-
1 κάρᾱ
κάρᾱGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `head' (trag., Cratin., Eup.),Other forms: κάρη (ep.)Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-ra-a-pi instr. pl. \/karāatphi\/Derivatives: As 1. member in καρᾱ-τομέω `behead' (E., J.) with καράτομος `beheaded' (S., E.), seeming basis καρατόμος `beheading' (Lyc.), cf. on δειροτομέω s. δέρη; καρηβαρέω (- άω) `feel heavy in the head, be sleepy, have headache' with καρηβαρία, - ίη etc. (Hp., Arist.); from there Lat. caribaria \> Fr. charivari, W.-Hofmann 1, 854; on καραδοκέω s. v. Cf. κράσπεδον, κρησφύγετον, κρήδεμνον. - Other forms: A. recent analogical formations to κάρᾱ, κάρη: dat. τῳ̃ κάρᾳ (A., S.), κάρῃ (Thgn.); κάρης, - ην (Call., Nic.), κάρᾱν (Anacreont.). B. Older disyll. forms: ep. καρή-ατος, - ατι, pl. - ατα; also κάρη-τος, - τι; to καρήατα new nom. sg. κάρηαρ (Antim.). C. monosyll. forms: κρά̄-ατος, - ατι, pl. - ατα; usual. (also trag.) κρᾱτός, - τί, pl. κρᾶ-τα (Pi. Fr. 8); further isolated forms: κράτεσφι (Κ 156; prob. sg.), κρά̄των (χ 309), κρᾱσίν (Κ 152), κρᾶτας (E.); κρᾶτα as acc. sg. (θ 92, trag.), as nom. sg. (S. Ph. 1457); new nom. sg. κράς (Simm. 4). D. κάρᾰ (antevoc.) as nom. pl. (h. Cer. 12), κάρᾱ pl.? (Sannyr. 3). On κάρηνα s. v.; and s. below.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱrh₂-(e)s-n- `head'Etymology: From the oblique forms of the Skt. word for `head', e. g. gen. sg. śīrṣṇ-ás with the adverbial ablativ śīrṣa-tás (a \< n̥), which represent a with n enlarged monosyll. zero grade (śīrṣ-n- \< *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-) from the disyll. nom.-acc. śíras- (Av. sarah-, \< *ḱr̥h₂-os), it appears that κρά̄ατος represents an original *κρά̄σα-τος \< (ḱr̥h₂s-n̥tos); through contraction this gave κρᾱτός (acc. to Zenodot. κρητός). The antevocalic form κρᾱσν- lives on in κρᾱν-ίον (s. v.). The explanation of the Greek disyll. forms has to start from plur. κάρηνα \< *καρασν-α (\< *ḱrh₂-es-n-), to which the singular forms καρήατος, - ατι were made from *καρασα-τος, - τι (with metr. lengthening and η for ᾱ after κάρηνα), if not innovated to κάρη. This form may go back to an analogical *κάρασ-α (like ὄνομα); to κάρη were made κάρη-τος, - τι. - Beside these old σ-stem there are isolated σ-less forms: ἐπὶ κάρ `on its head', ἔγ-καρ-ος, ἴγκρος ἐγκέφαλος and κατὰ ( ἀπὸ) κρῆ-θεν `from the head down' (Hom., Hes.), κρή-δεμνον `head-band'. The explanation is discussed: κατὰ κρῆθεν (from where ἀπὸ κρῆθεν) may stand for κατ' ἄκρηθεν (s. esp. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff., but this seems unncessary); ἔγκαρος has been taken as learned innovation to κάρη after κεφαλή: ἐγκέφαλος; on κρήδεμνον s. s. v. An σ-less κάρ is supported by Arm. sar `hight, top' (idg. *ḱr̥h₂r-o-). Very extensive treatment by A.J. Nussbaum, Head and Horn 1986 (rev. Beekes, Kratylos 34 (989)55-59). - S. Schwyzer 583 (diff. on κάρη; Pok. 574f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 230f., 242, Leumann Hom. Wörter 159, Egli Heteroklisie 31f., 87ff. - Cf. further 1. καρόω, καρώ, καρωτόν; κέρας, κράνος, κριός.Page in Frisk: 1,784-785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρᾱ
-
2 κραιαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `complete' (Il.), intr. `end' (medic.), `rule' (θ 391, S., E.; Wackernagel Unt. 157).Other forms: (v. l. κρᾱαίνω), aor. κρηῆναι (Il.), κραᾶναι H., pass. κρᾱανθῆναι (Theoc.), perf. 3. sg. κεκρά̄ανται (Od.), Vbaladj. ἀ-κρά̄αν-τος (Hom.); - κραίνω (Od., medic.), fut. κρᾰνέω, -ῶ (Emp., A., E.; ἐπι-κρᾱνεῖ A. Ag. 1340), κρᾰνέεσθαι (I 626, intr.), aor. κρῆναι (O 599), κρᾶναι (A., S.), pass. κρανθῆναι (Pi., trag.), perf. 3. sg. κέκρανται (trag.), ἄ-κραν-τος (Pi., trag.);Compounds: also with ἐπι-.Derivatives: From κραίνω: κράντωρ, - ορος `ruler' (E. in lyr., AP), `who fulfills' (Epigr. ap. Paus. 8, 52, 6), with dissimilation κάντορες οἱ κρατοῦντες H. (Lewy KZ 59, 180); κραντήρ, - ῆρος `ruler' (Orph.), pl. `wisdom-teeth', prop. "fulfiller", scil. of the tooth-row (Arist.), sg. `tusk' (Nic., Lyc.); f. κράντειρα `governess' ( APl., Orph.); on κράντωρ, - τήρ Benveniste Noms d'agent 46f.; κράντης `fulfiller' (Lyc.); κραντήριοι οἱ κραίνοντες, καὶ ἐπιτελοῦντες H. - Compound αὑτό-κρανος `fulfilling himself, self-evident' (H., EM; also A. Fr. 295f.); after H. also = κίων μονόλιθος; in the last meaning rather to κάρᾱ `head' ; s. - κρανον s. κρανίον.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱerh₂- `head'Etymology: The variant κρᾱαίνω will stand for *κρᾱσαίνω, as gen. κρά̄ατος \< *κρά̄σα-τος to κάρᾱ, κάρη `head', like ὀνομαίνω to ὀνόμα-τος from ὄνομα; so a denomin. from the old n-stem. Prop. meaning `(put the head on something' (cf. καρᾱνοῦν `complete' of κάρᾱνον `head'). - Beside κρᾱαίνω with Ionic form aorist κρηῆναι, contracted κρῆναι, to which again the younger present κραίνω (cf. φῆναι: φαίνω) with κρᾰνέω etc. The form κραι-αίνω may have its stemsyllable κραι- from κραίνω (Leumann IF 57, 157). -Fraenkel Denom. 7, Bechtel Lex. s. v., Schwyzer 724f. and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 82, (improb.1, 343 a basis *κράσαρ n.).Page in Frisk: 2,3-4Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κραιαίνω
См. также в других словарях:
k̂er-, k̂erǝ- : k̂rā-, k̂erei-, k̂ereu- — k̂er , k̂erǝ : k̂rā , k̂erei , k̂ereu English meaning: head; horn Deutsche Übersetzung: “das Oberste am Кörper: Kopf; Horn (and gehörnte Tiere); Gipfel” Material: O.Ind. síras n. (ved. only nom. acc.) “head, cusp, peak”, Av. sarah … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary