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1 βιασάμενος
βιᾱσάμενος, βιάωconstrain: aor part mid masc nom sg (attic)βιᾱσάμενος, βιάωconstrain: aor part mid masc nom sg (doric aeolic)βιάζωconstrain: aor part mid masc nom sg -
2 βιάζω
βιάζω, bewältigen, zwingen; Hom. acti v. Odyss. 12, 297 βιάζετε μοῦνον ἐόντα, Scholl. Aristonic. βιάζετε: Ζηνόδοτος βιάζεσϑ' οἶον ἐόντα, οὐ νοήσας, ὅτι ποιητικῶς ἐσχημάτισται, d. h. Zenodot habe nicht begriffen, daß Homer das Verbum βιάζεσϑαι, welches gewöhnlich allerdings medium (passivum) sei, hier ausnahmsweise einmal mit dichterischer Freiheit als activum conjugire; medium Iliad. 22, 229 Odyss. 9, 410 βιάζεται, passiv. Iliad. 11, 589 βιάζεται, 15, 727. 16, 102 βιάζετο, 11, 576 βιαζόμενον. Activ. Alcaeus com. B. A. 86 ἐβίασε (Meineke C. G. F. 2, 2 p. 833), und Spätere; passiv. das praes. Thuc. 1, 2. 77. 4, 10. 7, 84 Aeschyl. Ag. 1509 Soph. Ant. 66, das perf. βεβίασμαι Xen. Hell. 5, 2, 23, der aor. ἐβιάσϑην Xen. Hell. 7, 3, 9. Meist dep. med. βιάζομαι: 1) Gewaltanthun, bedrängen, zwingen; Demosth. Fals. leg. 206 οὐδὲν γὰρ πώποτ' οὔτ' ἠνώχλησα οὔτε μὴ βουλομένους ὑμᾶς βεβίασμαι; βιασϑέντες λύᾳ Pind. N. 9, 14; τινά Aesch. Spt. 1033 Ag. 768 u. sonst; γυναῖκα, ein Weib nothzüchtigen, Plat. Legg. IX, 874 c; Xen. Cyr. 2, 1, 34; vgl. Ar. Pl. 1092; ἀνϑρώπους, gewaltthätig behandeln, Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 24; ἑαυτόν, sich Gewalt anthun, sich tödten, Plat. Phaed. 61 d; oft Ggstz πείϑειν, z. B. Gorg. 517 d; τὰ σφάγια Her. 9, 41, Gewalt anthun, verletzen; νόμους Thuc. 8, 53; ἄλλοϑεν βιασϑέντες, mit Gewalt weggeführt, Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 56. Oft wird ein inf. hinzugesetzt, Xen. An. 1, 3, 1, u. bes. Sp. – 2) erzwingen, mit Gewalt durchsetzen, τὰ σφάγια, günstige Vorzeichen, Her. 9, 41; τὸν ἔκπλουν Thuc. 7, 70; βιασάμενον ἐκπλεῖν 7, 67; βιασάμενος, mit Gewalt, Xen. An. 7, 8, 11; ὁ νόμος πολλὰ παρὰ τὴν φύσιν βιάζεται Plat. Prot. 337 d; vgl. Xen. Hell. 5, 3, 12. 6, 1, 4; εἴσω, mit Gewalt eindringen, Cyr. 3, 3, 69; vgl. 5, 5, 45; διὰ τῶν φυλάκων Thuc. 7, 83; πρὸς τὸν λόφον ἐλϑεῖν 7, 79; πρὸς τὸν λόφον Pol. 2, 67; τῆ πύλη 4, 18 u. öfter; πρόσω, vorwärts dringen, Plut. Pomp. 71; τὰς ναῦς, die Schiffe forciren, Thuc. 7, 23; vgl. 3, 20; πολεμίους Xen. An. 1, 4, 5, d. i. βίᾳ ἀπώσασϑαι. – Auch von der Rede, etwas behaupten u. eine Behauptung durchzusetzen suchen, νοητὰ ἄττα εἴδη – τὴν ἀληϑινὴν οὐσίαν εἶναι Plat. Soph. 246 b; vgl. Dem. 21, 205. – Von dem Styl, βεβιασμένα σχήματα, geschraubt, Dion. Hal. iud. de Thuc. 33, öfter.
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3 βιάζω
A constrain, [voice] Act. once in Hom.,ἦ μάλα δή με βιάζετε Od.12.297
;ἐβίασε τὴν γυναῖκά μου Alc.Com.29
: abs., εἰ πάνυ ἐβίαζον if they used force, Hp.Epid.2.24; cf. infr.1.2:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.βιασθήσομαι Paus. 6.5.9
: [tense] aor. ἐβιάσθην, [tense] pf. βεβίασμαι (v. infr.):— to be hard pressed or overpowered,βελέεσσι βιάζεται Il.11.589
; βιάζετο γὰρ βελ. 15.727;βιασθέντες λύᾳ Pi.N.9.14
;νόσῳ Ar.Fr.20
(= Trag.Adesp.70); to be forced or constrained to do, c. inf., Id.Th.890: c. acc. cogn.,βιάζομαι τάδε S.Ant.66
, cf. 1073; ;ἐπεὶ ἐβιάσθη Th.4.44
;ὑπό τινος Id.1.2
; opp. ἀδικεῖσθαι, ib.77;βιασθεὶς ἄκων ἔπραξεν D.6.16
;ἵνα ἢ συγχωρήσωσιν.. ἢ βιασθῶσιν Id.18.175
; ; βεβιασμένοι forcibly made slaves, X.Hier.2.12; πόλεις βεβ. Id.HG5.2.23: ; τὸ βιασθέν those who are forced, Arist.Pol. 1255a11; of things, τοὔνειδος ὀργῇ βιασθέν forced from one by anger, S.OT 524; τὸ βεβιασμένον forced to fit a hypothesis, Arist.Metaph. 1082b2; βεβ. σχήματα forced figures of speech, D.H.Th.33, cf. Porph.Antr. 36.2 [voice] Act., make good, suffice to discharge a debt, PFlor.56.13.II more freq. βιάζομαι, [tense] aor. [voice] Med. ἐβιασάμην, [tense] pf.βεβίασμαι D.19.206
, Men.Sam.63, D.C.46.45:—overpower by force, press hard,ἦ μάλα δή σε βιάζεται ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς Il.22.229
, etc.; β. τοὺς πολεμίους dislodge them, X.An.1.4.5; β. νόμους to do them violence, Th. 8.53; βιασάμενος ταῦτα πάντα having broken through all these restraints, Lys.6.52; β. γυναῖκα force her, Ar.Pl. 1092; opp. πείθειν, Lys.1.32; β. αὑτόν lay violent hands on oneself, Pl.Phd. 61c, 61d; β. τινά, c. inf., force one to do, X.An.1.3.1; τί με βιάζεσθε λέγειν; Arist. Fr.44: with inf. omitted, β. τὰ σφάγια force the victims [ to be favourable], Hdt.9.41;β. ἄστρα Theoc.22.9
: c. dupl. acc.,αὐδῶ πόλιν σε μὴ β. τόδε A.Th. 1047
.2 c. acc. rei, carry by force, βιάσασθαι τὸν ἔκπλουν force an exit, Th.7.72;τὴν ἀπόβασιν Id.4.11
: c. acc. neut., And.4.17, X.HG5.3.12.3 abs., act with violence, use force, A.Pr. 1010, Ag. 1509 (lyr.), S.Aj. 1160, etc.;πρὸς τὸ λαμπρὸν ὁ φθόνος βιάζεται Trag.Adesp.547.12
; opp. δικάζομαι, Th.1.77; β. διὰ φυλάκων force one's way, Id.7.83; β. ἐς τὸ ἔξω, β. εἴσω, ib.69, X.Cyr.3.3.69;δρόμῳ β. Th.1.63
: c. inf.,β. πρὸς τὸν λόφον ἐλθεῖν Id.7.79
; βιαζόμενοι βλάπτειν using every effort to hurt me, Lys.9.16; but βιαζόμενοιμὴ ἀποδιδόναι refusing with violence to repay, X.HG5.3.12: esp. in part., ἵνα βιασάμενοι ἐκπλεύσωσι may sail out by forcing their way, Th.7.67;συνεξέρχονται βιασάμενοι X.An.7.8.11
; ἐπὶ μᾶλλον ἔτι β. (of a famine) grow worse and worse, Hdt.1.94.4 contend or argue vehemently, c. inf., Pl.Sph. 246b; β. τὸ μὴ ὂν ὡς ἔστι κατά τι ib. 241d: abs., persist in assertion, D.21.205. -
4 βιάζω
βιάζω, bewältigen, zwingen. (1) Gewalt antun, bedrängen, zwingen; γυναῖκα, ein Weib notzüchtigen; ἀνϑρώπους, gewalttätig behandeln; ἑαυτόν, sich Gewalt antun, sich töten; τὰ σφάγια, verletzen; ἄλλοϑεν βιασϑέντες, mit Gewalt weggeführt. (2) erzwingen, mit Gewalt durchsetzen, τὰ σφάγια, günstige Vorzeichen; βιασάμενος, mit Gewalt; εἴσω, mit Gewalt eindringen; πρόσω, vorwärts dringen; τὰς ναῦς, die Schiffe forcieren. Auch von der Rede: etwas behaupten u. eine Behauptung durchzusetzen suchen -
5 βιάζω
βιάζω (Hom.+) nearly always as a mid. dep. βιάζομαι; aor. mid. ἐβιασάμην, pass. 2 sg. ἐβιάσθης Sir 31:21. Apart fr. Dg. 7:4; 10:15 most of this entry concerns probabilities relating to β. in Mt 11:12 and par. Lk 16:16. The principal semantic problem is whether β. is used negatively (‘in malam partem’) or positively (‘in bonam partem’), a problem compounded by the question of the function of these vss. in their literary context. In Gk. lit. β. is most often used in the unfavorable sense of attack or forcible constraint (s. L-S-J-M).① to inflict violence on, dominate, constrain w. acc. (Herodas 2, 71; Menand., Dyscolus 253 [opp. πείθειν use of persuasion]; 371; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 35 §139; PAmh 35, 17 [213 B.C.] βιασάμενος αὐτούς; PGiss 19, 13; LGötzeler, Quaestiones in Appiani et Polybii dicendi genus 1890, 63; Esth 7:8 [rape]; En 103:14; 104:3) mistreat the poor people β. τοὺς ὑποδεεστέρους Dg 10:5.—With β. taken as pass., Mt 11:12 ἡ βασιλεία τ. οὐρανῶν βιάζεται is frequently understood in the unfavorable sense the reign/kingdom of heaven is violently treated, is oppressed (so the pass. e.g. Thu. 1, 77, 4; POxy 294, 16 [22 A.D.]; Sir 31:21. On the topic of violence to the divine, cp. Paus. 2, 1, 5 τὰ θεῖα βιάσασθαι=(it is difficult for a mere human) to coerce things in the realm of the divine.—GSchrenk, TW I 608ff; NRSV ‘has suffered violence’; its mng., w. β. understood as mid.: ‘has been coming violently’, s. 2 end); var. ways by which the violence is suffered have been suggested—(a) through hindrances raised against it (βιάζομαι=be hindered, be obstructed: cp. the use of the mid. in this sense: Synes., Provid. 1, 1, 89c of the evil man’s power, which strives εἴ πῃ τὸν θεῖον νόμον βιάσαιτο=[to see] whether it could perhaps ‘hinder’ the divine law; Jos., Ant. 1, 261). For the pass. in this sense, s. the versions: It., Vulg., Syr. Sin. and Cur. S. also Dalman, Worte 113–16; MDibelius, Joh. d. T. 1911, 26ff: hostile spirits.—(b) through the efforts of unauthorized pers. to compel its coming (s. HScholander, ZNW 13, 1912, 172–75)—(c) through attempts to occupy (an area) by force (a territory, Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 24 §91).② to gain an objective by force, use force, intr. (X., Mem. 3, 9, 10; Diod S 4, 12, 5 οἱ βιαζόμενοι=the ones who use force, the intruders; Plut., Mor. 203c; Epict. 4, 8, 40; Lucian, Necyom. 20, Hermot. 22; SIG 1042, 8 [Dssm., NB 85f (BS 258)]; 888, 24; 1243, 4f; PTebt 6, 31; PFlor 382, 54; Dt 22:25, 28; Philo, Mos. 1, 215; Jos., Bell. 3, 493; 518) of compulsion οὐ βιαζόμενος without using force (opp. πείθειν) Dg 7:4.—Of forcing one’s way (Demosth. 55, 17; Appian, Hann. 24 §106) w. εἴς τι enter forcibly into someth. (Thu. 1, 63, 1; 7, 69, 4; Polyb. 1, 74, 5; Plut., Otho 1072 [12, 10]; Philo, Mos. 1, 108 of a gnat forcing its way into bodily orifices εἰς τἀντὸς βιάζεται; Jos., Bell. 3, 423) ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγελίζεται καὶ πᾶς εἰς αὐτὴν βιάζεται the reign of God is being proclaimed and everyone takes (or tries to take [cp. Polemo Soph. B 11 Reader, s. p. 266f]) it by force Lk 16:16 (hyperbolic usage; on the question whether this is a perspective attributed to Jesus or to his opposition concerning moral miscalculation, s. FDanker, JBL 77, ’58, 234–36).— Makes its way w. triumphant force is preferred for Mt 11:12 by FBaur; TZahn; AHarnack, SBBerlAk 1907, 947–57; WBrandt, ZNW 11, 1910, 247f; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, 84–88; cp. NRSV mg. ‘has been coming violently’.—EGraesser, D. Problem der Parusieverzögerung, ZNW Beih. 22, ’57, 180ff; OBetz, Jesu heiliger Krieg, NovT 2, ’57, 116–37.③ go after someth. w. enthusiasm, seek fervently, try hard, the sense is sought w. burning zeal is preferred by HHoltzmann; FDibelius, StKr 86, 1913, 285–88; et al. for Mt 11:12. A variation of this interpretation is the sense try hard, but the support sought in Epict. 4, 7, 20f is questionable, for this latter pass. rather refers to attempts at forced entry when one is not welcome.④ constrain (warmly) if βιάζεται Lk 16:16 is to be understood as a passive, as POxy 294, 16 (22 A.D.), or in the same sense as the mid. in Gen 33:11; Judg 13:15, the sense would be invite urgently of the ‘genteel constraint imposed on a reluctant guest’ (so vHoffmann et al.; s. FDibelius [s. 3 above]; cp. the sense of Lk 14:23 ἀνάγκασον εἰσελθεῖν ‘compel them to come in’).—On usage at Qumran s. BThiering, NovT 21, ’79, 293–97.—DELG s.v. βία. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.
См. также в других словарях:
βιασάμενος — βιᾱσάμενος , βιάω constrain aor part mid masc nom sg (attic) βιᾱσάμενος , βιάω constrain aor part mid masc nom sg (doric aeolic) βιάζω constrain aor part mid masc nom sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
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