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1 σκοπέω
σκοπ-έω, used by early writers only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. (v. infr. 11), the other tenses being supplied by σκέπτομαι (q.v.):—but in later writers we find [tense] fut. σκοπήσω, Anon.Prog. in Rh.1.615 W., Gal.UP3.10 (f.l.), ([etym.] ἐπι-) Babr. 103.8, ([etym.] κατα-) Hld.5.4: [tense] aor.Aἐσκόπησα Thphr.Sign.1
([etym.] προ-), Plb. Fr.54 (s.v.l.) ([etym.] περι-), Lib.Or.12.28, etc.: and of [voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐσκοπησάμην ([etym.] περι-) Luc.VH1.32: [tense] pf. ἐσκόπημαι ([etym.] προαν-) J.AJ17.5.6: (cf. σκέπτομαι):—behold, contemplate (rather of particulars than of universals, of which θεωρέω is more commonly used, butοἱ τὸν ἥλιον ἐκλείποντα θεωροῦντες καὶ σκοπούμενοι Pl.Phd. 99d
),ἄστρον Pi.O.1.5
; , cf. E.IA 490; ;τὰ ἔμπροσθεν X.An.6.3.14(17)
; examine, inspect,καταθεῖναί τι.. σκοπεῖν τῷ βουλομένῳ IG 12(5).480
(Athenian law, v B.C.);σ. παραγραφάς PLips. 38 ii 2
(iv A.D.): abs., ἄλλοσε ς. S.El. 1474; σκοπεῖτε look out, watch, A.Supp. 232, etc.: folld. by a clause,σ. ὅπου.. S.Ph.16
;σ. ποῦ.. X.Cyr.3.2.1
, etc.: folld. by a Prep.,σ. εἰς.. E.Fr.812.6
, Pl.Plt. 305b.2 metaph., look to or into, consider, examine, τὰ ἑωυτοῦ ς. look to one's own affairs, Hdt.1.8;τὸ σεαυτοῦ Pl.Phdr. 232d
;τὸ ὑμέτερον Antipho 4.2.8
;καιρόν Th.4.23
;τὸ συμφέρον Pl.R. 342b
sq.;τὸ πρὸς ποσί S.OT 130
; τοὺς νόμους πρὸς τοὺς τῇδε with reference to the laws here, Pl.Ti. 24a;τι πρὸς ἐμαυτόν Id.Euthphr.9c
: abs.,σκοπῶν εὕρισκον ἴασιν S.OT68
, cf. Ph. 282: folld. by an acc. and interrog. clause, orμή.., σ. τὴν τελευτὴν κῇ ἀποβήσεται Hdt.1.32
, cf. S.Ph. 506, OT 407: folld. by an interrog. clause alone,σ. πόθεν χρὴ ἄρξασθαι And.1.8
;σ. εἰ.. S.Ant.41
, Pl.Lg. 862a ([voice] Med.);ὅπως.. X.Cyr.2.2.26
: sts. c. gen. pers. as well as acc. or clause,σκόπει δὴ τόδε αὐτῶν Pl.Tht. 182a
;πρῶτον αὐτῶν ἐσκόπει πότερα.. X.Mem.1.1.12
: folld. by a Prep., , cf. 1.1, X.An.3.1.13;πρὸς τὸ ἄρχειν σκοπῶν λογίζομαι Id.Cyr.1.6.8
;σ. τὰ λοιπὰ πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτούς Antipho 1.31
; ; τόδε περὶ αὐτοῦ ib. 351b, etc.;τὴν ὀρθολογίαν περί τι Id.Sph. 239b
: with Adv., abs., ὀρθῶς ς. E.Ph. 155; ; .3 look out for,παῦλαν X.An.5.7.32
;τι ἀγαθόν Id.Hier.9.10
;νεώσοικον Ar.Ach.96
;ἐσκόπει γυναῖκά μοι Is.2.18
, cf. D.Ep.2.11;σ. ὄνομα κάλλιον αὐτῇ Plu.2.991f
.II [voice] Med., used like [voice] Act. 1.1 (perh. implying a more deliberate consideration), c. acc., E.IT 68, Hel. 1537; .2 = 1.2, S.OT 964;σ. τύχας βροτῶν E.Fr. 262
: folld. by relat.,σ. τίνι τρόπῳ.. Pl.Smp. 176b
, cf. Th.8.48:περί τινος Pl.Prt. 353a
, X.Hier. 1.10: abs.,ἔνεστι τοῖσιν εὖ σκοπουμένοις ταρβεῖν.. S.Tr. 296
.3 = 1.3,ὅτανπερ ἀδικεῖν ἐπιχειρῶσιν, ἅμα καὶ τὴν ἀπολογίαν σκοποῦνται Isoc.21.17
.III rarely in [voice] Pass., σκοπῶν καὶ σκοπούμενος ὑπ' ἄλλων considering and being considered, Pl.Lg. 772d; ὁ λόγος.. αἰσχρὸς τοῖς σκοπουμένοις is disgraceful in the very matter considered, D.20.54 (s.v.l., τοῖς ς. secl. Dobree). -
2 σκέπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to look around, to look back, to spy, to contemplate, to consider, to survey' (Il; Att. has fo it σκοπέω, - έομαι; s. below)Other forms: Aor. σκέψασθαι (Od.), fut. σκέψομαι, perf. ἔσκεμμαι (IA.), aor. pass. σκεφθῆναι (Hp.), σκεπ-ῆναι w. fut. - ήσομαι (LXX).Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: 1. σκέψις ( ἐπί-, κατά- σκέπτομαι a.o.) `contemplation, deliberation, examination' (IA.). 2. σκέμ-μα (rarely w. δια- a. o.) `examination, problem' (Hp., Pl. a. o.). 3. σκεπτ-οσύνη f. = σκέψις (Timo, Cerc.). 4. - ήριον n. `test' (Man.). 5. - ικός ( ἐπι-, δια- σκέπτομαι) `cogitating, revising', οἱ σκέπτομαι name of a philos. sect (hell. a. late). B. With ο-ablaut: 1. σκοπός m. (f.) `spy, guard, scout; goal, purpose' (Il.) with hypostases: ἐπί-σκοπος, adv. -α `hitting the goal' (Hdt., trag., late), ἀπό-σκοπος `missing the goal' (Emp.); σκόπ-ιμος `purposive, appropriate' (late; Arbenz 97); as 2. member, e.g. οἰωνο-σκόπος m. `bird-watcher' with - έω, - ία, - ικός, - εῖον (E., hell. a. late). 2. To the prefixcompp.: ἐπί-, κατά-, πρό-σκοπος m. `spy, supervisor, foresighted etc.' (Hom., Pi., IA.). 3. σκοπή ( κατα-, ἐπι- a. o.) f., the spying, watch-tower' (Att. etc.) with σκοπάω (Ar. Fr. 854). 4. σκοπιά, Ion. - ιή f. `mountain-, castle-watching-place, mountain-summit, watch-tower' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose; favoured by the metre, Scheller Oxytonierung 82 f.) with σκοπ-ιήτης m. `summit dweller' = Πάν (Paus.), - ιάζω ( ἀπο-) `to spy, to look out' (ep. Il.), - ιάομαι `to percieve' (Il.; only w. δια-). 5. σκοπέω, - έομαι iterat.-intensive to σκέπτομαι (Pi., IA.), non-pres. forms late: σκοπ-ῆσαι, - ήσασθαι, - ήσω, - ήσομαι, ἐσκόπημαι. 6. σκοπεύω ( κατα-, ἀπο-, ἐπι-), prob. second. for σκοπέω (Schwyzer 732; X., LXX, pap. etc.) with σκόπ-ευσις, - ευτής (Aq.), - εῖα n. pl. (Procl.). -- S. also σκόπελος and σκώψ.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [984] *speḱ- `see sharply, spy'Etymology: As old yot-present σκέπτομαι stands with metathesis (Schwyzer 268) for *σπέκ-ι̯ομαι, which is identical with Lat. speciō, Av. spasyeiti and (except for anl. s-) with Skt. páśyati `see'. The aor. σκέψασθαι too can in the same way be identified with Lat. spexī ; in both cases we have however to do with innovations against the suppletive Skt. ádarśam, 3. pl. ádr̥śan (s. δέρκομαι). Through the iterative-intensive σκοπέω, - έομαι a new opposition was created in Greek to σκέψασθαι etc. in the same way as Skt. pásyati: ádarśam, ὁράω: εἶδον. -- Semant. and phonetic identity is also found in σκοπός and Skt. spaśa- `spy', which is enlarged from spaś- (s. below; Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 90); to this further OWNo. spār `predicting' from PGm. * spaha- (IE *spóḱo-). Thus σκοπή agrees, but for the accent, with OWNo. spā f. `prophesy' from PGm. * spahō (IE *spóḱā). Greek does not have the old root noun Skt. spaś-, Av. spas- `spy', Lat. haru-spex a. o., from which σκέπτομαι etc. prob. arose as denominative. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 2, 659f., Pok. 984, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. speciō. NGr. forms in Caratzas Glotta 33, 322 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,725-726Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκέπτομαι
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