φθί-μενος

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to fly' (Il.).

Other forms: Aor. πτάσθαι, πτέσθαι (all Il.); to this pres. πέταμαι (poet. since Sapph., Arist.) with aor. πετασθῆναι (Arist., LXX), ἴπταμαι (late; s. v.); aor. act. πτῆναι, ptc. πτάς etc. (poet. Hes., also hell. prose); fut. πτήσομαι (IA.), πετήσομαι (Ar.), perf. κατ-έπτηκα (Men.).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, εἰσ-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπερ-. Compounds: a. - πέτης, Dor. - πέτας m.., e.g. ὑψι-πέτης, - ας m. `flying high' (Hom., Pi.), enlarged - ήεις (Hom.); b. - πετής, e.g. ὑπερπετ-ής `flying over' (hell.); c. ἐκπετ-ήσιμος `ready to fly' (Ar. a.o.; hypothesis on the formation in Arbenz 60); d. ἀερσι-πότης and - πότη-τος `flying high' (Hes., AP, Norm.); in spite of Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 95 rather to ποτάομαι as from ποτή.

Derivatives: 1. ποτή f. `flying, flight' (ε 337, h. Merc. 544 [v. l. πτερύγεσσι]); 2. πτῆσις f. `id.' (A., Arist.) with πτήσιμος (Jul.; Arbenz 61); πτῆμα n. `id.' (Suid.). 3. Adj. w. νο-suffix: a. πτηνός, Dor. πτᾱνός `winged, fledged' (Pi., trag., Pl.); b. πετεινός, - ηνός `id.' (Thgn.; Πετήνη Att. shipsname [inscr.]), hardly from *πέτος (cf. Chantraine Form. 196, Benveniste Origines 14), but rather direct from πέτομαι after φαεινός, ὀρεινός a.o.; πετηνός after πτηνός?; c. πετε-ηνός, - εινός `id.' (Il.), w. diektasis (Risch $ 35 d); d. ποτᾱνός `id.' (Pi., Epich., trag. in lyr.; - ηνός ep. poetry in Pl. Phdr. 252 b), prob. rather after ποτάομαι as with Detschew KZ 63, 228 from the rare ποτή. -- 4. Deverbat.: ποτάομαι, - έομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, περι-, ἐκ- a.o., `to fly, to flap' (Il.); πωτάομαι, also w. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, ὑπερ-, `id.' (Μ 287, h. Ap. 442 a.o.; cf. Schwyzer 719 n. 3); to this πωτήεις `flapping' (Nonn.), also πωτήματα pl. `flight' (A. Eu. 250; usu. with Dindorf corrected in ποτ-). -- On πτερόν, πτέρυξ s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] * peth₂- `fly, swoop down, fall'

Etymology: Beside the thematic πέτ-ο-μαι, πτ-έ-σθαι stands the athematic zero grade root-aorist πτά-σθαι, ἔ-πτα-το, πτά-μενος wie φθά-μενος ( φθί-μενος, φθί-σθαι, ἔ-φθι-το). The corresponding full grade in πτῆ-ναι, ἔ-πτᾱ-ν, πτή-σομαι can be old (s. however below). More doubtful is the originality of the disyll. πέτα-μαι, as analogy to πτά-σθαι after πτέ-σθαι: πέτο-μαι may be considered. Certain innovations are ἴπταμαι (after ἵσταμαι) and πετή-σομαι (after πέτομαι). Details w. lit. in Schwyzer 742 a. 681 w. n. 9. -- With πέτομαι agree formally, partly also semantically, Skt., OIr., Lat. a. Celt. forms, e.g. Skt. pátati, Av. pataiti `fly, fall, attack, hurry etc.', Lat. petō `move somewhere, hurry, look for, desire', OWelsh hedant `volant'; doubtful on the contrary the in any case diff. built Hitt. piddāi- (pittii̯ami, pittāizzi usw.) `run, hurry, flee'. Thus ποτέομαι and Skt. patáyati `fly, hurry' agree; however πωτάομαι is independent of Skt. pātáyati `let fall, throw down'. Further the Greek a. Skt. systems are apart. Beside the zero grade thematic Aorist πτ-έσθαι, ἐ-πτ-όμην stands in Skt. an also zero grade and thematic but reduplicated aor. a-pa-pt-at. The zero grade πτᾰ- in πτά-σθαι is found in forms like pa-pti-ma (pf. 1. pl.) (IE pth₂-); the corresponding full grade ptā- is however not represented in Skt. (so πτῆ-ναι analogical after φθῆ-ναι, στῆ-ναι a.o.?, Schwyzer 742). Thus the disyll. πετᾰ- in πέτα-μαι and pati- (e.g. fut. pati-ṣyáti) go without historical connection side by side. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 19ff., Pok. 825f., W.-Hofmann s. petō. Cf. πίπτω, not πίτυλος.

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φθίω, ἔφθιον, each once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.2), the common [tense] pres. being [full] φθίνω, Od.5.161, al. (also [full] φθινύθω, q. v.): [tense] impf.

A

ἔφθῐνον Hdt.3.29

, Pl.Ti. 77a: [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθ (ε) ίσω, e)/fq (e) ισα and ἔφθῐσα (v. infr. 11): [tense] pf. ἔφθῐκα v. l. in Dsc.Praef.6 (cf. φθινάω), ([etym.] ἀπ-) Them.Or.28.341d:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass. (in same sense), [tense] fut. φθίσομαι (leg. φθείσομαι, in view of φθείσω, v. infr. 11) Il.11.821 ( φθειται PGen. (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 (v.l.), Od.13.384: [tense] aor. 1 φθίσασθαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἔφθῐθεν, v. ἀποφθίνω: [tense] aor. 2

ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο A.Th. 971

(lyr.);

ἔφθῐτο Il.18.100

, Thgn.1141 (nisi leg. ἔφθιται), A.Eu. 458, S.OT 962, E.Alc. 414 (lyr.); [ per.] 3pl.

ἐφθίατο Il.1.251

; imper. [ per.] 3sg. φθίσθω ([etym.] ἀπο-) 8.429; [dialect] Ep. subj.

φθίεται 20.173

,

φθιόμεσθα 14.87

; opt. φθίμην ([etym.] ἀπο-) Od.10.51, φθῖτο ([etym.] φθῖτ') 11.330 (the v.l. φθεῖτ' is incorrect); inf.

φθίσθαι Il.9.246

, 13.667, Od.14.117, 15.354, ([etym.] κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect v. l. φθεῖσθαι); part. φθίμενος, v. infr. 1.2: rare in [tense] pf.,

ἔφθιται Od.20.340

, [ per.] 3pl.

ἐξ-έφθινται A.Pers. 679

(lyr.). [Hom. has [pron. full] ῑ in φθίῃς (infr.1.2), [pron. full] ῐ in ἔφθιεν (infr.), φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται: [pron. full] ῑ always in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα (sed v. infr. 11), cf. φθῑσήνωρ, φθῑσίμβροτος (qq. v.): [pron. full] ῐ always in [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses [pron. full] ῑ in φθίνω (prob. fr. Φθῐ-νϝω, cf. φθίνυθω ) whereas [pron. full] ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use [pron. full] ῐ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις: φθῐ- and ψῐ- correspond to Skt. k[snull ]i-, [tense] pres. k[snull ]iṇā´ti, k[snull ]iṇóti, 'he destroys', [voice] Pass. K[snull ][imacracute]yante 'they perish', ák[snull ]itas ( = ἄφθιτος) 'imperishable', [tense] fut. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]ya- ( = φθεισο-), [tense] aor. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]- (= φθεις-).)

I decay, wane, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. [tense] aor. ) first would the night be come to an end, Od.11.330:

τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός S.Aj. 141

(anap.); in this sense mostly in [tense] pres. φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od.11.183, etc.; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, 5.161: esp.

b of the moon, wane, [

σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα Arist.Cael. 291b20

; hence, in monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moon's wane, i.e. towards the month's end, 10.470, etc.; later, μὴν φθίνων, the last decad, IG12.298.17, 328.13, Th.5.54, etc.; opp. ἱστάμενος (

ἵστημι B. 111.4

), μεσῶν, but in Hom., the second half of the month ([etym.] τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο), Od.14.162, 19.307.

c of the stars, decline, set, A.Ag.7 (prob. interpol.).

2 of persons, waste away, pine, perish,

ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς Od.2.368

(perh. [tense] aor. subj. with [pron. full] ῑ metri grat.); ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν was wasting away in mind, Il.18.446 (perh. trans., causing his heart to pine; prob. [tense] impf., but possibly [tense] aor.);

φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ E.Alc. 203

;

ἐκ φόνων S.Tr. 558

; οἱ φθίνοντες consumptive people, Hp.Aph.3.10, cf. Epid.1.24.

b of life, strength, etc.,

οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά Pi.P.1.94

;

φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος S.OC 610

, cf. OT 665 (lyr.);

ὕβρις.. ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. Id.Fr. 786

;

ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν Id.Tr. 548

;

τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει E.Fr.415.5

, cf. Pl.Phd. 71b, Ti. 81b, etc.; c. dat. modi,

πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν.., φθίνουσα δ' ἀγέλαις S.OT25

; of things, fade away, disappear,

ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ Id.Tr. 677

;

τὸ σῶμα φθίνει Hp.Loc.Hom.24

; metaph.,

φθίνοντα Ααΐου θέσφατα S.OT 906

(lyr.), cf. Ant. 1013:—[voice] Pass.,

αὐτὸς φθίεται Il.20.173

, cf. 14.87; more freq. in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor., ἤδη φθ<ε> ίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od.13.384;

τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο Il.18.100

;

δύο γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐφθίατο 1.251

;

νούσῳ ὑπ' ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι 13.667

;

νόσοις ὁ τλήμων ἔφθιτο S.OT 962

; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο wast slain by.., A.Th. 971 (lyr.), cf. E.Med. 1414 (anap.): freq. in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, Od.11.558, al.;

χερσὶν ὑπ' Ἀργείων φθίμενος Il.8.359

;

ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον IG12

. 976; φθίμενοι the dead,

φθιμένοισι μετείην Od.24.436

; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt.7.220, cf. Euph.21;

φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν Pi.I. 4(3).10(28)

, cf. B.5.83;

φθιμένοισιν A.Th. 732

(lyr.);

φθίμενος S.Tr. 1161

, cf. Ant. 836 (anap.);

μηδέτιν' εἰπεῖν.. φθιμένων E.Hec. 137

(anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. φθιτός)

, τὸν φθίμενον A.Th. 336

(lyr., codd.);

τῶν φ. Id.Ag. 1023

(lyr.);

τῶν πρότερον φ. Id.Ch. 403

(anap.); φ. δέμας, σῶμα, mortal, IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); Φθιμένη Perishing, personified as a goddess,

Φυσώ τε Φ. τε Emp. 123.1

: rare in Prose,

τοῖς φθιμένοις X.Cyr.8.7.18

.

II Causal, in [tense] fut. φθ (ε) ίσω, [tense] aor. 1 ἔφθ (ε) ισα (usu. written φθίσω, ἔφθισα in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od.20.67 ) in PHib.1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il.6.407) in cod. A and Et.Gen.cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), cause to decay or pine away, consume, destroy,

φθ (ε) ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος Il.6.407

; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ (ε) ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61;

οἳ μεμάασιν Ὀδυσσῆος φθ (ε) ῖσαι γόνον Od.4.741

;

ἵνα φθ (ε) ίσωμεν ἑλόντες αὐτόν 16.369

; τόν ἔθελον φθ (ε) ῖσαι ib. 428;

τοκῆας.. φθ (ε) ῖσαν θεοί 20.67

: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθῐσα)

, Μοίρας φθίσας A.Eu. 173

;

τὸν.. ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ S.OT 202

;

φυτὸν ἥμερον μήτε φθίνειν μήτε σίνεσθαι Pythag.

ap. D.L.8.23; νῦν σε μοῖρα.. φθίνει, φθίνει dub. in S.El. 1414 (lyr., fort. σοι).