łotr

noun "stone" LT2:342, LT1:254 – probably only ondo in LotR-style Quenya, see below. Various "Qenya" forms: ondoli "rocks" MC:213; this would be a partitive plural in LotR-style Quenya, ondolin "rocks" MC:220, ondoisen "upon rocks" MC:221, ondolissen "rocks-on" MC:214; the latter form, partitive plural locative, is still valid in LotR-style Quenya.

noun "stone" LT2:342, LT1:254 – probably only ondo in LotR-style Quenya, see below. Various "Qenya" forms: ondoli "rocks" MC:213; this would be a partitive plural in LotR-style Quenya, ondolin "rocks" MC:220, ondoisen "upon rocks" MC:221, ondolissen "rocks-on" MC:214; the latter form, partitive plural locative, is still valid in LotR-style Quenya. noun "stone" as a material, also "rock" UT:459, GOND. Pl. ondor in an earlier variant of Markirya; partitive pl. locative ondolissë "on rocks" in the final version. Compounded in ondomaitar “sculptor in stone” PE17:163, Ondoher masc.name, *"Stone-lord" ondo alluding to Ondonórë = Sindarin Gondor, "stone-land" Appendix A, \#ondolunca “k” “stonewain”, possessive form in the place-name Nand’ Ondoluncava “Stonewain Valley” PE17:28, also Ondoluncanando as a compound. Ondolindë place-name "Gondolin" SA:gond, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193; see Ondo. Earlier "Qenya" has Ondolinda changed from Ondolin "singing stone, Gondolin" LT1:254

1 vb. "make, do, build, form" 1st pers. aorist carin "I make, build"; the aorist is listed with all pronominal endings in VT49:16, also in pl. and dual forms carir, carit. Regarding the form carize- PE17:128, see -s \#1. Pa.t. carnë KAR, PE17:74, 144. The infinitival aorist stem carë "k" by Patrick Wynne called a “general aorist infinitive” in VT49:34 occurs in ecë nin carë sa “I can do it” VT49:34, also in áva carë "don't do it" WJ:371 and uin carë PE17:68; in the last example Tolkien calls carë an example of the “simplest aorist infinitive”, the same source referring to carië as the “general infinitive” of the same verb. Pl. aorist carir "form" in the phrase i carir quettar “k” "those who form words" WJ:391, cf. VT49:16, continuative cára, future caruva PE17:144, carita "k", infinitive/gerund "to do" or "doing" VT42:33, with suffixes caritas "to do it" or "doing it", caritalyas "your doing it" in VT41:13,17, VT42:33. Past participle \#carna, q.v.; VT43:15 also gives the long form carina "k", read perhaps *cárina. Carima as a passive participle may be a mistake, VT43:15. PE17:68 refers to a “simple past passive participle” of the form carinwa “kari-nwa”. “Rare” past participle active ? cárienwa “k” *”having done” PE17:68, unless this is also a kind of passive participle the wording of the source is unclear. Some alternative forms in Fíriel's Song: past tense cárë "káre" "made"; this may still be an alternative to the better-attested form carnë LR:362 even in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. ohtacárë “war-made”, made war see \#ohtacar-. Also *cárië with various suffixes: cárier "kárier" is translated "they made"; in LotR-style Quenya this could be seen as an augmentless perfect, hence *"they have made", "they" being simply the plural ending -r. The literal meaning of cárielto "k" must also be *"they made" cf. -lto. – Derived adjectives urcárima and urcarnë “hard to make / do”, urucarin “made with difficulty” PE17:154, saucarya “evil-doing” PE17:68. 2 prep. "with" carelyë "with thee", prepositional element evidently an ephemeral form abandoned by Tolkien VT43:29

1 "a-mbar" noun "oikumenē Greek: the earth as the human habitation, Earth, world" MBAR, stem ambar- PE17:66, related to and associated with mar "home, dwelling" VT45:33; in VT46:13 the latter glosses are possibly also ascribed to the word ambar itself the wording is not clear. The form ambaren also listed in the Etymologies was presumably intended as the genitive singular at the time of writing in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the dative singular; in the printed version in LR, the misreading "ambaron" appears see VT45:33. Ambar-metta noun "the end of the world" EO; spelt ambarmetta in VT44:36. The element \#umbar in Tarumbar "King of the World" q.v. would seem to be a variant of ambar, just like ambar \#2 "doom" also alternates with umbar see below. 2 noun "fate, doom" variant of umbar? in Turambar SA:amarth; stem ambart- PE17:66, instrumental ambartanen "by doom" Silm ch. 21, UT:138, PE17:66. The early "Qenya" lexicon has ambar "Fate", also amarto LT2:348 3 noun "”breast” chest, with stem in -s- or -r- QL:30. The form ambar, translated “in bosom”,occurs in MC:213 this is "Qenya". Note: if this word were to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, we should probably have to read *ambas with stem ambar-; compare olos, olor- “dream” from a late source. However, the form ambos q.v. is less ambiguous and may be preferred.

noun "hunting, preying" LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather roimë misreading "raime" in LR:384. Normally, LotR-style Quenya does not permit final consonant clusters.

as in "g.sg. Úrinden", in LotR-style Quenya this is dat.sg. noun, a name of the Sun UR, PE17:148; this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it.

1 vb. "give" ANAsup1/sup, MC:215, 221, pa.t. antanë antanen “I gave”, VT49:14 or †ánë, perfect ánië PE17:147, cf. QL:31. According to VT49:14, Tolkien noted that anta- was sometimes often with an “ironic tone” to refer to missiles, so that antanen hatal sena “I gave him a spear as a present” was often used with the real sense of “I cast a spear at him”. Usually the recipient of the thing given is mentioned in the dative or allative case like sena in this example, but there is also a construction similar to English “present someone with something” in which the recipient is the object and the gift appears in the instrumental case: antanenyes parmanen, “I presented him with a book” PE17:91. – The verb occurs several times in FS: antalto"they gave"; strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present see -lto for the ending; antar a pl. verb translated "they gave", though in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the present tense "give" pl.; antaróta "he gave it" anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it", another verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. Also antáva "will give", future tense of anta- "give"; read perhaps *antuva in LotR-style Quenya; similarly antaváro "he will give" LR:63 might later have appeared as *antuvas with the ending -s rather than “Qenya” -ro for “he”. Antalë imperative "give thou" VT43:17, sc. anta "give" + the element le "thou", but this was a form Tolkien abandoned. Apparently ana was at one point considered as another imperative “give”, but Tolkien rewrote the text in question VT44:13, and the normal patterns would suggest *á anta with an independent imperative particle.

"q" noun "last day of year" YEN or "full year" VT46:23. The latter gloss also turns up in PM:quantien"full year" = yén, a period of 144 solar years PM:126; pl. quantiéni, PM:127. Since the latter meaning comes from drafts for the LotR Appendices that did not make it into the published LotR, it is difficult to tell whether it is canonical.

2 intensive or superlative prefix carrying the idea of "very" or "most", seen in ancalima "most bright" cf. calima "bright", antara "very high, very lofty" and \#anyára *"very old" or *"oldest" the latter form occurring in the so-called Elaine inscription VT49:40, there with the dative ending -n. Assimilated to am- before p-, as in amparca "k" "very dry", and to al-, ar-, as- before words in l-, r-, s- though Tolkien seems to indicate that before words in l- derived from earlier d, the original quality of the consonant would be preserved so that forms in and- rather than all- would result. See also un-. Letters:279, VT45:5, 36 Regarding the form of the superlative prefix before certain consonants, another, partially discrepant system was also set down in the Etymologies and first published in VT45:36. The prefix was to appear as um- or un- before labialized consonants like p-, qu-, v- the consonant v preserving its ancient pronunciation b- following the prefix, thus producing a word in umb-, as in- technically iñ- before c- and g- the latter presumably referring to words that originally had initial g-, later lost in Quenya but evidently preserved following this prefix, and as an- otherwise. However, this system would contradict the canonical example ancalima, which would have been *incalima if Tolkien had maintained this idea. – In a post-LotR source, the basic form of the prefix is given as am- instead see am- \#2. In this late conception, the prefix still appears as an- before most consonants, but as ama- before r, l, and the form an- is used even before s- whether original or from þ, not the assimilated variant as- described above. General principles would suggest that the form am- should also appear before y- so the form \#anyára probably presupposes an- rather than am- as the basic form of the prefix, Tolkien revisiting the earlier concept in the Elaine inscription. PE17:92 3 prefix "re" in antúlien, q.v. LotR-style Quenya shows en- instead.

as in "g.sg. ambarónen", in LotR-style Quenya this would be a dative singular noun "uprising, sunrise, Orient" AMsup2/sup. - In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the form ambaron also appears in the entry MBAR, but according to VT45:33 this is an error for ambaren, apparently intended as the genitive singular of ambar in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the dative singular.

"k" noun "head" KAS.The given stem-form appears doubtful within the phonological framework of LotR-style Quenya. Probably we should read cas with stem car- PE14:69 indeed reads “kas ‘head’, pl. kari”, and VT49:17 quotes the sg. “kas” from a post-LotR source. Compare other forms found in late sources: hlas “ear” with stem hlar- PE17:62 and olos “dream”, pl. olori UT:396. In Tolkien’s early “Qenya”, post-vocalic -s became -r at the end of words but was preserved when another vowel followed. His later scheme either lets -r appear in both positions, or reverses the scenario altogether hence olos, olor-. It would seem that the forms cár, cas- were distractedly carried over into the Etymologies from the Qenya Lexicon kar, kas-, QL:45 even though they presuppose an earlier version of the phonology. An apparent variant form in late material, cára from earlier cáza “k”, however fits the later phonology since intervocalic s would become z r PE17:188.

m (N pl łapserdaki) pot. 1. (obdartus) scruff GB pot., slummock GB pot.; slob 2. (łobuziak) (little) scamp, (little) imp 3. (nicpoń, gałgan) good-for-nothing