πέρανδε

πέρανδε,

A v. πέρα (B).

πέρᾱ (A), Adv.

A beyond, further,

μέχρι τοῦ μέσου καθιέναι, π. δ' οὔ Pl. Phd. 112e

;

μέχρι τούτου.., π. δὲ μή Id.R. 423b

: with Art.,

τὸ π. λέγειν Id.Phdr. 241d

.

2 c. gen., π. ὅρου ἐλαύνειν further than, Lex ap.D. 23.44;

τούτου μὴ π. προβαίνειν Arist.Pol. 1319b14

, cf. Pl.Ti. 29d.

II of Time, longer,

οὐκέτι π. ἐπολιόρκησαν X.An.6.1.28

: with Art.,

τὸ π. καθεύδειν τοῦ πρέποντος Aeschin.Socr.52

.

2 c. gen.,

π. μεσούσης τῆς ἡμέρας X.An.6.5.7

; τῶν πεντήκοντα π. γεγονότας above fifty years old, Pl.Lg. 670a (v.l. πέραν).

III freq. metaph., beyond measure, extravagantly, π. λέξαι, φράσαι, S.El. 633, Ph. 332, cf. E.Hipp. 1033 ;

Ζεύς.. με λυπήσει πέρα Ar.Av. 1246

;

π. ματεύειν S.OC 211

(lyr.);

μέλεα καὶ π. παθεῖν E.El. 1187

(lyr.);

οἵ τοι π. στέρξαντες οἵδε καὶ π. μισοῦσιν Trag.Adesp.78

; τὸ π. Arr.Fr.123J.; but π. is f.l. in S.OC 1745 (lyr.).

2 c. gen., more than, beyond, exceeding, π. δίκης, καιροῦ π., A.Pr.30, 507; τοῦ εἰκότος π. S.OT74;

π. τῶν νῦν εἰρημένων Id.OC 257

;

π. τῶν νόμων Id.El. 1506

;

π. τοῦ προσήκοντος Antipho 5.1

;

π. ὧν προσεδεχόμεθα Th.2.64

; π. τοῦ δέοντος, π. τοῦ μετρίου, Pl.Grg. 487d, Ti. 65d ;

π. τοῦ μεγίστου φόβου Id.Phlb. 12c

; θαυμάτων π. more than marvels, E.Hec. 714 ;

δεινὸν καὶ π. δεινοῦ D.45.73

; π. μεδίμνου more than a medimnus, Is.10.10; ἐλπίδος π. Plu.Sull.11.

b abs., more, further, οὐδὲν ἐρρήθη π. E.IT91 ; ἄπιστα καὶ π. κλύων things incredible, and more than that, Ar.Av. 417 ; πᾶν τολμήσασα καὶ π. S.Fr. 189.

3 as [comp] Comp., folld. by ἤ, Id.OC 651, Ph. 1277.

IV above, higher than, τῶν ἐμῶν ἐχθρῶν μ' ἔνερθεν ὄντ' ἀνέστησας π. ib. 666 ; π. ἀνθρώπου, π. τέχνης, Philostr. Her.18.1, 19.4.—In all senses πέρα may stand either before or after the gen., but commonly before.—[comp] Comp. περαίτερος, α, ον, Adv. περαίτερον and - τέρω (qq. v.); cf. sq.

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πέρα (B), ἡ,

A = ἡ περαία, (περαῖος), the land on the other side. ἐκ πέρας Ναυπακτίας A.Supp. 262 ;

Χαλκίδος πέραν ἔχων Id.Ag. 190

(lyr.):—hence [full] πέρανδε, to a foreign city, SIG 56.13 (Argos, V B.C.).

Grammatical information: adv., also as prep. w. gen.

Meaning: `beyond, further, longer, more, past' (Att.).

Compounds: comp. περαι-τέρω (Att.), - τερον with adj. - τερος (Pi.).

Derivatives: Besides πέρᾱν, Ion. - ην adv., also prep. w. gen. `over, across, beyond, opposite to' (Il.). -- Adj. περαῖος `ulterior', esp. ἡ περαία ( χώρα, γῆ) `the country on the other side', also as PN (Hdt., A. R., Plb., Str.). From it 1. Περαΐτης m. `inhabitant of the Περαία' (J.; Redard 26 and 239 n. 24); 2. περαιόθεν `from the other side' (A. R., Arat.); 3. περαιόομαι, - όω, also w. δια- a.o., `to cross over, to bring over' (since ω 437), `to accomplish' (Gort.), `to end' (medic.) with περαίωσις f. `crossing' (Str., Plu.). -- Denominative verb περάω, aor. - ᾶσαι, Ion. - ῆσαι, also w. prefix, esp. δια- and ἐκ-, `to pass through, to go through, to travel through, to go beyond, to reach the end' (Il.) with ( δια-)πέρ-αμα n. `crossing' (Str.), ἐκπέρ-αμα n. `coming out of' (A.), πέρ-ασις f. `stepping through' (S.), - άσιμος `crossable, passable' (E., Str.); - ατός, Ion. - ητός `id.' (Pi., Hdt.); - ατής m. `ferryman' (Suid., Procl.); but in the sense of `stranger, emigrant' (LXX) prob. from πέρᾱ(ν); thus περᾱ-τικός `coming from a strange (ulterior) country, foreign' (Peripl. M. Rubr.), and - τός `id.' (pap. III<sup>a</sup>). -- Often w. strengthening ἀντι-: ἀντι-πέραια n. pl. `the stretches of coast on the opposite side' (Β 635), - αια f. sg. (A. R., Nonn.); ἀντι-πέρας `opposite to' (Th., X.; on the ending below), - πέραν, - ην (hell.), -πέρᾱ (Ev. Luc.) `id.'; - πέρηθε(ν) `from the opposite coast' (A. R., AP).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [811] * per `beyond, further'

Etymology: Both πέρᾱ and πέρᾱν are frozen caseforms, the latter acc. of a noun *πέρᾱ f. (Schwyzer 621), the first polyinterpret. (instr. f. or nom. pl. n.?). To this were adapted, prob. as innovations, the gen. in ἀντι-πέρας and in ἐκ πέρας Ναυπακτίας (A. Supp. 262) as well as the nominal acc. in Χαλκίδος πέραν ἔχων (A.Ag. 190 [lyr.]) and in πέρανδε (Argos V^a). -- With πέρᾱ may be equated formally Skt. párā and Av. para `off, away, on the side'; these belong to the adj. Skt. pára-, Av. OP. para- `farther, of the other side'. Uncertain is the comparison of πέρᾱν with Lat. per-peram `wrong, false', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Cf. πέρι and πάρος w. further connections and lit.

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