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1 καρκίνος
A crab, Epich.53, Hellanic.103 J., S.Ichn.298, Ar. Eq. 608, Pl.Euthd. 297c, Batr.299;κ. ποδήνεμοι Crates Com.29.3
: various species distinguished, Arist.HA 525a34, cf. 601a17, al.: prov., ; εἴς μ' ὁρεῦσα καρκίνου μέζον 'with saucer-eyes', Herod.4.44.II Cancer, as a sign in the zodiac, Eudox. ap. Hipparch.1.2.18, Euc. Phaen.p.10 M., Arat.147, etc.IV from like ness of shape to crab's claws,1 pair of pincers, Aen.Tact.20.3, 32.5, IG11(2).165.11 (Delos, iii B.C.), AP6.92 (Phil.), Ath.10.456d;κ. σιδηροῦς POxy.521.14
(ii A.D.); used as an instrument of torture, D.S.20.71: in Surgery, forceps,κ. ἰατρικός IG22.47.16
: metaph., λήψεται τὸν τράχηλον ἐντόνως ὁ κ. E.Cyc. 609.2 = ζυγώματα, bones of the temples, Poll.2.85.5 pair of compasses, Ph.Bel.55.25, Ph.2.192, Gal.Opt.Doctr.3, S.E.M. 10.54: heterocl. pl.,καρκίνα σπειροῦχα AP6.295.5
(Phan.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καρκίνος
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2 καρκίνος
Grammatical information: m. (Epich., IA.)Meaning: `crab' (on the meaning Thompson Fishes s. v.), metaph.. `ulcer, pair of pincers, kind of shoe etc.', also name of a constellation (Scherer Gestirnnamen 167f.). -Derivatives: Diminut. καρκίνιον (Arist., Hp.), also `kind of slipper' (Herod.), καρκινάς, - άδος f. (Gal., Ael.); καρκινίας m. name of a precious stone (Plin.; after the colour; as καπνίας a. o.; Chantraine Formation 94); καρκινευτής `crab-catcher' (Artem. 2, 14; after ἁλιευτής, ὀρνιθευτής a. o.); καρκινώδης `crab-like' (Arist., medic.). Denomin. verb καρκινόω `bend, crook one's fingers' (Antiph., Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 65), - όομαι `become cancerous, suffer from cancer' (Hp.) with καρκίνωμα `cancer' (medic.), καρκίνωσις `formation of dangerous growth' (Aët.); καρκίνωθρον (codd. - αθρον, - ηθρον) plant name, `Polygonum aviculare' (Dsc. 4, 4; after Strömberg Pflanzennamen 147 prop. "Krebsmittel" [?]; rather of the crab-like spreading roots).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Clearly connected with Lat. cancer `crab', Skt. karkaṭa- `id.'; the morphological details however are not all clear. As in Lat. cancer from * car-cro-s καρκίνος may also have had a dissimilation of r-sounds with addition of the ινο-suffix (cf. Schwyzer 490); on the formation of Skt. karkaṭa- Wackernagel-Debrunner 2: 2, 157 (etymological doubts in Mayrhofer KEWA s. v.). - From καρκίνος as LW [loanword]. Skt. karki(n)- `the crab in the zodiac' (with karka- `crab' [lex.] as backformation?). - Connection with the adjective for `hard' (s. κάρκαρος, κράτος) seems quite possible. Cf. W.-Hofmann s. cancer. - The Sanskrit word is probably not cognate (Mayrhofer, EWAia 64, Fur. 129). Fur. connects κάρχαι καρκίνοι, καὶ \<κ\> όχλοι. Σικελοί H. [not mentioned in Frisk, DELG], which is evident. This poves Pre-Greek origin. Fur. doubts the correctnes of Lat. cancer \< * karkro-, which cannot be proven. Fur. prefers to connct γάγγραινα, γάγγλιον. - ινο- can be a Pre-Greek suffix (Fur. 129 n. 54; Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes; Fur. also comments on the accentuation). He also adduces (130) the PN Κερκίνος and the river name Κερκινεύς (Thessaly) with *κερκιν-.Page in Frisk: 1,789-790Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καρκίνος
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