-
21 amarus
ămārus, a, um, adj. [cf. ômos; Sanscr. āmas = raw, amlas = sour; Germ. Ampfer = sorrel, Curtius; cf. Heb., mar = bitter], bitter (syn. acerbus).I.Lit., of tasto (opp. dulcis):B.absinthi latex,
Lucr. 1, 941; 4, [p. 101] 15:amara atque aspera,
id. 2, 404:sensusjudicat dulce, amarum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 12; so id. N. D. 3, 13:salices,
pungent, Verg. E. 1, 79: Doris amara, brackish, i. e. the sea, id. ib. 10, 5:os,
bitter taste in the mouth, Cels. 1, 3:calices amariores,
i. e. harsh wine, Cat. 27, 2:aquae amarissimae,
Vulg. Num. 5, 18.—Transf.1. 2. II.Trop.A.Calamitous, unpleasant, sad (mostly poet.):B.amara dies et nectis amarior umbra,
Tib. 2, 4, 11:casus,
Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 15; so,amara mors,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 15, 32:amores dulces aut amari,
Verg. E. 3, 110:amarissimae leges necessitatis,
Val. Max. 7, 6:amaritudo mea amarissima,
Vulg. Isa. 38, 17.— Subst. plur., bitterness, bitter things:et amara laeto Temperet risu,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 26:amara curarum,
id. ib. 4, 12, 19.—Of speech, bitter, biting, acrimonious, sarcastic, caustic, severe:C.dictis amaris,
Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 31; so,scriptis,
id. P. 4, 14, 37:hostis,
Verg. A. 10, 900:sales,
Quint. 10, 1, 117.—Of conduct, morose, ill - natured, sour, irritable: mulieres, * Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 88:a.amariorem me senectus facit,
Cic. Att. 14, 21.— Adv., bitterly, in three forms:ămārē, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 78; Sen. Ben. 5, 23; Vulg. Isa. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 75.— Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 1.— Sup., Suet. Tib. 54.—* b.ămā-rĭter, Hier. Ep. 23.—c.ămārum, App. M. 6, p. 178, 26; Amm. 21, 9 fin. -
22 austerus
austērus, a, um, adj. (auster, Scrib. Comp. 188; sup. austerrimus, Messala, Corv. Progen. Aug. 5), = austêros.I.A.. Lit, of taste, harsh, sour, tart (not before the Aug. per.;B.syn.: acer, acerbus, tristis, severus, molestus): vinum nigrum,
Cels. 3, 24:austerior gustus,
Col. 12, 12, 2:herba austero sapore,
Plin. 25, 5, 20, § 45:vinum austerissimum,
Scrib. Comp. 142.—Transf.* 1.Of smell, pungent:2.balsami sucus: odore austerus,
Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 120.—Of color, deep, dark:II.sunt autem colores austeri aut floridi,
Plin. 35, 6, 12, § 30.— Comp.:(pictor) austerior colore et in austeritate jucundior,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 134.—Trop.A.Severe, rigid, strict, stern, austere (opp. mol lis, facilis, lenis;B.scarcely before Cic.): illo austero more ac modo,
Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. de Or. 3, 25, 98:austerior et gravior esse potuisset,
id. Pis. 29, 71:Nec gravis austeri poena cavenda viri,
Prop. 4, 13, 24:homo austerus es,
Vulg. Luc. 19, 21; 19, 22.—Of discourse, severe, grave, serious:ita sit noLis ornatus et suavis orator, ut suavitatem habeat austeram et solidam, non dulcem atque decoctam (the epithet borrowed from wine),
that he may have a severe and solid, not a luscious and effeminate sweetness, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103:austera poëmata,
Hor. A. P. 342:oratio,
Quint. 9, 4, 128 Spald.—Of style in statuary:genus,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 66.—As the opp. of kind, pleasant, severe, gloomy, sad, troublesome, hard, irksome (so first after the beginning of the Aug. per.):2.labor,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 12:Quaelibet austeras de me ferat urna tabellas,
Prop. 5, 11, 49:aeger omnem austeram curationem recusans,
Plin. 24, 7, 28, § 43.— Adv.: -
23 B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
24 b
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
25 criminosus
crīmĭnōsus, a, um, adj. [crimen, I.], full of reproaches, reproachful, accusalory, calumniating, slanderous (class.):ne cum me nimium gratum illi esse dicant, id mihi criminosum esse possit,
Cic. Planc. 2, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 67, § 162; cf.:in hunc,
id. Sull. 13, 36:nomen,
id. Planc. 19, 46:orationes,
Liv. 8, 12, 14:iambi,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 2:criminosissimus liber,
Suet. Caes. 75; cf. Quint. 9, 2, 23:ille acerbus, criminosus, popularis homo ac turbulentus,
Cic. Clu. 34, 94.—Hence, subst.: crīmĭnōsus, i, m., a guilty man, Cassiod. Var. 3, 57.— Comp., Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.— Adv.: crī-mĭnōsē, reproach fully, slanderously, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 55; Sall. J. 64, 5; Liv. 38, 43, 7; 40, 9, 13; Tac. A. 16, 20.— Comp., Cic. Brut. 34, 131; Tac. H. 3, 38.— Sup., Suet. Tib. 53. -
26 fragro
frāgro (collat. form fraglo, Dracont. Carm. 10, 287), āvi, 1, v. n. [Sanscr. dhraj-, breathe, etc.; hence frāga; cf. flare, to blow], to emit a smell, to smell (of both good and bad odors), to emit fragrance, to reek ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in the part. pres.).I.Of a pleasant odor.(α).In the verb. finit.:(β).quod semper casiaque cinnamoque Fragras,
Mart. 6, 55, 3:fragravit ore, quod rosarium Paesti,
id. 5, 37, 9:et multa fragrat testa senibus auctumnis,
id. 3, 58, 7:gemma vinum fragrat,
Sol. 37 fin. —In the part. pres.:II.redolentque thymo fragrantia mella,
Verg. G. 4, 169; id. A 1, 436:cubile sertis ac Syrio olivo,
Cat. 6, 8:domus Assyrio odore,
id. 68, 144:adolescentulus unguento,
Suet. Vesp. 8:Venus balsama,
App. M. 6, p. 177, 30:amomum,
Sil. 15, 117.—Of an unpleasant smell:fragrat acerbus odor,
Val. Fl. 4, 493:ne gravis hesterno fragres, Fescennia, vino,
Mart. 1, 88, 1.—Hence, frāgrans, antis, P. a., sweet - scented, fragrant:fragrantissimum unguentum,
App. M. 10, p. 249, 4:fragrantissimus spiritus,
Mart. Cap. 1, § 85.— Adv.: frāgranter, fragrantly:crocum Ciliciae spirat fragrantius,
Sol. 38, § 6. -
27 fugo
fŭgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to cause to flee, to put to flight, drive or chase away, to rout, discomfit (rare but class.):qui homines inermes armis, viris, terrore repulerit, fugarit, averterit,
Cic. Caecin. 12, 33; cf.:fugatus, pulsus,
id. ib. 11, 31;23, 64: Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati,
id. Off. 3, 31, 112:hostes (with fundere),
Sall. J. 21, 2; 58, 3; Vell. 46 fin.; cf.:fugato omni equitatu,
Caes. B. G. 7, 68, 1:fugatis equitibus,
Sall. J. 101, 10:fugato duce altero,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 36, 1:Hannibalem Lares Romanā sede fugantes,
Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 11:indoctum doctumque fugat recitator acerbus,
Hor. A. P. 474:nisi me mea Musa fugasset,
had not sent me into exile, Ov. P. 3, 5, 21; cf.:longe fugati conspectu ex hominum,
Lucr. 3, 48:dum rediens fugat astra Phoebus,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 24:fugatis tenebris,
id. ib. 4, 4, 39:(flammas) a classe,
Ov. M. 13, 8:maculas ore,
id. Med. Fac. 78:fugat e templis oculos Bona diva virorum,
id. A. A. 3, 637: tela sonante fugat nervo, lets fly, discharges, Sil. 2, 91:saepe etiam audacem fugat hoc terretque poëtam, Quod, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 182; cf.:id quidem multos a proposito studendi fugat,
Quint. 2, 2, 7:fugat hoc (telum), facit illud amorem, etc.,
Ov. M. 1, 469 sq.:nostro de corde fugabitur ardor,
id. ib. 9, 502.— Trop.:Martia cui somnos classica pulsa fugent,
Tib. 1, 1, 4. -
28 peracerbus
pĕr-ăcerbus, a, um, adj., very harsh to the taste.I.Lit.:II.uva peracerba gustatu,
Cic. Sen. 15, 53.—Trop., very painful:mihi peracerbum fuit, quod, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 6. -
29 saevio
saevĭo, ii, ītum, 4 (old form of the imperf. saevibat, Lucr. 5, 1003; fut. saevibo, Mar. Vict. from Macr. 20, p. 443), v. n. [saevus], to be fierce or furious, to rage, to vent one's rage (very freq. since the Aug. per.; once in Cæs.; not in Cic.; but saevus and saevitia several times in Cic.).I.Lit., of animals:B.ubi equus saevit,
Lucr. 5, 1075:(lupus) rabieque fameque,
Ov. M. 11, 369:anguis,
Verg. G. 3, 434:panthera,
Phaedr. 3, 2, 14:leo,
Val. Fl. 6, 613 al.:aper in pecudes,
Ov. M. 8, 296:accipiter in omnes aves,
id. ib. 11, 345:canes in alios saevientes,
Gell. 7, 1, 6.—Esp., of the cries of enraged animals:II.hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum,... atque in praesepibus ursi Saevire,
Verg. A. 7, 17 Forbig. ad loc. (cf. Rib. ad loc., who conjectures mugire):agni balant, porcelli gruniunt, ursi saeviunt,
Spart. Get. 5.—Transf., of any strong, passionate excitement, to rage, rave; to be furious, mad, violent, angry, etc. (cf.: furo, bacchor).A.Of persons:B.here mi, nimium saevis,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 20; id. Truc. 5, 4; cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 4:ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:ne saevi, magna sacerdos,
Verg. A. 6, 544:si quid saeviunt senes,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 51:leniter qui saeviunt sapiunt magis,
who control their anger, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:saevire Fortuna ac miscere omnia coepit,
Sall. C. 10, 1:saeviens turba,
Liv. 8, 24:seditionibus saevire,
id. 2, 44:in delectibus saevire solitos,
id. 2, 44 Drak.:(paedagogi) imperiosi atque interim saevientes,
Quint. 1, 1, 8:saevire securibus,
Plin. Pan. 52, 4:saevit animis ignobile vulgus,
Verg. A. 1, 149:animis acerbis (with procedere longius iras),
id. ib. 5, 462:pater ardens Saevit, quod, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 49:saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus,
id. ib. 2, 2, 126:saevire in tergum et in cervices,
Liv. 3, 45:in obsides innoxios,
id. 28, 34:in delubra,
id. 31, 30:in se ipsum,
id. 1, 53:in conjuges ac liberos,
Tac. Agr. 38; id. A. 3, 31 fin.; Suet. Aug. 13; Ov. M. 4, 712 al.; cf.:flagellis in aliquem,
Juv. 10, 180; and:in se (corresp. to manus sibi inferre),
Dig. 29, 5, 1, § 22.— Poet., with dat.:qui mihi nunc saevit,
Ov. H. 4, 148; Tib. 1, 2, 88.— Poet., with inf. (cf. saevus, II. A.):cum manus impia saevit Sanguine Caesareo Romanum exstinguere nomen,
Ov. M. 1, 200.— Impers. pass.:clade saevitum est,
Suet. Ner. 38:constat Trojā captā in ceteros saevitum esse Trojanos,
Liv. 1, 1:in aliquid (aliquem),
id. 34, 14; 41, 6; Vell. 2, 74, 44; Tac. Agr. 2; id. A. 1, 49; 4, 20; id. H. 2, 62 al.—Of things:saevit minaci murmure ventus,
Lucr. 1, 276; cf.:frustra mare saepe coortum Saevibat,
id. 5, 1003:dum longus inter saeviat Ilion Romamque pontus,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 37:pelagus,
Tac. A. 15, 46:mare ventis,
Sall. J. 78, 3: ventus, * Caes. B. G. 3, 13 fin.; cf.Aufidus,
Hor. C. 4, 14, 27:medius dies solstitio,
Sen. Hippol. 766:venenum in praecordiis,
Hor. Epod. 3, 5:gula,
Juv. 5, 94; cf.venter (sc. fame),
App. M. 4, p. 145:arbor stridoribus,
Sil. 13, 600:cum tibi flagrans amor... Saeviet circa jecur ulcerosum,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 15:saevit amor ferri,
Verg. A. 7, 461; 4, 532:dolor in erepto amore,
Prop. 2, 8, 36 (8 b, 20):dolor in praecordiis,
Petr. 17, 8:ira in aliquem,
Ov. M. 14, 193:quo fortuna magis saevit,
id. P. 2, 3, 51:fames,
Val. Fl. 4, 499:morbus,
Gell. 12, 5, 4: acerbus odor. Val. Fl. 4, 493:acer hinnitus equorum,
Sil. 4, 97: oratio ferociens saeviensque (opp. demissa jacensque), Gell 1, 11, 15. -
30 semiacerbus
sēmĭ-ăcerbus, a, um, adj., halfsour, half-ripe:uvae,
Pall. Aug. 13. -
31 strideo
strīdeo, di, 2, and strīdo, di, 3 (both forms equally in use; v. in the foll.) [perh. root star, to resound; cf. Gr. trizô, torgos; also Lat. turdus, sterto, trisso], v. n., to make or utter any harsh, shrill, hissing, whistling, grating, or creaking sound; to creak, hiss, whizz, whistle, rattle, buzz (mostly poet.; cf.: strepo, fremo): ferri stridit acumen, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 838 P. (Ann. v. 364 Vahl.):striderat hasta,
id. ib. p. 817 P. (Ann. v. 365 Vahl.):candens ferrum e fornacibus Stridit,
Lucr. 6, 149; cf. Verg. A. 8, 450; Ov. M. 9, 171; 12, 279:striduntque cavernis Stricturae chalybum,
Verg. A. 8, 420:serpentum Cerberus ore Stridet,
Tib. 1, 3, 72; cf. Verg. A. 6, 288:striges,
Ov. F. 6, 140:gryllus,
Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 138:barbaraque horribili stridebat tibia cantu,
Cat. 64, 264:serrae stridentis acerbus Horror,
Lucr. 2, 410:foribus cardo aënis,
Verg. A. 1, 449:plaustra,
id. G. 3, 536:mare refluentibus undis,
id. ib. 4, 262:alae cygnorum,
id. A. 1, 397:sagitta,
id. ib. 12, 319; cf. id. ib. 5, 502:silvae,
id. ib. 2, 418:rudentes aquilone,
Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 19:aeger dentibus stridet,
Cels. 2, 6 med.:jecur in verubus,
Sen. Thyest. 770:funes,
Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 4.—With human subjects, of any loud or inharmonious sound: quidnam hoc soniti est, quod stridunt foris? Pac. ap. Non. 491, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 133 Rib.). cum striderat (Alcestis) retracta rursus inferis, Att. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 867 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 57 Rib.):Troglodytae stridunt magis quam loquuntur,
Mel. 1, 8:stridunt animae currumque sequuntur,
Stat. Th. 7, 770:pressoque diu stridere molari,
gnash, Juv. 5, 160. -
32 πικρός
II generally, sharp to the sense:1 of taste, pungent,ῥίζα Il.11.846
;ἅλμη Od.5.323
; δάκρυον (v.l. for πυκνόν) 4.153; of salt water, opp. γλυκύς, Hdt.4.52, cf. 7.35; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. Pl.Lg. 705a; πριγλία π. PCair.Zen.82.8 (iii B.C.);ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς A.Ag. 970
; ὑγρότης π., opp. ὀξεῖα, Meno Iatr.5.13; also of smell, pungent, Od.4.406;πικρὸν ὀδωδώς Alciphr. 3.59
. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.)2 of feeling, sharp, keen,ὠδῖνες Il.11.271
, S.Tr.41.3 of sound, piercing, shrill, (lyr.); ; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, E.Ph. 883, Tr. 1227 (lyr.);πικροτάτη ὄψ Ar. Pax 805
(lyr.).III metaph.,1 of things, bitter, esp. of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (v.l. ἴδηαι) Od.17.448, cf. Ar.Av. 1045, Th. 883 (lyr.), E.Med. 399, IA 955, Ba. 357, Cyc. 589;π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην S.Ph. 355
;τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά Pi.I.7(6).48
, cf. A.Ag. 745 (lyr.) ; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, Id.Pers. 473, S.Aj. 1239 ; δύαι, χεῖμα, A.Pr. 180 (lyr.), Ag. 198 (lyr.) ;πικρότερ' ἀχέων Id.Supp. 875
(lyr.); ;πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ Id.Hec. 772
; ;ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ Men.795
: c. inf.,μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ D.1.26
.2 so of persons, prob. in Sapph.Supp.4.1 ([comp] Comp.) ;γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. Sol.13.5
, cf. Thgn.301, A.Ch. 234, Eu. 152 (lyr.), etc. ;ἔς τινας Hdt.1.123
: abs., A.Pr. 739, Th940(lyr.); π. θεοῖς hateful to them, S.Ph. 254;π. πολίταις E.Med. 224
, cf. Supp. 1222 ; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, S.Aj. 966 ; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Lat. acerbus), IG3.1338.4 relentless, ; spiteful, mean, vindictive,βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν D.18.108
;π. καὶ συκοφάντης Id.25.45
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1368b21, EN 1126a19 : in Com. of old men,σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός Men.10
, cf. 825, 843, Georg.Fr.3. Adv. - ρῶς pedantically, D.H.Lys.6; with rigid accuracy, Apollon.Cit.3, Plu.2.659f.IV Adv. - ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, A.Pr. 197, S.OC 990 ;π. ἐξετάσαι D.2.27
, 18.265 ; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, Id.10.54, Ep.3.10 ; , cf. Andr. 190;ἔκλαυσε π. Ev.Matt.26.75
: [comp] Comp. , etc.: [comp] Sup.- ότατα Plb.1.72.3
. [[pron. full] ῑ in Hom. and [dialect] Ep.; [pron. full] ῐ freq. in Trag., as A.Pers. 473, Ag. 970, S.Aj. 500, E. Hec. 772, and in Theoc.8.74 : ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.] -
33 στριφνός
A firm, hard, solid, Hp.VM15 cod. M ( στρυφν- cett.);γυναῖκες -ότεραι Id.Mul.2.111
(codd. boni, v.l. στρυφν-), Nat.Mul. 1 (v.l. στριφρ-, στρυφν-) ; ὁ ἐγκέφαλος συνέστηκε καί ἐστι στριφνός (v.l. στιφρός, στρυφνός) Id.Morb.Sacr.10; δέρμα ς. Plu.2.642e codd.;ὀστέα στριφνότατα Hp.Carn.3
(v.l. στρυφν-) ; ἀλεκτρυὼν μάλα ς. Men. Epit. 168; οὐρὴ σ. τ' ἐκτάδιός τε, v.l. for στρυφνή in Opp.C.1.411: στριφνός is Hellenistic for [dialect] Att. στιφρός acc. to Moer. p.342 P., cf. Gloss. Oxy.1803.1: στριφνός = acerbus (leg. στρυφνός), Gloss.; also = rigidus and strigosus, ibid.;στριφνοὶ γέροντες Ar.Ach. 180
(as cited by Erot. s.v. στριφνούς ( στεριφνοί codd.); στιπτοί codd. Ar.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στριφνός
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34 גוהרקא II
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35 גּוּהַרְקָא
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36 זיהרא II
זִיהֲרָאII (זַהֲרָא Ar.) m. ( זהר, cmp. זהה a. זהם) ( a glittering substance, 1) gall (cmp. Syr. זהרא P. Sm. 1091, זהירא acerbus, ib. 1090); trnsf. anger, injured pride. Gitt.45b אימליא ז׳ she was filled with gall (anger). Ber.51b. 2) venom, a fatal substance discharged by animals of prey on attacking. Ab. Zar.30b זִיהֲרֵיה חליש Ms. M. (ed. זיהרא קליש) its (the serpents) poison grows weaker with old age. Ḥull.53a שדי זיהריה it discharges its venom. Ib. 52b ז׳ אית ליה … זיהריה it issues a fluid but its discharge does not burn. Nidd.55b נהי דז׳וכ׳ Ar. (ed. דזהי׳, corr. acc.) though the poison is removed from the body (through the secretion of the nose), the fluid itself (put in the eye) is not removed. -
37 זִיהֲרָא
זִיהֲרָאII (זַהֲרָא Ar.) m. ( זהר, cmp. זהה a. זהם) ( a glittering substance, 1) gall (cmp. Syr. זהרא P. Sm. 1091, זהירא acerbus, ib. 1090); trnsf. anger, injured pride. Gitt.45b אימליא ז׳ she was filled with gall (anger). Ber.51b. 2) venom, a fatal substance discharged by animals of prey on attacking. Ab. Zar.30b זִיהֲרֵיה חליש Ms. M. (ed. זיהרא קליש) its (the serpents) poison grows weaker with old age. Ḥull.53a שדי זיהריה it discharges its venom. Ib. 52b ז׳ אית ליה … זיהריה it issues a fluid but its discharge does not burn. Nidd.55b נהי דז׳וכ׳ Ar. (ed. דזהי׳, corr. acc.) though the poison is removed from the body (through the secretion of the nose), the fluid itself (put in the eye) is not removed.
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