ἀποφεύγειν

ἀποφεύγω

flee from: pres inf act (attic epic)

ἀποφεύγω

flee from: pres inf act (attic epic)

Ar. and P. μυῖα, ἡ (Xen.).

Gadfly: P. and V. μύωψ, ὁ (Plat.), V. οἶστρος, ὁ.

Avoid: P. and V. φεύγειν, ἐκφεύγειν, διαφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγειν, εὐλαβεῖσθαι, ἀφίστασθαι (gen.), ἐξίστασθαι (gen.), Ar. and P. ἐκτρέπεσθαι, P. ὑποχωρεῖν, ὑποφεύγειν, Ar. and V. ἀποστρέφεσθαι (also Xen.), V. φυγγάνειν, ἐκφυγγάνειν, ἀλύσκειν, ἐξαλύσκειν.

Desire to fly: V. φευξείειν (acc.).

V. intrans. Run away: P. and V. φεύγειν, ἐκφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγειν, διαφεύγειν, ἐκδιδράσκειν (Eur., Heracl. 14), Ar. and P. ἀποδιδράσκειν.

Of an army being routed: P. and V. φεύγειν, τρέπεσθαι, V. φυγὴν αἴρεσθαι.

Fly for refuge: P. and V. καταφεύγειν.

Fly from one's country: P. and V. φεύγειν (absol.).

Fly to, have recourse to: P. and V. τρέπεσθαι (πρός, acc.), P. καταφεύγειν (εἰς or πρός, acc.), V. φεύγειν (εἰς, acc.).

As a bird: P. and V. πέτεσθαι, Ar. and V. ποτᾶσθαι.

Fly away: lit. and met., P. and V. ἀναπέτεσθαι (Plat.). ἐκπέτεσθαι (Plat.), διαπέτεσθαι (Plat.), Ar. and P. ἀποπέτεσθαι (Plat.).

Fly down: Ar. καταπέτεσθαι.

Fly in: Ar. εἰσπέτεσθαι.

Fly over: Ar. ἐπιπέτεσθαι (acc. or dat.).

Fly round: Ar. περιπέτεσθαι (absol.).

Fly through: Ar. and V. διαπέτεσθαι (acc., or διά, gen.).

Rush, burst: P. and V. ὁρμᾶν, ὁρμᾶσθαι; see Rush.

Fly apart: P. and V. διαρρήγνυσθαι, ῥήγνυσθαι.

Fly at: see Attack.

Fly into, rush into: P. and V. εἰσπίπτειν (P. εἰς, acc., V. dat. alone); see Rush.

Fly into a passion: V. πρὸς ὀργὴν ἐκφέρεσθαι (Soph., El. 628), εἰς ὀργὴν πίπτειν (Eur., Or. 696).

ἀποφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγω

flee from: pres inf act (attic epic)

ἀποφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγω

flee from: pres inf act (attic epic)

φᾰνερός, ά, όν, but ός, όν, E.Ba. 991 (lyr.): ([etym.] φαίνω):—

A visible, manifest, ἡ στήλη ἔχει πάντα φ., i.e. all that is in it can be plainly seen, Hdt.3.24;

φ. ὄμμασιν ἐμοῖς E.Ba. 501

;

φ. τι δεῖξαι S.Tr. 608

(v.l.);

θήσω φανέρ' ἀθρό' Pi.O.13.98

;

φ. ποιῆσαι Pl.Lg. 630b

, etc.;

ἐς φ. ὄψιν βαίνειν E.El. 1236

(anap.);

τοὔργον παρέσται φ. S.Ph. 1291

;

φ. χαρακτὴρ ἀρετᾶς E.HF 658

(lyr.);

φ. πηγαί Th.2.15

;

ἐσβολαὶ ἐς Αἴγυπτον Hdt. 3.5

;

φ. ἔχθραν κτήσασθαι Th.1.42

; διαφορὰ φ. ἐγένετο ib. 102; φ. θάνατος, ὄλεθρος, opp. ἀφανής, Antipho 3.3.7, And.1.53;

φ. ὑποψία εἰς ἐμὲ ἰοῦσα Antipho 2.2.6

;

φ. γενόμενος

if detected,

Lys.7.12

:— Constr.: φανερός εἰμι c. part., ἀπικόμενοι φανεροί εἰσι they are known to have come, Hdt.3.26;

ἐπισπεύδων φανερὸς ἦν Id.7.18

;

ὁ μέν ἐστι φ. ἐκβὰς ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου καὶ οὐκ εἰσβὰς πάλιν Antipho 5.23

: folld. by Conj.,

φανεροὶ γιγνόμενοι ὅτι ποιοῦσιν X.Cyr.2.2.12

;

φ. ἦν ὅπως ἐγίγνωσκεν Id.Mem.1.1.17

: impers., φανερόν [ἐστιν] ὅτι .. ib.3.9.2; εἰ φανερὸν γίγνοιτο ὅτι .. Pl.Phd. 70d.

2 shining, illustrious,

προεδρίη Xenoph.2.7

;

ὁδός Pi.O.6.73

; conspicuous, remarkable,

φ. μηδὲν κατεργάζεσθαι Th.1.17

.

3 φ. οὐσία real property, opp. personalty ([etym.] ἀφανής), Lys.32.4, Fr.79, D.50.8.

b property in possession (opp. in action), And.1.118, Is.6.30, D.38.7.

c in hand, in cash, μηδὲν φανερὸν κεκτῆσθαι to have no cash in hand, Din.1.70;

λαβὼν ἀργύριον φ. καὶ ὁμολογούμενον D.56.1

;

πόρος φ. Id.14.24

;

φ. οὐσία Id.27.57

;

φ. χρήματα Lys.12.83

;

φ. ποιεῖν D.28.4

; φανερόν τι a certain sum of money, Sch.Ar.Pl. 330, Sch.Aeschin.1.102.

4 of votes, φ. ψήφῳ by open vote, opp. κρύβδην (ballot), D.43.82, cf. Arist.Ath.68.2;

ψῆφον φ. διενεγκεῖν Th.4.74

;

τὴν ψῆφον φ. φέρειν Pl.Lg. 767d

; φ. ἡ ψῆφος τιθεμένη ib. 855d.

5 Adv. - ρῶς openly, manifestly,

βουλόμενος φ. Hdt.9.71

;

στείχειν A.Pr. 1090

(anap.);

οἴχεσθαι S.El. 833

(lyr.);

ἀκοῦσαι Ar.Nu. 291

(anap.);

ἀποδείκνυσθαι τὴν γνώμην Th.1.87

; φ. ἐρᾶν, opp. λάθρᾳ, Pl.Smp. 182d;

τὸ φ. ἐξεῖναι Isoc.2.3

: [comp] Comp.,

φανερώτερον ἐκπολεμεῖν Th.6.91

;

- τέρως Arist.PA 657a2

: but,

b τὸ φ. freq. with Preps. in advb. sense,

ἐκ τοῦ φ.

openly,

Hdt.5.96

, 8.126; πολέμιος οὐκ ὢν ἐκ τοῦ φ. not openly declared, Th.4.79;

ἐκ τοῦ φ. τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι X.HG6.5.16

;

ἐκ τοῦ φ. ἀποφεύγειν Id.Mem.3.11.8

;

ἀπὸ τοῦ φ. D.H.4.4

; also

ἐν τῷ φ. σαυτὸν παρεῖχες X.Cyr.7.5.55

;

ἀκοῦσαι ἐν τῷ φ. Id.An.1.3.21

;

βουλεύεσθαι D.18.235

(rarely

ἐν φ. X.Ages.5.7

);

ἐς τὸ φ. ἀποδῦναι Th.1.6

; αἱ ἐς τὸ φ. λεγόμεναι αἰτίαι, Id.1.23; τὸν σῖτον φέρειν ἐς τὸ φ. into public, Id.3.27, cf. Pl.Grg. 480c, etc.;

εἰπεῖν κατὰ τὸ φ. Ar.Th. 525

(lyr.); ἐπὶ φανεροῖς ξυνελθεῖν on public, acknowledged terms, Th.1.69.

II of persons, manifest, conspicuous,

εἰ [Διόνυσος καὶ Πὰν] φ. ἐγένοντο ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι Hdt.2.146

;

φανερὰ.. ἦλθε κόρα S.OT 507

(lyr.);

Κύπρις.. φανερὰ τῶνδ ἐφάνη πράκτωρ Id.Tr. 861

(lyr.);

πάντων -ώτατος Βρασίδας ἐγένετο Th.4.11

, cf. X.Cyr.7.5.58;

οἱ -ώτεροι

persons of distinction,

Philostr.VA2.20

.

2 open, frank, opp. ἐπίβουλος, Arist.EN 1149b15.

III = τις, φ. χρέα certain debts, Mitteis Chr.71.3 (v A. D.), cf. PMasp.167.10, 194.5 (vi A. D.), etc.

ἀποδῐδράσκω, [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἀποδια-ήσκω, [tense] fut. -δράσομαι, [dialect] Ion. - δρήσομαι: [tense] pf.

A

- δέδρᾱκα Men.Sam. 143

, Phld.Rh.1.199 S.: [tense] aor. ἀπέδραν, [dialect] Ion. -έδρην, opt.

ἀποδραίην Thgn.927

, imper.

ἀπόδρᾱθι Ph.1.90

, inf. ἀποδρᾶναι, [dialect] Ion. -δρῆναι, part. ἀποδράς—the only form found in Hom.; the other tenses in Hdt., etc., [tense] pf. part.

ἀποδεδρακότες X.An.6.4.8

:—run away, escape or flee from, esp. by stealth, Hom. (never in Il.),

ἐκ νηὸς ἀποδράς Od.16.65

;

νηὸς ἀ. 17.516

;

ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σάμου Hdt.3.148

;

ἐς Σάμον 4.43

;

ἐπὶ θάλασσαν 6.2

;

ἀποδρᾶσα ᾤχετο And.1.125

, cf. 4.17, Ar.Ec. 196, Pl.Tht. 203d; of runaway slaves, X.An.1.4.8 (ἀποδρᾶναι τὸ ἀναχωρήσαντά τινα εὔδηλον εἶναι ὅπου ἐστίν, ἀποφεύγειν δὲ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι ἐπιληφθῆναι Ammon.p.19 V.);

σώματα ἀποδράντα IG22.584

; of soldiers, desert, X.An.5.6.34; ἀποδιδράσκοντα μὴ δύνασθαι ἀποδρᾶναι attempting to escape not to be able to escape, Pl.Prt. 317a, cf. 310c.

2 c. acc., flee, shun, Hdt.2.182, Ar. Pax 234, etc.;

ἀπέδρασαν αὐτόν Th.1.128

; evade,

τὸν νόμον Arist.Pol. 1270b35

;

οὐκ ἀπέδρα τὴν στρατείαν D.21.165

; ὅτε.. τὸ σὸν ὄμμ' ἀπέδραν (poet. for ἀπέδρασαν) S.Aj. 167.—Rare in Trag. (Cf. Skt. δρᾱτι 'run'.)

ἀποκῡριάζειν· ἀποκακεῖν, ἀποφεύγειν, ἀποσκιρτᾶν, Hsch.; cf. ἀνακυρτᾶσαι.

ἀπο-διδράσκω, entlaufen, entfliehen; Unterschied von ἀποφεύγειν, entkommen, so daß man nicht eingeholt wird; unvermerkt abkommen oder sich entfernen, ohne die Absicht des Entlaufens

P. and V. λύειν, ἐκλύειν, ἀφιέναι, σώζειν, Ar. and P. ἀπολύειν, P. ἀποχειροτονεῖν (gen.), ἀποψηφίζεσθαι (gen.), ἀπογιγνώσκειν (gen.).

Acquit of blame: P. ἀπολύειν τῆς αἰτίας.

Acquit oneself (bravely, etc.): use παρέχειν ἑαυτόν (ἀνδρεῖον); see Behave.

Be acquitted: P. and V. φεύγειν, σώζεσθαι, Ar. and P. ἀποφεύγειν.

P. and V. φεύγειν, ἐκφεύγειν, διαφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγειν, εὐλαβεῖσθαι, ἀφίστασθαι (gen.), ἐξίστασθαι (acc. or gen.). Ar. and V. ἀποστρέφεσθαι (also Xen.), V. φυγγάνειν, ἐκφυγγάνειν, ἀλύσκειν, ἐξαλύσκειν.

Shirk: Ar. and P. διαδύεσθαι; see Shirk.

Not to be avoided, use adj.: P. and V. ἄφυκτος (Plat.).

Avoid meeting ( a person): Ar. and P. ἐκτρέπεσθαι (acc.).

Desire to avoid: V. φευξείειν (acc.).

Limpid: P. and V. καθαρός, λαμπρός, εὐαγής (Plat. but rare P.), Ar. and P. διαφανής.

Of leather: P. εὔδιος (Xen.), V. γαληνός.

Clear weather: Ar. and P. αἰθρία, ἡ (Xen.).

Of sound; P. and V. λαμπρός; see Loud.

Of sight: Ar. and P. ὀξύς.

Evident, manifest: P. and V. δῆλος. ἐναργής, σαφής, λαμπρός, ἔνδηλος, φανερός, ἐμφανής, ἐκφανής, διαφανής, περιφανής, P. ἐπιφανής, καταφανής, V. σαφηνής, τορός, τρανής. Ar. and P. εὔδηλος, κατάδηλος, Ar. ἐπίδηλος.

Clear beforehand: P. πρόδηλος.

Intelligible: see Intelligible.

Free from trees: P. ψιλός; see Open.

Undefiled: P. and V. καθαρός, ὅσιος, εὐαγής (rare P.), ἀκήρατος (rare P.), ἅγνος (rare P.), ἀκέραιος, V. ἀκραιφνής.

Net: P. ἀτελής.

Clear of: P. and V. ψιλός (gen.); see free from.

Keep clear of: P. and V. ἀφίστασθαι (gen.), ἐξίστασθαι (gen.).

Stand clear: P. and V. ἐκποδὼν στῆναι ( 2nd aor. ἵστασθαι).

Whenever they closed with one another they could not easily get clear: P. ἐπειδὴ προσβάλλοιειν ἀλλήλοις, οὐ ῥᾳδίως ἀπελύοντο (Thuc. 1, 49).

Reclaim ( from wild state): P. and V. ἡμεροῦν, V. ἐξημεροῦν, ἀνημεροῦν (Soph., frag.), καθαίρειν, ἐκκαθαίρειν.

Empty: P. and V. κενοῦν, ἐρημοῦν, ἐξερημοῦν.

Make clear, plain: P. and V. σαφηνίζειν (Xen.), διασαφεῖν (Plat.), V. ὀμματοῦν, ἐξομματοῦν.

Cross: P. and V. ὑπερβαίνειν; see Cross.

Jump over: see jump over.

Acquit: P. and V. ἀφιέναι, λύειν, ἐκλύειν; see Acquit.

Double ( a cape): P. ὑπερβάλλειν.

Clear oneself of ( a charge): P. ἀπολύεσθαι (acc. or absol.).

Be cleared ( acquitted): P. and V. φεύγειν, Ar. and P. ἀποφεύγειν.

Clear the way: see Prepare.

Clear away, remove: P. and V. ἐξαιρεῖν, P. ἐκκαθαίρειν.

Get rid of: Ar. and P. διαλύειν.

Clear away the tables: Ar. ἀποκάθαιρε τὰς τραπέζας ( Pax, 1193).

Clear off ( a debt): P. διαλύειν.

Run away: see run away.

Clear up, solve: P. and V. λύειν, P. διαλύειν; see Solve.

v. trans. or absol.

P. and V. φεύγειν, ἐκφεύγειν, διαφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγειν, παρέρχεσθαι, ἐκδιδράσκειν (Eur., Heracl. 14) (absol.), Ar. and P. ἀποδιδράσκειν, διαδιδράσκειν (absol.), V. φυγγάνειν, ἐκφυγγάνειν, ἀλύσκειν, ἐξαλύσκειν, ὑπεκτρέχειν, ἐκκυλίνδεσθαι (gen.) (also Xen.).

Escape notice of: P. and V. λανθάνειν (acc.), V. λήθειν (acc.), P. διαλανθάνειν (acc.).

Slip through the fingers: see under Slip.

It escapes my memory: P. διαφεύγει με.

Slip out of: P. and V. ἐκδύεσθαι (acc. or gen.), V. ὑπεκδύεσθαι (acc.) (Eur., Cycl.); see also back out. V. intrans. Get off: P. and V. ἀπαλλάσσειν, ἐξαπαλλάσσεσθαι.

Escape in safety to: P. and V. σώζεσθαι εἰς (acc.), V. ἐκσώζεσθαι εἰς (acc.).

Escape privily: P. and V. ὑπεκφεύγειν.

P. and V. φυγή, ἡ, P. διαφυγή, ἡ, ἀποφυγή. ἡ.

Way of escape: P. and V. ἀποστροφή, ἡ, ἔξοδος, ἡ, V. ἐκτροπή, ἡ, ἄλυξις, ἡ, ἔκβασις, ἡ.

Have a narrow escape: see under Narrow.

Escape is not easy: V. ἐστὶ δʼ οὐκ εὐέξοδον (Æsch., Pers. 688).

P. ἐκκρούειν, διακρούεσθαι, Ar. and P. διαδύεσθαι.

Escape: P. and V. φεύγειν, ἐκφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγειν, διαφεύγειν, παρέρχεσθαι; see Escape.

P. and V. κτᾶσθαι, κατακτᾶσθαι, λαμβάνειν, Ar. and V. πεπᾶσθαι (perf. infin. of πάεσθαι) (also Xen. but rare P.); see also P. and V. φέρεσθαι, ἐκφέρεσθαι, κομίζεσθαι, εὑρίσκεσθαι, Ar. and V. φέρειν (also Plat. but rare P.), εὑρίσκειν, V. ἄρνυσθαι (also Plat. but rare P.), ἀνύτεσθαι, κομίζειν.

Fetch: P. and V. φέρειν, κομίζειν, ἄγειν, V. πορεύειν.

Attain to, reach, obtain: P. and V. τυγχάνειν (gen.), Ar. and V. κυρεῖν (gen.).

Get in addition: P. and V. ἐπικτᾶσθαι, προσλαμβάνειν, P. προσκτᾶσθαι.

Get in return: P. ἀντιτυγχάνειν (gen.).

Help to get: P. συγκτᾶσθαι (τινί), συγκατακτᾶσθαί (τινί τι).

Get a person to do a thing: P. and V. πείθειν τινα ποιεῖν τι or ὥστε ποιεῖν τι.

Get a thing done: P. and V. πράσσειν ὅπως τι γενήσεται.

V. intrans. Become: P. and V. γίγνεσθαι.

Get at, reach, v. trans.: P. and V. ἐξικνεῖσθαι (gen. or acc.); see reach, met., intrigue with: P. κατασκευάζειν (acc.).

Get back, recover: P. and V. ἀνακτᾶσθαι, κομίζεσθαι, ἀναλαμβάνειν, P. ἀνακομίζεσθαι, V. κομίζειν; see Recover.

Get on with, have dealings with: P. and V. συγγίγνεσθαι (dat.); see have dealings with, under Dealings.

Difficult to get on with: V. συναλλάσσειν βαρύς.

Get off, be acquitted: P. and V. φεύγειν, σώζεσθαι, Ar. and P. ἀποφεύγειν.

Fare ( after any enterprise): P. and V. ἀπαλλάσσειν, ἀπέρχεσθαι, V. ἐξαπαλλάσσεσθαι.

Do you think after cheating us that you should get off scot free: Ar. μῶν ἀξιοῖς φενακίσας ἡμᾶς ἀπαλλαγῆναι ἀζήμιος (Pl. 271).

Get oneself into trouble: P. εἰς κακὸν αὑτὸν ἐμβάλλειν (Dem. 32).

What troubles I've got myself into: Ar. εἰς οἷʼ ἐμαυτὸν εἰσεκύλισα πράγματα (Thesm. 651).

Get out of: see Quit, Escape.

Get out of what one has said: P. ἐξαπαλλάσσεσθαι τῶν εἰρημένων (Thuc. 4, 28), ἐξαναχωρεῖν τὰ εἰρημένα (Thuc. 4, 28).

Get round, cheat: Ar. περιέρχεσθαι (acc.).

Get over: see under Over.

Get the better of: P. πλεονεκτεῖν (gen.), πλέον ἔχειν (gen.), πλέον φέρεσθαι (gen.); see Conquer.

Get the worst of it: P. and V. ἡσσᾶσθαι, P. ἔλασσον ἔχειν, ἐλασσοῦσθαι.

Get to: see Reach.

Get together, v. trans.: P. συνιστάναι; see Collect.

Get up, contrive fraudulently: P. κατασκευάζειν; see trump up.

Prepare: P. and V. παρασκευάζειν; see Prepare.

I got you up ( dressed you up) as Hercules in fun: Ar. σὲ παίζων... Ἡρακλέαʼ ʼνεσκευασα (Ran. 523).

V. intrans. Rise up: P. and V. ἀνίστασθαι, ἐξανίστασθαι, V. ὀρθοῦσθαι.

Let for hire: Ar. and P. μισθοῦν, P. ἀπομισθοῦν, ἐκμισθοῦν.

Be let ( of a house): P. μισθοφορεῖν ( bring in rent).

Let off, let go: P. and V. ἀφιέναι (acc.), μεθιέναι (acc.).

Acquit: P. and V. λύειν, ἐκλύειν, ἀφιέναι, Ar. and P. ἀπολύειν.

Pardon: P. and V. συγγιγνώσκειν (dat.); see Pardon.

Be let off, be acquitted: P. and V. φεύγειν, Ar. and P. ἀποφεύγειν.

Let out, allow to go out: P. and V. ἐξιέναι; see also Release.

Let out ( a rope): V. ἐξιέναι.

Dismiss: Ar. and P. ἀποπέμπειν.

Let out on hire: Ar. and P. μισθοῦν, P. ἐκμισθοῦν, ἀπομισθοῦν.

Let out on contract: P. ἐκδιδόναι.

Let slip ( an opportunity): P. ἀφιέναι, παριέναι.

Tell, betray: P. and V. ἐκφέρειν, μηνύειν.

Allow: P. and V. ἐᾶν ἐφιέναι (dat.), παριέναι (dat.).

Let a person be injured: Ar. and P. περιορᾶν, or P. προΐεσθαί τινα ἀδικούμενον.

She will not let others bear children: V. οὐκ ἀνέξεται τίκτοντας ἄλλους (Eur., And. 711).

He privily begets sons and lets them perish: V. παῖδας ἐκτεκνούμενος λάθρα θνήσκοντας ἀμελεῖ (Eur., Ion, 438).

Let alone: P. and V. ἐᾶν (acc.).

Let be: P. and V. ἐᾶν (acc. or absol.).

Exclamatory: V. ἴτω, ἔα, ἔασον.

Let down: P. and V. καθιέναι (acc.).

Let down one's hair: V. καθιέναι κόμας.

Let oneself down: P. and V. καθιέναι ἑαυτόν, P. συγκαθιέναι ἑαυτόν. Ar. καθιμᾶν ἑαυτόν.

Let fall: P. and V. παριέναι (acc.) (Thuc. 4, 38), ἀφιέναι (acc.) (Thuc. 2, 76): see Drop.

Of tears: see Shed.

Let go: P. and V. ἀφιέναι, ἀνιέναι, μεθιέναι, V. ἐξανιέναι.

Let go of: P. and V. ἀφίεσθαι (gen.), Ar. and V. μεθίεσθαι (gen.).

Let in: P. and V. εἰσφρεῖν, παριέναι, εἰσδέχεσθαι, εἰσάγειν, προσδέχεσθαι, V. παρεισδέχεσθαι, ἐπεισφρεῖν, P. παραδέχεσθαι, προσίεσθαι, εἰσιέναι.

Let loose: P. and V. λύειν, ἀφιέναι; see Release.

Let loose upon: P. and V. ἐφιέναι (τί τινι), P. ἐπιπέμπειν (τί τινι); see launch against.

Let through: P. and V. διιέναι, Ar. and P. διαφρεῖν.

Away from: P. and V. ἀπό ( gen).

Out of: P. and V. ἐκ (gen.).

Off ( the coast): P. and V. πρός .(dat.), κατά (acc.).

Off Laconia: P. κατὰ τὴν Λακωνικήν (Thuc. 4, 2; cf., Thuc. 8, 86).

Away: P. and V. ἐκποδών, Ar. and P. πόρρω, V. πρόσω, πόρσω.

A long way off: P. διὰ πολλοῦ.

Be off, be distant, v.: P. and V. ἀπέχειν, P. διέχειν.

Be off, begone, interj.: Ar. and V. ἔρρε, V. ἔρροις, Ar. ἄπαγε.

Off, gone: Ar. and V. φροῦδος (also Antipho. but rare P.).

Be off, be gone, v.: P. and V. οἴχεσθαι, ἀπαλλαγῆναι ( 2nd aor. pass. ἀπαλλάσσειν), ἀποίχεσθαι, V. ἐξοίχεσθαι, Ar. and V. διοίχεσθαι (also Plat. but rare P.), ἔρρειν (also Plat. But rare P.).

Be ( well or badly) off: P. and V. (εὖ or κακῶς) ἔχειν.

Be badly off: P. ἀπόρως διακεῖσθαι.

How are you off for friends: V. πῶς δʼ εὐμενείας (gen. sing.)... ἔχεις; (Eur., Hel. 313).

Come off, v.: see Occur.

Of a person, come off ( better or worse): P. and V. ἀπαλλάσσειν.

Cut off: lit., P. and V. τέμνειν, κόπτειν, Ar. and P. ἀποτέμνειν, V. θερίζειν, ἀπαμᾶν; see under Cut.

Intercept: P. ἀπολαμβάνειν, διαλαμβάνειν.

Destroy: P. and καθαιρεῖν; see Destroy.

Get off: see Escape.

Be acquitted: P. and V. φεύγειν, σώζεσθαι, Ar. and P. ἀποφεύγειν.

Keep off, ward off: P. and V. ἀμύνειν; see ward off.

Refrain: P. and V. ἀπέχειν.

Lie off, of a ship: P. ἐφορμεῖν (dat.); of an island: P. ἐπικεῖσθαι (dat. or absol.).

Make off, run away: Ar. and P. ἀποδιδράσκειν.

Put off, defer: P. and V. ἀποτίθεσθαι, εἰς αὖθις ἀναβάλλεσθαι; see under Put.

Take off (clothes, etc.): P. and V. ἐκδύειν, Ar. and P. ἀποδύειν.

Take off from oneself: use mid. of verbs given.

Parody: Ar. and P. κωμῳδεῖν (acc.).

P. and V. φεύγειν, ἐκφεύγειν, διαφεύγειν, ἀποφεύγειν, ἀφίστασθαι (gen.), ἐξίστασθαι (acc. or gen.), εὐλαβεῖσθαι, Ar. and V. ἀποστρέφεσθαι (also Xen.), V. φυγγάνειν, ἐκφυγγάνειν, ἀλύσκειν, ἐξαλύσκειν.

Avoid meeting a person: Ar. and P. ἐκτρέπεσθαι (acc.).

Desire to shun: V. φευξείειν (acc.).

κόσμος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)

① that which serves to beautify through decoration, adornment, adorning (Hom.+; Diod S 20, 4, 5 τῶν γυναικῶν τὸν κόσμον; OGI 531, 13; SIG 850, 10; IMaronIsis 41; PEleph 1, 4; PSI 240, 12 γυναικεῖον κόσμον; LXX; TestJud 12:1; JosAs 2:6 al.; Philo, Migr. Abr. 97 γυναικῶν κ.; Jos., Ant. 1, 250; 15, 5; Just., A II, 11, 4f) of women’s attire, etc. ὁ ἔξωθεν … κόσμος external adorning 1 Pt 3:3 (Vi. Hom. 4 of the inward adornment of a woman, beside σωφροσύνη; Crates, Ep. 9; Pythag., Ep. 11, 1; Plut., Mor. 141e; on the topic of external adornment cp. SIG 736, 15–26).

② condition of orderliness, orderly arrangement, order (Hom. et al.; s. HDiller, Die vorphilosophische Gebrauch von κ. und κοσμεῖν: BSnell Festschr., ’56, 47–60) μετὰ κόσμου in order Dg 12:9 (text uncertain; s. μετακόσμιος).

③ the sum total of everything here and now, the world, the (orderly) universe, in philosophical usage (so, acc. to Plut., Mor. 886b, as early as Pythagoras; certainly Heraclitus, Fgm. 66; Pla., Gorg. 508a, Phdr. 246c; Chrysipp., Fgm. 527 v. Arnim κόσμος σύστημα ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς καὶ τῶν ἐν τούτοις περιεχομένων φύσεων. Likew. Posidonius in Diog. L. 7, 138; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2 p. 391b, 9ff; 2 and 4 Macc; Wsd; EpArist 254; Philo, Aet. M. 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 21; Test12Patr; SibOr 7, 123; AssMos Fgm. b Denis [=Tromp p. 272]; Just., A I, 20, 2 al.; Ath. 19, 2 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 68, 14; Did., Gen. 36, 7; 137, 13.—The other philosoph. usage, in which κ. denotes the heaven in contrast to the earth, is prob. without mng. for our lit. [unless perh. Phil 2:15 κ.=‘sky’?]). ἡ ἀέναος τοῦ κ. σύστασις the everlasting constitution of the universe 1 Cl 60:1 (cp. OGI 56, 48 εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ.). Sustained by four elements Hv 3, 13, 3. πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κ. εἶναι before the world existed J 17:5. ἀπὸ καταβολῆς [κόσμου] from the beginning of the world Mt 13:35; 25:34; Lk 11:50; Hb 4:3; 9:26; Rv 13:8; 17:8. Also ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. Mt 24:21 or ἀπὸ κτίσεως κ. Ro 1:20.—B 5:5 ἀπὸ καταβ. κ. evidently means at the foundation of the world (s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.). πρὸ καταβολῆς κ. before the foundation of the world J 17:24; Eph 1:4; 1 Pt 1:20 (on the uses w. καταβολή s. that word, 1). οὐδὲν εἴδωλον ἐν κ. no idol has any real existence in the universe (Twentieth Century NT) 1 Cor 8:4. Of the creation in its entirety 3:22. ὁ κόσμος ὅλος = πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις (Sallust. 21 p. 36, 13; TestSol 5:7; TestJob 33:4) Hs 9, 2, 1; 9, 14, 5. φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ stars in the universe Phil 2:15 (s. above). Esp. of the universe as created by God (Epict 4, 7, 6 ὁ θεὸς πάντα πεποίηκεν, τὰ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον; Wsd 9:9; 2 Macc 7:23 ὁ τοῦ κ. κτίστης; 4 Macc 5:25; Just., A I, 59, 1 al.; Ath. 8, 2 al.) ὁ ποιήσας τὸν κ. who has made the world Ac 17:24. ὁ κτίστης τοῦ σύμπαντος κ. 1 Cl 19:2; ὁ κτίσας τὸν κ. Hv 1, 3, 4; cp. m 12, 4, 2. ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κυριεύων B 21:5. οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15. Christ is called παντὸς τοῦ κ. κύριος 5:5; and the κ. owes its origin to his agency J 1:10b. The world was created for the sake of the church Hv 2, 4, 1.—The universe, as the greatest space conceivable, is not able to contain someth. (Philo, Ebr. 32) J 21:25.

④ the sum total of all beings above the level of the animals, the world, as θέατρον ἐγενήθημεν (i.e. οἱ ἀπόστολοι) τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις 1 Cor 4:9. Here the world is divided into angels and humans (cp. the Stoic definition of the κόσμος in Stob., Ecl. I p. 184, 8 τὸ ἐκ θεῶν καὶ ἀνθρώπων σύστημα; likew. Epict 1, 9, 4.—Acc. to Ocellus Luc. 37, end, the κ. consists of the sphere of the divine beyond the moon and the sphere of the earthly on this side of the moon).

⑤ planet earth as a place of inhabitation, the world (SIG 814, 31 [67 A.D.] Nero, ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου κύριος; the meaning of the birthday of Augustus for the world OGI 458, 40 [=IPriene 105]; 2 Macc 3:12; Jos., Ant. 9, 241; 10, 205; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 68)

ⓐ gener. Mk 16:15. τὰς βασιλείας τοῦ κ. Mt 4:8; ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κ. 26:13. Cp. 13:38 (cp. Hs 5, 5, 2); Mk 14:9; Hs 9, 25, 2. τὸ φῶς τοῦ κ. τούτου the light of this world (the sun) J 11:9. In rhetorical exaggeration ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τ. κόσμῳ Ro 1:8 (cp. the Egypt. grave ins APF 5, 1913, 169 no. 24, 8 ὧν ἡ σωφροσύνη κατὰ τὸν κ. λελάληται). Abraham as κληρονόμος κόσμου heir of the world 4:13.—Cp. 1 Cor 14:10; Col 1:6. ἡ ἐν τῷ κ. ἀδελφότης the brotherhood in the (whole) world 1 Pt 5:9. ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κ. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν our Lord has assumed the sovereignty of the world Rv 11:15. τὰ ἔθνη τοῦ κ. (not LXX, but prob. rabbinic אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם=humankind apart fr. Israel; Billerb. II 191; Dalman, Worte 144f) the unconverted in the world Lk 12:30. In this line of development, κόσμος alone serves to designate the polytheistic unconverted world Ro 11:12, 15.—Other worlds (lands) beyond the ocean 1 Cl 20:8.—Many of these pass. bear the connotation of

ⓑ the world as the habitation of humanity (as SibOr 1, 160). So also Hs 9, 17, 1f. εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τὸν κ. of entrance into the world by being born 1 Cl 38:3. ἐκ τοῦ κ. ἐξελθεῖν leave this present world (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 5 ἔξω τ. κόσμου φεύγειν; s. ἐξέρχομαι 5; cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 16, 7) 1 Cor 5:10b; 2 Cl 8:3. γεννηθῆναι εἰς τὸν κ. be born into the world J 16:21. ἕως ἐσμὲν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ κ. 2 Cl 8:2. οὐδὲν εἰσφέρειν εἰς τὸν κ. (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 294 τὸν μηδὲν εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσενηνοχότα) 1 Ti 6:7 (Pol 4:1). πολλοὶ πλάνοι ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸν κ. 2J 7.—ἐν τῷ κόσμω τούτῳ J 12:25 (κ. need not here be understood as an entity hostile to God, but the transition to the nuance in 7b, below, is signalled by the term that follows: ζωὴν αἰώνιον). ἵνα εἰς κόσμον προέλθῃ AcPlCor 2:6.

ⓒ earth, world in contrast to heaven (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 59; Iren., 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 35, 5]; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 15, 24) ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ 2 Cl 19:3.—Esp. when mention is made of the preexistent Christ, who came fr. another world into the κόσμος. So, above all, in John (Bultmann, index I κόσμος) ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τὸν κ. (τοῦτον) J 6:14; 9:39; 11:27; 16:28a; 18:37; specif. also come into the world as light 12:46; cp. 1:9; 3:19. Sending of Jesus into the world 3:17a; 10:36; 17:18; 1J 4:9. His εἶναι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ J 1:10a; 9:5a; 17:12 v.l. Leaving the world and returning to the Father 13:1a; 16:28b. Cp. 14:19; 17:11a. His kingship is not ἐκ τοῦ κ. τούτου of this world i.e. not derived from the world or conditioned by its terms and evaluations 18:36ab.—Also Χρ. Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν εἰς τ. κόσμον 1 Ti 1:15; cp. ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ (opp. ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ) 3:16.—εἰσερχόμενος εἰς τὸν κ. Hb 10:5.

ⓓ the world outside in contrast to one’s home PtK 3 p. 15, 13; 19.

⑥ humanity in general, the world (TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 11 [Stone p. 74]; ApcEsdr 3:6 p. 27, 14; SibOr 1, 189; Just., A I, 39, 3 al.)

ⓐ gener. οὐαὶ τῷ κ. ἀπὸ τῶν σκανδάλων woe to humankind because of the things that cause people to sin Mt 18:7; τὸ φῶς τοῦ κ. the light for humanity 5:14; cp. J 8:12; 9:5. ὁ σωτὴρ τοῦ κ. 4:42; 1J 4:14 (this designation is found in inscriptions, esp. oft. of Hadrian [WWeber, Untersuchungen z. Geschichte des Kaisers Hadrianus 1907, 225; 226; 229]).—J 1:29; 3:17b; 17:6.—κρίνειν τὸν κ. (SibOr 4, 184; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 11 [Stone p. 32]; ApcMos 37) of God, Christ J 12:47a; Ro 3:6; B 4:12; cp. Ro 3:19. Of believers 1 Cor 6:2ab (cp. Sallust. 21 p. 36, 13 the souls of the virtuous, together w. the gods, will rule the whole κόσμος). Of Noah διʼ ἧς (sc. πίστεως) κατέκρινεν τὸν κ. Hb 11:7. ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κ. εἰσῆλθεν Ro 5:12; likew. θάνατος εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν κ. 1 Cl 3:4 (Wsd 2:24; 14:14). Cp. Ro 5:13; 1 Cor 1:27f. περικαθάρματα τοῦ κ. the refuse of humanity 4:13. Of persons before conversion ἄθεοι ἐν τῷ κ. Eph 2:12.—2 Cor 1:12; 5:19; Js 2:5; 1J 2:2; 4:1, 3. ἀρχαῖος κόσμος the people of the ancient world 2 Pt 2:5a; cp. vs. 5b; 3:6. Of pers. of exceptional merit: ὧν οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κ. of whom the world was not worthy Hb 11:38.—ὅλος ὁ κ. all the world, everybody Ac 2:47 D; 1 Cl 5:7; cp. ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κ. 59:2; εἰς ὅλον τὸν κ. Hs 8, 3, 2. Likew. ὁ κόσμος (cp. Philo, De Prov. in Eus., PE 8, 14, 58) ὁ κ. ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθεν J 12:19. ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κ. 8:26; ἐν τῷ κ. 17:13; ἐγὼ παρρησίᾳ λελάληκα τῷ κ. 18:20; cp. 7:4; 14:22. ἵνα γνῷ ὁ κ. 14:31; cp. 17:23; ἵνα ὁ κ. πιστεύῃ 17:21.

ⓑ of all humanity, but especially of believers, as the object of God’s love J 3:16, 17c; 6:33, 51; 12:47b.

⑦ the system of human existence in its many aspects, the world

ⓐ as scene of earthly joys, possessions, cares, sufferings (cp. 4 Macc 8:23) τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδῆσαι gain the whole world Mt 16:26; Mk 8:36; Lk 9:25; 2 Cl 6:2 (cp. Procop. Soph., Ep. 137 the whole οἰκουμένη is an unimportant possession compared to ἀρετή). τὰ τερπνὰ τοῦ κ. the delightful things in the world IRo 6:1. οἱ χρώμενοι τὸν κ. ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι those who use the world as though they had no use of it or those who deal with the world as having made no deals with it 1 Cor 7:31a. ἔχειν τὸν βίον τοῦ κ. possess worldly goods 1J 3:17. τὰ τοῦ κόσμου the affairs of the world 1 Cor 7:33f; cp. 1J 2:15f. The latter pass. forms an easy transition to the large number of exprs. (esp. in Paul and John) in which

ⓑ the world, and everything that belongs to it, appears as that which is hostile to God, i.e. lost in sin, wholly at odds w. anything divine, ruined and depraved (Herm. Wr. 6, 4 [the κόσμος is τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς κακίας]; 13, 1 [ἡ τοῦ κ. ἀπάτη], in Stob. p. 428, 24 Sc.; En 48:7; TestIss 4:6; AscIs 3:25; Hdb., exc. on J 1:10; Bultmann ad loc.—cp. Sotades Maronita [III B.C.] 11 Diehl: the κόσμος is unjust and hostile to great men) IMg 5:2; IRo 2:2. ὁ κόσμος οὗτος this world (in contrast to the heavenly realm) J 8:23; 12:25, 31a; 13:1; 16:11; 18:36; 1J 4:17; 1 Cor 3:19; 5:10a; 7:31b; Hv 4, 3, 2ff; D 10:6; 2 Cl 5:1, 5; (opp. ὁ ἅγιος αἰών) B 10:11. ‘This world’ is ruled by the ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου the prince of this world, the devil J 12:31b; 16:11; without τούτου 14:30. Cp. ὁ κ. ὅλος ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖται the whole world lies in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19; cp. 4:4; also ὁ αἰὼν τοῦ κ. τούτου Eph 2:2 (s. αἰών 4).—Christians must have nothing to do with this world of sin and separation fr. God: instead of desiring it IRo 7:1, one is to ἄσπιλον ἑαυτὸν τηρεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. keep oneself untainted by the world Js 1:27. ἀποφεύγειν τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κ. 2 Pt 2:20; cp. 1:4 (s. ἀποφεύγω 1).—Pol 5:3. ἡ φιλία τοῦ κ. ἔχθρα τ. θεοῦ ἐστιν Js 4:4a; cp. vs. 4b. When such an attitude is taken Christians are naturally hated by the world IRo 3:3; J 15:18, 19ad; 17:14a; 1J 3:13, as their Lord was hated J 7:7; 15:18; cp. 1:10c; 14:17; 16:20.—Also in Paul: God and world in opposition τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ κ. and τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἐκ θεοῦ the spirit of the world and the spirit that comes fr. God 1 Cor 2:12; σοφία τοῦ κ. and σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ 1:20f. ἡ κατὰ θεὸν λύπη and ἡ τοῦ κ. λύπη godly grief and worldly grief 2 Cor 7:10. The world is condemned by God 1 Cor 11:32; yet also the object of the divine plan of salvation 2 Cor 5:19; cp. 1 Cl 7:4; 9:4. A Christian is dead as far as this world is concerned: διʼ οὗ (i.e. Ἰ. Χρ.) ἐμοὶ κ. ἐσταύρωται κἀγὼ κόσμῳ through Christ the world has been crucified for me, and I have been (crucified) to the world Gal 6:14; cp. the question τί ὡς ζῶντες ἐν κ. δογματίζεσθε; Col 2:20b. For στοιχεῖα τοῦ κ. Gal 4:3; Col 2:8, 20a s. στοιχεῖον.—The use of κ. in this sense is even further developed in John. The κ. stands in opposition to God 1J 2:15f and hence is incapable of knowing God J 17:25; cp. 1J 4:5, and excluded fr. Christ’s intercession J 17:9; its views refuted by the Paraclete 16:8. Neither Christ himself 17:14c, 16b; 14:27, nor his own 15:19b; 17:14b, 16a; 1J 3:1 belong in any way to the ‘world’. Rather Christ has chosen them ‘out of the world’ J 15:19c, even though for the present they must still live ‘in the world’ 17:11b; cp. 13:1b; 17:15, 18b. All the trouble that they must undergo because of this, 16:33a, means nothing compared w. the victorious conviction that Christ (and the believers w. him) has overcome ‘the world’ vs. 33b; 1J 5:4f, and that it is doomed to pass away 2:17 (TestJob 33:4; Kephal. I 154, 21: the κόσμος τῆς σαρκός will pass away).

⑧ collective aspect of an entity, totality, sum total (SIG 850, 10 τὸν κόσμον τῶν ἔργων (but s. 1 above); Pr 17:6a) ὁ κ. τῆς ἀδικίας ἡ γλῶσσα καθίσταται the tongue becomes (or proves to be) the sum total of iniquity Js 3:6 (so, approx., Meinertz; FHauck.—MDibelius, Windisch and ASchlatter find mng. 7b here, whereas ACarr, Exp. 7th ser., 8, 1909, 318ff thinks of mng. 1). Χρ. τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου τῶν σῳζομένων σωτηρίας παθόντα Christ, who suffered or died (s. πάσχω 3aα) for the salvation of the sum total of those who are saved MPol 17:2.—FBytomski, D. genet. Entwicklung des Begriffes κόσμος in d. Hl. Schrift: Jahrb. für Philos. und spekul. Theol. 25, 1911, 180–201; 389–413 (only the OT); CSchneider, Pls u. d. Welt: Αγγελος IV ’32, 11–47; EvSchrenck, Der Kosmos-Begriff bei Joh.: Mitteilungen u. Nachrichten f. d. evang. Kirche in Russland 51, 1895, 1–29; RLöwe, Kosmos u. Aion ’35; RBultmann, D. Verständnis v. Welt u. Mensch im NT u. im Griechentum: ThBl 19, ’40, 1–14; GBornkamm, Christus u. die Welt in der urchr. Botschaft: ZTK 47, ’50, 212–26; ALesky, Kosmos ’63; RVölkl, Christ u. Welt nach dem NT ’61; GJohnston, οἰκουμένη and κ. in the NT: NTS 10, ’64, 352–60; NCassem, ibid. 19, ’72/73, 81–91; RBratcher, BT 31, ’80, 430–34.—B. 13; 440. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.