σύγ-κρᾱσις

σύγ-κρᾱσις, εως, [dialect] Ion. [suff] σύγ-κρησις, ἡ,

A mixing together, commixture, blending, tempering, Hp.VM24, E.Fr.21.4, Pl. Phlb. 64d, etc.;

ἡ σ. τῶν χρωμάτων Id.Plt. 277c

; τῶν στοιχείων (heat and cold) Asclep. ap. Placit.5.21.2; ἥ τε ἐς τοὺς ὀλίγους καὶ τοὺς πολλοὺς ξ. blending of oligarchy with democracy, Th.8.97; ἡ.. ὑγρότης μὴ φέρουσα τὴν πρὸς τὸ φῶς ς. Plu.Arat.10; of friendship, Id.Ant.31, BCH49.483 (Delph.); of bodily constitution or temperament, Ptol.Tetr.8,10.

b Astrol., combination of influence of heavenly bodies, Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.3, Ptol. Tetr.83, 121, Man.2.400.

c ἡ σ. τοῦ ἔτους the temperature or climate, Dsc.1 Praef.7.

II mixture, compound, οὐ θνητὸς οὐδ' ἀθάνατος, ἀλλ' ἔχων τινὰ ς. but compounded so to say of both, Alex.240.2; τὸν καιρὸν.. τῆς σ., i.e. the moment when the dish is neither too hot nor too cold, Id.173.10; τὴν τοῦ βίου ς. Men.685.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `mix, mix up' esp. of wine with water, `temper' (of the climate etc.) (Com., Hyp.)

Other forms: also κεραννύω (Com., Hyp.), κεραίω (Ι 203, Delph. V^a), κεράω (Od.; subj. κέρωνται Δ 260), κίρνημι, - νάω (Od.), aor. κεράσ(σ)αι (Il.), also ( ἐπι-)κρῆσαι (η 164, Hp.), pass. κρᾱθῆναι, κρηθῆναι (IA), also κερασθῆναι (Att.), perf. med. κέκρᾱμαι, - κρη- (Sapph., Pi., IA), also κεκέρασμαι (Arist.), fut. κερῶ (Att.), κεράσω (Them.), pass. κρᾱθήσομαι (Att.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. karatera

Compounds: also with prefix, esp. συν-

Derivatives: A. Of κρᾱ- ( κρη-): 1. κρᾶσις, κρῆσις ( σύγκρ. etc.) `mix' (IA) with *κρᾱσίον \> ModGr. κρασί `wine' (Kretschmer Glotta 15, 64f., Hatzidakis ib. 139f.; on the meaning of κρᾶσις s. Den Dulk Κρᾶσις. Bijdrage tot de Grieksche Lexicographie. Diss. Leiden 1934). 2. κρᾶμα (rarely also κράμμα after βάμμα a. o.), Ion. κρῆμα `mix, alloy', also `mixed wine' (Ion. hell.) with κραμάτιον (Dsc.) and κραμ(μ)άτινος `consisting of an alloy' (pap.). 3. κρᾱτήρ, κρητήρ m. "mixer", `mixing bowl', also metaph., `Krater' (Il.; on the meaning Brommer Herm. 77, 359 a. 366) with κρατηρία `id.' (Dsc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 54) and the diminutiva κρατήριον, κρη- (Hp.), κρατηρ-ίδιον (Boeot., J.), - ίσκος (Delos III^a, Ath.); κρατηρίζω "drink a bowl", `intoxicate oneself' (Sophr., D.; cf. Wackernagel Glotta 14, 52f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 860f.). 4. compounds like ἄ-κρᾱ-τος (- η-) `unmixed' (Il.), αὑτο-κρη-ής "mixed with itself", i. e. `unmixed' (Nic. Al. 163), αὑτό-κρας `id.' (Poll.). - B. Of κερᾰ-: κατα-κέρασις `mixing (with water)' (Arist.), κέρασμα `id.' (hell.), συγ-κερασμός `id.' (gloss.), κεραστός ( εὑ-, ἐγ-κέρ.) `mixed' (D. H., Plu., APl.), κεραστής `mixer' (Orph.), ἐπι-, κατα-κεραστικός `causing a (real) mix' (medic.), μετά-κερας adj. n. `tempered, lukewarm' (Com.), αὑτό-κερας, also as adv. `unmixed' (Poll., Phryn.; cf. αὑτοκρηής). S. also on 2. ἀκήρατος. In the meaning `unxed' ( οἶνος; Dsc. 5, 6, 10) ἀκέραιος is a reinterpretation of ἀκέραιος `undamaged'; s. on 1. ἀκήρατος.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [582] *ḱerh₂- `mix;

Etymology: With the verbal adjective (ἄ)-κρᾱτος agrees Skt ptc. ā́-śīr-ta- `mixed'; both Gr. κρᾱ-, κρη- and Skt. śīr- represent the zero grade of a disyll. root. This root is seen in κερά-σαι (beside analogical κεράσ-σαι); (there is no Skt. *á-śari-ṣam). Nasal presents are Skt. śrī-ṇā́-ti and κίρ-νη-μι; both forms however are renewed or reshaped. An IE. *ḱr-nā-ti should have been Skt. *śr̥-ṇā́-ti (seen in the homonymous word for `break'), and Gr. *κάρ-νη-σι; the ι in κίρνημι is rather innovation after the reduplicating presents τίθημι, γίγνομαι etc. than old reduced grade. - To old κερά-σαι came the innovations κεραίω, κεράω, κεράννυμι (Schwyzer 676, 681, 697) just like κερῶ, κεράσω, κερασθῆναι, κεκέρασμαι (both with analogical σ); old(er) were κρᾱ-θῆναι, κέ-κρᾱ-μαι (like βλη-θῆναι, βέ-βλη-μαι a. o.). - Another system is provided by Oldiranian in the also semantically deviating Av. sar- `unite' (which must perhaps be separated; Gonda Acta Or. 14, 201; s. also Wackernagel-Debrunner KZ 67, 174 = Kl. Schr. 1, 390) - Further Pok. 582.

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κεράνν-ῡμι, also [suff] κερανν-ύω Alc.Com.15, Hyp.Fr.69; [dialect] Ep. [full] κεραίω and [full] κεράω (qq.v.); subj.

A

κεραννύω Pl.Phlb. 61b

: [tense] impf.

ἐκεράννυν Luc.VH 1.7

: [tense] fut. κεράσω [ᾰ] Them.Or.27p.340D.: [tense] aor.

ἐκέρᾰσα Hp.VM3

, (ἐν-) Pl.Cra. 427c, poet.

κέρᾰσα E.Ba. 127

(lyr.), [dialect] Ep.

κέρασσα Od.5.93

, [dialect] Ion.

ἔκρησα Hp.Int.35

:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.

ἐκερᾰσάμην Ti.Locr.95e

, [dialect] Ep.

κεράσσατο Od.18.423

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. κραθήσομαι [ᾱ] Pl.Ep. 326c, ( συγ-) E. Ion 406: [tense] aor. ἐκράθην [ᾱ] Th.6.5, E. Ion 1016, Pl.Phd. 86c; [dialect] Ion.

ἐκρήθην Hp.VM19

;

ἐκεράσθην Pl.Phlb. 47c

, Ti. 85a, X.An.5.4.29, Phylarch.10J.: [tense] pf.

κέκρᾱμαι Pi.P.10.41

, etc.; [dialect] Ion.

κέκρημαι Hp. VM13

, Acut.21;

κεκέρασμαι Arist.Fr. 549

, D.H.Comp.24, Anacreont. 16.13, etc.: [tense] plpf.

ἐκέκρᾱτο Sapph.51.1

:—mix, mingle (diff. from μείγνυμι, v. κρᾶσις):

1 mostly of diluting wine with water,

κερῶντάς τ' αἴθοπα οἶνον Od.24.364

;

κέρασσε δὲ νέκταρ ἐρυθρόν 5.93

;

κέρασον ἄκρατον Ar.Ec. 1123

, cf. Th.6.32: abs., τοῖς θεοῖς εὐχόμενοι κεραννύωμεν let us mix a cup of wine, Pl.Phlb. 61b;

ἂν μὴ κεράσῃ τις Antiph.85.2

: c. dat. pers., give to drink,

ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασε κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν Apoc.18.6

:—Hom. mostly in [voice] Med., ὅτε περ.. οἶνον.. ἐνὶ κρητῆρι κέρωνται mix their wine in the bowl, Il. 4.260, cf. Od.20.253; κρητῆρα κεράσσατο he mixed a bowl, 3.393, 18.423:—[voice] Pass., πῶς οὖν κέκραται [σκύφος]; E.Cyc. 557; κύλιξ ἴσον ἴσῳ κεκραμένη a cup mixed half and half, Ar.Pl. 1132; κεκρ. τρία

καὶ δύο Id.Eq. 1187

, cf. AP11.137 (Lucill.).

2 temper, cool by mixing, θυμῆρες κεράσασα having mixed (the water) to an agreeable temperature, Od.10.362.

3 generally, mix, blend,

ἡδονὴν φθόνῳ Pl.Phlb. 50a

;

τοῖς ὀνόμασι τὰ ῥήματα Id.Sph. 262c

;

νοῦς μετ' αἰσθήσεων κραθείς Id.Lg. 961d

, cf. Ti.l.c.;

πίστεως αἰσθήσει κεκραμένης Plot.4.7.15

;

ἀγωγὴν ἐξἀμφοῖν κ. Phld.Acad.Ind.p.77

M.; [

οὐσία] οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν ἄκρων κραθεῖσα Jul.Or.4.139a

; of metals,

ἀργυρίῳ πρὸς χαλκὸν κεκραμένῳ χρῆσθαι D.24.214

: metaph., temper, regulate, of climates, ὧραι κάλλιστα κεκρημέναι most temperate, Hdt.3.106;

ὧραι μετριώτατα κ. Pl.Criti. 111e

;

ἔαρ κ. τῇ ὥρᾳ X.Cyn.5.5

; [

πλοῦτον] ἀρετᾷ κεκραμένον Pi.P.5.2

; οὐ γῆρας κέκραται γενεᾷ no old age is mingled with the race, i.e.it knows no old age, ib.10.41, cf. O.10(11).104;

ἐν ταῖς εὖ κεκρ. πολιτείαις Arist.Pol. 1307b30

; of tempers of mind,

ἤθει γεννικωτέρῳ κεκρᾶσθαι Pl.Phdr. 279a

;

τοῖς ἤθεσιν.. τούτοις ἡ φύσις κεράννυται Alex. 278b

(iii p.744 K.); of Music,

ἁρμονίας ῥυθμοῖς κραθείσας Pl.Lg. 835b

;

τῆς εὖ κεκραμένης ἁρμονίας Arist.Pol. 1290a26

;

μετρίως κραθῆναι πρὸς ἄλληλα Pl.Phd.

l.c.

II compound,

ἐκ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τὸ ἀνδρείκελον Id.R. 501b

;

οὐκ ἀπίθανον λόγον Id.Phdr. 265b

; θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη; A.Pr. 116;

φωνὴ μεταξὺ τῆς τε Χαλκιδέων καὶ Δωρίδος ἐκράθη Th.6.5

.

III Gramm., in [voice] Pass., coalesce by crasis,

τὸ ῥῆμα καὶ ὁ σύνδεσμος συναλοιφῇ κερασθέντα D.H.Comp.22

.

IV multiply into,

ὅταν ὁ τῆς δεκάδος λόγος τῷ τῆς ἑβδομάδος κερασθῇ Theol.Ar. 50

.