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1 τροπή
A turn, turning:a ὅθι τροπαὶ ἠελίοιο apparently denotes a point on the horizon, prob. the West or place where the sum sets (so Eust.1787.20), Od.15.404.b each of two fixed points in the solar year, the solstices, first in Hes., at the time of the (winter) solstice, Op. ; μετὰ τροπὰς ἠελ. ib.564,663 (with [dialect] Dor. acc. pl. in - ᾰς); πεδὰ τὰς τροπάς Alcm.33.5
:—later the two solstices were distinguished as τροπαὶ θεριναί and χειμεριναί, Hdt.2.19, Th.7.16, Pl.Lg. 767c, Arist. HA 542b4 sqq., Gal.6.405, etc. (rarely in sg.,τροπὴ θερινή Arist.Mete. 364b2
, Gem.1.13; τ. χειμερινή ib.15);τροπαὶ νότιοι Arist.HA 542b11
; τ. βόρειοι, νότιοι, Plu.2.601a:—when τροπαί is used alone, it mostly refers to the winter solstice, but the sense is always determined by the context, v. Hes. ll. cc.; περὶ ἡλίου τροπάς (sc. χειμερινάς) Th.8.39;εὐθὺς ἐκ τροπῶν Arist.HA 542b20
:—sts. also of other heavenly bodies, Pl.Ti. 39d;περὶ Πλειάδος δύσιν καὶ τροπάς Arist.HA 542b23
, etc.;ἄστρων ἐπιτολάς, δύσεις, τροπάς Alex.30.5
;τροπὰς τῶν ἐνδεδεμένων ἄστρων Arist.Cael. 296b4
;τροπαὶ ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης Epicur.Ep.2p.40U.
:—sts. four in number (the two equinoxes and two solstices), S.E.M.5.11, Gal.17(1).22; so (on a sun-dial)θερινὴ τ., ἰσημερινὴ τ., χειμερινὴ τ., Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 12.236
([place name] Samos).2 turn, change, Arist.Pol. 1316a17;πλείους τραπόμενος τροπὰς τοῦ Εὐρίπου Aeschin. 3.90
; τ. πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον turn for the better, Phld.Rh.2.25S.;ὀξυτέρας τρεπόμενος τ. τοῦ χαμαιλέοντος Plu.Alc.23
;αἱ τοῦ κόλακος ὥσπερ πολύποδος τ. Id.2.52f
;αἱ τῶ αἵματος τ. καὶ ἀλλοιώσιες Ti.Locr.102c
; αἱ περὶ τὸν ἀέρα τ. changes in the air or weather, Plu.2.946f; of wine, a turning sour, ib.939f (cf. τροπίας); going bad, of food,τ. καὶ διαφθορὰ τῶν παρακειμένων Gal.19.208
; of phonetic change in language, A.D. Adv.210.4, Hdn.Gr.2.932.3 τροπαὶ λέξεως a change of speech by figures or tropes ([etym.] τρόποι), Luc.Dem.Enc.6, cf. Hermog.Inv.4.10, al.4 αἱ τροπαί, = αἱ τροπαῖαι, alternating winds, Arist.Pr. 940b16, 21, Thphr.CP2.3.1, Vent.26.II the turning about of the enemy, putting to flight or routing him, τροπήν (or τροπάς) τινος ποιεῖν or ποιεῖσθαι put one to flight, Hdt.1.30, Ar.Eq. 246 (troch.), Th.2.19, 6.69, etc.; οἵαν ἂν τροπὴν Εὐρυσθέως θείμην ( θείην codd.) E.Heracl. 743;τροπὴ γινομένη Hdt.7.167
, cf. Th.1.49,50, etc.: poet.,ἐν μάχης τροπῇ A.Ag. 1237
; ἐν τροπῇ δορός in the rout caused by the spear, S.Aj. 1275, E.Rh.82.IV a coin, Hsch.; cf. τροπαϊκόν. -
2 ῥυθμός
I measured motion, time, whether in sound or motion, Democr.15c; = ἡ τῆς κινήσεως τάξις, Pl.Lg. 665a, cf. 672e;ὁ ῥ. ἐκ τοῦ ταχέος καὶ βραδέος, ἐκ διενηνεγμένων πρότερον, ὕστερον δὲ ὁμολογησάντων γέγονε Id.Smp. 187b
, cf. Suid. s.v.; rhythm, opp. μέτρον and ἁρμονία, Ar. Nu. 638 sq., Pl.R. 397b, 398d, 601a, Arist.Rh. 1403b31;λόγοι μετὰ μουσικῆς καὶ ῥυθμῶν πεποιημένοι Isoc.15.46
; of Prose rhythm, Arist.Rh. 1408b29, D.H.Comp.17: defined by Aristox.Rhyth.1, Aristid.Quint.1.13.2 special phrases: ἐν ῥυθμῷ in time, of dancing, marching, etc.,βαίνειν ἐν ῥ. Pl.Lg. 670b
, cf. X.An.5.4.14;ὀρχεῖσθαι Id.Cyr.1.3.10
; ἐν τῷ ῥ. ἀναπνεῖν respire regularly, Arist.Pr. 882b1; soσωζόμενος ῥ. A.Ch. 797
(lyr.);μετὰ ῥυθμοῦ βαίνοντες Th.5.70
; ῥυθμὸν χορείας ὑπάγειν keep time, Ar.Th. 956 (lyr.); θάττονα ῥυθμὸν ἐπάγειν play in quicker time, X.Smp.2.22;πυρριχίῳ δρόμῳ καὶ ῥυθμῷ Hdn.4.2.9
, cf. Plb.4.20.6: pl., paces, Alcid.Soph. 17.II measure, proportion or symmetry of parts, at rest as well as in motion, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ῥ. Pl.Lg. 728e.III generally, proportion, arrangement, order,ῥυθμῷ τινι E.Cyc. 398
(codd., but θ' ἑνὶ is prob.); οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥυσμοῦ εἰκάζω not without reason, Call. Epigr.44.5.IV state or condition of anything, temper, disposition, Thgn.964 (coupled with ὀργή and τρόπος); οἷος ῥυσμὸς ἀνθρώπους ἔχει Archil.66.7
; ; μένει.. χρῆμ' οὐδὲν ἐν ταὐτῷ ῥ. Eup.356.V form, shape of a thing, Democr.5i; identified by Arist. with σχῆμα, Metaph. 985b16, 1042b14; μετέβαλον τὸν ῥ. τῶν γραμμάτων changed the form or shape of the letters, Hdt.5.58; of Chian boots, Hp.Art.62; of the shape of a cup, Alex.59; of a breastplate, X.Mem.3.10.10; [ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου] LXX 4 Ki.16.10;Αὐτονόας ῥ. ωὑτός Theoc.26.23
; so of the natural features of a country, D.P.271, 620; structure of a substance, κεγχροειδὲς τῷ ῥ., τῷ ῥ. σπογγῶδες, Dsc.5.77,118.VI manner, fashion of a thing,Ἕλλην ῥ. πέπλων E.Heracl. 130
; τίνι ῥ. φόνου; by what kind of slaughter? Id.El. 772, cf. Supp.94; ἐν τριγώνοις ῥυθμοῖς triangular- wise, A.Fr.78. [[pron. full] ῠ by nature, A.Ch. 797 (lyr.), E.Supp.94, etc.; [pron. full] ῡ by position in Thgn.964, etc.]
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