σάϝος

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `safe, healthy, intact' (Att.; also Hom., Hdt.).

Other forms: σάος (ep. poet. Il. [ σαώτερος], also Cypr., Arc., Lac. etc.), σῶος (Hdt., Hp., X., hell.), σόος (ep., also Hdt.); comp. σαώτερος (A 32, X., Theoc., AP).

Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ΣαϜο-κλέϜης (Cypr.), σαό-φρων (ep. poet.), σώ-φρων (Att.), Σαυ-κράτης (Boeot.), Σά-δαμος (Arc.); as 2. member in νηο-, τεκνο-σσόος (poet.; cf. on σεύομαι).

Derivatives: Ep. aor. σαῶ-σαι, pass. σαωθῆναι, to which fut. σαώσω, pres. σαόω; with contraction IA. σῶσαι, σωθῆναι, σώσω (inscr. σωῶ), σῴζω (ε 490, Hes. Op. 376; from *σω-ΐζω); to this perf. midd. σέσωσμαι (trag.), σέσωμαι (Pl. a.o.), act. σέσωκα (hell.), often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, `to keep alive, to save', midd. pass. intr. `to stay alive, to save oneself'. As 1. member a. o. in σωσί-πολις `saving the city' (Ar., Str. a.o.). From the verb: 1. σωτήρ, - ῆρος m. `saviour' (h. Hom., Pi., IA.) with σωτηρ-ία, - ίη f. `rescue', - ιος `bringing rescue, saving' (IA.), - ιώδης `wholesome' (Gal. a.o.), - ιασταί m. pl. `worshippers' of the θεοὶ σωτῆρες resp. of Ἄρτεμις Σώτειρα (Rhod., Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 178). Archaising byforms: σαωτήρ (Call. a.o.), σαώτωρ (Maiist. III^a), Σαώτης surn. of Dionysos (AP, Paus.); hypocorist. enlargement Σωτήριχος PN (Plu., Luc. a.o.). 2. f. σώτειρα. (Pi., IA.). 3. σῶστρα n. pl. (- σ- as in σέσω-σ-μαι a.o.) `reward for saving, thank-offering for saving lives' (Hdt., X. etc.) with σαοστρεῖ 3. sg. (prob. = σαω-; Cephallenia). 4. σωστικός ( δια-) `saving, preserving' (Arist. etc.). 5. δια-σώστης m. `policeman' (Just.). 6. ἀνα-σωσμός (Aq.), - σωσμα (Tz.) `rescue' -- On the frequent PN in Σω(ι-), Σωσ(ι)-, Σωτ(ο)- a.o. s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 413 ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1080] *teu̯h₂- `be strong' (meaning incorrect in Pok.)

Etymology: The above forms can all go back on PGr. σάϜος (Cypr. ΣαϜο-κλέϜης); positing alternative basic forms like *σῶϜος or *σω[υ]ς is unnecessary. From σά(Ϝ)ος arose by contraction σῶς, from where through thematisation (via n. pl. σῶα, sg. σῶον?) σῶος; ep. σόος for σάος after σῶς or through metr. lengthening. Extensive treatment by Leumann Μνήμης χάριν 2, 8 ff. (Kl. Schr. 266 ff.) w. further details and rich lit. -- PGr. σάϜος can stand for IE *tu̯h₂-eu̯o-s; or rather it is a thematization of *σαυς \< *tu̯eh₂-us. Ablaut with *tu̯ō-ro-s, *tu̯ō-mn̥ (in σωρός?, σῶμα??) is quite uncertain; the basic meaning would then be approx. `be strong' (Prellwitz a.o.; s. Bq), which fits badly for a corpse; *tu̯oh₂-mn̥ is simple, but o-grade is improbable. Cf. σωρός and ταΰς, also on σαίνω.

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σῶς (A), ὁ, ἡ, σῶν, τό, defect. Adj. of which the foll. forms occur: [dialect] Att. and later Gr. nom. σῶς, σῶν, Th.8.81, D.21.126; acc.

A

σῶν Th.3.34

, D.20.142; nom. pl. σῷ (written σῶ, but cf. EM742.1 )cited by Ael.Dion. Fr. 302 from Th.1.74 (where σῶοι codd.); also σοῖ Ael.Dion.l.c.; acc. pl.masc.

σῶς D.5.17

, 8.16, 19.75, Luc.Phal.2.4; fem.sg.

σᾶ Ar.Fr. 631

, IG14.644.15 ([place name] Bruttium), prob. in ib.22.123.8, but σῶς as fem., E.Cyc. 294, Ar.Fr. 658, Pl.Phd. 106a, Call.Aet.3.1.40; neut. pl.

σᾶ E.Fr. 762

, Pl.Criti. 111c, Ath.Mitt.49.3 (Attica, iv B.C.): [dialect] Ep. nom. sg. masc. σῶς ll.22.332 (here guaranteed by the metre), 13.773, Od.5.305, 15.42, 16.131, 22.28;

σόος 19.300

; acc.

σῶν Il.1.117

(v.l. σόον, σάον), 17.367 (v.l. σόον)

; σόον 7.310

, 8.246, 16.252 (v.l. σάον); nom. sg. fem.

σόη 15.497

; nom. pl. masc.

σόοι 1.344

, 5.531, 15.563, Od.4.98; nom. pl. neut.

σόα Il.24.382

, Od.13.364: Hdt. has nom. sg.

σῶς 1.24

, al.; neut. σόον (v.l. σῶον) 2.181; pl. σόοι (v.l. σῶοι) 8.39; fem. σόαι ( σῶαι codd.) 1.66; neut. σόα (v.l. σῶα) 4.124, 6.86.ά; gen. pl. neut. σόων (v.l. σώων) 2.121.β: Hp. has

σῶον Art.53

: the stem σωο- never appears in Hom. or early poets, but is found in later poetry (nom.

σῶος Max.386

; [comp] Comp.

σωότερος A.R.1.918

), and in an [dialect] Att. prose Inscr., neut.

σῶον IG12.59.13

, along with σῶν ib.128.6, 22.1172.14; the foll. forms from σωο- are found in [dialect] Att. and later texts:

σῶος X.An.3.1.32

, Luc.Abd.5;

σῶον Lys.7.17

, 20.24, Arist. Oec. 1347a24, Plu.2.786f,Sor.2.60,Aristid. 1.425 J., Lib. Or.48.3;

σῶοι X.An.2.2.21

, al., D.19.57, 153,326;

σώους Luc.Laps.8

, Aristid.1.426 J.;

σῶα X.Cyr.7.4.13

, HG1.1.24, Arist. Ath.30.4; fem.

σώα X.HG7.4.4

, D.56.37, Aristid.2.78 J.; acc.

σώαν D.21.177

, Aristid.2.428 J.; gen.

σώας D.19.78

, OGI214.20 (Didyma, iii B.C.): the Papyri have acc.sg.masc.

σῶον PLond.2.301.13

(ii A.D.), etc., acc. pl. neut.

σῶα BGU1106.31

(i B.C.), etc.: the word is rare in LXX, acc. sg. masc.

σῶον 2 Ma.12.24

; nom. pl. fem. σῶαι (v.l. σῶοι) Thd. Bel 17; acc. pl. masc.

σώους 3 Ma.2.7

; neut.

σῶα 2 Ma.3.15

; not found in NT: acc. to Thom.Mag.p.328 R. σῶς is [dialect] Att. for σῶος, σῶν for σῶον (masc. and neut.), σῶς for σώους and σώας, but all other [dialect] Att. forms are un[var] contr. ([etym.] σῶοι, σῶα): the form σῷος is recommended by Did. ap. EM741.43, but rejected by Hdn.Gr.ib.46 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.53), and is found in cod. Σ of D.18.49, al.;

σῴην Babr.94.8

;

σῷον AP6.349.6

(Phld.): the form σάος is preserved as v.l. in Il.1.117 (ap.A.D.Conj. 223.10), 16.252, and in the [comp] Comp. σαώτερος, v. σάος:—safe and sound, alive and well, of persons,

ἔφης.. σῶς ἔσσεσθ' Il.22.332

;

οὕνεκά οἱ σῶς ἐσσι Od.15.42

;

ὅτι οἱ σῶς εἰμι 16.131

; βούλομ' ἐγὼ λαὸν σῶν (v.l. σόον, σάον)

ἔμμεναι Il.1.117

, cf. 8.246;

σόοι ἔμμεναι Od.4.98

;

ἄλοχός τε σόη καὶ παῖδες Il.15.497

;

σόοι εἶναι Hdt.5.96

;

σῶς καὶ ὑγιής Id.4.76

, Th.3.34, Pl.Ti. 82b.

II of things, safe, whole, ἵνα περ τάδε τοι σόα μίμνῃ (sc. τὰ κειμήλια) Il.24.382, cf. Od.13.364, Hdt.6.86.ά; οὐδέ κε φαίης ἠέλιον σῶν ἔμμεναι (v.l. σόον) Il.17.367; so ἄγαλμα.., τὸ ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦν σόον was preserved, extant, Hdt.2.181;

αἱ πέδαι ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦσαν σόαι Id.1.66

, cf. 8.39;

ποτὸν.., εῐπερ ἐστὶ σῶν S.Ph. 21

;

ἔστι σῶν [θοἰμάτιον] καὶ σὐκ ἀπόλωλεν Pl.Phd. 87b

; ἡ χιὼν οὖσα σῶς καὶ ἄτηκτος ib. 106a; τὸ ἀθάνατον σῶν καὶ ἀδιάφθορον ib.e;

ἔχειν τι σῶν X.An.7.6.32

; τῶν σημάντρων ἐόντων σόων intact, Hdt.2.121.β ; σῶαι αἱ σφραγῖδες; LXX Bel17;

παραδώσω τὸν γόμον σῶον καὶ ἀκακούργητον PLond 2.301.13

(ii A.D.);

ἅ τε ἐὰν λάβῃ, σῶα συντηρήσειν καὶ ἀποδώσειν BGU1106.31

(i B.C.); of money, intact, undiminished, E.Hec. 994;

τἀργύριον σῶν παρέχειν Ar.Lys. 488

, IG22.1172.14, cf. Pl.R. 333c;

σῶα ἀποδιδόναι τὰ χρήματα X.Cyr.7.4.13

.

2 of events, safe, sure, certain,

νῦν τοι (μοι) σῶς αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος Il.13.773

, Od.5.305, 22.28. ( σάϝος, cf. Cypr. pr. n. Σαϝοκλέϝης.)

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σῶς (B), [var] contr. for σόος, σοῦς, ὁ,

A = βλάστησις, dub. in Hsch. s.v. σῶν.