ζείναμεν

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `quench, to extinguish, to be extinguished, extinct (IA.).

Other forms: - ύω (Pi., Hp. a. o.), aor. σβέσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. σβεσθῆναι (IA.), fut. σβέσω (A., E. a. o.); midd. σβέννυμαι (Hes.), aor. σβῆναι (Il.), fut. σβήσομαι (Pl. a. o.), perf. ἔσβηκα (A.), ἔσβεσμαι (Parm. a.o.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. ἀπο- and κατα- (on the use in Hom. Graz Le feu dans l'Il. et l'Od.259ff.).

Derivatives: σβέ-σις ( ἀπό-, κατά- σβέννυμι) f. `extinction, putting out' (Arist. etc.), σβεσ-τήρ, - τῆρος m. `extinguisher' (Plu.; not quite certain), - τήριος `useful for extinguishing' (Th. etc.), - τικός `id.' (Arist. etc.); ἄ-σβεσ-τος `unextinguishable' (Hom. a.o.; σβεστός Nonn.), f. (sc. τίτανος) `unslaked lime' (Dsc., Plu. a. o.) with ἀσβεστ-ήριοι and - ωσις H. as explanation of κονιαταί resp. κονίασις. -- Deviating the aor. κατα-σβῶσαι (Herod.). -- Besides some H.glossen: ζείναμεν (- υμεν?) σβέννυμεν, ἐζίνα (for - είν-) ἐπεσβέννυεν, ἀποζίννυται (cod. - ξ-; for - ζείν-) ἀποσβέννυται; ζόασον σβέσον; ζοάσ\< εις\> σ[ε]βέσεις.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [479] * (s)gʷes- `extinguish'

Etymology: The above formal system is as a whole built on the root σβεσ- in σβέσ-σαι and ἄ-σβεσ-τος. To the aorist σβέσ(σ)αι joined σβέννυμι from *σβέσ-νυ-μι (on the phonetics Schwyzer 697), σβέσω, σβεσθῆναι, ἔσβεσμαι. To this came as innovation ἔσβην, σβῆναι (after ἔστην, ἐκάην, ἐάγην etc.), to which came σβήσομαι, ἔσβηκα. On itself stands κατα-σβῶσαι, which may have an old lengthened grade (cf. below), but which can also with ζόασον, ζοάσεις (s. ab.) be understood as an iterativ (from *σβοῆσαι) of uncertain date. Cf. (with partly diff. view) Schwyzer 719 and 743 w. n. 1. From the byforms with ζ-, ζείναμεν etc., one can conclude for σβέσ(σ)αι, σβέννυμι to an IE * sgʷes-, which cannot be separated from other verbs for `extinguish': Lith. gęs-tù, gès-ti `extinguish, die out', caus. ges-aũ, -ýti `extinguish', Slav., e.g. OCS u-gašǫ, u-gasiti `extinguish' (IE * gʷōs-; also in - σβῶσαι?; s. ab.), Toch. AB käs- `extinguish'; prob. also Skt. jásate `is extinguished', jāsayati `exhaust'. Hitt. kišt-'be extinguished, perish' (e.g. 3. sg. kištari) is however incompatable with the labiovelar in σβέννυμι. If we posit a pure velar g, which is possible for all other languages, σβέννυμαι must be separated. -- Through the initial σ- Greek is distinguished from its cognates. Prob. it concerns a prefix (after Prellwitz s. v. a mutilated ἐξ-). Diff. Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.² I 590) and Schwyzer 743 n. 1 (to be rejected). -- Further forms from the diff. languages with uncertain hypotheses and older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 693f. (Pok. 479f.); s. also Fraenkel Wb. s. gèsti, Vasmer s. gasítь, W.-Hofmann s. sēgnis.

Page in Frisk: 2,685-686

σβέννῡμι, Hdt.2.66, Pl.Lg. 835e, etc.; [full] σβεννύω, Pi.P.1.5, Hp.Acut. 54, Thphr.Ign.19, etc.: [tense] impf.

A

ἐσβέννυον Paus.4.21.4

: [tense] fut. σβέσω App BC2.68, ([etym.] κατα-) A.Ag. 958, E.IT 633; [dialect] Ep. σβέσσω Orac. ap. Hdt. 8.77, Theoc.23.26: [tense] aor.

ἔσβεσα Il.16.293

(tm.), S.Aj. 1057, Ar.Av. 778 (lyr.); [dialect] Ep. inf.

σβέσσαι Il.16.621

; [dialect] Ion. inf.

κατα-ς βῶσαι Herod. 5.39

: [tense] pf. and [tense] aor. 2, v. infr.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. σβήσομαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Lg. 805c: [tense] aor.

σβέσαντο Q.S.1.795

:—[voice] Pass., Hes.Op. 590: [tense] fut.

σβεσθήσομαι Gal.7.17

: [tense] aor.

ἐσβέσθην Hp.Acut.

(Sp.) 26, ([etym.] κατ-) X.HG5.3.8; [dialect] Ep.

συν-έσβετο Opp.H.2.477

, etc.: [tense] pf.

ἔσβεσμαι Longin.21.1

, Ael.NA9.54, etc., ([etym.] ἀπ-) Hp.Int.43:—besides these, [tense] aor. 2 and [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. [voice] Act. are used intr.,

ἔσβην Il.9.471

, ([etym.] ἀπ-) E.Fr. 971, ([etym.] κατ-) Hdt.4.5; imper. σβῆτε (trans.) Sophr. in Stud.Ital.10.123; part.

ἀπο-σβείς Hp.Epid.4.31

: [tense] pf. ἔσβηκα ([etym.] ἀπ-) X.Cyr.8.8.13, ([etym.] κατ-) A.Ag. 888: [tense] plpf. ἐσβήκει ([etym.] ἀπ-) Pl.Smp. 218b:—quench, put out, used by Hom. in the literal sense only in compd. κατα-σβέννυμι (q.v.);

σ. τὸ καιόμενον Hdt.2.66

;

κεραυνόν Pi.P.1.6

;

φλόγα Th.2.77

, A.R.4.668.

2 of liquids, dry up,

ἡ Μηδικὴ πόα σ. τὸ γάλα Arist.HA 522b25

, cf. AP9.549 (Antiphil.).

3 generally and metaph., quench, quell, check,

κεῖνός γ' οὐκ ἐθέλει σβέσσαι χόλον Il.9.678

;

ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι μένος 16.621

;

ὕβριν Simon.

( 132) ap.Hdt.5.77, cf. Orac. ap. eund.8.77, Heraclit.43, Pl.Lg. 835e;

εἰ μὴ θεῶν τις τήνδε πεῖραν ἔσβεσεν S.Aj. 1057

;

ὡς φόνῳ σβέσῃ φόνον E.HF40

;

ἔσβεσε κύματα νήνεμος αἴθρη Ar.Av. 778

;

σ. αὔξην καὶ ἐπιρροήν Pl.Lg. 783b

; τὸν θυμόν ib. 888a; καῦμα (in the bowels) Hp.Acut.54;

ὁ βορέας σ. τὴν θερμότητα Arist.Mete. 347b4

; λιθάργυρον ὄξει ἢ οἴνῳ ς. cooling it, Dsc.5.87; ὕδατι δίψαν ς. A.R.3.1349; σ. τυραννίδα Epigr. ap. Plu.Lyc.20;

κλέος AP9.104

(Alph.); Ἑλλάδα φωνήν ib. 451; regard as extinguishable,

ταύτας τὰς δυνάμεις Plot.6.4.10

.

II [voice] Pass. σβέννυμαι (with intr. tenses of [voice] Act., v. supr.), to be quenched, go out, of fire,

οὐδέ ποτ' ἔσβη πῦρ Il.9.471

; of inflamed pustules, go down, disappear, Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 26; ἰχθύων.. ᾠὰ μετὰ ἁλῶν σβεσθέντα (s.v.l.)

καὶ ἐποπτηθέντα Diph.Siph.

ap. Ath.3.121c: metaph. of men, become extinct, die, AP 7.20 (Simon.?); of a city, ib.9.178 (Antiphil.).

2 of liquids, run dry,

γάλα Arist.HA 587b28

;

πηγαί AP9.128

;

αἷμα Plu.2.49d

; αἶγες σβεννύμεναι goats which are going off their milk, Hes.Op. 590.

3 generally, to be quelled or lulled, of wind,

οὐδέ ποτ' ἔσβη οὖρος Od.3.182

; of sound,

σβέννυτο θωρήκων ἐνοπή Tryph.10

: metaph.,

τὸ μάχιμον σβεννύμενον ὑπὸ γήρως Plu.Pomp.8

; ἐσβέσθη Νίκανδρος his charm is quenched, AP12.39; of an orator, D.H.Pomp. 4;

ἐσβέσθη τὰ φίλτρα AP7.221

, cf. Philostr.VA1.33, Longin.21.1; of legal proceedings, to be cancelled,

διὰ τὸ ἐσβέσθαι πᾶν σπέρμα δίκης PMonac.1.43

(vi A.D.). (I.-E. zg[uglide]es-, cf. ζείναμεν· σβέννυμεν, Hsch., Lith. gèsti 'to be extinguished'.)