πέπυσμαι

πυνθάνομαι

learn: perf ind mp 1st sg

πέπτω,

A v. πέσσω. [full] πέπυσμαι, v. πυνθάνομαι. [full] πεπωγμένον· κεκλασμένον, Hsch.

προπυνθάνομαι, [tense] pf. -πέπυσμαι,

A learn by inquiring before, hear beforehand, τι Hdt.1.21, 5.63, 102;

ὅτι.. Th.4.42

, etc.

πυνθάνομαι, Od.2.315, etc.; poet. also [full] πεύθομαι (q.v.): [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

A

πυνθανόμην 13.256

: [tense] fut.

πεύσομαι Il.18.19

, etc., [dialect] Dor.

πευσοῦμαι Theoc.3.51

(so cod. [voice] Med. in A.Pr. 988): [tense] aor.

ἐπῠθόμην Il.5

. 702, etc., [dialect] Ep. and Lyr.

πυθόμην Od.4.732

, B.15.26; imper. πυθοῦ, [dialect] Ion.

πυθεῦ Hdt.3.68

; [dialect] Ep. opt.

πεπύθοιτο Il.6.50

, al. (subj. πεπύθωνται is f.l. for γε πύθωνται, 7.195); [ per.] 3pl.

πυθοίατο S.OC 921

: [tense] pf.

πέπυσμαι Od.11.505

, etc.; [ per.] 2sg.

πέπῠσαι Pl.Prt. 310b

, [dialect] Ep.

πέπυσσαι Od.11.494

; inf.

πεπύσθαι Th.7.67

, etc.; part.

πεπυσμένος Pl.Smp. 179e

: [tense] plpf.

ἐπεπύσμην Ar. Pax 615

, Av. 470; [ per.] 3sg.

ἐπέπυστο Il.13.674

, [dialect] Ep. πέπυστο ib. 521; [ per.] 3 dual

πεπύσθην 17.377

:— learn, whether by hearsay or by inquiry (

ἐξιστορήσαντες τὰ ἐβούλοντο πυθέσθαι Hdt.7.195

): constr.

1 π. τί τινος learn something from a person, Il.17.408, Od.10.537, A.Ag. 599, Ar.Ra. 1417, etc.; also

π. τι ἀπό τινος A.Ch. 737

;

ἐξ ἄλλων S.OC 1266

;

ἐκ τοῦ παρατυχόντος Th.1.22

; freq. παρά τινος, Hdt.2.91, etc.; παρ' ἄλλων (v.l. ἄλλων) X.Cyr.4.1.3.

2 c. acc. rei only, hear or learn a thing, Od.2.411, A.Ch. 765, Antipho 5.25, etc.: abs.,

αἰσχρὸν τόδε γ' ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι Il.2.119

, cf. Pi.P.7.7, etc.;

ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι Hdt.1.22

, etc.

3 c. gen. objecti, hear or inquire concerning, πυθέσθαι πατρός, ἀγγελιάων, μάχης, Od.1.281, 2.256, Il.15.224, cf. S.El.35, Pl.Lg. 635b.

4 π. τινά τινος inquire about one person of or from another,

τὸν ἄνδρα τῶν ὁδοιπόρων Ar.Ach. 204

; so

π. περί τινος Hdt.2.75

;

πᾶσαν πυθέσθαι τῶνδ' ἀλήθειαν πέρι S.Tr.91

: c. acc. pers. only, inquire about a person, Ar.Th. 619.

5 c. part., πυθόμην ὁδὸν ὁρμαίνοντα that he was starting, Od.4.732, cf. Hdt.9.58, S.Aj. 692;

π. τὸ Πλημμύριον ἑαλωκός Th.7.31

, cf. X.An.1.7.16, etc.; οὔ πω.. πεπύσθην Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος they had not yet heard of his being dead, Il.17.377, cf. 427, 19.322, A.Ch. 763;

ὡς ἐπύθοντο τῆς Πύλου κατειλημμένης Th.4.6

: with acc. rei added,

εἰ σφῶϊν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν Il.1.257

.

6 c. acc. et inf., hear or learn that.., Hdt.1.62, 5.15, S. Tr. 103 (lyr.), Th.7.25, etc.

7 folld. by an interrog. clause,

ὡς πυθώμεθα ὅπου ποτ' ἐσμέν S.OC11

; αὐτοῦ π. τί ποτε νοεῖ inquire or learn from him what.., Pl.La. 196c, cf. X.An.6.3.25, Plb.3.107.6;

π., ὅτεῳ.. συνοικέει Hdt.3.68

; π. εἰ.. inquire whether.., S.OC 993, IG42(1).121.18 (Epid., iv B.C.);

τοῦ ξένου ἡδέως ἂν π., τί ταῦθ' ἡγοῦντο Pl.Sph. 216d

; π. τινῶν, ὅτι .. X.An.4.6.17; π., ὅπως ἂν κάλλιστα πορευθείη ib.3.1.7, cf. Cyr.1.4.7.

II [voice] Act., [tense] aor. 1 part. fem.

πεύσασα

having learned,

PMasp.5.7

(vi A.D.).

2 v. πεύθω.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: to find out, learn, to ask, to inquire, to investigate' (Il.); act. πεύθω, πεῦσαι `to announce, to cite' (Crete).

Other forms: ep. also πεύθομαι (metr. easier; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 111, 282, 308), fut. πεύσομαι, aor. 2. πυθέσθαι, redupl. opt. πεπύθοιτο, perf. πέπυσμαι.

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἐκ-, προ-

Derivatives: With zero grade: 1. πύστις f. `questioning, inquiry, tidings' (Att., A.; cf. below) with πυστι-άομαι `to interrogate' (Plu., Phot., H.); 2. πύσμα n. `question, interrogation' with - ματικός `interrogative, asking' (late); 3. πυστός (EM, Eust.), always as 2. member, resp. in the prefixcompp., e.g. ἄ-πυστος, ἀνά-πυστος (Od.). With full grade: 4. πευθώ f. `tidings' (A. Th. 370); 5. πεῦσις ( ἀνά-) f. `information' (Ph., Plu.; older πύστις, cf. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 27 w. lit.); 6. πευθήν, - ῆνος m. `spy' (Luc., Arr.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 143); 7. Adj. πευστικός `interrogating' (A. D., Ph.); 8. as 2. member, after the ες-stems (Schwyzer 513), - πευθής, e.g. ἀ-πευθ-ής `uninvestigated, unaware' (Od.); 9. with dentalsuffix φιλό-πευσ-τος (Phot., Suid.), - της (Ptol.) `who loves questioning' with - πευστέω, - πευστία (hell.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [150] * bʰeudʰ- `be awake, wake, observe, recognize'

Etymology: The full grade thematic root-present πεύθομαι has exact formal agreements in several languages: Skt. bódhati, midd. -te `watch, observe, understand', Av. baođaiti, -te `id.', also `smell after', Germ., e.g. Goth. ana-, faur-biudan `order, arrange' resp. `forbid', OWNo. bjōða 'offer, present, make known', Slav., e.g. OCS bljudǫ, bljusti `preserve, guard, observe', Russ. bljudú, bljustí `observe, perceive', IE * bheudh-e(-ti, - toi) `observes, is attent'. The deviating meaning of the Germ. verbs agrees mainly to the (prob. secondary) active Cret. πεύθω and is related to an old opposition of the diatheses; a corresponding meaning shows a.o. the Skt. causative bodháyati `wake, instruct, inform'. The meaning `find out, ask' is a Greek innovation. -- With ( ἐ-)πύθοντο agrees exactly Skt. budhánta so these are in origin identical; complete formal congruence is also found between ( ἄ-)πυστος and Skt. buddhá-, which functions as ptc. of the caus. bodháyati ('wakes, illuminates'), to which also Av. hupō. bus-ta- `well scented'; thus as between πύστις and Skt. buddhi- f. `insight, intelligence, spirit', between ( ἀ-)πευθής and Av. baođah- n. `observation'; in all these cases one must reckon with independent innovations. A nasalized present like πυν-θάνομαι is also found in Lith. bu-n-dù, inf. bústi `wake' (with the suffixed caus. búd-inu, - inti) and in Celt., e.g. OIr. ad-bond- `give notice, announce'. Through the strong productivity of these formations is also here original identity doubtful; cf. Schwyzer 701 w. lit. -- Further forms from the diff. languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 147f., Pok. 150, Mayrhofer s. bódhati, Fraenkel s. budė́ti, Vasmer s. bljudú.

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