φίλος

ὦ and [full] ὤ, an exclamation, expressing surprise, joy, or pain,

A O! oh! with nom.,

ὢ τάλας ἐγώ S.Aj. 981

, etc.;

ὢ ἔβενος, ὢ χρυσός Theoc.15.123

: also c. gen.,

ὢ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας Luc.Pisc.5

; with interrog.,

ὤ, τί λέγεις; Pl.Prt. 309d

; in the middle of a sentence, E.Hipp. 362 (lyr.), al.

II with voc., a mode of address, whether at the beginning of a sentence or in a parenthesis,

ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Il.1.74

, etc., esp. in dialogue and Oratt., ἐβουλόμην, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὴν δύναμιν κτλ. Antipho.5.1; in invocations of the gods,

ὦ Ζεῦ τε καὶ Γῆ καὶ πολισσοῦχοι θεοί A.Th.69

, etc.; with imper.,

ὦ χαῖρε Id.Ag.22

, S.Aj. 91; ὦ πρὸς θεῶν ὕπεικε ib. 371, cf. D.21.98: sts. following the Verb, E.Tr. 335 (lyr.); in different number from the voc.,

προσέλθετ', ὦ παῖ, πατρί S.OC 1104

, cf. 1112, Sch.Ar.Pl.66.

2 with nom. instead of voc., ὦ δῐος αἰθήρ, ὦ φίλος, A.Pr.88, 545;

ὦ γενναῖος Pl. Phdr. 227c

;

ὦ οὗτος Αἴας S.Aj.89

;

ὦ οὗτος οὗτος Οἰδίπους Id.OC 1627

; also οὗτος, ὦ σέ τοι (sc. καλῶ) Ar.Av. 274.

3 with both together,

φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε Il.4.189

;

ὦ τλάμων πάτερ S.Aj. 641

(lyr., τλᾶμον codd. rec., edd.).

4 with the latter of two nouns,

Ἀγάμεμνον, ὦ Μενέλαε Id.Ph. 794

.—In the first sense usu. written ὤ, in the second ὦ :

[τὸ ὢ] ἡνίκα θαυμαστικὸν λαμβάνεται βαρύνεται, καὶ χωρεῐ εἰς ἐπιρρηματικὴν σύνταξιν, οἷον ὢ Ἡρακλῆς EM79.13

: Thom.Mag. p.408R. prescribes ὢ with the gen., but ὦ with the voc., e.g. ὦ Ἡράκλεις, where the whole expression, and not merely the ὤ ([etym.] ὦ, ) expresses surprise (but A.D.Adv.127.24 seems to imply ὦ in both senses); ὤ as an exclam. is found in forms like ὤ μοι, ὤ μοι ἐγώ, ὢ πρὸς τῶν θεῶν D. l. c.: but ὦ πόποι δυσὶ τόνοις χρῆται Hdn.Gr.1.503, so that ὢ πόποι is improbable, cf. Theognost.Can. 158 (as emended by Lehrs Aristarch.3p.119); ᾤμοι and ὤμοι are both recognized by EM822.33, cf. Lex.Mess.p.413;

ωιμ' Sapph.Supp.23.4

; in E., when it stands in the middle of a sentence, it shd. be written ὤ, Hipp. 362, al.: sts. doubled,

ὢ ὢ κακά A.Ag. 1214

;

ἰὼ ὢ ὤ S.OC 224

(v.l. ὣ ὣ ὣ); written ὼ ώ in Pap. of S.Ichn.61; tripled,

ὢ ὢ ὤ A.Pers. 985

(lyr., prob.). To those who (like D.T.640.11, cf. Sch. D.T.p.257H. ) took ὦ for the voc. of the Art. ὁ, A.D.Synt.45.22-53 replies at length.

σός, σή, σόν, dein, der deinige. Auch objectiv, σὸς πόϑος, Sehnsucht nach dir. In Att. Prosa mit dem Artikel, wenn schon Erwähntes oder sonst Bekanntes bezeichnet wird, sonst ohne Artikel, ὁ σὸς φίλος dein Freund, σὸς φίλος ein Freund von dir

σός, σή, σόν, dein, der deinige. Auch objectiv, σὸς πόϑος, Sehnsucht nach dir. In Att. Prosa mit dem Artikel, wenn schon Erwähntes oder sonst Bekanntes bezeichnet wird, sonst ohne Artikel, ὁ σὸς φίλος dein Freund, σὸς φίλος ein Freund von dir

σός, σή, σόν, dein, der deinige. Auch objectiv, σὸς πόϑος, Sehnsucht nach dir. In Att. Prosa mit dem Artikel, wenn schon Erwähntes oder sonst Bekanntes bezeichnet wird, sonst ohne Artikel, ὁ σὸς φίλος dein Freund, σὸς φίλος ein Freund von dir

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `fallen from heaven', then `heavenly' (h. Ven. 4, οἰωνοί), `hell, clear' (Emp.); s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 311.

Other forms: in Hom. only in διῑπετέος ποταμοῖο (verse end)

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: For διῑπετής (metrical lengthening) may have been with old authors (sch. Od. 4, 477) διειπετής, as Διειτρέφης (inscr.) after ΔιϜεί-φιλος (ep. διί̄φιλος), where the dative was correct. Bechtel Lex. s. v. On the verbal member cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 63, Risch 75. See Schmitt, Indogerm. Dichtersprache 221f. (against Treu's theory).

Page in Frisk: 1,392

Grammatical information: m.

Other forms: Boeot. Lac. etc. Δεύς, voc. Ζεῦ, gen. Δι(Ϝ)ός, dat. (loc.) Δι(Ϝ)ί, dat. also ΔιϜεί (e. g. ΔιϜεί-φιλος;), acc. Ζῆν, since Hom. also Δί-α, Ζῆν-α with Ζην-ός, -ί; nom. Ζήν (A. Supp. 162 [lyr.]; or voc.?), Ζάν (Pythag., Ar.), Ζάς (Pherec. Syr.), gen. Ζανός (inscr. Chios IV^a [? ] a. o.); note Δᾶν (Theocr. 4, 17); more forms in Schwyzer 576f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. and the dict.

Dialectal forms: Myc. dat. diwe \/diwei\/

Compounds: As 1. member in univerbations like Διόσ-κουροι (gen.; also Διεσ-κουρίδου [Priene a. o.]), ΔιϜεί-φιλος (dat.), stemform e. g. in διο-γενής; also Ζηνό-δοτος (for Διόσ-δοτος) a. o.; as 2. member in ἔνδιος, εὑδία, s. vv.; cf. also αὑτόδιον.

Derivatives: δῖος, s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [184] * dieu- `Zeus'

Etymology: Ols name of heaven, of the god of heaven, of the day, preserved esp. in Sanskrit, Greek and Italic, and prob. in Hittite, with several related forms: Ζεύς = Skt. dyáuḥ `(god of) heaven, day', Lat. Iovis and pob. in nu-diūs tertius `(it is) now the third day', i. e. `the day before yesterday', IE *d(i)i̯ēus; also Hitt. * šiuš, šiun(i)- `god'; Ζεῦ πάτερ = Lat. Iūpiter, Ζῆν = Skt. dyā́m, Lat. diem (with new nom. diēs, Diēspiter; cf. also Illyr. Δειπάτυρος); the other oblique cases, ΔιϜ-ός, - εί, -ί, Δία agree with Skt. diváḥ, divé, diví, dívam (partly parallell innovations). New in Greek are Ζῆν-α (after Δί-α) with Ζηνός, -ί, which contains the old acc. *Di̯ē(u)m with early loss of the u̯ seen also in Skt. Dyām; not to IE * din- `day' in Lat. nun-dinae `market-day', Skt. madhyán-dinam `midday' a. o. (after Kretschmer Glotta 14, 303f. also Τιν-δαρίδαι and 30, 93ff). - The α in Ζάς, Ζάν, Ζανός was spread from Elean Olympia, where η became ᾱ, s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. (after Kretschmer Glotta 17, 197) and Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 373. - It is generally assumed that IE *d(i)i̯ēus is an agent noon of the verb seen in Skt. dī́-de-ti `shine', gr. δέατο (s. v.) meaning `shine, glow, light'; *d(i)i̯ēus prop. "the shining, gleaming". Objections in Wackernagel BerlAkSb. 1918, 396ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 315ff.), Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 391. Beside Ζεύς etc. there is an old appellative for `god' in Skt. deváḥ = Lat. deus = Lith. diẽvas a. o., IE *deiu̯os; prop. "the heavenly, caelestis" as deriv. from the noun for `heaven'. - Except Bq see W.-Hofmann s. diēs, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. diẽvas, Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 3, 219ff., Mayrhofer EWAia. s. dyáuh, Benveniste Origines 59f, 166. (Cf. also Τινδαρίδαι).

Page in Frisk: 1,610-611

δεισιδαίμων, ον, gen. ονος can, like δεισιδαιμονία, be used in a denigrating sense ‘superstitious’ (cp. Maximus Tyr. 14, 6f in critique of the δ. as a κόλαξ ‘flatterer’ of the gods μακάριος εὐσεβὴς φίλος θεοῦ, δυστηχὴς δὲ ὁ δεισιδαίμων [s. H. app. and T.’s rdg.]; Philo, Cher. 42; s. Field, Notes 125–27), but in the laudatory introduction of Paul’s speech before the Areopagus Ac 17:22 it must mean devout, religious (so X., Cyr. 3, 3, 58, Ages. 11, 8; Aristot., Pol. 5, 11 p. 1315a, 1; Kaibel 607, 3 πᾶσι φίλος θνητοῖς εἴς τʼ ἀθανάτους δεισιδαίμων) comp. for superl. (as Diog. L. 2, 132): δεισιδαιμονεστέρους ὑμᾶς θεωρῶ I perceive that you are very devout people Ac 17:22 (the Athenians as the εὐσεβέστατοι τ. Ἑλλήνων: Jos., C. Ap. 2, 130. Cp. Paus. Attic. 24, 3 Ἀθηναίοις περισσότερόν τι ἢ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐς τὰ θεῖά ἐστι σπουδῆς).—DELG s.v. δαίμων. TW. Spicq.

μακάριος, ία, ιον (s. prec. and next entry; Pind., Pla., X.+)

① pert. to being fortunate or happy because of circumstances, fortunate, happy.

ⓐ of humans, with less focus on the transcendent dimension compared to usage in 2 below (Chrysippus in Diog. L. 7, 179 calls himself a μακάριος ἀνήρ; Epict. 2, 18, 15; Jos., Ant. 16, 108; 20, 27) ἥγημαι ἐμαυτὸν μακάριον Ac 26:2. Of the widow who remains unmarried μακαριωτέρα ἐστίν she is happier 1 Cor 7:40. μ. ἤμην εἰ τοιαύτην γυναῖκα εἶχον Hv 1, 1, 2 (Chariton 6, 2, 9 μ. ἦν εἰ). Cp. Lk 23:29.

ⓑ of transcendent beings, viewed as privileged, blessed (Aristot., EN 10, 8:1178b, 25f τοῖς θεοῖς ἅπας ὁ βίος μακάριος; Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 123 τ. θεὸν ζῷον ἄφθαρτον κ. μακάριον νομίζων; Herm. Wr. 12, 13b; Sextus 560; Philo, Cher. 86, Deus Imm. 26 ὁ ἄφθαρτος κ. μακάριος, Leg. ad Gai. 5 [other pass. in MDibelius, Hdb./Hermeneia on 1 Ti 1:11]; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190, cp. Ant. 10, 278; cp. Ἰησοῦς ὁ μ. Hippol., Ref. 5, 9, 21) 1 Ti 1:11; 6:15 (BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 179).

② pert. to being esp. favored, blessed, fortunate, happy, privileged, fr. a transcendent perspective, the more usual sense (the general Gr-Rom. perspective: one on whom fortune smiles)

ⓐ of humans privileged recipient of divine favor (Jos., Ant. 9, 264), of Biblical persons (Ἰωβ Did., Gen. 101, 14; cp. ἄγγελοι Orig., C. Cels. 8, 25, 12): Moses 1 Cl 43:1; Judith 55:4; prophets AcPlCor 2:36 (Just., D. 48, 4); Paul (Hippol., Ref. 8, 20, 3; ὁ μ. ἀπόστολος Iren. 5, 2, 3 [Harv. II 321, 4] of Paul; cp. Orig., C. Cels. 5, 65, 7) 1 Cl 47:1; Pol 3:2 (11:3); AcPl Ha 3, 27. Of other prominent Christians, esp. martyrs: Ignatius, Zosimus, Rufus Pol 9:1. Polycarp MPol 1:1; 19:1, 21; 22:1, 3. Of presbyters who have died 1 Cl 44:5. μ. εἶναι ἐν τῇ ποιήσει αὐτοῦ be blessed in what the person does Js 1:25.—In various sentence combinations, in which the copula belonging with μ. is often omitted (B-D-F §127, 4; Rob. 395; Maximus Tyr. 14, 6f; μ. [opp. δυστυχής] εὐσεβὴς φίλος θεοῦ; but Did., Gen. 103, 2: μ. γάρ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία, ὅτε): as the apodosis of a conditional sentence Lk 6:4 D (Unknown Sayings 49–54); 1 Pt 3:14; 4:14; Hm 8:9. The conditional sentence follows J 13:17; 1 Cl 50:5; Hs 6, 1, 1a. W. relative clause foll. Mt 11:6; Lk 7:23; 14:15 (μ. ὅστις Menand., Fgm. 101 Kö., Mon. 340 Mei. al.); Ro 4:7f; 1 Cl 50:6 (both Ps 31:1f); Js 1:12 (PsSol 6:1; 10:1; Sext. 40 μ. ἀνήρ w. rel.); 1 Cl 56:6 (Job 5:17); 10:10 (Ps 1:1.—Maximus Tyr. 33, 5e ὁ μ. ἀνήρ, ὅν); 11:8; Hv 2, 2, 7; Hs 9, 29, 3. μ. ἐν Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ, ὅς IPhld 10:2. The relative clause precedes Hv 3, 8, 4; Hs 5, 3, 9b; 6, 1, 1b. As a predicate w. a subst. or subst. adj. or ptc. μ. ὁ blessed is the one who … (2 Ch 9:7; Da 12:12; PsSol 4:23; ApcEsdr 5:11) Mt 5:3ff (the transl. 0, the happiness of or hail to those, favored by some [Zahn, Wlh., EKlostermann, JWeiss; KBornhäuser, Die Bergpredigt 1923, 24 al.] appears to be exactly right for the Aramaic original [=Hebr. אַשְׁרֵי], but scholars have disputed whether it exhausts the content that μακάριος had in the mouths of Gk.-speaking Christians [s. e.g. Maximus Tyr. 14, 6f μακάριος εὐσεβὴς φίλος θεοῦ, δυστυχὴς δὲ ὁ δεισιδαίμων; Artem. 4, 72 the state of μ. εἶναι is brought about by ascension into heaven and the ὑπερβάλλουσα εὐδαιμονία enjoyed there; other reff. in Betz, SM 97–99].—CMcCown, The Beatitudes in the Light of Ancient Ideals: JBL 46, 1927, 50–61; JRezevskis [Resewski], D. Makarismen bei Mt u. Lk, ihr Verhältnis zu einander u. ihr histor. Hintergrund: StThR I [=IBenzinger Festschr.] ’35, 157–70; JDupont, Les Béatitudes ’54; GStrecker, Die Makarismen der Bergpredigt, NTS 17, ’70/71, 255–75; see lit. s.v. ὄρος); 24:46; Lk 1:45; 6:20ff; 11:28; 12:37; cp. vs. 38, 43; J 20:29; Ro 14:22; Rv 1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7, 14; 1 Cl 40:4; 48:4; 2 Cl 16:4; 19:3; D 1:5; Pol 2:3 (=Lk 6:20; Hv 2, 3, 3). W. ὅτι foll. (JosAs 16:7) Mt 16:17; Lk 14:14; Hs 2:10; 9, 30, 3. W. ὅταν Mt 5:11. Acc. to the reading of Michigan Pap. (ed. CBonner ’34, p. 46, 11f) and of a parchment leaf at Hamburg (SBBerlAk 1909, 1081) Hs 5, 1, 3 contains the words μακάριόν με ποιήσεις ἐάν (so Whittaker and Joly) you will make me happy, if. W. γίνεσθαι 9, 24, 2.

ⓑ of things or experiences blessed (Eur.+; Eccl 10:17)

α. of parts of the body of persons who are the objects of special grace, which are themselves termed blessed: μ. οἱ ὀφθαλμοί Mt 13:16; Lk 10:23. μ. ἡ κοιλία 11:27 (Cleopatra ln. 168f; prob. Christian despite the ref. to Cleop. Of parallels in non-bibl. wr., the next closest is Musaeus, Hero 137 … γαστήρ, ἥ σʼ ἐλόχευσε μακαρτάτη).

β. of things that stand in a very close relationship to the divinity: τὰ δῶρα τ. θεοῦ 1 Cl 35:1. Of the πνεύματα implanted in Christians 1:2 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 41, 51 the εὐδαίμων κ. μακαρία ψυχή). Of the age to come 2 Cl 19:4 (cp. OGI 519, 9 ἐν τοῖς μακαριοτάτοις ὑμῶν καιροῖς; 17).

γ. of martyrdoms MPol 2:1. Of the object of the Christian hope προσδεχόμενοι τὴν μ. ἐλπίδα Tit 2:13 (cp. OGI 383, 108 μακαριστὰς ἐλπίδας). μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον διδόναι ἢ λαμβάνειν Ac 20:35 (cp. Pla., Rep. 496c ὡς μακάριον τὸ κτῆμα; 1 Cl 2:1; Beginn. IV 264; Unknown Sayings, 78–81; EHaenchen, Ac ad loc. On Thu. 2, 97, 4 λαμβάνειν μᾶλλον ἢ διδόναι s. JKilgallen, JBL 112, ’93, 312–14.).—HSanders, HTR 36, ’43, 165–67. S. the lit. s.v. ὄρος and cp. εὐδαιμονέω.—B. 1105. DELG s.v. μάκαρ. Schmidt, Syn. IV 402–6. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.