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1 estimate
1. ['ɛstɪmət] n( calculation) szacunkowe or przybliżone obliczenie nt, szacunek m; ( assessment) ocena f; ( of builder etc) kosztorys m2. ['ɛstɪmeɪt] vtto give sb an estimate of — przedstawiać (przedstawić perf) komuś kosztorys +gen
I estimate that … — według moich szacunków, …
* * *1. ['estimeit] verb1) (to judge size, amount, value etc, especially roughly or without measuring: He estimated that the journey would take two hours.) oszacować2) (to form an idea or judgement of how good etc something is: I estimated my chances of escape as very good.) oceniać2. [-mət] noun(a calculation (eg of the probable cost etc of something): He gave us an estimate of the cost of repairing the stonework; a rough estimate.) szacunkowe wyliczenie -
2 at (the) most
(taking the greatest estimate: There were fifty people in the audience at (the) most.) (co) najwyżej -
3 at (the) most
(taking the greatest estimate: There were fifty people in the audience at (the) most.) (co) najwyżej -
4 hit the nail on the head
(to be absolutely accurate (in one's description of something or someone, in an estimate of something etc).) trafić w sedno/dziesiątkę -
5 judge
[dʒʌdʒ] 1. n ( JUR) 2. vtcompetition, match sędziować; ( estimate) określać (określić perf), oceniać (ocenić perf); ( evaluate) oceniać; ( consider) uznawać (uznać perf) za +acc3. viwydawać (wydać perf) opinięjudging/to judge by his expression — sądząc z jego wyrazu twarzy
* * *1. verb1) (to hear and try (cases) in a court of law: Who will be judging this murder case?) sądzić2) (to decide which is the best in a competition etc: Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show?) sędziować3) (to consider and form an idea of; to estimate: You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth.) oceniać4) (to criticize for doing wrong: We have no right to judge him - we might have done the same thing ourselves.) osądzać2. noun1) (a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court: The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict.) sędzia2) (a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc: The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest.) sędzia3) (a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is: He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge.) znawca•- judgement- judgment
- judging from / to judge from
- pass judgement on
- pass judgement -
6 rate
[reɪt] 1. nat a rate of 60 kph — z szybkością 60 km/h
rate of taxation/interest — stopa podatkowa/procentowa
at this/that rate — w tym tempie ( fig) w ten sposób
- rates2. vtto rate sb/sth as — uważać kogoś/coś za +acc
to rate sb/sth among — zaliczać (zaliczyć perf) kogoś/coś do +gen
* * *[reit] 1. noun1) (the number of occasions within a given period of time when something happens or is done: a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory.) przeciętna (liczba)2) (the number or amount of something (in relation to something else); a ratio: There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam.) stosunek, współczynnik3) (the speed with which something happens or is done: He works at a tremendous rate; the rate of increase/expansion.) tempo4) (the level (of pay), cost etc (of or for something): What is the rate of pay for this job?) stawka5) ((usually in plural) a tax, especially, in United Kingdom, paid by house-owners etc to help with the running of their town etc.) podatek lokalny2. verb(to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value etc: I don't rate this book very highly; He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation.) oceniać, być zaliczonym- rating- at this
- at that rate
- rate of exchange -
7 rough
[rʌf] 1. adjsurface szorstki, chropowaty; terrain nierówny, wyboisty; person, manner grubiański, obcesowy; town, area niespokojny; treatment brutalny; conditions, journey ciężki; sea wzburzony; sketch, plan schematyczny; estimate przybliżony2. n (GOLF) 3. vtto rough it — żyć w prymitywnych warunkach, obywać się bez wygód
to play rough ( fig) — grać (zagrać perf) brutalnie
can you give me a rough idea of the cost? — czy może mi Pan/Pani podać orientacyjny koszt?
Phrasal Verbs:* * *1. adjective1) (not smooth: Her skin felt rough.) szorstki2) (uneven: a rough path.) wyboisty3) (harsh; unpleasant: a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died.) szorstki, ciężki4) (noisy and violent: rough behaviour.) grubiański5) (stormy: The sea was rough; rough weather.) burzliwy6) (not complete or exact; approximate: a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate.) przybliżony2. noun1) (a violent bully: a gang of roughs.) chuligan2) (uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course: I lost my ball in the rough.) dzika część pola golfowego•- roughly- roughness
- roughage
- roughen
- rough diamond
- rough-and-ready
- rough-and-tumble
- rough it
- rough out -
8 assess
[ə'sɛs]vtsituation, abilities, students oceniać (ocenić perf); tax naliczać (naliczyć perf), obliczać (obliczyć perf); damages, value szacować (oszacować perf)* * *[ə'ses]1) (to estimate or judge the quality or quantity of: Can you assess my chances of winning?) oceniać2) (to estimate in order to calculate tax due on: My income has been assessed wrongly.) wyliczyć, szacować, skalkulować•- assessor -
9 make
[meɪk] 1. pt, pp made, vtobject, mistake, remark robić (zrobić perf); clothes szyć (uszyć perf); cake piec (upiec perf); noise robić, narobić ( perf) +gen; speech wygłaszać (wygłosić perf); goods produkować (wyprodukować perf), wytwarzać; money zarabiać (zarobić perf); ( cause to be)2. nto make sb do sth — zmuszać (zmusić perf) kogoś do (z)robienia czegoś; ( equal)
marka fto make the bed — słać (posłać perf) łóżko
to make a fool of sb — ośmieszać (ośmieszyć perf) kogoś
to make a profit — osiągać (osiągnąć perf) zysk, zarabiać (zarobić perf)
to make a loss — business przynosić (przynieść perf) straty; company ponosić (ponieść perf) straty
he made it — ( arrived) dotarł na miejsce; ( arrived in time) zdążył; ( succeeded) udało mu się
3. vtto make good —
threat, promise spełniać (spełnić perf); damage naprawiać (naprawić perf); loss nadrabiać (nadrobić perf)he has made good — powiodło mu się, odniósł sukces
to make do with — zadowalać się (zadowolić się perf) +instr
Phrasal Verbs:- make for- make off- make out- make up* * *[meik] 1. past tense, past participle - made; verb1) (to create, form or produce: God made the Earth; She makes all her own clothes; He made it out of paper; to make a muddle/mess of the job; to make lunch/coffee; We made an arrangement/agreement/deal/bargain.) tworzyć, robić2) (to compel, force or cause (a person or thing to do something): They made her do it; He made me laugh.) zmusić, spowodować, skłonić do3) (to cause to be: I made it clear; You've made me very unhappy.) uczynić4) (to gain or earn: He makes $100 a week; to make a profit.) zarabiać, uzyskiwać5) ((of numbers etc) to add up to; to amount to: 2 and 2 make(s) 4.) być, wynosić6) (to become, turn into, or be: He'll make an excellent teacher.) być, stać się7) (to estimate as: I make the total 483.) oceniać jako8) (to appoint, or choose, as: He was made manager.) mianować, wybierać9) (used with many nouns to give a similar meaning to that of the verb from which the noun is formed: He made several attempts (= attempted several times); They made a left turn (= turned left); He made (= offered) a suggestion/proposal; Have you any comments to make?) uczynić, robić, wykonywać2. noun(a (usually manufacturer's) brand: What make is your new car?) marka- maker- making
- make-believe
- make-over
- makeshift
- make-up
- have the makings of
- in the making
- make a/one's bed
- make believe
- make do
- make for
- make it
- make it up
- make something of something
- make of something
- make something of
- make of
- make out
- make over
- make up
- make up for
- make up one's mind
- make up to -
10 some
[sʌm] 1. adj1) ( a certain amount of) trochę +gen; ( a certain number of) parę +gen nvir pl, paru +gen vir pl, kilka +gen nvir pl, kilku +gen vir plsome tea/water — trochę herbaty/wody
2) ( certain) ( in contrasts) niektóre +nvir pl, niektórzy +vir plsome people say that … — niektórzy (ludzie) mówią, że …
3) ( unspecified)2. pronhave you got any friends? — yes, I've got some — (czy) masz jakichś przyjaciół? — tak, mam paru or kilku
have you got any stamps? — yes, I've got some — (czy) masz jakieś znaczki? — tak, mam parę or kilka
2) ( a certain amount) trochę3. advhave we got any money? — yes, we've got some — (czy) mamy jakieś pieniądze? — tak, mamy trochę
* * *1. pronoun, adjective1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) kilka, trochę2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) trochę, niektórzy3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) jakiś4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) pewny, pewien2. adjective1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) nie lada2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) jakiś3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) jakieś, około3. adverb((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) nieco- somebody- someday
- somehow
- someone
- something
- sometime
- sometimes
- somewhat
- somewhere
- mean something
- or something
- something like
- something tells me -
11 say
[seɪ] 1. pt, pp said, vt 2. nto have a/some say in sth — mieć coś do powiedzenia w jakiejś sprawie, mieć na coś (pewien) wpływ
she said (that) I was to give you this — powiedziała, że mam ci to dać
it says on the sign "No Smoking" — na znaku napisane jest "Palenie wzbronione"
there is something/a lot to be said for this description — ten opis ma parę/wiele zalet
it goes without saying that … — to oczywiste, że …
say (that) you won a million pounds — powiedzmy, że wygrałeś milion funtów
* * *[sei] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - says; verb1) (to speak or utter: What did you say?; She said `Yes'.) mówić2) (to tell, state or declare: She said how she had enjoyed meeting me; She is said to be very beautiful.) powiedzieć3) (to repeat: The child says her prayers every night.) powtarzać4) (to guess or estimate: I can't say when he'll return.) zgadnąć, ocenić, powiedzieć2. noun(the right or opportunity to state one's opinion: I haven't had my say yet; We have no say in the decision.) wypowiedzenie się- saying- have
- I wouldn't say no to
- let's say
- say
- say the word
- that is to say -
12 survey
1. ['səːveɪ] n( examination) ( of land) pomiar m; ( of house) oględziny pl, ekspertyza f; ( comprehensive view) przegląd m2. [səː'veɪ] vtland dokonywać (dokonać perf) pomiarów +gen; house poddawać (poddać perf) ekspertyzie or oględzinom; scene, prospects etc oceniać (ocenić perf), przyglądać się (przyjrzeć się perf) +dat* * *1. [sə'vei] verb1) (to look at, or view, in a general way: He surveyed his neat garden with satisfaction.) lustrować, przeglądać2) (to examine carefully or in detail.) badać3) (to measure, and estimate the position, shape etc of (a piece of land etc): They have started to survey the piece of land that the new motorway will pass through.) robić pomiary4) (to make a formal or official inspection of (a house etc that is being offered for sale).) przeprowadzać inspekcję2. ['sə:vei] noun1) (a look or examination; a report: After a brief survey of the damage he telephoned the police; He has written a survey of crime in big cities.) przegląd, opis2) (a careful measurement of land etc.) pomiary•- surveyor -
13 figure
['fɪgə(r)] 1. n ( GEOM)figura f; ( number) liczba f, cyfra f; ( body) figura f; ( person) postać f; ( personality) postać f, figura f2. vt (esp US) 3. vifigurować, pojawiać się (pojawić się perf)that figures — to było do przewidzenia, można się (było) tego spodziewać
Phrasal Verbs:* * *['fiɡə, ]( American[) 'fiɡjər] 1. noun1) (the form or shape of a person: A mysterious figure came towards me; That girl has got a good figure.) postać, sylwetka2) (a (geometrical) shape: The page was covered with a series of triangles, squares and other geometrical figures.) figura3) (a symbol representing a number: a six-figure telephone number.) cyfra4) (a diagram or drawing to explain something: The parts of a flower are shown in figure 3.) rycina, rysunek2. verb1) (to appear (in a story etc): She figures largely in the story.) figurować, występować2) (to think, estimate or consider: I figured that you would arrive before half past eight.) liczyć•- figuratively
- figurehead
- figure of speech
- figure out -
14 gauge
[geɪdʒ] 1. n( instrument) przyrząd m pomiarowy; ( RAIL) szerokość m toru2. vtpetrol gauge, fuel gauge, (US) gas gauge — wskaźnik poziomu paliwa
* * *[ɡei‹] 1. verb1) (to measure (something) very accurately: They gauged the hours of sunshine.) wymierzyć2) (to estimate, judge: Can you gauge her willingness to help?) oszacować2. noun1) (an instrument for measuring amount, size, speed etc: a petrol gauge.) wskaźnik2) (a standard size (of wire, bullets etc): gauge wire.) wymiar, standard3) (the distance between the rails of a railway line.) rozstaw -
15 project
1. ['prɔdʒɛkt] n 2. [prə'dʒɛkt] vt( plan) projektować (zaprojektować perf); ( estimate) przewidywać (przewidzieć perf); film wyświetlać (wyświetlić perf)3. vi* * *1. ['pro‹ekt] noun1) (a plan or scheme: a building project.) plan2) (a piece of study or research: I am doing a project on Italian art.) program/problem badawczy, praca2. [prə'‹ekt] verb1) (to throw outwards, forwards or upwards: The missile was projected into space.) wyrzucić2) (to stick out: A sharp rock projected from the sea.) wystawać3) (to plan or propose.) planować, proponować4) (to make a picture or a film appear on a screen.) wyświetlać•- projection
- projector -
16 calculate
['kælkjuleɪt]vtcost, distance, sum obliczać (obliczyć perf); chances oceniać (ocenić perf); consequences przewidywać (przewidzieć perf)* * *['kælkjuleit](to count or estimate, using numbers: Calculate the number of days in a century.) obliczać- calculation
- calculator -
17 miscalculate
[mɪs'kælkjuleɪt] 1. vt 2. vi* * *[mis'kælkjuleit](to calculate or estimate wrongly: I miscalculated the bill.) źle obliczyć -
18 quotation
[kwəu'teɪʃən]n( from book etc) cytat m; ( estimate) wycena f; ( of shares) notowanie nt* * *1) (a person's exact words, as repeated by someone else: a quotation from Shakespeare.) cytat2) (a price mentioned (for a job etc).) podana cena3) (the act of quoting.) cytowanie -
19 quote
[kwəut] 1. n( from book etc) cytat m; ( estimate) wycena f- quotes2. vtquote … unquote — cytuję … koniec cytatu
* * *[kwəut]1) (to repeat the exact words of a person as they were said or written: to quote Shakespeare / Shakespeare's words / from Shakespeare, `Is this a dagger which I see before me?') (za)cytować2) (to name (a price).) podać (cenę)3) (to mention or state in support of an argument: to quote an example.) przytoczyć•- quotation marks
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