ἐλέγξω

ἐλέγχω

disgrace: aor subj act 1st sg

ἐλέγχω

disgrace: fut ind act 1st sg

ἐλέγχω

disgrace: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

ἐλέγχω

disgrace: aor subj act 1st sg

ἐλέγχω

disgrace: fut ind act 1st sg

ἐλέγχω

disgrace: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

ἐλέγξω, ἐλέγχω

disgrace: aor subj act 1st sg

ἐλέγξω, ἐλέγχω

disgrace: fut ind act 1st sg

ἐλέγξω, ἐλέγχω

disgrace: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

     ἐλέγχω

    (fut. ἐλέγξω, aor. ἤλεγξα; pass.: fut. ἐλεγχθήσομαι, aor. ἠλέγχθην, pf. ἐλήλεγμαι)

    1) покрывать позором, посрамлять

    

(τινά Hom.)

    2) одолевать, побеждать, aor. превзойти

    

(ἐλέγξαι τινὰ ὠκύτητι Pind.)

    3) отвергать с презрением, aor. пренебречь

    

(μῦθόν τινος Hom.)

    4) отвергать, отклонять

    

(τὰ φίλτατα ἐληλεγμένα Luc.)

    5) опровергать, возражать

    

(τοῦτ΄ ἐλεγξαι πειράσομαι πρῶτον, ἐφ΄ ᾧ φρονεῖ μάλιστα Dem.)

    6) (из)обличать, уличать

    

οὐκ ἔχειν ἔτι ἐλεγχομένους ἀρνέεσθαι Her. — (рассказывают), что они, будучи уличены, не могли больше отпираться;

    7) порицать, обвинять

    

(τινά τι Plat., τινὰ περί τινος Arph. и τινὰ ποιεῖν τι Eur.)

    8) расспрашивать

    

(τινά Aesch.)

    9) допрашивать

    

(τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους Xen.)

    10) исследовать, испытывать, проверять, разбирать

    

(πάσαις βασάνοις τι Plat.)

    11) доказывать, показывать

    

(τὰ ἔργοις ἐληλεγμένα Plat.)

-яду, -ядишь, επιρ. μτχ. глядя κ. λκ. ποίηση•

1. βλέπω, κοιτάζω, παρατηρώ, ορω, θεωρώ, θωρώ•

2. προσέχω, επιβλέπω,παρακολουθώ, επιτηρώ•

(απλ.) κοιτάζω (προσπαθώ) να διακρίνω στο πλήθος.

3. έχω θέα προς, βλέπω, κοιτάζω•

4. φαίνομαι•

5. δείχνω, φαντάζω, έχω θωριά.

6. (προστκ.) -и(те) πρόσεχε, -έχετε (για κίνδυνο ή απειλή)•

εκφρ.

глядеть в оба глаза – τα μάτια σου τέσσερα•

глядеть в гроб ή в могилу – είμαι εν όψει του μοιραίου, του τέλους, πεθαίνω οσονούπω, είμαι του θανατά•

глядеть вон – κοιτάζω για φευγιό, για να το σκάσω•

коса на кого – στραβοκοιτάζω κάποιον (δείχνω δυσαρέσκεια)•

глядеть смерти (опасности, гибели – κ.τ.τ.) αντικρύζω το θάνατο, βλέπω το χάρο με τα μάτια•

- я по кому-чему – ανάλογα (κατά) τον, το κ.τ.τ. -я по обстоятельствам ανάλογα με (κατά) τις περιστάσεις•

по погоде -я – ανάλογα με (κατά) τον καιρό•

на ночь -я – αργά το βράδυ, περασμένη η ώρα•

того и -и – αυτό και να περιμένεις•

не -ел бы на свет(божий) – δε σήκωνε κεφάλι από τη στενοχώρια•

-я на... – κατά το παράδειγμα του...• подписать не -я υπογράφω με κλειστά τα μάτια (χωρίς να ελέγξω).

глядеться

κοιτάζομαι•

αὐτό-φωρος, ον, ([etym.] φώρ)

A self-detected,

ἀμπλακήματα S.Ant.51

.

II mostly in the phrase ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ λαμβάνειν to catch in the act, Lys.13.85, D.19.132;

ἑλεῖν E. Ion 1214

;

ἐλέγχειν Lys.7.42

: with pass. Verbs,

ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ ἁλῶναι Hdt.6.72

;

εἰλῆφθαι Ar.Pl. 455

, Eup.181: hence,

2 in a more general sense, notoriously, manifestly,

ἐπιβουλεύοντας φανῆναι ἐπ' αὐ. Hdt. 6.137

;

ἐπ' αὐ. αὐτὸν ἐλέγξω Lys.13.30

;

τὸν θάνατόν τινος ἐπ. αὐ. μηχανωμένη Antipho 1.3

;

ἐπ' αὐ. καταλαμβάνειν τινὰ ἀμαθέστερον ὄντα Pl.Ap. 22b

, cf. R. 359c;

ἐπ' αὐ. εἴλημμαι πλουσιώτατος ὤν X. Smp.3.13

;

ἀξιῶ σε.. ἐπ'. αὐ. ταῦτά μοι ἐπιδεῖξαι Lys.1.21

;

ἐπ' αὐ. κλέπται ὄντες ἐξελεγχόμενοι Aeschin.3.10

.

ἐλέγχω, Od.21.424, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

ἐλέγξω Ar.Nu. 1043

, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἤλεγξα Il.9.522

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ἐλεγχθήσομαι Antipho 2.4.10

, X.Mem.1.7.2: [tense] aor.

ἠλέγχθην Antipho

l.c., Pl.Grg. 458a, etc.: [tense] pf.

ἐλήλεγμαι Id.Lg. 805c

: [ per.] 3sg. ἐλήλεγκται Antiphol.c. ( ἐξ-ηλεγμένοι is f.l. in Lys. 6.44): [tense] plpf.

ἐξ-ελήλεγκτο D.32.27

:—disgrace, put to shame, μῦθον ἐ. treat a speech with contempt, Il.9.522; ἐ. τινά put one to shame, Od. 21.424.—This usage is only [dialect] Ep.

II cross-examine, question, Hdt.2.115, Pl.Ap. 18d, etc.;

μὴ 'λεγχε τὸν πονοῦντα A.Ch. 919

;

φύλαξ ἐλέγχων φύλακα S.Ant. 260

;

τί ταῦτ' ἄλλως ἐλέγχεις

;

Id.OT 333

, cf. 783;

ἔλεγχ', ἐλέγχου Ar.Ra. 857

;

ἐ. τινὰ περί τινος Id.Pl. 574

;

ἕνεκά τινος Antiph.207.10

;

τὰς ἀρχὰς βασάνοις χρώμενοι ἐλεγχόντων Pl. Lg. 946c

: c. acc. et inf., accuse one of doing, E.Alc. 1058:—[voice] Pass., to be convicted, Hdt.1.24, 117;

ἐλεγχόμενοι εἴ τι περιγένοιτο τῶν χρημάτων D.35.36

, cf. Pl.Prt. 331c, 331d: with part.,

ἐλεγχθεὶς διαφθείρας Antipho 2.3.9

, cf. 2.4.10;

ἐλεγχθήσεται γελοῖος ὤν X.Mem.1.7.2

.

2 test, bring to the proof,

ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὰν παγκρατὴς ἐλέγχει ἀλάθεια B.Fr. 10.2

; πρᾶγμ' ἐ. A.Ag. 1351 ([voice] Pass.,

τὸ πρᾶγμ' ἐλεγχθέν Ar.Ec. 485

);

λόγον Pl.Sph. 242b

([voice] Pass., Id.Tht. 161e): with subject. clause, ἐ. τινά, εἰ .., A.Ch. 851, Ar.Eq. 1232.

3 prove, τοῦτο ἐ. ὡς .. Pl.Phdr. 273b, cf. Sph. 256c: abs., bring convincing proof, ὡς ἡ ἀνάγκη ἐ. Hdt.2.22; αὐτὸ τὸ ἔργον ἐ. Th.6.86;

περί τινος D.21.5

.

4 refute, confute, τινά or τι, Pl.Grg. 470c, al., D.28.2, Luc.Nigr.4:—[voice] Pass., Pl.Tht. 162a; χρυσὸς κληῖδας ἐλέγχει proves that they avail not, AP5.216 (Paul. Sil.).

b put right, correct, prove by a reductio ad impossibile,

ὅσα ἔστιν ἀποδεῖξαι, ἔστι καὶ ἐλέγξαι τὸν θέμενον τὴν ἀντίφασιν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς Arist.SE 170a24

; παράδοξα ἐ. Id.EN 1146a23.

5 get the better of, στρατιὰν ὠκύτατι ἐ. Pi.P.11.49, cf. D.P.750, Him.Or.1.16.

6 expose,

τινὰ ληροῦντα Pl.Tht. 171d

, cf. X.Mem.1.7.2, M.Ant.1.17; betray a weakness, Democr.222.

7 decide a dispute,

ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν δύο LXX Ge. 31.37

.

Grammatical information: v

Meaning: 1. `revile, disgrace' (Hom.); 2. `cross-exmine, bring to proof, accuse, question' (Hdt., Pi., Att.); on the meaning Daux REGr. 55, 252ff.

Other forms: ἐλέγξαι (Il.), fut. ἐλέγξω, aor. pass. ἐλεγχθῆναι with ἐλεγχθήσομαι, perf. ἐλήλεγμαι, 3. sg. - γκται (Att.)

Derivatives: To 1: ἔλεγχος n. (as ὄνειδος) `revile, disgrace' (Hom., Hes., Pi.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 263), in plur. also of persons, `coward'; in masculine ἐλεγχέες (Δ 242, Ω 239; but s. Bechtel Lex. s. ἐλεγχής, Frisk GHÅ 41 [1935]: 3, 19f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 137); superlative ἐλέγχιστος (Hom.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 83f.); from ἔλεγχος also ἐλεγχείη `id.' (Il.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 218). - To 2: ἔλεγχος m. (as λόγος) `proof, refutation, inquisition' (Hdt., Pi., Att.); ἔλεγξις `id.' (LXX, NT, Philostr.) with painful ἐλεγξῖνος (D. L.); ἐλεγμός `id.' (LXX, NT); ἐλεγκτήρ `who proves' (Antipho; Ionisch?, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 52); ἐλεγκτικός `good for ἐλέγχειν, prepared for' (Att. etc.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [676] * h₁lengʰ- `revile?'

Etymology: Uncertain. Since Pott often connected with ἐλαχύς, but this is as often denied, s. Osthoff MU 6, 7ff. Semantically the connection is quite possible: cf. NHG. schmähen, MHG. smæhen `disgrace', OHG smāhen `make small', from smāhi `small'; also NHG Schmach, MHG smāhe, smæhe `revile'. Phonetically the etymology implies, that ἐλέγχω for *ἐλέμφω (idg. * h₁lengʷʰ-) has its χ from ἐλαχύς, ἐλάσσων (\< *ἐλάχ-ι̯ων), ἐλάχιστος. The verb ἐλέγχω would be identical with Av. rǝnǰaiti `makes light'. - Or with Fick 1, 537 to Latv. langāt `revile', also OHG OS. lahan `revile' a. o.; acc. to Sturtevant Comp. gr.<sup>1</sup> 89, <sup>2</sup> 58 to Hitt. lingazi, li(n)kzi `swear'. Pok. 676 recalls Nur. lang `shame, deceit, treason'.

Page in Frisk: 1,486-487

ἁμαρτία, ίας, ἡ (w. mngs. ranging fr. involuntary mistake/ error to serious offenses against a deity: Aeschyl., Antiphon, Democr.+; ins fr. Cyzicus JHS 27, 1907, p. 63 [III B.C.] ἁμαρτίαν μετανόει; PLips 119 recto, 3; POxy 1119, 11; LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 12:14; ParJer, ApcEsdr, ApcSed, ApcMos; EpArist 192; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 69 al.; Ar. [Milne 76, 42]; Just., A I, 61, 6; 10; 66, 1, D. 13, 1 al.; Tat. 14, 1f; 20, 1; Mel., P. 50, 359; 55, 400; s. ClR 24, 1910, 88; 234; 25, 1911, 195–97).

① a departure fr. either human or divine standards of uprightness

ⓐ sin (w. context ordinarily suggesting the level of heinousness), the action itself (ἁμάρτησις s. prec.), as well as its result (ἁμάρτημα), πᾶσα ἀδικία ἁ. ἐστίν 1J 5:17 (cp. Eur., Or. 649; Gen 50:17). ἁ. w. ἀνομήματα Hv 1, 3, 1; descr. as ἀνομία (cp. Ps 58:3; TestJob 43:17) 1J 3:4; but one who loves is far from sin Pol 3:3, cp. Js 5:20; 1 Pt 4:8, 1 Cl 49:5; Agr 13. ἀναπληρῶσαι τὰς ἁ. fill up the measure of sins (Gen 15:16) 1 Th 2:16. κοινωνεῖν ἁ. ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Ti 5:22. ποιεῖν ἁ. commit a sin (Tob 12:10; 14:7S; Dt 9:21) 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Pt 2:22; Js 5:15; 1J 3:4, 8. For this ἁμαρτάνειν ἁ. (Ex 32:30; La 1:8) 1J 5:16; ἐργάζεσθαι ἁ. Js 2:9; Hm 4, 1, 2 (LXX oft. ἐργάζ. ἀδικίαν or ἀνομίαν). μεγάλην ἁ. ἐργάζεσθαι commit a great sin m 4, 1, 1; 8:2. Pl. (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a τὰ μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα κ. ἀδικήματα) Hs 7:2. ἐπιφέρειν ἁ. τινί Hv 1, 2, 4. ἑαυτῷ ἁ. ἐπιφέρειν bring sin upon oneself m 11:4; for this ἁ. ἐπισπᾶσθαί τινι m 4, 1, 8 (cp. Is 5:18). προστιθέναι ταῖς ἁ. add to one’s sins (cp. προσέθηκεν ἁμαρτίας ἐφʼ ἁμαρτίας PsSol 3:10) Hv 5:7; m 4, 3, 7; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 11, 3; φέρειν ἁ. 1 Cl 16:4 (Is 53:4). ἀναφέρειν vs. 14 (Is 53:12). γέμειν ἁμαρτιῶν B 11:11. εἶναι ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις 1 Cor 15:17 (cp. Alex. Aphr., Eth. Probl. 9 II 2 p. 129, 13 ἐν ἁμαρτήμασιν εἶναι).—Sin viewed from the perspective of God’s or Christ’s response: ἀφιέναι τὰς ἁ. let go = forgive sins (Lev 4:20 al.) Mt 9:2, 5f; Mk 2:5, 7, 9f; Lk 5:20ff; Hv 2, 2, 4; 1 Cl 50:5; 53:5 (Ex 32:32) al. (ἀφίημι 2); hence ἄφεσις (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (Iren. 1, 21, 2 [Harv. I 182, 4]) forgiveness of sins Mt 26:28; Mk 1:4; Lk 1:77; 3:3; 24:47; Ac 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; Hm 4, 3, 2; B 5:1; 6:11; 8:3; 11:1; 16:8. διδόναι ἄφεσιν ἁ. AcPl Ha 2, 30; λαβεῖν ἄφεσιν ἁ. receive forgiveness of sins Ac 26:18 (Just., D. 54 al); καθαρίζειν τὰς ἁ. cleanse the sins (thought of as a stain) Hs 5, 6, 3; καθαρίζειν ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4; cp. Sir 23:10; PsSol 10:1); also καθαρισμὸν ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἁ. Hb 1:3; ἀπολούεσθαι τὰς ἁ. Ac 22:16 ([w. βαπτίζειν] Just., D. 13, 1 al.). λύτρον ἁ. ransom for sins B 19:10.—αἴρειν J 1:29; περιελεῖν ἁ. Hb 10:11; ἀφαιρεῖν (Ex 34:9; Is 27; 9) vs. 4; Hs 9, 28, 3; ῥυσθῆναι ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 60:3; ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. ἀποσπασθῆναι AcPlCor 2:9. Sin as a burden αἱ ἁ. κατεβάρησαν Hs 9, 28, 6; as a disease ἰᾶσθαι Hs 9, 28, 5 (cp. Dt 30:3); s. also the verbs in question.—Looked upon as an entry in a ledger; hence ἐξαλείφεται ἡ ἁ. wiped away, cancelled (Ps 108:14; Jer 18:23; Is 43:25) Ac 3:19.—Opp. στῆσαι τὴν ἁ. 7:60; λογίζεσθαι ἁ. take account of sin (as a debt; cp. the commercial metaphor Ro 4:6 and s. FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. 104, n. 2) Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); 1 Cl 60:2 (Just., D. 141, 3). Pass. ἁ. οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται is not entered in the account Ro 5:13 (GFriedrich, TLZ 77, ’52, 523–28). Of sinners ὀφειλέτης ἁ. Pol 6:1 (cp. SIG 1042, 14–16 [II A.D.] ὸ̔ς ἂν δὲ πολυπραγμονήσῃ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ περιεργάσηται, ἁμαρτίαν ὀφιλέτω Μηνὶ Τυράννωι, ἣν οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξειλάσασθαι).—γινώσκειν ἁ. (cp. Num 32:23) Ro 7:7; Hm 4, 1, 5. ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας Ro 3:20; ὁμολογεῖν τὰς ἁ. 1J 1:9; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁ. B 19:12; ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τὰς ἁ. Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; Hv 3, 1, 5f; Hs 9, 23, 4; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁ. confess your sins to each other Js 5:16.—ἐλέγχειν τινὰ περὶ ἁ. convict someone of sin J 8:46; cp. ἵνα σου τὰς ἁ. ἐλέγξω πρὸς τὸν κύριον that I might reveal your sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5.—σεσωρευμένος ἁμαρτίαις loaded down w. sins 2 Ti 3:6; cp. ἐπισωρεύειν ταῖς ἁ. B 4:6; ἔνοχος τῆς ἁ. involved in the sin Hm 2:2; 4, 1, 5. μέτοχος τῆς ἁ. m 4, 1, 9.—In Hb sin is atoned for (ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁ. 2:17) by sacrifices θυσίαι ὑπὲρ ἁ. 5:1 (cp. 1 Cl 41:2). προσφορὰ περὶ ἁ. sin-offering 10:18; also simply περὶ ἁ. (Lev 5:11; 7:37) vss. 6, 8 (both Ps 39:7; cp. 1 Pt 3:18); προσφέρειν περὶ ἁ. bring a sin-offering Hb 5:3; cp. 10:12; 13:11. Christ has made the perfect sacrifice for sin 9:23ff; συνείδησις ἁ. consciousness of sin 10:2; ἀνάμνησις ἁ. a reminder of sins of the feast of atonement vs. 3.

ⓑ special sins (ἁ. τῆς ἀποστασίας Iren. 5, 26, 2 [Harv. II 397, 4]): πρὸς θάνατον that leads to death 1J 5:16b (ἁμαρτάνω e); opp. οὐ πρὸς θάνατον vs. 17. μεγάλη ἁ. a great sin Hv 1, 1, 8 al. (Gen 20:9; Ex 32:30 al.; cp. Schol. on Pla., Tht. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα). μείζων ἁ. m 11:4; ἥττων 1 Cl 47:4. μεγάλη κ. ἀνίατος Hm 5, 2, 4; τέλειαι ἁ. Hv 1, 2, 1; B 8:1, cp. τὸ τέλειον τῶν ἁ. 5:11 (Philo, Mos. 1, 96 κατὰ τῶν τέλεια ἡμαρτηκότων); ἡ προτέρα ἁ. (Arrian, Anab. 7, 23, 8 εἴ τι πρότερον ἡμάρτηκας) sin committed before baptism Hm 4, 1, 11; 4, 3, 3; Hs 8, 11, 3; cp. v 2, 1, 2.

② a state of being sinful, sinfulness, a prominent feature in Johannine thought, and opposed to ἀλήθεια; hence ἁ. ἔχειν J 9:41; 15:24; 1J 1:8. μείζονα ἁ. ἔχειν J 19:11; ἁ. μένει 9:41. γεννᾶσθαι ἐν ἁμαρτίαις be born in sin 9:34 (ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ v.l).; opp. ἐν ἁ. ἀποθανεῖν die in sin 8:21, 24; AcPl Ha 1, 16. ἁ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν 1J 3:5.

③ a destructive evil power, sin

ⓐ Paul thinks of sin almost in pers. terms (cp. Sir 27:10; Mel., P. 50, 359; PGM 4, 1448 w. other divinities of the nether world, also Ἁμαρτίαι χθόνιαι; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 119ff) as a ruling power that invades the world. Sin came into the world Ro 5:12 (JFreundorfer, Erbsünde u. Erbtod b. Ap. Pls 1927; ELohmeyer, ZNW 29, 1930, 1–59; JSchnitzer, D. Erbsünde im Lichte d. Religionsgesch. ’31; ROtto, Sünde u. Urschuld ’32; FDanker, Ro 5:12: Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’67/68, 424–39), reigns there vs. 21; 6:14; everything was subject to it Gal 3:22; people serve it Ro 6:6; are its slaves vss. 17, 20; are sold into its service 7:14 or set free from it 6:22; it has its law 7:23; 8:2; it revives (ἀνέζησεν) Ro 7:9 or is dead vs. 8; it pays its wages, viz., death 6:23, cp. 5:12 (see lit. s.v. ἐπί 6c). As a pers. principle it dwells in humans Ro 7:17, 20, viz., in the flesh (s. σάρξ 2cα) 8:3; cp. vs. 2; 7:25. The earthly body is hence a σῶμα τῆς ἁ. 6:6 (Col 2:11 v.l.).—As abstr. for concr. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁ. ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (God) made him, who never sinned, to be sin (i.e. the guilty one) for our sakes 2 Cor 5:21.

ⓑ In Hb (as in OT) sin appears as the power that deceives humanity and leads it to destruction, whose influence and activity can be ended only by sacrifices (s. 1a end): ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ. Hb 3:13.—On the whole word s. ἁμαρτάνω, end. GMoore, Judaism I 445–52; ABüchler, Studies in Sin and Atonement in the Rabb. Lit. of the I Cent. 1928; WKnuth, D. Begriff der Sünde b. Philon v. Alex., diss. Jena ’34; EThomas, The Problem of Sin in the NT 1927; Dodd 76–81; DDaube, Sin, Ignorance and Forgiveness in the Bible, ’61; AGelin and ADescamps, Sin in the Bible, ’65.—On the special question ‘The Christian and Sin’ see PWernle 1897; HWindisch 1908; EHedström 1911; RBultmann, ZNW 23, 1924, 123–40; Windisch, ibid. 265–81; RSchulz, D. Frage nach der Selbsttätigkt. d. Menschen im sittl. Leben b. Pls., diss. Hdlb. ’40.—JAddison, ATR 33, ’51, 137–48; KKuhn, πειρασμός ἁμαρτία σάρξ im NT: ZTK 49, ’52, 200–222; JBremer, Hamartia ’69 (Gk. views).—B. 1182. EDNT. DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW.

ἐλέγχω fut. ἐλέγξω; 1 aor. ἤλεγξα LXX, impv. ἔλεγξον, inf. ἐλέγξαι; pass. ἠλέγχθην (Hom.+)

① to scrutinize or examine carefully, bring to light, expose, set forth (Aristoph., Eccl. 485; Herodian 3, 12, 4; PHib 55, 3 [250 B.C.] τὸν ποιμένα τ. ἐλέγξοντα περὶ ὧν μοι εἶπας) J 3:20; Eph 5:11, 13 (the darkness-light theme suggests exposure, with implication of censure); Dg 2:8. τὰ κρυπτά (Artem. 1, 68) IPhld 7:1. ταῦτα ἔλεγχε declare this Tit 2:15 (but s. 3 below); τ. ἁμαρτίας τινὸς πρὸς τὸν κύριον expose someone’s sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5 (Jos., Vi. 339 τὰς πονηρίας ἐ.); demonstrate, prove (POxy 237 VIII, 40; Wsd 2:11; Ath. 30, 4) τὶ someth. Dg 9:6; οὐκ ἐλέγχετε= disprove 2:9.

② to bring a pers. to the point of recognizing wrongdoing, convict, convince someone of someth., point someth. out to someone (PAmh 33, 34 [157 B.C.]; BGU 1138, 13=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 100, 13 [19/18 B.C.]; POxy 1032, 30; PStras 41, 31; Jos., Ant. 4, 219; SibOr 5, 34; Just., A I, 4, 6 αὐτὸν … ἁμαρτάνοντα; Ath. 2, 1 ἡμᾶς … ἀδικοῦντας; Just., D. 67, 2 ὅπως μήτε … μωραίνειν ἐλέγχησθε) τινά Tit 1:9, 13; Jd 22 v.l. (COsburn, ZNW 63, ’72, 139–44 [text]); 23 v.l.; περί w. gen. introduces the thing of which one is convicted or convinced (Aristoph., Plut. 574; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 5; PLips 43, 11 μάρτυρας τοὺς ἐλέγχοντας Θαῆσιν περὶ ἀφαιρέσεως βιβλίων χρειστιακῶν) J 8:46; 16:8 (s. δικαιοσύνη 3a end); Jd 15 (En 1:9). Pass. ἐ. ὑπό τινος Ac 6:10 v.l.; 1 Cor 14:24; ὑπὸ τ. συνειδήσεως ἐλεγχόμενοι J 8:9 v.l. (cp. Philo, De Jos. 48 ὑπὸ τοῦ συνειδότος ἐλεγχόμενος, Spec. Leg. 3, 54 al.); ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς ἐλέγχεσθαι be convicted (perh. tested) by the odor IMg 10:2. ἐλεγχόμενοι ὡς παραβάται convicted as transgressors Js 2:9; ἳνα … ὁ πόνηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ[το] μὴ ὤν θεός AcPlCor 2:15.

③ to express strong disapproval of someone’s action, reprove, correct (Aelian, VH 13, 25; Sir 20:2; 31:31; Pr 9:7f al.; Just. D. 107, 3) 2 Ti 4:2; τινά 1 Ti 5:20; D 2:7. W. the connotation of refuting (Diod S 13, 90, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 28, end; PGM 4, 2620; Just., A I, 64, 6 al.; Ath. 18, 1 τὰ εἴδωλα; Tat. 8, 4 τὴν μαντικήν) πᾶσαν αἵρεσιν Epil Mosq 2.—τινὰ περί τινος Lk 3:19. τινὰ ἐπί τινι B 19:4. ἔλεγξον αὐτὸν μεταξὺ σοῦ καὶ αὐτοῦ μόνου show him his fault while you are alone w. him Mt 18:15 (cp. CD 9, 6–8 and s. Lev 19:17). Perh. Tit 2:15 belongs here (s. 1 above).

④ to penalize for wrongdoing, punish, discipline (Wsd 1:8; 12:2; Job 5:17 al.) Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11); (w. παιδεύειν, as Sir 18:13) Rv 3:19.—LLutkemeyer, CBQ 8, ’46, 221–23.—B. 1442. DELG. M-M. TW.