σωτηρ-ία

σωτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ (σῴζω) one who rescues, savior, deliverer, preserver, as a title of divinities Pind., Aeschyl.+; ins, pap; TestSol 17:4. This was the epithet esp. of Asclepius, the god of healing (Ael. Aristid. 42, 4 K. ς. τῶν ὅλων; OGI 332, 9 [138–133 B.C.], s. note 8; SIG 1112, 2; 1148); Celsus compares the cult of Ascl. w. the Christian worship of the Savior (Origen, C. Cels. 3, 3). Likew. divinities in the mystery religions, like Sarapis and Isis (Σαράπιδι Ἴσιδι Σωτῆρσι: OGI 87; Sb 597 [both III B.C.]; Sb 169 [Ptolemaic times]; 596; CIG 4930b [I B.C.]), as well as Heracles (τῆς γῆς κ. τῶν ἀνθρώπων ς.: Dio Chrys. 1, 84) or Zeus (Ael. Aristid. 52 p. 608 D.: Ζεὺς ὁ ς.).—GAnrich, Das antike Mysterienwesen 1894, 47ff; GWobbermin, Religionsgesch. Studien 1896, 105ff.—In gnostic speculation: ὁ ς. = ὁ παράκλητος Iren. 1, 4, 5 (Harv. I, 38, 9). The LXX has σωτήρ as a term for God; so also ApcSed 13:6 p. 135, 29 Ja.; and so do Philo (s. MDibelius, Hdb., exc. on 2 Ti 1:10) and SibOr 1, 73; 3, 35; but ς. is not so found in EpArist, Test12Patr, or Josephus (s. ASchlatter, Wie sprach Jos. von Gott? 1910, 66).—At an early date σωτήρ was used as a title of honor for deserving pers. (s. X., Hell. 4, 4, 6, Ages. 11, 13; Plut., Arat. 53, 4; Herodian 3, 12, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Ocyp. 78 in an address to a physician [s. θεός 4a]; JosAs 25:6 [of Joseph]; the same phrase IXanthos p. 45 no. 23, 3f, of Marcus Agrippa [I B.C.]; Jos., Vi. 244; 259 Josephus as εὐεργέτης καὶ σωτήρ of Galilee), and in ins and pap we find it predicated of high-ranking officials and of persons in private life. This is never done in our lit. But outside our lit. it is applied to personalities who are active in the world’s affairs, in order to remove them fr. the ranks of ordinary humankind and place them in a significantly higher position. For example, Epicurus is called σωτήρ by his followers (Philod.: pap, Herc. 346, 4, 19 ὑμνεῖν τὸν σωτῆρα τὸν ἡμέτερον.—ARW 18, 1930, 392–95; CJensen, Ein neuer Brief Epikurs: GGAbh. III/5, ’33, 80f). Of much greater import is the designation of the (deified) ruler as ς. (Ptolemy I Soter [323–285 B.C.] Πτολεμαῖος καὶ Βερενίκη θεοὶ Σωτῆρες: APF 5, 1913, 156, 1; see Sb 306 and oft. in later times, of Roman emperors as well [Philo, In Flacc. 74; 126, Leg. ad Gai. 22; cp. Jos., Bell. 3, 459]).—PWendland, Σωτήρ: ZNW 5, 1904, 335ff; Magie 67f; HLietzmann, Der Weltheiland 1909; WOtto, Augustus Soter: Her 45, 1910, 448–60; FDölger, Ichthys 1910, 406–22; Dssm., LO 311f (LAE 368f); ELohmeyer, Christuskult u. Kaiserkult 1919; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 241ff; EMeyer III 392ff; E-BAllo, Les dieux sauveurs du paganisme gréco-romain: RSPT 15, 1926, 5–34; KBornhausen, Der Erlöser 1927; HLinssen, Θεος Σωτηρ, diss. Bonn 1929=Jahrb. f. Liturgiewiss. 8, 1928, 1–75; AOxé, Σωτήρ b. den Römern: WienerStud 48, 1930, 38–61; WStaerk, Soter, I ’33; II ’38. S. also GHerzog-Hauser, Soter … im altgriech. Epos ’31; ANock, s.v. εὐεργέτης.—CColpe, Die Religionsgeschichtliche Schule ’61 (critique of some of the lit. cited above); FDanker, Benefactor ’82.

ⓐ of God ὁ θεὸς ὁ σωτήρ μου (Ps 24:5; 26:9; Mi 7:7 al.) Lk 1:47. θεὸς ς. ἡμῶν 1 Ti 1:1; Jd 25. ὁ ς. ἡμῶν θεός 1 Ti 2:3; Tit 1:3; 2:10; 3:4. ς. πάντων ἀνθρώπων μάλιστα πιστῶν 1 Ti 4:10 (cp. PPetr III, 20 I, 15 [246 B.C.] πάντων σωτῆρα and s. above Heracles as τῶν ἀνθρώπων ς. and in b below Sarapis). ὁ τῶν ἀπηλπισμένων σωτήρ the Savior of those in despair 1 Cl 59:3.

ⓑ of Christ (Just., A I, 33, 7 τὸ … Ἰησοῦς … σωτὴρ τῇ Ἑλληνίδι διαλέκτῳ δηλοῖ) Lk 2:11; Ac 13:23; Phil 3:20; Dg 9:6; Ox 840, 12; 21 (restored); 30; GMary 463, lines 4, 8, 18, 22, 31; Ox 1081, 27 (SJCh 90, 4); Qua. W. ἀρχηγός Ac 5:31; 2 Cl 20:5 (ἀρχηγὸς τῆς ἀφθαρσίας). σωτὴρ τοῦ σώματος Savior of the body (i.e. of his body, the Christian community) Eph 5:23. ὁ σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου (ins; cp. WWeber, Untersuchungen zur Gesch. des Kaisers Hadrianus 1907, 225f; 222) J 4:42; 1J 4:14. ς. τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Ael. Aristid. 45, 20 K.=8 p. 90 D. calls Sarapis κηδεμόνα καὶ σωτῆρα πάντων ἀνθρώπων αὐτάρκη θεόν) GPt 4:13. ὁ ς. ἡμῶν Χρ. Ἰ. 2 Ti 1:10; ISm 7:1; w. Χρ. Ἰ. or Ἰ. Χρ. preceding Tit 1:4; 3:6; IEph 1:1; IMg ins; Pol ins. ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ ς. ἡμῶν Χρ. Ἱ. our great God and Savior Christ Jesus Tit 2:13 (cp. PLond III, 604b, 118 p. 80 [47 A.D.] τῷ μεγάλῳ θεῷ σωτῆρι; but the presence of καί Tit 2:13 suggests a difft. semantic aspect and may justify the rendering in NRSV mg). S. MDibelius, exc. after Tit 2:14; HWindisch, Z. Christologie der Past.: ZNW 34, ’35, 213–38.—ὁ σωτὴρ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. IPhld 9:2. ὁ ς. τῶν ψυχῶν MPol 19:2. ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν καὶ ς. Ἰ. Χρ. 2 Pt 1:1. ὁ κύριος (ἡμῶν) καὶ ς. Ἰ. Χρ. vs. 11; 2:20; 3:18; without any name (so ὁ σωτήρ [meaning Asclep.] Ael. Aristid. 47, 1 K.=23 p. 445 D.; 66 K.=p. 462 D.; 48, 7 K.=24 p. 466 D.—Orig., C. Cels. 6, 64, 16; Hippol., Ref. 5, 8, 27) 2 Pt 3:2; AcPl Ha 8, 29 (restored: καὶ σωτῆρα). S. Loewe s.v. σωτηρία end.—Pauly-W. 2, VI 1211–21; Kl. Pauly V 289; RAC VI 54–219; DLNT 1082–84; BHHW I 430–32.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

σωτῆρα, σωτήρ

saviour: masc acc sg

σωτῆρι, σωτήρ

saviour: masc dat sg

σωτῆρε, σωτήρ

saviour: masc nom /voc /acc dual

σωτῆρα, σωτήρ

saviour: masc acc sg

σωτῆρι, σωτήρ

saviour: masc dat sg

σωτῆρε, σωτήρ

saviour: masc nom /voc /acc dual

σωτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ, voc. σῶτερ (v. infr. 1.2): poet. [full] σᾰωτήρ Simon. 129, Call.Del. 166: ([etym.] σῴζω):—

A saviour, deliverer, c. gen. of person etc. saved, σ. ἀνθρώπων, νηῶν, h.Hom.22.5, 33.6;

τῆς Ἑλλάδος Hdt. 7.139

;

ἑστίας πατρός A.Ch. 264

; but also c. gen. rei, [νόσου], κακῶν, βλάβης, a preserver from disease, ills, hurt, S.OT 304, E. Med. 360 (anap.), Heracl. 640; c. dat.,

σ. τῇ πόλει καὶ νῷν φανείς Ar.Eq. 149

; σ. δόμοις. Id.Nu. 1161; of a philosopher or guide,

ὁδηγόν.. ὅν φησι σωτῆρα μόνον Phld.Lib.p.20

O.; esp. of Epicurus,

ὁ σ. ὁ ἡμέτερος Polystr.Herc.346p.80V.

2 epith. of Ζεύς, Pi.O. 5.17, Fr.30.5, IG22.410.18 (iv B.C.), etc.; to whom persons after a safe voyage offered sacrifice, Diph.43.24; there was often a temple of Ζεὺς Σ. at harbours, e.g. the Piraeus, Str.9.1.15; to Ζεὺς Σωτήρ the third cup of wine was dedicated,

τρίτον Σωτῆρι σπένδειν Pi.I.6(5).8

;

τρίτην Διὸς Σωτῆρος εὐκταίαν λίβα A.Fr.55

;

Ζεῦ σῶτερ Ar.Th. 1009

, Din.1.36;

ὦ Ζεῦ σῶτερ Philem.79.21

, Men.532.2; to drink this cup became a symbol of good luck, and the third time came to mean the lucky time, τρίτος ἦλθέ ποθεν--σωτῆρ' ἢ μόρον εἴπω; A.Ch. 1073 (anap.); whence the proverb τὸ τρίτον τῷ σωτῆρι the third (i.e. the lucky) time, Pl.R. 583b, Phlb. 66d, Chrm. 167a; and Zeus was himself called

τρίτος σ., Παλλάδος καὶ Λοξίου ἕκατι καὶ τοῦ πάντα κραίν οντος τρίτου σωτῆρος A.Eu. 760

, cf. Supp.26 (anap.).

b epith. of other gods, as of Apollo, Id.Ag. 512, etc.; of Hermes, Id.Ch.2; of Asclepios, IG4.718 ([place name] Hermione), 7.2808 (Hyettus, iii A.D.), BMus. Cat.Coins Pontus p.156 ([place name] Nicaea);

σ. εὐρυχόρου Λακεδαίμονος Isyll. 82

;

τὸν σ. τῶν ὅλων Ἀσκληπιόν Jul.Or.4.153b

;

Ζεὺς Ἀσκληπιὸς σ. τῶν ὅλων Aristid.Or.42(6).4

; of the Dioscuri, IG12(3).422 (Thera, iii B.C.), 14.2406.108 ([place name] Tarentum), etc.; even with fem. deities, Τύχη σωτήρ, for σώτειρα, A.Ag. 664, S.OT81: generally, of guardian or tutelary gods, Hdt.8.138, A.Supp. 982, S.Ph. 738;

τοῖς ἀποτροπαίοις καὶ σωτῆρσι X.HG3.3.4

.

3 applied to rulers, διὰ σέ, βασιλεῦ (viz. Ptolemy IV Philopator), τὸν πάντων κοινὸν ς. PEnteux. 11.6 (iii B.C.); Πτολεμαῖος Σ. OGI19.1, al.; Ἀντίοχος Σ. ib.233.3, al.; of Roman Emperors or governors, ib.668.3 (Egypt, i A.D.), PLond.1.177.24 (i A.D.), etc.

4 in LXX and NT, applied to God, LXX De.32.15, al., 1 Ep.Ti.1.1, al.; to Christ, Ev.Luc.2.11, al.

II in Poets, as Adj.,

σ. ναὸς πρότονος A.Ag. 897

, cf. Pi.Fr. 159; with a fem. noun, γονῆς σωτῆρος (as Herm. for γυνή) A. Th. 225; τιμαὶ σωτῆρες the office or prerogative of saving, of the Dioscuri, E.El. 993 (anap.).

III name of a month created by Caligula, BGU 1078 (38 A.D.), PRyl.2.149 (39/40 A.D.), etc.

σωτήρ (-ήρ, -ῆρος, -ῆρι, -ήρ voc.)

     σωτήρ

    I

    - ῆρος adj.

    1) спасательный

    

(ναὸς πρότονος Aesch.)

    2) спасающий, охраняющий

    

(γονή Aesch.)

    II

    - ῆρος ὅ спаситель, избавитель или хранитель, покровитель

    

σ. τινος HH., Her., Aesch. — хранитель (покровитель) кого(чего)-л. или Soph., Eur. спаситель (избавитель) от чего-л.;

Σωτῆρα, Σωτήρης

masc voc sg

Σωτῆρα, Σωτήρης

masc nom sg (epic)

Σωτῆραι, Σωτήρης

masc nom /voc pl

Σωτῆρα, Σωτήρης

masc voc sg

Σωτῆρα, Σωτήρης

masc nom sg (epic)

Σωτῆραι, Σωτήρης

masc nom /voc pl

σωτήρ

saviour: masc nom sg

σωτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ, Retter, Erhalter, Befreier, Beglücker; c. gen. der Sache, von der er befreit, rettet; ihm ward bei Trinkgelagen der dritte Becher Weins dargebracht. Daher sprichwörtlich: τὸ τρίτον τῷ σωτῆρι, zum dritten Male, da aller guten Dinge drei sind; überh. Schutzgott

4990 σωτήρ

▲ ключ.сл.

4990 σωτήρ

▲ ключ.сл.

Спаситель

⁺ ὁ N 3 1-6-7-12-15=41 Dt 32,15; Jgs 3,9.15

saviour, deliverer Neh 9,27; Saviour (God) Dt 32,15

Cf. HAERENS 1948, 57-68; HOLTZMANN 1912, 270-271; LARCHER 1985, 901; LAUNEY 1950, 914-919;

MERKELBACH 1971, 14; NOCK 1972, 720-735; SPICQ 1978a, 629-641; →NIDNTT; TWNT

σωτήρ-ιος, ον,

A saving, delivering,

αὐγαὶ ἡλίου A.Supp. 213

, cf. Th.3.53, Pl.Plt. 311a, etc.;

θεοί BGU 362v 1

(iii A.D.); of symptoms, betokening recovery, Hp.Aph.7.37;

ὀλιγοχρόνιόν τε καὶ σωτήριον δηλοῖ τὸ νόσημα Gal.9.574

; ἐλπὶς σπέρματος σωτηρίου hope of seed to preserve or perpetuate the race, A.Ch. 236; δέχεσθαι τὸν ἱκέτην σωτήριον who brings safety to our state, S.OC 487 codd.

b c. dat., bringing safety or deliverance to.., ὕδωρ ἰχθύσι ς. Heraclit.61; ἄριστα καὶ πόλεις. A.Th. 183, cf. Ch. 505, E.Heracl. 402, Ph. 918;

νηυσίν τε καὶ ναύτῃσιν IG12(8)

p.x (Thasos, vi/V B.C.): also c. gen., τῆς βασιλικῆς ἀρχῆς ς. Pl.Ep. 354b, cf. Arist.Pol. 1314a13: [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup.,

τὸ πείθεσθαι σωτηριώτερον αὐτοῖς X.Mem.3.3.10

;

ἵππος -ώτατος τῷ ἀναβάτῃ Id.Eq.3.12

.

2 of persons, much like σωτήρ, E. Or. 657, Ba. 965, etc.; θεοί, Ζεὺς ς., S.El. 281, Fr. 425: c. dat., Th.7.64; [Ἑλένη] ναυτίλοις ς. E.Or. 1637: c. gen. pers.,

τάχ' ἂν γενοίμεθ' αὐτοῦ.. σωτήριοι S.Aj. 779

.

II as Subst., σωτήρια, τά, deliverance, safety,

τἀκείνου σωτήρια Id.El. 925

(so

σ. πράγματα A.Ag. 646

); ἡ ἐλπὶς τῶν ς. Arist.Rh. 1383a17: also in sg., ἔρυμα τῆς χώρας καὶ πόλεως ς. A.Eu. 701;

ἐπινοεῖν τι σ. τοῖς παροῦσι Luc.JTr.18

, cf. DMeretr.9.3.

2 σωτήρια (sc. ἱερά) τά, a thank-offering for deliverance,

σ. θύειν θεοῖς X.An.3.2.9

, 5.1.1, cf. Marm.Par.7, etc.;

σ. ἄγειν Luc.Herm. 86

; σ. τοῦ βασιλέως πανηγυρίζειν for his escape, Hdn.1.10.7; of a festival at Delphi, commemorating the retreat of the Gauls, SIG402.5 (iii B.C.), etc.

3 physician's fee, Poll.6.186.

4 public privy, at Smyrna, AP9.642 (in lemmate), Suid.

III Σωτήριος (sc. μήν), ὁ, also written Σωτήρειος, name of a month, PLond.2.141 (i A.D.), PFlor. 55 (i A.D.), etc.

IV Adv.

- ίως Antip.Stoic.3.256

, Ph.2.12, al., Plu.Luc.5, S.E.M.9.113, etc.; σ. ἔχειν to be capable of recovery, Plu. 2.918d.

σωτήρ

saviour: masc gen pl

σωτηρ-ία, [dialect] Ion. -ιη, ἡ,

A deliverance, preservation,

σωτηρίην ὑποθησόμενον ὑμῖν Hdt.5.98

;

σ. μηχανᾶσθαι Id.7.172

;

σ. Ἕλλησι δώσουσ' ἔρχομαι E.IA 1472

;

σ. κατεργάσασθαι Id.Heracl. 1045

;

φέρειν Id.Tr. 753

; ἀπεργάζεσθαι, πορίζειν, ἐκπορίζεσθαι, Pl.Lg. 647b, Prt. 321b, Th.6.83;

σωτηρίαν ἔχειν S.Aj. 1080

, E.Or. 1178, etc.;

ζητεῖν Isoc.4.95

;

εὑρίσκεσθαι Aeschin.3.134

; also

σωτηρίας τυχεῖν A.Pers. 508

, Ch. 203, X.Cyr.4.1.2, etc.; ἐνεύχομαί σοι τὴν Ἀπολλωνίου ς. PCair.Zen.482.4 (iii B.C.); ὀμνύω σωι (or σοι) τὴν σαυτοῦ ς. ib.324.2 (iii B.C.); ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας.. Αὐτοκράτορος, = Lat. pro salute Imperatoris, OGI1678.1 (Egypt, ii A.D.).

2 a way or means of safety (=

μηχανὴ σωτηρίας A.Th. 209

), ἔστι τις ς.; Id.Pers. 735 (troch.); ἔχεις τιν'.. ς.; E.Or. 778 (troch.), cf. Ar.Eq.12;

εἰς σ. ἄλλην καταφυγεῖν Antipho 2.4.1

, cf. Th.3.20.

3 safe return, ἡ ἐς τὴν πατρίδα ς. Id.7.70; ἡ οἴκαδε ς. D.50.16, cf. Plu.2.241e;

ἡ σ. ἣν συνέβη τῷ πατρὶ δεῦρο D.57.20

; νόστιμος ς. A.Pers. 797, Ag. 343, 1238.

4 in LXX and NT, salvation,

ὁ θεὸς τῆς σ. μου LXX Ps.50(51).14

, al.;

σ. ψυχῶν 1 Ep.Pet. 1.9

; εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ς. Ep.Eph.1.13, etc.

II of things, keeping safe, preservation, Hdt.4.98; c. gen., A.Eu. 909, Pl.R. 433c, etc.; maintenance,

τῶν οἰκοδομημάτων καὶ ὁδῶν Arist.Pol. 1321b21

;

τῶννόμων Pl.R. 425e

; τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τῶν ἄστρων, Arist.Cael. 284a20, Mete. 355a20.

2 security, guarantee for safety, σ. ἔστω τῶν ὑποκειμένων guarantee for the safe keeping of.., Syngr. ap. D.35.13; σωτηρίας ἕνεκα τοῖς πολλοῖς τῶν σωμάτων for their safe custody,, Pl.Lg. 908a; ἐπὶ τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς σωτηρίᾳ ib. 909a; σωτηρίαι τῆς πολιτείας ways of preserving it, Arist.Pol. 1301a23, cf. 1289b24, Pl.Prt. 354b.

3 security, safety,

τοῦ κοινοῦ Th.2.60

;

τοῦ βίου Pl.Prt. 356d

.

4 c. gen. obj., security against,

ἀπορίας Philem.213.12

.

5 bodily health, well-being, BGU423.13 (ii A.D.), POxy.939.20 (iii A.D.), etc.