σάρξ/el

σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ (Hom.+; ‘flesh’).

① the material that covers the bones of a human or animal body, flesh lit. 1 Cor 15:39abcd; Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. The pl. (which denotes flesh in the mass [Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 5], whereas the sing. rather denotes the substance.—Herodas 4, 61; Gen 40:19; 1 Km 17:44; 4 Km 9:36; PsSol 4:19; TestJob 13:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 211; Just., A I, 26, 7; Mel., P. 52, 383; Ath. 34, 2) Lk 24:39 v.l.; Rv 19:18, 21 (4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010, 16] cannibalism out of hunger, sim. Mel., P. 52, 383; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 245: the σάρκες of the slain are food for the birds) B 10:4; metaph. Rv 17:16. It decays 1 Cl 25:3; cp. Ac 2:31 (cp. 2a below). Normally gives forth an evil odor when burned MPol 15:2. W. bones (s. ὀστέον) 1 Cl 6:3 (Gen 2:23); Lk 24:39; Eph 5:30 v.l. (metaph.). Paul speaks of his illness as a σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (s. σκόλοψ) 2 Cor 12:7. ἡ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή the physical circumcision (cp. Just., D. 10, 1 al.) Ro 2:28; cp. Eph 2:11b; Col 2:13 (ἀκροβυστία 2); Gal 6:13 (ἡ σάρξ=the flesh that is circumcised); B 9:4. Metaph.: the corrosion on the precious metals of the rich φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ Js 5:3.—Ign. describes the elements of the Eucharist as σὰρξ (or αἷμα) Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 7:3; IPhld 4; ISm 7:1. Also J 6:51–56 urges that one must eat the flesh (and drink the blood) of the Human One or Son of Man (Just., A I, 66, 2; s. TPhilips, Die Verheissung der hl. Eucharistie nach Joh. 1922; Bultmann ad loc.; AWikenhauser ’48, 105f).—His anti-Docetic position also leads Ign. to use the concept ‘flesh (and blood) of Christ’ in other contexts as well ITr 8:1; IPhld 5:1.—For Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; and 1 Cor 15:50 s. 3a.

② the physical body as functioning entity, body, physical body

ⓐ as substance and living entity (Aeschyl., Sept. 622: opp. νοῦς; Ex 30:32; 4 Km 6:30; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 6 [Stone p. 54] πάντα τὰ μέλη τῆς σαρκός μου; w. καρδία or ψυχή Alex. Aphr., An. p. 98, 7–10 Br.; Ps 37:8; 62:2; Eccl 2:3; Ezk 11:19; 44:7 a1.; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 19, 325; Ar.15, 7) οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν Ac 2:31 (but s. 1). W. ψυχή 1 Cl 49:6 (Tat. 13:2 al.). W. καρδία Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9).—Eph 5:29. ἑόρακαν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί they have seen me face to face Col 2:1. ἕως ἂν τὸν χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἴδῃ before he had seen the Messiah in person GJs 24:4 (cp. Lk 2:26). Opp. πνεῦμα (Ath. 31:3; PGM 5, 460 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν κτίσαντα πᾶσαν σάρκα κ. πᾶν πνεῦμα) 1 Cor 5:5; 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5; 1 Pt 4:6; Hm 3:1; 10, 2, 6; cp. AcPl Ant 13:17 (=Aa, I 237, 2; s. οἶδα); also in relation to Christ (though this is disputed) J 6:63; Hs 5, 6, 5–7; cp. 1 Ti 3:16.—ἀσθένεια τῆς σαρκός bodily ailment Gal 4:13; s. vs. 14. ἀσθενὴς τῇ σαρκί weak in the body Hs 9, 1, 2. ὁ ἀλγῶν σάρκα the one who is ill in body B 8:6. πάσχειν σαρκί 1 Pt 4:1b. Cp. 2 Cor 7:5. ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότης the purity of the body Hb 9:13 (opp. καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν vs. 14). σαρκὸς ἀπόθεσις ῥύπου 1 Pt 3:21 (s. ῥύπος 1). The σάρξ is raised fr. the dead (s. ParJer 6:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [74, 2]) 1 Cl 26:3; 2 Cl 9:1. ἀνάστασις σαρκός AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν Just., D. 80, 5); cp. ἀναστήσεσθε ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32. Of the body of Christ during his earthly ministry Eph 2:14 (JHart, The Enmity in His Flesh: Exp. 6th ser., 3, 1901, 135–41); Hb 10:20; 1 Pt 3:18; 4:1a; 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:1, 10f; 6:7, 9; 7:5; 12:10; IEph 7:2; Pol 7:1; AcPlCor 2:6b. Married couples form μία σάρξ (Gen 2:24; s. Ath. 33, 2 τὴν σάρκα πρὸς σάρκα … κοινωνίαν.—GAicher, Mann u. Weib ein Fleisch: BZ 5, 1907, 159–65) Mt 19:5f; Mk 10:8ab; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (on these passages, TBurkill, ZNW 62, ’71, 115–20). δικαιώματα σαρκός behind ‘all sorts of ceremonial washings’ there are regulations that concern the physical body Hb 9:10.—On ὑποτάγητε τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ ὡς ὁ Χριστὸς τῷ πατρὶ κατὰ σάρκα IMg 13:2 s. Hdb. ad loc. and MRackl, Die Christologie des hl. Ignatius v. Ant. 1914, 228.—πνεῦμα δυνάμεως … ὁ θεὸς … κατέπεμψεν εἰς σάρκα τουτέστιν εἰς τὴν Μαρίαν God sent a powerful spirit (prob. a ref. to the kind of divine breath that brought the first human being to life [Gen 2:7]) into flesh, that is, into Mary AcPl Ha 8, 26=BMM recto 34; s. AcPlCor 1:14.

ⓑ as someth. with physical limitations, life here on earth (ApcEsdr 4:4 p. 28, 3 Tdf. σάρκα ἀνθρωπίνην φορῶ) θλῖψιν τῇ σαρκὶ ἕξουσιν 1 Cor 7:28. Cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Col 1:24. Of Christ τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ his body with its physical limitations Col 1:22; cp. 2:11 and s. cα below (cp. En 102:5 τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν; 1QpHab 9:2; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 29, 25).—Of human life: ἀποδημεῖν τῆς σαρκός MPol 2:2 (s. ἀποδημέω). ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκί Phil 1:24. ζῆν ἐν σαρκί vs. 22; Gal 2:20. ἐν ς. περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 10:3a. ἐν ς. τυγχάνειν Dg 5:8a. ὄντος ἔτι ἐν ς. σου AcPlCor 1:6. τὸν ἐπίλοιπον ἐν ς. χρόνον 1 Pt 4:2. ἡ ἐπιδημία τῆς σαρκὸς ταύτης our sojourn in life 2 Cl 5:5. ἐν τῇ σαρκί in our earthly life 8:2.

ⓒ as instrument of various actions or expressions.

α. In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as ς. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ Ro 7:18 (cp. Philo, Gig. 29 αἴτιον δὲ τῆς ἀνεπιστημοσύνης μέγιστον ἡ σὰρξ καὶ ἡ πρὸς σάρκα οἰκείωσις; Sextus 317 ἀγαθὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μὴ ἐπιζήτει. The OT lays no stress on a necessary relationship betw. flesh as a substance, and sin. But for Epicurus the σάρξ is the bearer of sinful feelings and desires as well as the means of sensual enjoyment: Ep. in Plut., Mor. 135c; 1087bf; 1089e; 1096c αἱ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπιθυμίαι. Also Diog. L. 10, 145. Likew. Plut. himself: Mor. 101b ταῖς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡδοναῖς; 672e; 688d; 734a; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 107f σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι ταύτης; Maximus Tyr. 33, 7a. Cp. 4 Macc 7:18 τὰ τῆς σαρκὸς πάθη; Philo, Deus Imm. 143 σαρκὸς ἡδονή, Gig. 29; TestJud 19:4; TestZeb 9:7; ApcMos 25 [p. 14, 2 Tdf.] εἰς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τῆς σαρκός); Ro 6:19; 7:25 (opp. νοῦς); 8:3a, 4–9 (cp. Persius 2, 63 scelerata pulpa, which contaminates devotion to deity), 12f; Gal 5:13, 24; Col 2:23; Jd 23; AcPlCor 2:11, 15; Dg 6:5 (opp. ψυχή, as Plut., Mor. 101b). Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4, 5, 6, 9, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab; J 3:6; B 10:9. τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 25, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. σὰρξ ἁμαρτίας sinful flesh Ro 8:3b. ἐπιθυμία (τῆς) σαρκός (cp. Maximus Tyr. 20, 9f σαρκῶν … ἐπιθυμίας) Gal 5:16; 1J 2:16; B 10:9. Pl. Eph 2:3a, cp. b; 2 Pt 2:18; cp. Ro 13:14. τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός Gal 5:19 (s. Vögtle at πλεονεξία). τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3b. ὁ νοῦς τῆς σαρκός Col 2:18. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός the body of (sinful) flesh 2:11; cp. 1:22 and s. b above (cp. Sir 23:17 σῶμα σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ; En 102:5 τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν). τὰ τῆς σαρκός what pertains to (sinful) flesh Ro 8:5b. ἐν (τῇ) σαρκὶ εἶναι be in an unregenerate (and sinful) state Ro 7:5; 8:8f. τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί Eph 2:11a. κατὰ σάρκα εἶναι Ro 8:5a; ζῆν vs. 12b; 13; Dg 5:8b; περιπατεῖν Ro 8:4; 2 Cor 10:2; βουλεύεσθαι 1:17; στρατεύεσθαι 10:3b; cp. IRo 8:3 (opp. κατὰ γνώμην θεοῦ).

β. source of the sexual urge. The σάρξ is the source of the sexual urge, without any suggestion of sinfulness connected w. it ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς ἐγεννήθησαν J 1:13.

ⓓ as someth. attractive 2 Pt 2:10 (a Hebraism, cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10). S. also 3b.

③ one who is or becomes a physical being, living being with flesh

ⓐ of humans person, human being: πᾶσα σάρξ every person, everyone (LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; GrBar 4:10; ApcEsdr 7:7; ApcMos 13 [p. 7, 1 Tdf.]; Mel., P. 55, 400: for כָּל-בָּשָׂר; s. πᾶς 1aα) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); J 17:2; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6); 1 Cl 59:3; 64; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5 (the last two Is 66:24); AcPlCor 2:6a. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ no person, nobody (En 14:21 end.—W-S. §26, 10a; B-D-F §275, 4; 302, 1; Rob. 752) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20 (cp. Ps 142:2 πᾶς ζῶν); 1 Cor 1:29 (μή); Gal 2:16.—Though ς. in the foll. passages refers to body in its physical aspect, it cannot be divorced from its conjunction with αἷμα, and the unit σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (cp. Sir 17:31; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82]; Philo, Quis Div. Rer. Her. 57; Just., D. 135, 6) refers to a human being in contrast to God and other transcendent beings Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12 (here vice versa, αἷ. καὶ ς.). τὰ παιδία κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός the children share mortal nature Hb 2:14, but with suggestion of its frailty, as indicated by the context with its ref. to death. Because they are the opposites of the divine nature σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται 1 Cor 15:50 (JJeremias, NTS 2, ’56, 151–59). For Jd 7 s. b next. Cp. AcPl Ant 13, 17 (=Aa I 237, 2) σαρκί personally (s. οἶδα 2).

ⓑ of transcendent entities ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (RSeeberg, Festgabe AvHarnack dargebracht 1921, 263–81.—Artem. 2, 35 p. 132, 27 ἐὰν σάρκινοι οἱ θεοὶ φαίνωνται; Synes., Dio 6 p. 45b).—Of flesh other than human: ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας after another kind of flesh (cp. Judg 2:12 ὀπίσω θεῶν ἑτέρων) i.e. of divine messengers who take on ς. when they appear to humans (so Windisch et al.; difft. Frame et al. of same-sex activity) Jd 7.

④ human/ancestral connection, human/mortal nature, earthly descent (Did., Gen. 144, 25) Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα Ro 4:1 (Just., D. 43, 7 al.). οἱ συγγενεῖς μου κατὰ σάρκα 9:3. τοὺς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας Hb 12:9. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ σάρκα the earthly Israel 1 Cor 10:18 (opp. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 6:16). Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29. μου τὴν σάρκα my compatriots Ro 11:14 (s. Gen 37:27).—Of Christ’s physical nature Ro 8:3c; Hb 5:7. Christ is descended fr. the patriarchs and fr. David (τὸ) κατὰ σάρκα according to the human side of his nature, as far as his physical descent is concerned Ro 1:3 (JDunn, Jesus: Flesh and Spirit [Ro 1:3f], JTS 24, ’73, 40–68); 9:5; 1 Cl 32:2; IEph 20:2. The context of 2 Cor 11:18 includes ancestry as a reason for boasting, but ς. in this pass. applies as well to other aspects of Paul’s career and therefore belongs more properly in 5.

⑤ the outward side of life as determined by normal perspectives or standards, a transf. sense of 1 and 2. Usually w. κατά indicating norm or standard σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα wise (people) according to human standards 1 Cor 1:26. καυχᾶσθαι κατὰ (τὴν) σάρκα boast of one’s outward circumstances, i.e. descent, manner of life, etc. (cp. 11:22) 2 Cor 11:18. κατὰ σάρκα Χριστόν Christ (the Messiah) from a human point of view or as far as externals are concerned 5:16b, cp. a (κατά B5bβ and 7a; also VWeber, BZ 2, 1904, 178–88; HWindisch, exc. ad loc.; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³, 374–76; FPorter, Does Paul Claim to Have Known the Historical Jesus [2 Cor 5:16]?: JBL 47, 1928, 257–75; RMoxon, CQR 108, 1929, 320–28). οἱ κατὰ σάρκα κύριοι those who, according to human standards, are masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. ὑμεῖς κατὰ τὴν ς. κρίνετε you judge by outward things, by externals J 8:15. Of the route taken in one’s earthly life ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ κατὰ σάρκα IRo 9:3.—ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθέναι place one’s trust in earthly things or physical advantages Phil 3:3f. εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί Gal 6:12. Onesimus is a beloved brother to Philemon καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν κυρίῳ both as a human being (=personally, in the external relationship betw. master and slave) and as a Christian Phlm 16. ὑμῶν δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ἐπισκόπῳ IEph 1:3 (cp. IMg 3:2).—HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde 1908; EBurton, ICC Gal. 1920, 492–95; WSchauf, Sarx 1924; WBieder, Auferstehung des Fleisches od. des Leibes?: TZ 1, ’45, 105–20. W. special ref. to Paul: Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 7:14 and 8:11; Lohmeyer (ἁμαρτία 3a); EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33; RGrant, ATR 22, ’40, 199–203; RBultmann, Theologie des NTs ’48, 228–49 (Engl. tr. by KGrobel, ’51 I, 227–59); LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 267–70; E Schweizer, Die hellenist. Komponente im NT sarx-Begriff: ZNW 48, ’57, 237–53; two in KStendahl, The Scrolls and the NT, ’57: KKuhn, 94–113 and WDavies, 157–82; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT: RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; DLys, La chair dans l’AT ’67; ASand, D. Begriff ‘Fleisch’ ’67 (Paul); RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms ’71, 49–166. On Ign.: CRichardson, The Christianity of Ign. of Ant. ’35, esp. 49 and 61. S. also the lit. s.v. πνεῦμα, end.—B. 202. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Grammatical information: f., often pl. (Hom almost only).

Meaning: `flesh, piece(s) of meat' (Il.); on the number Schw.-Debrunner 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2,30.

Other forms: Aeol. σύρκες pl. H., EM; on the phonetics Schwyzer 308.

Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σαρκο-φάγος `eating flesh' (Arist.), λίθος σαρκοφάγος des. of a stone broken near Assos (Troas), which was used for funeral monuments and would have eaten the corpse (Poll. 10, 150, Plin. a. o.); on the debated physiological-chemical proces s. R. Müller in Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265; from there `coffin' (inscr.), Lat. LW [loanword] sarcophagus, OHG sarch etc.; ἄ-σαρκος `without flesh, thin' (IA.); on the 2. member extens. Sommer Nominalkomp. 94 f.

Derivatives: 1. σαρκ-ίον (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ίδιον (Arist. etc.) n. `piece of flesh', - ίς f. `meat, food' (late pap.); - ῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin.; after the colour, Redard 60). 2. σάρκ-ινος (Att. etc.), - ικός (hell. a. late), - ειος (late) `fleshy, made of flesh'; - ώδης `flesh-like' (Hp., X. etc.), - ήρης `consisting of flesh' ( Trag. Adesp.). 3a σαρκ-ίζω `to scrape clean of flesh' (Hdt.; on the privative meaning Hudson-Williams ClassRev. 26, 122f.; not correct Schwyzer 736), περι- σάρξ with - ισμός (medic.), ἐκ- σάρξ (LXX); b. - όω ( περι-, ἐκ- a. o.) `to make fleshy, to change into flesh' with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός (medic. a. o.); c. - άζω s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1102] *tu̯r̥ḱ- `cut'

Etymology: Acc. to a general, very acceptable view (since v. Bradke ZDMG 40, 752) to Av. ʮwarǝs-, pres. ʮwǝrǝsaiti prop. `cut' ( upa-, us- a. o.), as simplex `shape, create, destine etc.', IE tu̯r̥ḱ- (WP. 1, 751, Pok. 1102); so prop. *'slice' as Lat. carō `(piece) of meat' = Umbr. karu `pars, piece of meat' to κείρω `cut' etc. Other argumentation by Risch Sprache 7, 93 ff. (where also Hitt. tuekkaš `body' [with assumed loss of r before k] is discussed; s. however on σάκος): to ʮwarǝs- in the (clearly secondary) meaning `create, build'; so "flesh as what gives the human body shape and form"; certainly not to be preferred. -- Thus also Lubotsky, Sprache 36 (1994) 94-102, who shows that Skt. tvaṣṭar- contains a zero grade (with a \< r̥), like Av. ʮwōrǝštar- (from * ʮwǝrǝštar-). OIr. torc `boar' has the same origin, for which he reconstructs *turḱos. L. discusses also the rise of - αρ-, - υρ- (rejecting a reconstr. *tu̯orḱ-). - From σάρξ Alb. šark `flesh of a fruit' (Jokl IF 44, 13 ff.).

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σαρξ η

плоть, тело. Και ο λόγος σαρξ εγένετο και εσκήνωσεν εν ημίν και εθεασάμεθα την δόξαν αυτού, δόξαν ως μονογενούς παρά πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος και αληθείας (Ιωάν. 1, 14) — И слово стало плотию, и обитало с нами, полное благодати и истины; и мы видели славу Его, как Единородного от Отца (Ин. 1, 14)

< дргр. σαρξ, σαρκος, первоначальное значение «кусок мяса» < инд. twerk «резать»

σάρξ, gen. σαρκός, ἡ, [dialect] Aeol. [full] σύρξ EM708.31:—

A flesh, Hom. always in pl., exc. Od.19.450, cf. Hes.Sc. 364, 461;

κορέει κύνας.. δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι Il.8.380

;

ἔγκατά τε σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα Od.9.293

, cf. 11.219;

σάρκες περιτρομέοντο μέλεσσιν 18.77

, cf. Hes.Th. 538, Pi.Fr. 168, etc.;

τούτου σάρκας λύκοι πάσονται A.Th. 1040

;

ὀπτὰς σάρκας Id.Ag. 1097

;

σάρκες δ' ἀπ' ὀστέων.. ἀπέρρεον E.Med. 1200

; sts. to represent the whole body,

μήτε γῆ δέξαιτό μου σάρκας θανόντος Id.Hipp. 1031

, cf. 1239, 1343 (anap.): sg. later in same sense, τοῦ αἵματος.. πηγνυμένου σ. γίνεται (of the foetus) Hp.Nat.Puer.15, cf.Steril.233;

κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χάριν ἐμᾶς σαρκὸς αἰόλας S.Ph. 1157

(lyr.);

ἔδαπτον σάρκα E.Med. 1189

, cf. Ba. 1136, Cyc. 344, etc.: also collectively, of the body,

γέροντα τὸν νοῦν, σάρκα δ' ἡβῶσαν φέρει A.Th. 622

;

σαρκὶ παλαιᾶ Id.Ag.72

(anap.); σαρκὸς περιβόλαια, ἐνδυτά, E.HF 1269, Ba. 746:—Pl. uses sg. and pl. in much the same manner,

ταῖς σαρξὶ σάρκες προσγένωνται Phd. 96d

, cf. Smp. 211e, R. 556d, Grg. 518c, etc.;

τῆς σαρκὸς διαλυτικόν Ti. 60b

, cf. 61c, 62b, etc.: portions of meat, usu. in pl.,

σάρκας τρεῖς IG12(7).237.17

([place name] Amorgos) (sg., ib.12(2).498.16 (Methymna, iii B.C.)); but, pieces of flesh or membrane,

βήσσοντα.. ὥστε σάρκας ἐνπύους.. ἀποβάλλειν SIG 1171.5

([place name] Lebena).

b εἰς σάρκα πημαίνειν to the quick, Phld.Herc. 1289p.60V.

2 ἡ σ. τοῦ σκύτεος the inner or flesh-side of leather, Hp.Art.33.

3 fleshy, pulpy substance of fruit, Thphr.CP6.8.5, HP1.2.6, 4.15.1, al.

II the flesh, as the seat of the affections and lusts, fleshly nature,

ἐν τῇ σ. ἡ ἡδονή Epicur.Sent.18

, cf. Sent.Vat. 33; ἀδούλωτον (prob. l.)

τῇ σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς ταύτης πάθεσι Plu.2.107f

, cf. 101b; freq. in NT, Ep.Gal.5.19, al.

2 in NT also, the body,

τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοια Ep.Rom.13.14

;

οὔτε ἡ σ. αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν Act.Ap.2.31

, etc.: hence (partly as a Hebraism) πᾶσα σάρξ, = every- body, LXX Ge.6.12, al., Ev.Luc.3.6, etc.; οὐ.. πᾶσα σάρξ nobody, Ev. Matt.24.22, etc.

3 the physical or natural order of things, opp. the spiritual or supernatural,

σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα 1 Ep.Cor.1.26

;

ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες Ep.Phil.3.3

; τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ πάσης ς. SIG1181.3 (ii B.C., Jewish). (Perh. I.-E. twr[kcirc ]- 'portion', cf. Avest. θwar[schwa]s- 'cut'.)

     σάρξ

    σαρκός ἥ

    

(Hom. преимущ. pl. с dat. σάρκεσσι)

    1) мясо, плоть

    

(σάρκες τε καὴ ὀστέα Hom.)

    2) тело

    

σάρκα ἡβῶσαν φέρειν (v. l. φύειν) Aesch. — иметь молодое тело, т.е. быть молодым годами

σάρξ

flesh: fem nom /voc sg

σάρξ pl.

σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ, das Fleisch; πολλὸν δὲ διήφυσε σαρκός, wo ein einzelner Fleischteil, der dicke Muskel auf der vordern Seite des Oberschenkels gemeint ist; oft für Körper, Leib. Auch bei den Pflanzen, die weicheren Teile

(-κός) см. σάρκα;

4561 σάρξ

▲ ключ.сл.

4561 σάρξ

▲ ключ.сл.

плоть

плоть

⁺ ἡ N 3 58-15-40-51-51=215 Gn 2,21.23(bis).24; 6,3

flesh, meat (food for men) Dn 10,3 (stereotypical rendition of רשׂב); flesh (of the human body, distinguished from the spirit or life-giving breath) Gn 2,21; body Ex 30,32; male member, penis Ez 23,20; living being Gn 8,17; σάρκες portions of meat, meat Gn 40,19; body 2 Mc 9,9

πᾶσα σάρξ everybody, all humankind Gn 6,12; εἰς σάρκα μίαν to one body (of a married couple) Gn 2,24; σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα flesh and blood, human being (in contrast to God) Sir 17,31; τῶν τῆς σαρκὸς παθῶν the weakness of the flesh 4 Mc 7,18; σὰρξ ἡμῶν ἐστιν he is our flesh, he is our relative Gn 37,27

*Nm 16,22 θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ πάσης σαρκός god of the spirits and of all flesh-רשׂב וכל הרוחת אלהי for MT הרוחת אלהי רשׂב לכל god of the spirits of all flesh, see also Nm 27,16; *Hos 9,12 σάρξ μου my flesh-רישׂב for MT ורישׂ/ב when I depart; *Mi 3,3 ὡς σάρκας like meat-ארשׁכ for MT רשׁכא as, like; *Ps 27(28),7 ἡ σάρξ μου my body-רישׂב? for MT ירישׁומ and with my song

see κρέας, σῶμα, χρώς

Cf. BARR 1961 35.37.159(n.1); HARL 1986a, 60-61. 105.106.130; LYS 1983 47-70; 1986 163-204;

SCHARBERT 1972 121-124. 136; SPICQ 1982, 591-602; TOV 1976b, 543-544; →NIDNTT; TWNT