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121 Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso

(1869-1951)

   Career army officer, one of the founders of the Estado Novo (1926-74), and the longest-serving president of the republic of that regime (1926-51). Born in Lisbon in 1869, the son of a career cavalry officer, Oscar Carmona entered the army in 1888 and became a lieutenant in 1894, in the same cavalry regiment in which his father had served. He rose rapidly, and became a general during the turbulent First Republic, briefly served as minister of war in 1923, and achieved public notoriety as prosecutor for the military in one of the famous trials of military personnel in an abortive 1925 coup. General Carmona was one of the key supporters of the 28 May 1926 military coup that overthrew the unstable republic and established the initially unstable military dictatorship (1926-33), which was the political system that founded the Estado Novo (1933-74).

   Carmona took power as president upon the ousting of the Twenty-eighth of May coup leader, General Gomes da Costa, and guided the military dictatorship through political and economic uncertainty until the regime settled upon empowering Antônio de Oliveira Salazar with extraordinary fiscal authority as minister of finance (April 1928). Elected in a managed election based on limited male suffrage in 1928, President Carmona served as the Dictatorship's president of the republic until his death in office in 1951 at age 81. In political creed a moderate republican not a monarchist, General (and later Marshal) Carmona played an essential role in the Dictatorship, which involved a division of labor between Dr. Salazar, who, as prime minister since July 1932 was responsible for the daily management of the government, and Carmona, who was responsible for managing civil-military relations in the system, maintaining smooth relations with Dr. Salazar, and keeping the armed forces officer corps in line and out of political intervention.

   Carmona's amiable personality and reputation for personal honesty, correctness, and hard work combined well with a friendly relationship with the civilian dictator Salazar. Especially in the period 1928-44, in his more vigorous years in the position, Carmona's role was vital in both the political and ceremonial aspects of his job. Car-mona's ability to balance the relationship with Salazar and the pressures and demands from a sometimes unhappy army officer corps that, following the civilianization of the regime in the early 1930s, could threaten military intervention in politics and government, was central to the operation of the regime.

   After 1944, however, Carmona was less effective in this role. His tiring ceremonial visits around Portugal, to the Atlantic Islands, and to the overseas empire became less frequent; younger generations of officers grew alienated from the regime; and Carmona suffered from the mental and physical ailments of old age. In the meantime, Salazar assumed the lion's share of political power and authority, all the while placing his own appointees in office. This, along with the regime's political police (PVDE or PIDE), Republican National Guard, and civil service, as well as a circle of political institutions that monopolized public office, privilege, and decision making, made Carmona's role as mediator-intermediary between the career military and the largely civilian-managed system significantly less important. Increasingly feeble and less aware of events around him, Carmona died in office in April 1951 and was replaced by Salazar's chosen appointee, General (and later Marshal) Francisco Craveiro Lopes, who was elected president of the republic in a regime-managed election.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso
122 Delgado, General Humberto

(1906-1965)

   Pioneer air force advocate and pilot, senior officer who opposed the Estado Novo, and oppositionist candidate in the 1958 presidential elections. One of the young army lieutenants who participated in the 28 May 1926 coup that established the military dictatorship, Delgado was a loyal regime supporter during its early phase (1926-44) and into its middle phase (1944-58). An important advocate of civil aeronautics, as well as being a daring pilot in the army air force and assisting the Allies in the Azores in World War II, Delgado spent an important part of his career after 1943 outside Portugal.

   On missions abroad for the government and armed forces, Delgado came to oppose the dictatorship in the l950s. In 1958, he stood as the oppositionist candidate in the presidential elections, against regime candidate Admiral Américo Tomás. In the cities, Delgado received considerable popular support for his campaign, during which he and the coalition of varied political movements, including the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and Movement of Democratic Unity, were harassed by the regime police, PIDE. When the managed election results were "tallied," Delgado had won more than 25 percent, including heavy votes in the African colonies; this proved an embarrassment to the regime, which promptly altered electoral law so that universal male suffrage was replaced by a safer electoral college (1959).

   When legal means of opposition were closed to him, Delgado conspired with dissatisfied military officers who promised support but soon abandoned him. The government had him stripped of his job, rank, and career and, in 1959, fearing arrest by the PIDE, Delgado sought political asylum in the embassy of Brazil. Later he fled to South America and organized opposition to the regime, including liaisons and plotting with Henrique Galvão. Delgado traveled to Europe and North Africa to rally Portuguese oppositionists in exile and, in 1961-62, dabbled in coup plots. He had a role in the abortive coup at Beja, in January 1962. Brave to the extent of taking risks against hopeless odds, Delgado dreamed of instigating a popular uprising on his own.

   In 1965, along with his Brazilian secretary, Delgado kept an appointment with destiny on Portugal's Spanish frontier. Neither he nor his companion were seen alive again, and later their bodies were discovered in a shallow grave; investigations since have proved that they were murdered by PIDE agents in a botched kidnapping plot.

   When the true story of what happened to the "Brave General" was revealed in the world press, the opposition's resolve was strengthened and the Estado Novo's image reached a new low. Posthumously, General Delgado has been honored in numerous ways since the Revolution of 25 April 1974.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Delgado, General Humberto
123 man

man [mæn]

homme ⇒ 1 (a)-(i), 1 (o) valet ⇒ 1 (k) ouvrier ⇒ 1 (l) soldat ⇒ 1 (m) matelot ⇒ 1 (m) joueur ⇒ 1 (n) pièce ⇒ 1 (q) armer ⇒ 2 (a) s'occuper de ⇒ 2 (b) assurer le service de ⇒ 2 (b)

(pl men [men], pt & pp manned, cont manning)

1 noun

(a) (adult male) homme m;

∎ a young man un jeune homme;

∎ an old man un vieillard;

∎ a blind man un aveugle;

∎ he seems a nice man il a l'air gentil;

∎ he's lived here, man and boy, for forty years c'est ici qu'il a grandi et vécu pendant quarante ans;

∎ there's a new man in her life il y a un nouvel homme dans sa vie;

∎ I'm just a man je ne suis qu'un homme comme les autres;

∎ one move and you're a dead man! un (seul) geste et tu es un homme mort!;

∎ he's a man's man il aime bien être avec ses copains;

∎ he's a man of the world c'est un homme d'expérience;

∎ the man in the moon le visage de la lune;

∎ men's clothes/trousers vêtements mpl/pantalon m pour homme;

∎ men's department (in shop) rayon m hommes

(b) (type) homme m;

∎ he's not a betting/drinking man ce n'est pas un homme qui parie/boit;

∎ he was never a man for taking risks il n'a jamais été homme à ou ce n'est pas le genre d'homme à prendre des risques;

∎ he's not a man to make a mistake like that il ne ferait pas une telle erreur

(c) (appropriate person) homme m;

∎ he's the man for the job c'est l'homme qu'il faut pour faire ce travail;

∎ I'm your man je suis votre homme;

∎ he's not the man for that kind of work il n'est pas fait pour ce genre de travail

(d) (professional)

∎ a medical man un médecin;

∎ a man of God un homme d'église;

∎ a man of learning un savant;

∎ a man of letters un homme de lettres

(e) (with manly qualities) homme m;

∎ to act like a man se comporter en homme;

∎ he took the news like a man il a pris la nouvelle avec courage;

∎ he's not man enough to own up il n'aura pas le courage d'avouer;

∎ the army will make a man of him! l'armée en fera un homme!;

∎ a holiday will make a new man of me des vacances me feront le plus grand bien;

∎ figurative this will separate or sort the men from the boys c'est là qu'on verra les vrais hommes

(f) (person, individual) homme m, individu m;

∎ what more can a man do? qu'est-ce qu'on peut faire de plus?;

∎ any man would have reacted in the same way n'importe qui aurait réagi de la même façon;

∎ all men are born equal tous les hommes naissent égaux;

∎ the man must be mad! il doit être fou!;

∎ I've never met the man je n'ai jamais rencontré l'individu en question;

∎ to be one's own man être indépendant ou son propre maître;

∎ to the last man (without exception) sans exception; (until defeat) jusqu'au dernier;

∎ it's every man for himself c'est chacun pour soi;

∎ the man in the street l'homme m de la rue;

∎ proverb one man's meat is another man's poison le malheur des uns fait le bonheur des autres;

∎ British familiar every man jack of them chacun d'eux sans exception^□

(g) (as husband, father) homme m;

∎ man and wife mari m et femme f;

∎ to live as man and wife vivre maritalement ou en concubinage;

∎ he's a real family man c'est un vrai père de famille;

∎ the man of the house l'homme m de la maison; humorous le pater familias;

∎ familiar my old man (husband) mon homme; (father) mon vieux

(h) British familiar (boyfriend, lover) homme m, mec m;

∎ she's got a new man elle a un nouveau mec;

∎ have you met her young man? (boyfriend) avez-vous rencontré son petit ami?; (fiancé) avez-vous rencontré son fiancé?

(i) (inhabitant, native)

∎ I'm a Dublin man je suis de Dublin;

∎ he's a local man c'est un homme du pays

(j) (student)

∎ he's a Harvard man (at present) il fait ses études à Harvard; (in the past) il a fait ses études à Harvard

(k) (servant) valet m, domestique m

(l) (employee → in industry, on farm) ouvrier m; (→ in business, shop) employé m;

∎ the men have gone on strike les hommes se sont mis en grève;

∎ a TV repair man un réparateur télé;

∎ I'll need to get a man in to fix it il faut que je fasse venir un réparateur;

∎ we'll send a man round to look at it nous vous envoyons quelqu'un pour voir;

∎ our man in Paris (representative) notre représentant m à Paris; (journalist) notre correspondant m à Paris; (diplomat) notre envoyé m diplomatique à Paris; (spy) notre agent m à Paris

(m) (in armed forces → soldier) soldat m, homme m (de troupe); (→ sailor) matelot m, homme m (d'équipage);

∎ officers and men (in army) officiers mpl et hommes mpl de troupe; (in navy) officiers mpl et matelots mpl

(n) (player) joueur m, équipier m;

∎ a three-man team une équipe de trois joueurs;

∎ the man of the match le héros du match

(o) (mankind) homme m;

∎ primitive/modern man l'homme m primitif/moderne;

∎ one of the most deadly poisons known to man un des plus dangereux poisons connus de l'homme;

∎ proverb man cannot live by bread alone l'homme ne vit pas que de pain

(p) familiar (as term of address)

∎ come on, man! allez, viens!;

∎ hey, man! (as greeting) salut vieux!;

∎ what can I do for you, young man? que puis-je faire pour vous, jeune homme?;

∎ old-fashioned my good man mon cher monsieur m;

∎ good man! c'est bien!;

∎ old-fashioned how are you, old man? comment tu vas, mon vieux?

(q) (in chess) pièce f; (in draughts) pion m

(r) familiar black American slang (drug dealer) dealer m;

∎ the Man (whites) les Blancs mpl; (police) les flics mpl

2 transitive verb

(a) Military (ship) armer, équiper; (pumps) armer; (cannon) servir;

∎ to man the barricades défendre les barricades;

∎ the tanker was manned by Greek seamen le pétrolier avait un équipage grec;

∎ man the pumps! armez les pompes!;

∎ man the lifeboats! mettez les canots à la mer!;

∎ manned space flight vol m spatial habité;

∎ the sentries manned the battlements il y avait des sentinelles sur les remparts;

∎ the plane is manned by a pilot and a navigator l'équipage de l'avion consiste en un pilote et un navigateur;

∎ the fort was manned by twenty soldiers le fort était tenu par une garnison de vingt soldats

(b) (staff → machine) faire tourner, s'occuper de; (→ switchboard) assurer le service ou la permanence de;

∎ who's manning the telephone? qui assure la permanence téléphonique?;

∎ reception wasn't manned at the time personne n'assurait ou n'était à la réception à ce moment-là;

∎ someone has to be there to man the phone quelqu'un doit être là pour répondre au téléphone;

∎ the campaign office was manned by volunteers la permanence de la campagne était assurée par des volontaires;

∎ the office is manned by a skeleton staff le bureau tourne à effectif réduit;

∎ to man a nightshift composer une équipe de nuit

3 exclamation

familiar la vache!;

∎ man, was it big! bon sang, qu'est-ce que c'était grand!;

∎ you should have seen it, man! bon sang, tu aurais dû voir ça!

4 as one man adverb

comme un seul homme;

∎ they replied as one man ils répondirent d'une seule voix

5 to a man adverb

sans exception;

∎ they agreed to a man ils ont accepté à l'unanimité;

∎ they were patriots/communists to a man ils étaient tous patriotes/communistes

►► Literature Man Friday Vendredi;

man Friday (servant) fidèle serviteur m; (office worker) = employé de bureau affecté à des tâches diverses;

British man management gestion f des ressources humaines

✾ Play ✾ Film 'A Man for all Seasons' Bolt, Zinnemann 'Un Homme pour l'éternité'

✾ Film 'The Man who knew too much' Hitchcock 'L'Homme qui en savait trop'

✾ Book ✾ Film 'The Man who would be King' Kipling, Huston 'L'Homme qui voulut être roi'

✾ Film 'The Man in the White Suit' MacKendrick 'L'Homme au complet blanc'

✾ Play 'Man and Superman' Shaw 'L'Homme et le surhomme'

✾ Book 'A Man in Full' Wolfe 'Un homme, un vrai'

ⓘ A man's gotta do what a man's gotta do Il s'agit d'une phrase que l'on associe généralement aux vieux westerns dans lesquels les héros expriment leur détermination à agir en hommes, en dépit du danger. Cette formule ("un homme, un vrai, ne recule pas devant l'obstacle") s'utilise aujourd'hui de façon allusive et sur le mode ironique lorsque quelqu'un doit exécuter une tâche simple (l'équivalent français est "quand il faut y aller, il faut y aller").

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > man
124 the last thing about smth.

или the latest thing about ( или in) smth.

(тж. the last word in smth.)

пocлeднee cлoвo в чём-л., нoвинкa

Bowman knows every last thing about chickens (J. Galsworthy). This is the latest thing in hats. The others were there because - well, because she was Fleur, and had the latest things about her. When, very soon, they were no longer the latest things, she would drop them (J. Galsworthy). Chief officers thought they were buying the last word in technology (Police)

Concise English-Russian phrasebook > the last thing about smth.
125 a poor relation

бeдный poдcтвeнник

People who are students at Oxford or Cambridge universities usually regard their fellow students at other universities as poor relations. From being the 'poor relations' of the officers of the State and county Forces in many areas throughout the country, the FBI [ФБP] agents are now... where they rightly belong towards the top of salary incentive for law enforcement agencies (Police). Short stories have for too long been the poor relations of literature

Concise English-Russian phrasebook > a poor relation

Страницы

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