur le Grec de la Septante 1908, 202f): εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τινος to the name=to the account (over which the name stands). Then the deeds of love, although shown to humans, are dedicated to God.—The concept of dedication is also highly significant, in all probability, for the understanding of the expr. βαπτίζειν εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τινος. Through baptism εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τ. those who are baptized become the possession of and come under the dedicated protection of the one whose name they bear. An additional factor, to a degree, may be the sense of εἰς τὸ ὄν.=‘with mention of the name’ (cp. Herodian 2, 2, 10; 2, 13, 2 ὀμνύναι εἰς τὸ ὄν. τινος; Cyranides p. 57, 1 εἰς ὄν. τινος; 60, 18=εἰς τὸ ὄν. τ.; 62, 13. Another ex. in Heitmüller 107): Mt 28:19; Ac 8:16; 19:5; D 7:1, (3); 9:5; Hv 3, 7, 3; cp. 1 Cor 1:13, 15. S. βαπτίζω 2c and Silva New, Beginn. I/5, ’33, 121–40.—πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄν. τινος believe in the name of someone i.e. have confidence that the person’s name (rather in the sense of a title, cp. Phil 2:9) is rightfully borne and encodes what the person really is J 1:12; 2:23; 3:18; 1J 5:13.

ג. with ἐν: ἐν ὀνόματι of God or Jesus means in the great majority of cases with mention of the name, while naming or calling on the name (PsSol 11:8; JosAs 9:1; Just., D. 35, 2 al.; no corresponding use has been found in gener. Gk. lit.; but cp. ἐν ὀν. τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ ὑψίστου θεοῦ Hippol., Ref. 9, 15, 6.—Heitmüller p. 13ff, esp. 44; 49). In many pass. it seems to be a formula. ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Mk 9:38; 16:17; Lk 9:49. τὰ δαιμόνια ὑποτάσσεται ἡμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. σου the demons are subject to us at the mention of your name 10:17. ποιεῖν τι ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ac 4:7; cp. Col 3:17. Perh. J 10:25 (but s. below). ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ … οὗτος παρέστηκεν ὑγιής Ac 4:10. ὄν. … ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς vs. 12. παραγγέλλω σοι ἐν ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. 16:18; cp. 2 Th 3:6; IPol 5:1. σοὶ λέγω ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 14:10 D. Peter, in performing a healing, says ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ Χρ. περιπάτει 3:6 (s. Heitmüller 60). The elders are to anoint the sick w. oil ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου while calling on the name of the Lord Js 5:14.—Of prophets λαλεῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. κυρίου 5:10. παρρησιάζεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ speak out boldly in proclaiming the name of Jesus Ac 9:27f. βαπτίζεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χ. be baptized or have oneself baptized while naming the name of Jesus Christ Ac 2:38 v.l.; 10:48. At a baptism ἐν ὀν. χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ AcPl Ha 3, 32. αἰτεῖν τὸν πατέρα ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου (=Ἰησοῦ) ask the Father, using my name J 15:16; cp. 14:13, 14; 16:24, 26. W. the latter pass. belongs vs. 23 (ὁ πατὴρ) δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου (the Father) will give you, when you mention my name. τὸ πνεῦμα ὸ̔ πέμψει ὁ πατὴρ ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου the Spirit, whom the Father will send when my name is used 14:26. To thank God ἐν ὀν. Ἰησοῦ Χρ. while naming the name of Jesus Christ Eph 5:20. ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ that when the name of Jesus is mentioned every knee should bow Phil 2:10. χαίρετε, υἱοί, ἐν ὀν. κυρίου greetings, my sons, as we call on the Lord’s name 1:1. ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀν. κυρίου whoever comes, naming the Lord’s name (in order thereby to give evidence of being a Christian) D 12:1. ἀσπάζεσθαι ἐν ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. greet, while naming the name of J. Chr. w. acc. of pers. or thing greeted IRo ins; ISm 12:2. Receive a congregation ἐν ὀν. θεοῦ IEph 1:3. συναχθῆναι ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. meet and call on the name of the Lord Jesus=as a Christian congregation 1 Cor 5:4. μόνον ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. only (it is to be) while calling on the name of J. Chr. ISm 4:2.—Not far removed fr. these are the places where we render ἐν τῷ ὀν. with through or by the name (s. ἐν 4c); the effect brought about by the name is caused by its utterance ἀπελούσασθε, ἡγιάσθητε, ἐδικαιώθητε ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Χρ. 1 Cor 6:11. ζωὴν ἔχειν ἐν τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ (=Ἰησοῦ) J 20:31. τηρεῖν τινα ἐν τῷ ὀν. (θεοῦ) 17:11f.—ἐν τῷ ὀν. at the command (of), commissioned by ἔργα ποιεῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ πατρός J 10:25 (but s. above). ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ πατρός 5:43a; in contrast ἔρχ. ἐν τῷ ὀν. τῷ ἰδίῳ vs. 43b. εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀν. κυρίου 12:13 (Ps 117:26). The Ps-passage prob. has the same sense (despite Heitmüller 53f) in Mt 21:9; 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; 19:38.—OMerlier, Ὄνομα et ἐν ὀνόματι dans le quatr. Év.: RevÉtGr 47, ’34, 180–204; RBratcher, BT 14, ’63, 72–80.

ד. w. ἕνεκα (and the other forms of this word; s. ἕνεκα 1): of persecutions for one’s Christian faith ἀπάγεσθαι ἐπὶ βασιλεῖς ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. μου Lk 21:12. πάσχειν or ὑποφέρειν εἵνεκα τοῦ ὀνόματος Hv 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1; Hs 9, 28, 5. ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. (τοῦ) κυρίου v 3, 5, 2; Hs 9, 28, 6. ἀφιέναι οἰκίας … ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀν. for my name’s sake Mt 19:29. ἔκτισας τὰ πάντα ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. σου you created all things for your name’s sake, i.e. that God’s name might be praised for the benefits which the works of creation bring to humankind D 10:3.

ה. w. ἐπί and the dat.: ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τινος when someone’s name is mentioned or called upon, or mentioning someone’s name (LXX; En 10:2; Just., D. 39, 6; Ath. 23, 1; s. Heitmüller 19ff; 43ff; s. also 47ff; 52ff; 87ff) in the NT only of the name of Jesus, and only in the synoptics and Ac. ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου they will come using my name Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8. κηρύσσειν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν 24:47. λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τούτῳ to speak using this name Ac 4:17; 5:40. διδάσκειν 4:18; 5:28. ποιεῖν δύναμιν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου Mk 9:39. ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. σου ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Lk 9:49 v.l. ἐπὶ τῷ σῷ ὀν. τὰς θεραπείας ἐπετέλουν GJs 20:2 (codd.). Of the (spiritual) temple of God: οἰκοδομηθήσεται ναὸς θεοῦ ἐνδόξως ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. κυρίου the temple of God will be gloriously built with the use of the Lord’s name 16:6f, 8 (quot. of uncertain orig.). βαπτίζεσθαι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. Ac 2:38. Baptism is also referred to in καλεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ receive a name when the name of God’s son is named Hs 9, 17, 4. The words δέχεσθαι (παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου can also be classed here receive (a child) when my name is confessed, when I am called upon Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48 (s. Heitmüller 64); but s. also 3 below.—ἐπί w. acc.: πεποιθέναι ἐπὶ τὸ ὁσιώτατον τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ ὄν. have confidence in (the Lord’s) most sacred and majestic name 1 Cl 58:1b; ἐλπίζειν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄν. hope in the name (of the Lord) 16:8b.

ו. w. περί and the gen.: εὐαγγελίζεσθαι περὶ τοῦ ὀν. Ἰ. Χ. bring the good news about the name of J. Chr. Ac 8:12.—(W. acc.: ἔχομεν δέος τὸ ὄ. τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 48, 34).

ז. w. πρός and acc.: πρὸς τὸ ὄν. Ἰησοῦ … πολλὰ ἐναντία πρᾶξαι do many things in opposing the name of Jesus Ac 26:9.

ח. w. ὑπέρ and gen.: ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀν. (Ἰησοῦ) ἀτιμασθῆναι Ac 5:41. πάσχειν 9:16; Hs 9, 28, 2. Cp. Ac 15:26; 21:13. The activity of the apostles takes place ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀν. αὐτοῦ to the honor of (Jesus’) name Ro 1:5. Cp. 3J 7. Of thankful praying at the Lord’s Supper εὐχαριστοῦμεν σοι … ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἁγίου ὀν. σου, οὗ κατεσκήνωσας ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν we thank you … for your holy name, which you caused to dwell in our hearts D 10:2.

δ. ὄν. w. ref. to God or Christ not infreq. stands quite alone, simply the Name: Ac 5:41; Phil 2:9 (cp. Diod S 3, 61, 6); 3J 7; 2 Cl 13:1, 4; IEph 3:1; 7:1; IPhld 10:1; Hv 3, 2, 1; Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 13, 2; 9, 28, 3; 5.

② a person (Phalaris, Ep. 128; POxy 1188, 8 [13 A.D.]; BGU 113, 11; Jos., Ant. 14, 22; other exx. in Dssm., NB 24f [BS 196f]; LXX) τὸ ποθητόν μοι ὄν. my dear friend: Alce ISm 13:2; IPol 8:3; Crocus IRo 10:1. Pl. (PThéad 41, 10; PSI 27, 22; Num 1:18 al.) people Ac 1:15; Rv 3:4. ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων 11:13 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 72 K.=26 p. 523 D.: ὀνόματα δέκα ἀνδρῶν). This is prob. the place for περὶ λόγου καὶ ὀνομάτων καὶ νόμου about teaching and persons and (the) law Ac 18:15.

③ the classification under which one belongs, noted by a name or category, title, category (cp. Cass. Dio 38, 44; 42, 24 καὶ ὅτι πολλῷ πλείω ἔν τε τῷ σχήματι καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ τῆς στρατηγίας ὢν καταπράξειν ἤλπιζε=he hoped to effect much more by taking advantage of his praetorial apparel and title; ins: Sb 7541, 5 [II A.D.] Νύμφη ὄνομʼ ἐστί σοι; POxy 37 I, 17 [49 A.D.] βούλεται ὀνόματι ἐλευθέρου τὸ σωμάτιον ἀπενέγκασθαι=she claims to have carried off the infant on the basis of its being free-born; Jos., Ant. 12, 154 φερνῆς ὀνόματι; 11, 40; Just., A II, 6, 4 καὶ ἀνθρώπου καὶ σωτῆρος ὄνομα. Other exx. in Heitmüller 50); the possibility of understanding ὄν. as category made it easier for Greeks to take over rabb. לְשֵׁם (s. 1dγב above) in the sense with regard to a particular characteristic, then simply with regard to, for the sake of ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην εἰς ὄν. προφήτου whoever receives a prophet within the category ‘prophet’, i.e. because he is a prophet, as a prophet Mt 10:41a; cp. vss. 41b, 42.—ὸ̔ς ἂν ποτίσῃ ὑμᾶς ἐν ὀνόματι, ὄτι Χριστοῦ ἐστε whoever gives you a drink under the category that you belong to Christ, i.e. in your capacity as a follower of Christ Mk 9:41. εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀν. Χριστοῦ if you are reviled for the sake of Christ 1 Pt 4:14. δοξαζέτω τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ ὀν. τούτῳ let the person praise God in this capacity (=ὡς Χριστιανός) vs. 16. δέδεμαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. I am imprisoned for the sake of the Name IEph 3:1.—δέχεσθαι (παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου for my (name’s) sake Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48 (cp. Heitmüller 113. But s. 1dγה above).

④ recognition accorded a person on the basis of performance, (well-known) name, reputation, fame (Hom. et al.; 1 Ch 14:17; 1 Macc 8:12) φανερὸν ἐγένετο τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ his fame was widespread Mk 6:14. ὄν. ἔχειν (Pla., Apol. 38c, Ep. 2, 312c) w. ὅτι foll. have the reputation of Rv 3:1 perh. also 3:5 (s. 1bα; JFuller, JETS 26, ’83, 297–306).

⑤ name in terms of office held, office (POxy 58, 6) στασιαζουσῶν τ. φυλῶν, ὁποία αὐτῶν εἴη τῷ ἐνδόξῳ ὀνόματι κεκοσμημένη when the tribes were quarreling as to which one of them was to be adorned with that glorious office 1 Cl 43:2. τὸ ὄν. τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς the office of supervision 44:1.—B. 1263f. OEANE IV 91–96 on Mesopotamian practices. Schmidt, Syn. I 113–24. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὅπως (Hom.+)

① as adv. marker of the manner in which an event develops, how, that (B-D-F §300, 1; Rob. 985) w. the aor. ind. (Jos., Bell. 1, 6; 17) ὅπως τε παρέδωκαν αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς Lk 24:20; w. the pres. ind. (Pherecrates Com. [V B.C.], Fgm. 45 K.; Tat. 22, 2 ὅπως δεῖ μοιχεύειν) ὅπως κολάζονται 2 Cl 17:7. But here the mng. of ὅπως prob. shows a development analogous to that of πῶς in colloq. usage, which comes to resemble ὡς (so Lk 24:20 D)= ὅτι= that (X., Hier. 9, 1; Diod S 11, 46, 3; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 6, 2; BGU 846, 16 [II A.D.] γνοῦναι, ὅπως ὀφείλω=‘to know that I owe’; Dssm., LO 155, 26 [LAE 179, 28]; B-D-F §396; s. Rob. 1045).

② as a conj. marker expressing purpose for an event or state, (in order) that w. the subj. (the transition fr. 1 to 2 is observable SIG 741, 23), predom. the aor. (the fut. ind. [as early as Homer; freq. in V B.C. and later: Andocides 1, 43; Demosth. 19, 316; Herodas 7, 90; s. Meisterhans³-Schw. 255, 32; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 16 p. 398, 5 Jac.; Hero Alex. I 368, 23 ὅπ. κινήσει; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 4=Stone p. 58; TestJob 18:2; Jos., Ant. 11, 101] is given in several places as v.l. [e.g. Mt 26:59], but prob. should be changed everywhere to the aor. subj.).

ⓐ with numerous types of verbs (in order) that, neg. ὅπ. μή in order that … not (B-D-F §369; Rob. 985–87).

α. without ἄν (this is the rule) after a pres. (ApcSed 16:2; Ar. 9:6; Just., A I, 47, 6 al.) Mt 5:45 (impv.); 6:2, 5; Hb 9:15; 1 Pt 2:9; 2 Cl 9:6. After a perf. Ac 9:17; Hb 2:9; Lk 16:26 (w. μή). After the impf. Ac 9:24. After the aor. vss. 2, 12; 20:16 (w. μή); 25:26; Ro 9:17ab (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:29 (w. μή); Gal 1:4; 1 Cl 10:2; 35:4; after the aor. impv. (TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 12 [Stone p. 82]; TestReub 1:4; JosAs 24:5; after the aor. ptc. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.) Mt 2:8; 5:16; 6:4, 18 (w. μή); Ac 23:15, 23; 2 Cor 8:11 (here γένηται or ᾖ is to be supplied as the predicate of the ὅπως-clause); GJs 21:2 codd.; AcPlCor 2:16. After the plpf. J 11:57 (ὅπως is found only here in J, prob. for variety’s sake, since ἵνα is used a few words before). After the fut. Mt 23:35. In accord w. God’s purpose as revealed in Scripture, an event can be presented w. the formula (this or that has happened) ὅπ. πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τ. προφητῶν (and sim. exprs.) Mt 2:23; 8:17; 12:17 v.l.; 13:35.—Alternating w. ἵνα (s. also J 11:57 above) 2 Cor 8:14; Lk 16:27f (the ἵνα-clause gives the content of the plea; the ὅπως-clause gives the purpose of the gift requested; so also Ex 23:20; TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 10 [Stone p. 76]; ApcMos 29; Just., D. 108, 1); 2 Th 1:11f (the ἵνα-clause gives the content, the ὅπως-clause the purpose of the prayer).

β. with ἄν and the aor. subj. (B-D-F §369, 5; Rdm.² 194; Rob. 986; EHermann, Die Nebensätze in d. griech. Dialekten 1912, 276f; JKnuenz, De enuntiatis Graecorum finalibus 1913, 13ff; 26ff; Meisterhans³-Schw. 254; Mayser II/1 p. 254 f.—X., Cyr. 8, 3, 6 ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅπως ἂν οὕτω γένηται; Pla., Gorg. 523d; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.]; 438, 19; PMagd 23, 7; LXX) Mt 6:5 v.l.; Lk 2:35; Ac 3:20; 15:17 (Am 9:12 v.l.); Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6).

ⓑ more and more replacing the inf. after verbs of asking that (B-D-F §392, 1) αἰτέομαι (Jos., Ant. 19, 288) Ac 25:3. δέομαι (Ps.-Aeschines, Ep. 3, 1; Par Jer 7, 24; 32; ApcMos 9 al.; Jos., Ant. 7, 191; 9, 9) Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2; Ac 8:24 (w. μή). ἐρωτάω (PTebt 409, 4 ff [5 A.D.]) Lk 7:3; 11:37; Ac 23:20. παρακαλέω (Jos., Ant. 8, 143) Mt 8:34 (v.l. ἵνα). προσεύχομαι or εὔχομαι (cp. PGM 3, 107; Jon 1:6; Jos., Ant. 11, 17) Ac 8:15; Js 5:16. So perh. also Phlm 6, where ὅπ. could be thought of as depending on προσεύχομαι derived in sense fr. vs. 4, unless ὅπως here=ὥστε (Archimed. I p. 16, 18 Heiberg ὅπως γένηται τὸ ἐπίταγμα al.).—Likew. after verbs of deciding (LXX) συμβούλιον λαμβάνειν ὅπ. resolve to Mt 12:14; 22:15 (D πῶς), where many scholars prefer the transl. consult with a view to. Also συμβούλιον διδόναι ὅπ. Mk 3:6.—DELG s.v. πο-. M-M.

ὅτι (Hom.+) conjunction (B-D-F §396f; 408; 416; 470, 1 al.; Rob. 1032–36, al. [s. index]; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évang. 1927, 41ff) originally the neuter of ὅστις.

① marker of narrative or discourse content, direct or indirect, that. Used after verbs that denote mental or sense perception, or the transmission of such perception, or an act of the mind, to indicate the content of what is said, etc.

ⓐ after verbs of saying, indicating, etc.: ἀπαγγέλλω, ἀποκρίνομαι, δείκνυμι, δῆλόν (ἐστιν), διδάσκω, εἶπον, ἐμφανίζω, λέγω, μαρτυρέω, ὁμολογέω, φημί etc.; s. the entries in question. Likew. after verbs of swearing, affirming and corresponding formulae: μαρτύρομαι Ac 20:26; Gal 5:3. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι 2 Cor 1:23. ὀμνύω Rv 10:6. Cp. the sim. exprs. πιστὸς ὁ θεός 2 Cor 1:18. ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 1:20.—2 Cor 11:10. Cp. also φάσις … ὅτι Ac 21:31. αἱ γραφαὶ ὅτι the Scriptures (which state) that Mt 26:54.—On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41.

ⓑ after verbs that denote sense perception ἀκούω, θεάομαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 1); s. these entries.

ⓒ after verbs that denote mental perception ἀγνοέω, ἀναγινώσκω, βλέπω (perceive), γινώσκω, γνωστόν ἐστιν, ἐπιγινώσκω, ἐπίσταμαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 2a), καταλαμβάνω, μιμνῄσκομαι, μνημονεύω, νοέω, οἶδα, ὁράω (q.v. A4a), συνίημι, ὑπομιμνῄσκω; s. these entries. In Gal 1:11 ὅτι comes later in the sentence so as to permit the emphatic portion of the subordinate clause to come to the forefront.

ⓓ after verbs of thinking, judging, believing, hoping: δοκέω (q.v. 1d), ἐλπίζω (q.v. 2), κρίνω, λογίζομαι, νομίζω (q.v. 2), οἶμαι, πέπεισμαι, πέποιθα, πιστεύω (q.v. 1aβ), ὑπολαμβάνω; s. these entries. εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they held that John was a prophet Mk 11:32 (s. B-D-F §330; 397, 2; Rob. 1029; 1034).

ⓔ after verbs that denote an emotion and its expression ἀγανακτέω, ἐξομολογέομαι, ἐπαινέω, εὐχαριστέω, θαυμάζω, μέλει μοι, συγχαίρω, χαίρω, χάριν ἔχω τινί; s. these entries.

ⓕ Very oft. the subj. of the ὅτι-clause is drawn into the main clause, and becomes the object of the latter: ἐπεγίνωσκον αὐτοὺς ὅτι (=ὅτι αὐτοὶ) σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν Ac 4:13. οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι (=ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Σ.) ἐστὶν ἀπαρχή 1 Cor 16:15. Cp. Mt 25:24; Mk 12:34; J 8:54; 9:8; Ac 3:10; 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11); 1 Th 2:1; Rv 17:8. Somet. the subj. is repeated by a demonstrative pron. in the ὅτι-clause: ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 9:20.—Pass. εἰ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγήγερται (=εἰ κηρύσσεται ὅτι Χρ. ἐκ νεκ. ἐγ.) 1 Cor 15:12.

② marker of explanatory clauses, that

ⓐ as a substitute for the epexegetical inf. (acc. w. inf.) after a preceding demonstrative (B-D-F §394; cp. Rob. 1034) αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν the judgment consists in this, that the light has come J 3:19. ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία …, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν 1J 1:5. Cp. 3:16; 4:9, 10. ἐν τούτῳ …, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν ἡμῖν vs. 13; 5:11. περὶ τούτου … ὅτι about this …, that J 16:19. In ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι … Rv 2:4, ὅτι is epexegetical to a τοῦτο that remains unexpressed. Cp. vs. 6. Of the same order is the use

ⓑ in ellipses τί ὅτι; what (is it) that? why? Lk 2:49; Ac 5:4, 9; Mk 2:16 v.l. (JosAs 16:5).—οὐχ ὅτι (=οὐ λέγω ὅτι) not that, not as if J 6:46; 7:22; 2 Cor 1:24; 3:5; Phil 3:12; 4:11; 2Th 3:9 (so μὴ ὅτι PLond I 42, 43 p. 30 [II B.C.]). ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὅτι since it is not the case that IMg 3:2.—οὐχ οἷον ὅτι Ro 9:6 (s. οἷος).—ὅτι alone is used for εἰς ἐκεῖνο ὅτι with regard to the fact that, in consideration of the fact that (Gen 40:15; Ruth 2:13) ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος ὅτι; what sort of person is this, (in consideration of the fact) that? Mt 8:27 (but it is prob. that in this and sim. passages the causal force of ὅτι [s. 4 below] comes to the fore). τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὅτι; Lk 4:36. Cp. 16:3; Mk 4:41; J 2:18; 8:22; 9:17; 11:47; 16:9–11.—ὅτι = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι in that Ro 5:8. ὅτι = περὶ τούτου ὅτι concerning this, that Mt 16:8; Mk 8:17.—On ὅτι=why? (cp. Jos. Ant. 12, 213) Mk 9:11, 28 s. ὅστις 4b.

③ marker introducing direct discourse. In this case it is not to be rendered into English, but to be represented by quotation marks (ὅτι recitativum.—B-D-F §397, 5; 470, 1; EKieckers, IndogF 35, 1915, 21ff; Rob. 1027f. As early as Pla. [Apol. 23, 34 d.—Kühner-G. II, 366f]; Epict. 1, 9, 16; Arrian, Alex. An. 2, 12, 4; 2, 26, 4; 4, 8, 9; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 38 p. 40; POxy 744, 11 [1 B.C.]; 119, 10; 1064, 5; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 10 [Stone p. 18]; TestJob 6:7; 35:1; 36:3; ParJer 1:6; 2:7; ApcEsdr; AscIs 3:9; Jos. Ant. 11, 5; 18, 326, Vi. 55) ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ‘βλασφημεῖς’ ὅτι εἶπον J 10:36. ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι ‘οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς’ Mt 7:23. So after var. verbs of saying as direct discourse: Mt 26:72–75; 27:43; Mk 1:37; 2:16; 5:28; 12:29; 13:6 (JSundwall, Om bruket av ὅτι recit. i Mk: Eranos 31, ’33, 73–81; MZerwick, Untersuchgen z. Mk-Stil ’37, 39–48); Lk 1:25, 61 (PWinter, HTR 48, ’55, 213–16); 4:41a; 5:26; 15:27a; J 1:20, 32; 4:17; 6:42; 16:17; Ac 5:23; 15:1; Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §470, 1; Rob. 1033; AFridrichsen, ZNW 34, ’35, 306–8); 2 Th 3:10; 1J 4:20 al. Scripture quotations are also introduced in this way (Appian, Bell. Civ. 62 §260 a saying of Caesar in direct discourse is introduced by ὅτι): Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι ‘ἐάν τινος κτλ.’ Mk 12:19.—Mt 2:23; 21:16; Lk 2:23; J 10:34; Ro 8:36; 1 Cor 14:21; Hb 11:18.—On ὅτι foll. by the acc. and inf. in direct discourse Lk 4:43 s. 5a below.

④ marker of causality

ⓐ subordinating, because, since ὅτι ἑώρακάς με, πεπίστευκας J 20:29.—Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15); 5:3ff; 13:16; Mk 1:34; 5:9; Lk 4:41b; 6:20ff; 8:30; 10:13; 11:42ff; 13:2b; 15:27b; perh. 18:9 (TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 309); 19:17; J 1:30, 50a; 2:25; 3:18; 5:27; 9:16, 22; Ro 6:15; 1 Cor 12:15f. On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41 (opposes causal mng.).—Used w. demonstr. and interrog. pronouns διὰ τοῦτο … ὅτι for this reason …, (namely) that J 8:47; 10:17; 12:39; 1J 3:1 al. διὰ τί; ὅτι … why? because … Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. χάριν τίνος; ὅτι … for what reason? because … 1J 3:12. Foll. by διὰ τοῦτο because … for this reason J 15:19. οὐχ ὅτι … ἀλλʼ ὅτι not because … but because 6:26; 12:6.

ⓑ The subordination is oft. so loose that the transl. for recommends itself (B-D-F §456, 1; Rob. 962f). Naturally the line betw. the two groups cannot be drawn with certainty: Mt 7:13; 11:29; Lk 7:47 (on this pass. and 1J 3:14 s. Schwyzer II 646, w. ref. to Il. 16, 34f: ‘infer this from the fact that’); 9:12; 13:31; 16:24; J 1:16f; 9:16; 1 Cor 1:25; 4:9; 10:17; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:8, 14; 1J 3:14.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 70ff.

⑤ special uses

ⓐ ὅτι w. acc. and inf. after θεωρεῖν Ac 27:10 (on the mingling of constructions cp. POxy 237 V, 8 δηλῶν ὅτι … δεῖσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα; EpArist 125; schol. on Clem. of Alex., Protr. p. 296, 11f Stäh.—B-D-F §397, 6; Rob. 1036; Rdm.² 195; MArnim, De Philonis Byzantii dicendi genere, diss. Greifs-wald 1912, 88 [but s. on this Rdm.² 196, 1]). Less irregular is καὶ ὅτι w. a finite verb as the second member dependent on παρακαλεῖν after the inf. ἐμμένειν Ac 14:22.—S. also c, below and HCadbury, JBL 48, 1929, 412–25.

ⓑ ὡς ὅτι is found three times in Pauline letters and simply means ‘that’ in the later vernacular (exx. in Mlt. 212; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1033). But the subjective mng. of ὡς must be conceded for the NT, since the Vulgate renders ὡς ὅτι twice w. ‘quasi’ (2 Cor 11:21; 2 Th 2:2) and the third time (2 Cor 5:19) w. ‘quoniam quidem’: διʼ ἐπιστολῆς …, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου by a letter … (of such content) that (in the opinion of its writer) the day of the Lord is (now) here 2 Th 2:2. Paul says ironically: κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω, ὡς ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠσθενήκαμεν I must confess to my shame that we have conducted ourselves as weaklings (as I must concede when I compare my conduct w. the violent treatment you have had fr. others [vs. 20]) 2 Cor 11:21 (for the thought cp. Demosth. 18, 320: ‘I confess it. I am weak, but all the more loyal than you [Aeschines] to my fellow citizens’). Likew. 5:19; we are a new creation in Christ (vs. 17). This does not alter the fact that everything has its origin in God, who reconciled us w. himself through Christ (vs. 18), ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ that is (acc. to Paul’s own conviction), (that) it was God who was reconciling the world to himself in Christ.

ⓒ consecutive ὅτι so that (Pel.-Leg. p. 20 τί διδοῖς τοῖς ἀμνοῖς σου ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχουσιν;=what do you give your sheep so that they have eternal life? Acta Christophori p. 68, 18 Usener τοιοῦτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ θεοὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἐκινήθησαν. Gen 20:9; Judg 14:3; 1 Km 20:1; 3 Km 18:9) ποῦ οὗτος μέλλει πορεύεσθαι, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐχ εὑρήσομεν αὐτόν; J 7:35. τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; what has happened, so that (=to bring it about that) …? 14:22 (so Rob. 1001; difft. Rdm.² 196 and B-D-F §480, 6). This is prob. also the place for οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνάμεθα we have brought nothing into the world, so that (as a result) we can take nothing out of it 1 Ti 6:7. τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ; Hb 2:6 (Ps 8:5).—DELG. M-M.

ὑπομονή, ῆς, ἡ (ὑπομένω)

① the capacity to hold out or bear up in the face of difficulty, patience, endurance, fortitude, steadfastness, perseverance (Ps.-Pla., Def. 412c; Aristot., Stoics [Stoic. IV 150 index; Musonius; Epict.—PBarth, D. Stoa⁴ 1922, 119ff]; Polyb., Plut., LXX; PsSol 2:36; TestJob 1:5; TestJos; Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 16 al.; Just.; beside καρτερία Orig., C. Cels. 7, 55, 6; καθʼ ὑπομονὴν διὰ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 90, 17]) esp. as they are shown in the enduring of toil and suffering Lk 21:19; Rom 5:3f (on the ‘climax’ form of the saying cp. Maximus Tyr. 16, 3b τὴν ἀρετὴν διδόασιν οἱ λόγοι, τοὺς δὲ λόγους ἡ ἄσκησις, τὴν δὲ ἄσκησιν ἡ ἀλήθεια, τὴν δὲ ἀλήθειαν ἡ σχολή); 15:4f; 2 Cor 6:4; 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:4; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 3:10; Tit 2:2; Hb 10:36; Js 1:3f; 2 Pt 1:6ab; Rv 2:2f, 19; 1 Cl 5:5, 7; B 2:2; IEph 3:1; Hm 8:9; D 5:2. πᾶσα ὑπ. every kind of patience 2 Cor 12:12; Col 1:11. W. the subjective gen. ἡ ὑπ. Ἰώβ Js 5:11 (ACarr, The Patience of Job [Js 5:11]: Exp. 8th ser., 6, 1913, 511–17); αὐτοῦ (i.e. Χριστοῦ) the endurance that Christ showed Pol 8:2. Differently ἡ ὑπ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ a Christ-like fortitude, i.e. a fortitude that comes fr. association w. Christ 2 Th 3:5 (OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft des Pls im Lichte seines Genetivbrauchs 1924, 139f); cp. IRo 10:3 (s. also 2 below). W. the objective gen. ὑπ. ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ perseverance in doing what is right Ro 2:7 (Polyb. 4, 51, 1 ὑπ. τοῦ πολέμου). ὑπ. τῶν παθημάτων steadfast endurance of sufferings 2 Cor 1:6 (Ps.-Pla., Def. 412c ὑπ. λύπης; Plut., Pelop. 278 [1, 8] ὑπ. θανάτου; Jos., Ant. 2, 7 πόνων ὑπ.). ὁ λόγος τῆς ὑπομονῆς μου (λόγος 1aβ) Rv 3:10 (s. also 2 below). διʼ ὑπομονῆς with patience or fortitude Ro 8:25; Hb 12:1. διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς through his patient endurance MPol 19:2 (Just., A I, 16, 3). ἐν ὑπομονῇ (PsSol 2:36; TestJos 10:2) Lk 8:15 (LCerfaux, RB 64, ’57, 481–91). ὑπομένειν πᾶσαν ὑπομονήν practice endurance to the limit Pol 9:1. ὧδέ ἐστιν ἡ ὑπ. τῶν ἁγίων here is (an opportunity for) endurance on the part of the saints (Weymouth) Rv 13:10 (s. JSchmid, ZNW 43, ’50/51, 112–28); cp. 14:12. Text uncertain τὸν λόγον τ̣ῶ̣ν̣ ὑ[πο]μ̣ονῶν AcPl Ha 6, 11f.—WMeikle, The Vocabulary of ‘Patience’ in the OT: Exp. 8th ser., 19, 1920, 219–25, The Voc. etc. in the NT: ibid. 304–13; CSpicq, Patientia: RSPT 19, 1930, 95–106; AFestugière, RSR 21, ’31, 477–86; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 91f.

② the act or state of patient waiting for someone or someth., expectation (Ps 9:19; 61:6; 2 Esdr 10:2) Rv 1:9 (on ὑπ. ἐν Ἰησοῦ s. IHeikel, StKr 106, ’35, 317). Perh. (s. 1 above) 3:10 and 2 Th 3:5; IRo 10:3 might also be classed here (so. Lightf.).—RAC IX 658–65. DDenton notes a close connection w. ἐλπίς: SJT 34, ’81, 313–20. See ὑπομένω, end.—M-M.