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1 ἑκυρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `father of the husband, father-in-law',Derivatives: ἑκυρά, -ή `mother of the husband, mother-in-law' (Il.). Denomin. Boeot. ἑκουρεύω `be father-in-law' (Corinn.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1043] *sue̯ḱuro- `father-in-law'Etymology: Old relatives name, preserved in many languages: Skt. śváśura- (\< *svaś- assimil.), Av. xvasura-, Lat. socer, Germ., e. g. OHG swehur, Lith. šẽšuras (\< * seš assimil.), IE *su̯éḱuro-s m.; the original anlaut still to be seen in φίλε (Ϝh) ἑκυρέ Γ 172 (cf. Schwyzer 304, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 146); the oxytone accent musst be a Greek innovation (after ἑκυρά; cf. also πενθερός). - To ἑκυρά agrees Arm. skesur (\< IE *ḱu̯eḱurā with assimil. for *su̯eḱ-); the ā-stem for an older ū-stem, cf. Skt. śvaśrū́-, NPers. xusrū, Lat. socrus, Celt., e. g. Welsh chwegr, Germ., e. g. OHG swigar, OCS svekry, IE *su̯eḱrū́-s f. Another innovation is Goth. swaihro = ONord. svǣra ( ōn-stem), from where a new masculine, Goth. swaihra. Also in other languages the names for `mother-in-law' gave new names for the father-in-law, so clearly in Arm. skesr-ayr prop. `husband of the mother-in-law, Welsh chwegr-wn, NHG Schwiegervater to Schwieger(mutter); prob. also in OCS svekrъ. This explains the oxytonation in ἑκυρός. Apparently in the life of the extended family, esp. for the young wife (cf. Risch Mus. Helv. 1, 117), the mother-in-law had a more dominant roll than the father-in-law. One may therefor ask, whether IE *su̯éḱuros was not sec. against *su̯eḱrū́s; see Specht KZ 65, 193. - The word probably contains the reflexive *su̯e (cf. on ἀέλιοι); but the ending is dark. - W.-Hofmann s. socer, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. 2, 588. also Bq. - On ὑκερός, -ά with vowel metathesis (Lydia) s. Schulze KZ 52, 152 (= Kl. Schr. 58)Page in Frisk: 1,478-479Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑκυρός
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2 ξυρόν
Grammatical information: n. (- ός m.)Meaning: `razor' (K 173).Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. ξυρο-δόκη f. `razor-case' (Ar.); as 2. member with metr. conditioned enlargement in ὑπο-ξύριος (AP 6, 307; verse-end), prop. "what is under the ξ.", i.e. `on what a razor is wheted'. Also as backformation in ὑπό-ξυρος `a little (or below) shaved off', of the nose of an eagle etc. (Hp.), ἀπό-ξυρος `shaved off, steep', of a rock (Peripl. M. Rubr., Luc.), κατά-ξυρος adjunct of θυρίδες ('loop-holes'; Ph. Bel.), of ὑπο-, ἀπο-, κατα-ξυράω, - έω (s.b.).Derivatives: 1. Deminut.: ξύρ-ιον (hell.), - άφιον (Gal., Sch.). 2. ξυρίας m. `provided with a tonsure, clean-shaven man' (Poll., H.). 3. ξυρίς, - ίδος f. s.v. ξιρίς. 4. Denominative verbs: a. ξυρέω (Hdt., τrag. a. Att.), ξυράω, - άομαι (Hdt., Plu.), ξύρω. - ομαι, aor. ξῦραι, - ασθαι (Hp., hell.), also with prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ὑπο-, κατα-, `shave clean' with ξύρησις f. `shaving' (LXX), - ήσιμος `good for shaving' (Ael. Dion.), ξυρησμός m. `id.' (Hdn.), ξυρητής m. `barber' (pap.) ; b. ξυρίζω = - έω (Sch.) with ξύρισμα n. `shaving' (Tz.).Etymology: Old inherited word identical with Skt. kṣurá- m. `razor', IE *ksuró- (on the original meaning Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 61 w. lit.). Because of the limited spread of the word Specht KZ 66, 9ff. and Lexis 3, 70 wants to see in kṣurá- = ξυρόν a common LW [loanword] from an unknown south-eastern source. Wellargued objections by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 49 f., Fraenkel Glotta 32, 24 f. w. n. 3, Dehò Ist. Lomb. 91, 349 f. -- For further connections s. ξύω.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξυρόν
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3 ἀρήν
A ([place name] Gortyn)); also [full] ἄρης PGurob. 22.40,42 (iii B.C.), and [full] ἄρνον ib.3, al.; acc. ἄρνα, gen. ἀρνός, dat. ἀρνί, dual. ἄρνε: pl. ἄρνες, ἄρνας, ἀρνῶν, dat.ἀρνάσι J.AJ3.8.10
, [dialect] Ep. ἄρνεσσι: — lamb (under a year old, Max.515, Istrosap.Eust.1672.12);ἀ. πρωτογόνων Il.4.102
, etc.;γαλαθηνῶν Crates Com.1
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4 ἀρι-
Grammatical information: prefixMeaning: inseparable prefix `good, very' (Il.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Generally connected with ἄριστος (q.v.), which cannot be verified. - Not to Skt. ari- in Ved. ari-gūrtá-, ari-ṣtutá-. Can hardly be separated from its synonym ἐρι-, but this seems impossible if it is IE: the ἐ- requires a *h₁, but this makes ἀ- impossible. Fur. 348 thinks the element is Pre-Greek because of the ἐ- \/ ἀ-. Szemerényi, too, ( Gnomon 43, 1971, 667f.) thinks of an Anatolian element (Hitt.-Luv. ura-\/ uri- `great'). Willi HS 112, 1999, 86-100 convincingly disconnects the two and maintains the connection with ἄριστος; on ἐρι- s.v.Page in Frisk: 1,138Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρι-
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5 πρεσβῦτις
πρεσβῦτις, ιδος, ἡ (Aeschyl., Pla.+; perh. CIJ 400 [I B.C.–III A.D.], s. BBrooten, Inscriptional Evidence for Women as Leaders in the Ancient Synagogue: SBLSP 20, ’81, 4; B’s rendering: ‘Here lies Sara Ura, elder [or aged woman]’; Diod S 4, 51, 1; 4 Macc 16:14; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 33; Jos., Ant. 7, 142; 186) old(er) woman, elderly lady Tit 2:3; Hv 1, 2, 2 (γυνὴ πρ., as Aeschines 3, 157).—DELG s.v. πρέσβυς. M-M.
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