σβεσθῆναι

σβέννυμι

quench: aor inf pass

σβέννυμι

quench: aor inf pass

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `quench, to extinguish, to be extinguished, extinct (IA.).

Other forms: - ύω (Pi., Hp. a. o.), aor. σβέσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. σβεσθῆναι (IA.), fut. σβέσω (A., E. a. o.); midd. σβέννυμαι (Hes.), aor. σβῆναι (Il.), fut. σβήσομαι (Pl. a. o.), perf. ἔσβηκα (A.), ἔσβεσμαι (Parm. a.o.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. ἀπο- and κατα- (on the use in Hom. Graz Le feu dans l'Il. et l'Od.259ff.).

Derivatives: σβέ-σις ( ἀπό-, κατά- σβέννυμι) f. `extinction, putting out' (Arist. etc.), σβεσ-τήρ, - τῆρος m. `extinguisher' (Plu.; not quite certain), - τήριος `useful for extinguishing' (Th. etc.), - τικός `id.' (Arist. etc.); ἄ-σβεσ-τος `unextinguishable' (Hom. a.o.; σβεστός Nonn.), f. (sc. τίτανος) `unslaked lime' (Dsc., Plu. a. o.) with ἀσβεστ-ήριοι and - ωσις H. as explanation of κονιαταί resp. κονίασις. -- Deviating the aor. κατα-σβῶσαι (Herod.). -- Besides some H.glossen: ζείναμεν (- υμεν?) σβέννυμεν, ἐζίνα (for - είν-) ἐπεσβέννυεν, ἀποζίννυται (cod. - ξ-; for - ζείν-) ἀποσβέννυται; ζόασον σβέσον; ζοάσ\< εις\> σ[ε]βέσεις.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [479] * (s)gʷes- `extinguish'

Etymology: The above formal system is as a whole built on the root σβεσ- in σβέσ-σαι and ἄ-σβεσ-τος. To the aorist σβέσ(σ)αι joined σβέννυμι from *σβέσ-νυ-μι (on the phonetics Schwyzer 697), σβέσω, σβεσθῆναι, ἔσβεσμαι. To this came as innovation ἔσβην, σβῆναι (after ἔστην, ἐκάην, ἐάγην etc.), to which came σβήσομαι, ἔσβηκα. On itself stands κατα-σβῶσαι, which may have an old lengthened grade (cf. below), but which can also with ζόασον, ζοάσεις (s. ab.) be understood as an iterativ (from *σβοῆσαι) of uncertain date. Cf. (with partly diff. view) Schwyzer 719 and 743 w. n. 1. From the byforms with ζ-, ζείναμεν etc., one can conclude for σβέσ(σ)αι, σβέννυμι to an IE * sgʷes-, which cannot be separated from other verbs for `extinguish': Lith. gęs-tù, gès-ti `extinguish, die out', caus. ges-aũ, -ýti `extinguish', Slav., e.g. OCS u-gašǫ, u-gasiti `extinguish' (IE * gʷōs-; also in - σβῶσαι?; s. ab.), Toch. AB käs- `extinguish'; prob. also Skt. jásate `is extinguished', jāsayati `exhaust'. Hitt. kišt-'be extinguished, perish' (e.g. 3. sg. kištari) is however incompatable with the labiovelar in σβέννυμι. If we posit a pure velar g, which is possible for all other languages, σβέννυμαι must be separated. -- Through the initial σ- Greek is distinguished from its cognates. Prob. it concerns a prefix (after Prellwitz s. v. a mutilated ἐξ-). Diff. Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.² I 590) and Schwyzer 743 n. 1 (to be rejected). -- Further forms from the diff. languages with uncertain hypotheses and older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 693f. (Pok. 479f.); s. also Fraenkel Wb. s. gèsti, Vasmer s. gasítь, W.-Hofmann s. sēgnis.

Page in Frisk: 2,685-686

μέχρῐ, and [full] μέχρῐς, Adv.

A as far as, so used chiefly in Prose and before a Prep., μέχρι πρός .. Pl.Ti. 25b, Criti. 118a;

μ. εἰς X.An.6.4.26

;

ἐς γόνυ μ. χιτῶνα ζώννυσθαι Call.Dian.11

: before Advs. of Place or Time,

μ. ἐνταῦθα Pl.Sph. 222a

, al.;

μ. δεῦρο τοῦ λόγου Id.Smp. 217e

; μ. ὅποι .. Id.Grg. 487c; μ. ὅπου .. Call.Del. 169;

οὕτω μέχρι πόρρω D.18.163

;

μ. τότε Th.8.24

;

μ. τὰ νῦν Pl.Lg. 686b

; μ. νῦν (v.l. τοῦ νῦν) D.S.17.110;

μ. καὶ νῦν Str.16.2.13

; μέχρι πότε χηρεύομεν; Ach.Tat.4.1.

II Prep. c. gen., even to, as far as,

1 of Place,

μέχρι θαλάσσης Il.13.143

;

μ. τοῦ γούνατος Hdt.2.80

;

μ. τῆς πόλεως Th.6.96

, cf. X.An.1.7.6, al.: rarely following its case,

ὀμφαλοῦ μ. Pl.Lg. 925a

, cf.Supp.Epigr.3.400.5 (Delph., iii B.C.).

2 of Time, τέο μέχρις; i.e. τίνος μέχρι χρόνου; how long? Il.24.128; μέχρις τεῦ; Callin.1.1: in Prose,

μέχρι τούτου Hdt.1.4

; μέχρι οὗ, μέχρι ὅσου, Pl.Mx. 245a, Hdt.8.3, al.; μ. τοσούτου, ἕως ἂν .. Th.1.90;

μ. τούτου,.. μέχρις ἂν ῥηθῶσιν Din.1.91

, cf. Pl.Phd. 81d: with the Art., τὸ μ. ἐμεῦ up to my time, Hdt.3.10, 5.115; μ. τῆς ἐκείνου ζόης till the end of his life, Id.3.160;

μ. ἡμερέων ἑπτά Id.6.12

;

μέχρι Πυθίων Th.5.1

;

μέχρι ἡλίου δύντος IG12.188.4

.

3 of Measure or Degree, μ. τοῦ δικαίου so far as consists with right, Th.3.82;

μ. τοῦ δυνατοῦ Pl. R. 498e

; μ. ὑγιείας, μ. ἡδονῆς, ib. 559a, Grg. 500b;

μ. θανάτου Ep.Phil.2.8

.

4 with Numbers to express a round sum, up to, about, nearly,

μ. δώδεκα X.Smp.2.8

, etc.: sts. without altering the case of the Subst.,

τοὺς μ. τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονότας Aeschin.2.133

; but

πίνειν.. τοὺς μ. ἐτῶν τριάκοντα Apollod.Car.5.19

; μ. τινὸς πλήθους up to a certain number, Aen.Tact.15.3: hence, just short of,

μ. κόρου μετρεῖσθαι J.BJ2.8.5

.

5 in Hdt., μέχρι οὗ is sts. used like the simple

μέχρι, μέχρι οὗ ὀκτὼ πύργων 1.181

;

μέχρι οὗ τροπέων τῶν θερινέων 2.19

; μ. ὅτεν πληθώρης ἀγορῆς ib. 173.

III as a Conj., until, c. ind.,

μέχρι.. ὁρμὴ ἐνέπεσε Th.4.4

, cf. Pl.Smp. 220d;

μ. σκότος ἐγένετο X.An.4.2.4

; μέχρι ἄν c. subj., ib.1.4.13, 2.3.24;

μέχρις ἂν ἥλιος δύῃ IG12(5).647.17

([place name] Ceos);

μέχρις κε μένῃ Call.Sos.5.4

: rarely without

ἄν, μ. τοῦτο ἴδωμεν Hdt.4.119

;

μ. πλοῦς γένηται Th.1.137

;

μ. οὗ τι δόξῃ Id.3.28

;

μέχρι τέκῃ Call.Sos.5.5

;

μέχρις οὗ εἴπῃ Herod.2.43

;

μ. καταντήσωμεν Ep.Eph.4.13

;

μέχρις ἵνα ψαύσειε Call.Dian.28

(s.v.l.): c. inf.,

μ. σβεσθῆναι τὸ πῦρ App.Hisp.75

;

μέχρις ἠῶ δῖαν ἱκέσθαι Q.S. 1.830

; also

μέχρι ἂν ἕξιν λαβεῖν Ceb.35

.

2 as long as, whilst, c. ind., Th.3.10,98, Plb.1.62.4; μ. ἄν c. subj.,

μέχρις ἂν ζῶσιν πονεῖν Men.633

;

μέχρις ἂν ἐνδημῶσιν οἱ πρέσβεις Aen.Tact.10.11

, cf. Epict. Ench.11; [dialect] Dor.

μέχρι κα ζώη GDI1807.7

(ii B.C.), al.—The [suff] μετώπο-ι is elided in IG12.115.15, Supp.Epigr.l.c.—Cf. ἄχρι throughout and sub fin.