Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

Со всех языков на:
Все языки
Со всех языков на:
Все языки
Английский
Испанский
Русский
Французский

(perceive+with+sense+of+hearing)

Толкование Перевод

1 sense

1. n чувство

the five senses — пять чувств

sense of hearing — слух

sixth sense — шестое чувство, интуиция

inner sense — внутренний голос; внутреннее ощущение

a saving sense of humour — спасительное чувство юмора

mechanical sense organ — орган механического чувства

chemical sense organ — орган химического чувства

a sense of fullness — чувство сытости, насыщение

sense of coordination — чувство координации

2. n ощущение, восприятие

a sense of pain — ощущение боли

a sense of time — чувство времени

a sense of locality — чувство пространства

a high sense of duty — высокое чувство долга

aesthetic sense — эстетический вкус

a sense of colour — понимание колорита, умение подбирать цвета

a keen sense of humour — тонкое чувство юмора

to have no sense of proportion — быть лишённым чувства меры

gustatory sense — вкусовое ощущение

sense of sight — зрительное ощущение

sense of touch — контактное восприятие

sense perception — чувствительное восприятие

3. n сознание, рассудок

are you in your right senses? — ты что — рехнулся?

sense of high responsibility to peoples — сознание высокой ответственности перед народами

4. n разум

sense comes with age — разум приходит с годами

5. n здравый смысл

a man of sense — разумный человек

to show good sense — проявить здравый смысл

to talk sense — говорить разумно

there is no sense in doing this — нет смысла делать это

in the best sense of the term — в лучшем смысле этого слова

to the detriment of common sense — в ущерб здравому смыслу

in the bad sense of the word — в плохом смысле этого слова

to obey common sense — руководствоваться здравым смыслом

in the proper sense of the word — в прямом смысле слова

6. n значение, важность

to make sense — иметь смысл, быть нужным

archaic sense — устаревшее значение

7. n общее настроение, дух

to take the sense of the meeting — определить настроение собрания ; поставить вопрос на голосование

8. n спец. направление

sense of rotation — направление вращения

rotating sense — направление вращения

sense of rotation — направление вращения

variation in the sense — изменение направления

sense indicator — индикатор направления на радиостанцию

sense aerial — антенна для определения истинного направления

9. v чувствовать, осознавать

to sense danger — чуять опасность

sense danger — чувствовать опасность

to know by the sixth sense — интуитивно чувствовать

10. v понимать, отдавать себе отчёт

she fully sensed the danger of her position — она целиком отдавала себе отчёт в опасности своего положения

Синонимический ряд:

1. common sense (noun) common sense; good sense; gumption; horse sense; judgement; judgment; wisdom

2. feeling (noun) estimation; faculty; feeling; function; idea; impression; notion; opinion; sensation; sensibility; sensitivity; sentiment; thought

3. meaning (noun) acceptation; connotation; denotation; import; intendment; intent; meaning; message; purport; significance; significancy; signification; sum and substance; value

4. mind (noun) lucidity; mind; saneness; sanity; senses; soundness

5. reason (noun) brain; brainpower; brains; cleverness; intellect; intelligence; knowledge; logic; mentality; mother wit; rationale; rationality; reason; reasoning; wit

6. substance (noun) amount; body; burden; core; crux; gist; kernel; matter; meat; nub; nubbin; pith; short; strength; substance; sum total; thrust; upshot

7. understanding (noun) awareness; discernment; discretion; insight; perception; realization; reasonableness; recognition; understanding

8. feel (verb) believe; consider; credit; deem; feel; hold; intuit; think

9. recognise (verb) apperceive; appreciate; detect; discern; perceive; recognise; recognize

English-Russian base dictionary > sense
2 hear

hear [hɪə(r)]

entendre ⇒ 1 (a), 2 (a) écouter ⇒ 1 (b) apprendre ⇒ 1 (d) être au courant ⇒ 2 (b)

(pt & pp heard [hɜ:d])

1 transitive verb

(a) (perceive with sense of hearing) entendre;

∎ can you hear me? est-ce que vous m'entendez?;

∎ we can't hear you nous ne vous entendons pas, nous n'entendons pas ce que vous dites;

∎ he could hear someone crying il entendait (quelqu'un) pleurer;

∎ I can hear someone at the door j'entends sonner à la porte;

∎ a shout was heard un cri se fit entendre;

∎ formal he was heard to observe or remark that he was against censorship on l'a entendu dire qu'il était opposé à la censure;

∎ I've heard it said that... j'ai entendu dire que...;

∎ I've heard tell that they're engaged j'ai entendu dire qu'ils étaient fiancés;

∎ I've heard tell of such things j'ai entendu parler de choses de ce genre;

∎ I couldn't make myself heard above the noise je n'arrivais pas à me faire entendre dans le bruit;

∎ to hear my sister talk you'd think we were poor à entendre ma sœur, vous pourriez croire que nous sommes pauvres;

∎ he went on and on about it - I can just hear him! il n'a pas arrêté d'en parler - c'est comme si j'y étais! ou pas la peine de me faire un dessin!;

∎ don't believe everything you hear n'écoutez pas tous les bruits qui courent, ne croyez pas tout ce qu'on raconte;

∎ you're hearing things tu t'imagines des choses;

∎ I can hardly hear myself think je n'arrive pas à me concentrer (tant il y a de bruit);

∎ ironic he hears what he wants to hear il n'entend que ce qu'il veut;

∎ let's hear it for the Johnson sisters! un grand bravo pour les sœurs Johnson!, et on applaudit bien fort les sœurs Johnson!

(b) (listen to → music, person) écouter; (→ concert, lecture, mass) assister à, écouter;

∎ be quiet, d'you hear! taisez-vous, vous entendez!;

∎ let's hear what you think dites voir ou un peu ce que vous pensez;

∎ so let's hear it! allez, dis ce que tu as à dire!;

∎ I've never heard such nonsense! qu'est-ce qu'il ne faut pas entendre!;

∎ I heard her rehearse her lines je l'ai fait répéter ou réciter son rôle;

∎ the Lord heard our prayers le Seigneur a écouté ou exaucé nos prières

(c) (of authority, official)

∎ the priest hears confession on Saturdays le prêtre confesse le samedi;

∎ Law the court will hear the first witness today la cour entendra le premier témoin aujourd'hui;

∎ the case will be heard in March l'affaire se plaidera au mois de mars

(d) (understand, be told) entendre, apprendre;

∎ I hear you're leaving j'ai appris ou j'ai entendu (dire) que tu partais;

∎ I hear you've lived in Thailand il paraît que tu as vécu en Thaïlande;

∎ have you heard the latest? connaissez-vous la dernière?;

∎ have you heard anything more about the accident? avez-vous eu d'autres nouvelles de l'accident?;

∎ for six months we heard nothing (received no news) pendant six mois nous n'avons pas eu de nouvelles;

∎ she was very famous for a while then we heard no more about her elle a été célèbre pendant un moment puis on n'a plus entendu parler d'elle;

∎ let me hear how you get on donnez-moi de vos nouvelles;

∎ from what I hear à ce qu'on dit;

∎ have you heard the one about the Scotsman and the Irishman? connaissez-vous l'histoire de l'Écossais et de l'Irlandais?;

∎ I've heard that one before! on ne me la fait plus!;

∎ she's heard it all before elle connaît la musique;

∎ I've heard good things about that school j'ai eu des échos favorables de cette école;

∎ you haven't heard the last of this! (gen) vous n'avez pas fini d'en entendre parler!; (threat) vous aurez de mes nouvelles!;

∎ familiar I hear you, I hear what you're saying je comprends^□, j'ai compris^□ ;

∎ familiar you heard! tu m'as bien compris!

2 intransitive verb

(a) (able to perceive sound) entendre;

∎ she doesn't hear very well elle n'entend pas très bien, elle est un peu dure d'oreille

(b) (be aware) être au courant;

∎ haven't you heard? he's dead vous n'êtes pas au courant? il est mort

(c) (idiom)

∎ hear, hear! bravo!, tout à fait d'accord!

➲ hear about inseparable transitive verb

(a) (learn) entendre;

∎ have you heard about the accident? êtes-vous au courant pour ou de l'accident?;

∎ yes, I heard about that oui, je suis au courant;

∎ have you heard about the time she met Churchill? connaissez-vous l'histoire de sa rencontre avec Churchill?;

∎ I've heard so much about you j'ai tellement entendu parler de vous

(b) (have news of) avoir ou recevoir des nouvelles de;

∎ I hear about her through her sister j'ai de ses nouvelles par sa sœur

➲ hear from inseparable transitive verb

(a) (receive news of) avoir ou recevoir des nouvelles de;

∎ they'd be delighted to hear from you ils seraient ravis d'avoir de tes nouvelles;

∎ he never heard from her again il n'a plus jamais eu de ses nouvelles;

∎ you'll be hearing from me (gen) je vous donnerai de mes nouvelles; (threat) vous allez avoir de mes nouvelles, vous allez entendre parler de moi;

∎ you'll be hearing from my lawyer! mon avocat vous contactera!, on en reparlera devant les tribunaux!;

∎ (I am) looking forward to hearing from you (in letter) dans l'attente de vous lire

(b) (listen to) écouter;

∎ we hear first from one of the survivors nous allons d'abord écouter ou entendre l'un des survivants

➲ hear of inseparable transitive verb

(a) (know of) entendre parler de, connaître;

∎ I've never heard of her je ne la connais pas

(b) (receive news of) entendre parler de;

∎ the whole town had heard of his success la ville entière était au courant de son succès ou sa réussite;

∎ the director was never heard of again on n'a plus jamais entendu parler du directeur;

∎ the missing boy was never heard of again on n'a jamais retrouvé la trace du garçon qui avait disparu;

∎ have you ever heard of such a thing? avez-vous déjà entendu parler d'une chose pareille?;

∎ this is the first I have heard of it c'est la première fois que j'en entends parler;

∎ whoever heard of eating pizza for breakfast! quelle (drôle d') idée de manger de la pizza au petit déjeuner!;

∎ we hear of nothing these days but rocketing interest rates! ces temps-ci, on nous rebat les oreilles avec la montée en flèche ou la croissance folle des taux d'intérêt!

(c) (usu neg) (accept, allow) her father won't hear of it son père ne veut pas en entendre parler ou ne veut rien savoir;

∎ I won't hear of you walking home je ne veux absolument pas que tu rentres à pied;

∎ may I pay for dinner? - I wouldn't hear of it! puis-je payer ou vous offrir le dîner? - (il n'en est) pas question!

➲ hear out separable transitive verb

écouter jusqu'au bout;

∎ at least hear me out before you refuse my offer au moins écoutez-moi jusqu'au bout avant de refuser ma proposition

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > hear
3 audio

audĭo, īvi or ii, itum, 4, v. a. ( imperf. audibat, Ov F. 3, 507: audibant. Cat. 84, 8; fut. audibo, Enn. ap. Non. p. 506, 1:
audibis,
id. ib.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 86; id. Poen. 1, 2, 97; Caecil. ap. Gell. 7, 17 fin.; id. ap. Non. l. l.; cf. Struve, p. 137 sq.: audin = audisne, as ain = aisne; inf. perf. audīsse better than audivisse, acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 17) (cf. the Lacon. aus = hous; auris; Lith. ausis; Goth. auso; Germ. Ohr, and Engl ears [p. 202] the Fr. ouïr, and Lat. ausculto; Curtius also compares the Gr. aïô, to hear, perceive, and the Sanscr. av, to notice, to favor; v. ausculto, 1. aveo init., and cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 83 Müll.], to hear, to perceive or understand by hearing, to learn (audio pr. differs from ausculto as the Gr. akouô from akroaomai, the Germ. hören from horchen, and the Engl. to hear from to listen, the former of these words denoting an involuntary, the latter a voluntary act; other syn.: exaudio, sentio, cognosco, oboedio, dicor).
I.
A.. In gen.
a.
Aliquid:
auribus si parum audies terito cum vino brassicam, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 157 fin.:
ubi molarum strepitum audibis maximum, Enn. ap. Non. l. l. (Com. v. 7 Vahl. p. 153): verba,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 97; Vulg. Gen. 24, 30:
quae vera audivi, taceo,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 23:
Mane, non dum audīsti, Demea, Quod est gravissumum,
id. Ad. 3, 4, 21:
vocem,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 2:
vera an falsa,
id. And. 5, 4, 19:
mixtos vagitibus aegris Ploratus,
Lucr. 2, 579:
voces,
Verg. A. 4, 439; Hor. C. 3, 7, 22; Vulg. Gen. 3, 8; ib. Matt. 2, 18:
strepitus,
Verg. A. 9, 394:
sonitum,
Hor. C. 2, 1, 31:
haec,
id. ib. 3, 27, 51:
aquas,
Ov. Am. 3, 11, 30:
gemitus,
id. M. 7, 839; Vulg. Exod. 2, 24: ait se omnia audivisse, Titinn. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:
ut quod te audīsse dicis numquam audieris,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285:
Nihil enim habeo praeter auditum,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33:
quod quisque eorum de quāque re audierit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 5:
Hac auditā pugnā maxima pars sese Crasso dedidit,
id. ib. 3, 27:
Auditis hostium copiis respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,
Liv. 42, 52, 10:
quod cum audīsset Abram,
Vulg. Gen. 14, 14:
auditis sermonibus,
ib. 4 Reg. 22, 19; ib. Heb. 4, 3: clangorem tubae, ib:
Isa. 18, 3: symphoniam,
ib. Luc. 15, 25:
animal,
ib. Apoc. 6, 3; 6, 5 al. persaep.
b.
Constr., the person from whom one hears or learns any thing, with ex (so most freq.), ab, de, acc. and part., acc. and inf., cum or dum.
(α).
With ex:
verbum ex aliquo,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; so id. And. 2, 1, 2; 5, 4, 24; id. Eun. 1, 2, 34; id. Hec. 4, 1, 35; id. And. 3, 3, 2:
audivi ex majoribus natu hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasicā,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:
hoc ex aliis,
id. Att. 5, 17:
ex obviis,
Liv. 28, 26; so Suet. Caes. 29; id. Dom. 12 al.. saepe audivi ex majoribus natu mirari solitum C. Fabricium etc., Cic. Sen. 13, 43; so Suet. Claud. 15.—
(β).
With ab:
a quibus cum audi/sset non multum superesse munitionis,
Nep. Them. 7, 2.—
(γ).
With de:
equidem saepe hoc audivi de patre et de socero meo,
i. e. from his mouth, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133; so id. Off. 3, 19, 77; id. Brut. 26, 100.—
(δ).
With acc. and part. pres. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §
636): ut neque eum querentem quisquam audierit neque etc.,
Nep. Timol. 4, 1; so Suet. Calig. 22; Cat. 9, 6; 61, 125; 67, 41 al.—
(ε).
With acc. and inf.:
mihi non credo, quom illaec autumare illum audio,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 260:
Audin (eum) lapidem quaeritare?
id. Capt. 3, 4, 70:
erilem filium ejus duxisse audio Uxorem,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 5; 2, 1, 59:
saepe hoc majores natu dicere audivi,
Cic. Mur. 28:
Gellius audierat patruom objurgare solere,
Cat. 74, 1; Verg. A. 1, 20; 4, 562:
audiet cives acuisse ferrum, Audiet pugnas juventus,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 21 sq.:
audire videor pios Errare per lucos,
id. ib. 3, 4, 5. —Hence also pass. with nom. and inf. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §
607): Bibulus nondum audiebatur esse in Syriā,
was said, Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Caes. B. G. 7, 79.—
(ζ).
With cum or dum (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §
749): id quidem saepe ex eo audivi, cum diceret sibi certum esse,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:
quis umquam audivit, cum ego de me nisi coactus ac necessario dicerem?
id. Dom. 35; so id. Brut. 56; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. de Or. 1, 28, 129; 1, 2, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5:
auditus est certe, dum ex eo quaerit,
Suet. Dom. 4. —Diff. from the preced. constr. with de is audire de aliquo (aliquid); more freq. in pass. sense, to hear any thing concerning any one:
de psaltriā hac audivit,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 5:
illos etiam convenire aveo, de quibus audivi et legi,
Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Att. 7, 20; id. Ac. 2, 2, 4; cf.:
aliquid in aliquem,
to hear something against, something bad of any one, id. de Or. 2, 70, 285 al. —
B.
In conversation.
(α).
Audi, as a call to gain attention, hear, attend, give ear, listen, = hoc age:
audi cetera,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 127:
audi heus tu,
id. ib. 4, 3, 52:
Dorio, audi, obsecro,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 1: Hoc audi, id. And. 3, 4, 11;
4, 1, 36: Quin tu audi,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 42:
quin tu hoc audi,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 9.—
(β).
Audis or audin = audisne? do you hear? atque audin? Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 70:
Equidem deciens dixi: Et domi [nunc] sum ego, inquam, ecquid audis?
id. Am. 2, 1, 27; id. Trin. 3, 2, 91:
Heus, audin quid ait? Quin fugis?
id. Capt. 3, 4, 60:
cura adversandum atque audin? quadrupedem constringito,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 24; 1, 5, 64:
Audin tu? Hic furti se adligat,
id. Eun. 4, 7, 39:
Audin quid dicam?
id. Hec. 1, 2, 3.—
c.
Audito, with a clause for its subject, as abl. absol. in the histt., upon the receipt of the news that, at the tidings that: audito, Q. Marcium in Ciliciam tendere, when news came that Q. Marcius etc., Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 1130 P.:
audito Machanidam famā adventūs sui territum refugisse Lacedaemonem,
Liv. 28, 7:
audito venisse missu Agrippinae nuntium Agerinum,
Tac. A. 14, 7.—
II.
Esp.,
A.
1.. In a pregnant signif., to listen to a person or thing, to give ear to, hearken to, attend:
etsi a vobis sic audior, ut numquam benignius neque attentius quemquam auditum putem,
Cic. Clu. 23, 63; so id. de Or. 1, 61, 259:
sed non eis animis audiebantur, qui doceri possent,
Liv. 42, 48; 1, 32; 5, 6:
ut legationes audiret cubans,
Suet. Vesp. 24; id. Caes. 32; id. Ner. 22; 23; Vulg. Job. 11, 2; ib. Psa. 33, 12; ib. Matt. 10, 14; ib. Heb. 3, 7 al.—
2.
Aliquem, of pupils, to hear a teacher, i. e. to receive instruction from, to study under:
te, Marce fili, annum jam audientem Cratippum,
Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1:
Jam Polemonem audiverant adsidue Zeno et Arcesilas,
id. Ac. 1, 9, 34; so id. N. D. 1, 14, 37; 3, 1, 2; id. Fat. 2, 4:
Diogenes venientem eum, ut se extra ordinem audiret, non admiserat,
Suet. Tib. 32; id. Gram. 10, 20 al.— Absol.: possumne aliquid audire? (i. e. will you communicate something to me?) tu vero, inquam, vel audire vel dicere, Cic. Fat. 2, 3:
ponere aliquid, ad quod audiam, volo,
id. ib. 2, 4.—
3.
De aliquā re or aliquid, aliquem, of judges, to listen or hearken to, to examine:
nemo illorum judicum clarissimis viris accusantibus audiendum sibi de ambitu putavit,
Cic. Fl. 39, 98:
de capite,
Sen. Ben. 2, 12 al. — Trop.:
de pace,
Liv. 27, 30:
dolos,
Verg. A. 6, 567:
nequissimum servum,
Suet. Dom. 11; so id. Aug. 93; id. Tib. 73; id. Claud. 15; id. Dom. 14; 16; Dig. 11, 3, 14 fin.; 28, 6, 10; 39, 2, 18 et saep.—
4.
Of prayer or entreaty, to hear, listen to, lend an ear to, regard, grant:
in quo di immortales meas preces audiverunt,
Cic. Pis. 19:
Curio ubi... neque cohortationes suas neque preces audiri intellegit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 42:
velut si sensisset auditas preces,
Liv. 1, 12:
audivit orationem eorum,
Vulg. Psa. 105, 44:
audisti verba oris mei,
ib. ib. 137, 1:
Audiat aversā non meus aure deus,
Tib. 3, 3, 28:
audiit et caeli Genitor de parte serenā Intonuit laevum,
Verg. A. 9, 630:
minus audientem carmina Vestam,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 27; 4, 13, 1:
audivit Dominus,
Vulg. Psa. 29, 11 al. —Also aliquem, to hear one, to grant his desire or prayer:
puellas ter vocata audis,
Hor. C. 3, 22, 3; so id. C. S. 34; 35:
Ferreus orantem nequiquam, janitor, audis,
Ov. Am. 1, 6, 27; id. M. 8, 598 al.:
Audi nos, domine,
Vulg. Gen. 23, 6; 23, 8:
semper me audis,
ib. Joan. 11, 42.—
B.
Aliquem, aliquid, or absol. audio, to hear a person or thing with approbation, to assent to, agree with, approve, grant, allow:
nec Homerum audio, qui Ganymeden ab dis raptum ait, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65:
Socratem audio dicentem cibi condimentum esse famem, sed qui ad voluptatem omnia referens vivit ut Gallonius, non audio,
id. Fin. 2, 28, 90; id. de Or. 1, 15, 68; 3, 28, 83; id. Marcell. 8, 25: audio ( I grant it, well, that I agree to, that is granted):
nunc dicis aliquid, quod ad rem pertineat,
id. Rosc. Am. 18 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 2, 59; 2, 5, 27:
non audio,
that I do not grant, id. ib. 2, 3, 34.—
C.
To hear, to listen to, to obey, heed; orig. and class. only with acc., but also with dat.—
a.
With acc.:
tecum loquere, te adhibe in consilium, te audi, tibi obtempera,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2; id. N. D. 1, 20, 55:
ne ego sapientiam istam, quamvis sit erudita, non audiam,
id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:
si me audiatis, priusquam dedantur, etc.,
Liv. 9, 9:
Non, si me satis audias, Speres etc.,
Hor. C.1, 13, 13; 4, 14, 50; id. Ep. 1, 1, 48:
patris aut matris imperium,
Vulg. Deut. 21, 18 al. — Poet. transf. to inanimate things:
neque audit currus habenas,
heeds, Verg. G. 1, 514; so Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 187 (cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 13: equi frenato est auris in ore; and Pind. Pyth. 2, 21: harmata peisichalina):
nec minus incerta (sagitta) est, nec quae magis audiat arcum,
which better heeds the bow, Ov. M. 5, 382:
teque languenti manu Non audit arcus?
Sen. Herc. Oet. 980; so Stat. Th. 5, 412; Luc. 3, 594; 9, 931; Sil. 14, 392.—
b.
With dat.: nam istis qui linguam avium intellegunt, magis audiendum censeo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57, 131 (B. and K. isti):
sibi audire,
App. Mag. p. 326, 34; so, dicto audientem esse, to listen to one's word, to be obedient to one's word, to obey (not in Ter.):
dicto sum audiens,
I obey, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Trin. 4, 3, 55; id. As. 3, 1, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 89:
qui dicto audientes in tantā re non fuisset,
Cic. Deiot. 8, 23 ' sunt illi quidem dicto audientes, id. Verr. 1, 88:
quos dicto audientes jussi,
id. ib. 5, 104.—And, on account of the signif. to obey, with a second personal dat.: dicto audientem esse alicui, to obey one (freq. and class.); cf.
Stallb. ad Rudd. Gr. II. p. 124, n. 38: vilicus domino dicto audiens sit,
Cato, R. R. 142: si habes, qui te audiat;
si potest tibi dicto audiens esse quisquam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44; 2, 4. 12; 2, 5, 32; id. Phil. 7, 2:
dicto audiens fuit jussis absentium magistratuum,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2; id. Lys. 1, 2; id. Iphicr. 2, 1:
interim Servio Tullio jubere populum dicto audientem esse,
Liv. 1, 41; 4, 26; 29, 20;
41, 10 al.—Once pleon. with oboedio: ne plebs nobis dicto audiens atque oboediens sit,
Liv. 5, 3.—
D.
To hear thus and thus, i. e. to be named or styled somehow (as in Gr. akouô; and in Engl. to hear, as Milton: Or hear'st thou rather pure ethereal stream, P. L. III. 7); and with bene or male (as in Gr. kalôs or kakôs akouein; cf. Milton: For which Britain hears ill abroad, Areop.; and Spenser: If old Aveugles sonnes so evil hear, F. Q. I. 5, 23), to be in good or bad repute, to be praised or blamed, to have a good or bad character:
benedictis si certāsset, audīsset bene (Bene audire est bene dici, laudari, Don.),
Ter. Phorm. prol. 20:
tu recte vivis, si curas esse quod audis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 17:
rexque paterque Audisti coram,
id. ib. 1, 7, 38; so id. S. 2, 6, 20; Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1; id. Fin. 3, 17, 57; id. Leg. 1, 19; Nep. Dion, 7, 3:
Ille, qui jejunus a quibusdam et aridus habetur, non aliter ab ipsis inimicis male audire quam nimiis floribus et ingenii afluentia potuit,
Quint. 12, 10, 13 al. —In a play upon words: erat surdaster M. Crassus;
sed aliud molestius quod male audiebat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 116; so,
minus commode: quod illorum culpā se minus commode audire arbitrarentur,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 58.—
E.
As it were to hear, to hear mentally, i. e. to understand, to supply, something (later subaudio): cum subtractum verbum aliquod satis ex ceteris intellegitur, ut, stupere gaudio Graecus. Simul enim auditur coepit, is understood, is to be supplied, Quint. 9, 3, 58; 8, 5, 12.—Hence, audĭens, entis, P. a. subst.
A.
(Acc. to II. A.) A hearer, auditor ( = auditor, q. v., or qui audit, Cic. Brut. 80, 276)' ad animos audientium permovendos, Cic. Brut. 23, 89; 80, 279:
cum adsensu audientium egit,
Liv. 21, 10 al. —Hence, in eccl. Lat., a catechumen, Tert. Poen. 6.—
B.
(Acc. to II. C.) With the gen.: tibi servio atque audiens sum imperii, a hearer of, i. e. obedient to, your command, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 25.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > audio
4 ἀίω

1. ἀίω (1) ( ἀϝίω), only pres. and ipf. ἄιον: (1) hear; abs., and w. gen. or acc. — (2) mark, perceive, never inconsistently with the sense of hearing, πληγῆς ἀίοντες, the horses hear the lash as well as feel the stroke, Il. 11.532 .— οὐκ ἀίεις (= ἀκούεις;); or, sometimes, ‘markest thou not?’ ‘remarkest,’ Il. 15.248, Od. 1.298.

2. ἀίω (2) (cf. ἄϝημι): breathe out; φίλον ἄιον ἦτορ, ‘was (near) breathing my last,’ Il. 15.252†.

A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἀίω
5 see

I si: past tense - saw; verb
1) (to have the power of sight: After six years of blindness, he found he could see.) ver

2) (to be aware of by means of the eye: I can see her in the garden.) ver

3) (to look at: Did you see that play on television?) ver

4) (to have a picture in the mind: I see many difficulties ahead.) ver, imaginarse

5) (to understand: She didn't see the point of the joke.) comprender, entender, ver

6) (to investigate: Leave this here and I'll see what I can do for you.) ver

7) (to meet: I'll see you at the usual time.) ver

8) (to accompany: I'll see you home.) acompañar

•

- see about
- seeing that
- see off
- see out
- see through
- see to
- I
- we will see
II si: noun
(the district over which a bishop or archbishop has authority.) sede

see vb

1. ver

turn the light on, I can't see anything enciende la luz; no veo nada

have you seen Lesley recently? ¿has visto a Lesley últimamente?

I saw a film about mountaineering vi una película sobre el alpinismo

2. entender / ver

I don't see why we can't go in no entiendo por qué no podemos entrar

3. quedar / ver

I'll see you at ten quedamos a las diez / nos vemos a las diez

4. ir / ver

my tooth hurts, I'll have to see a dentist me duele una muela, tendré que ir al dentista

I'll see ya veremos

can I have a dog for my birthday? I'll see para mi cumpleaños me gustaría un perro ya veremos

let's see a ver / vamos a ver

see you hasta luego

El pasado de see es saw y el participio pasado es seen; el gerundio se escribe seeing

see

tr[siː]

noun

1 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL sede nombre femenino

————————

see

tr[siː]

transitive verb (pt saw tr[sɔː], pp seen tr[siːn], ger seeing)

1 (gen) ver

■ I can't see anything no veo nada

■ did you see who it was? ¿has visto quién era?

■ you can see the sea from here desde aquí se ve el mar

■ have you seen any good films lately? ¿has visto una buena película últimamente?

■ see page 123 véase la página 123

■ she could see that he hadn't listened to a single word veía que no había escuchado ni una sola palabra

■ I can see you're busy ya veo que estás ocupado

■ we don't know what she sees in him no sabemos qué es lo que ve en él

■ this year sees the cinema's centenary este año se celebra el centenario del cine

2 (meet, visit) ver; (receive) ver, atender; (go out with) salir con

■ guess who I saw on Saturday? ¿a que no sabes a quién vi el sábado?

■ you should see a doctor deberías ir al médico

■ I'm seeing Pat on Friday he quedado con Pat el viernes

■ I want to see the manager quiero ver al director

■ they've been seeing each other for a month hace un mes que salen juntos

3 (understand) comprender, entender, ver

■ do you see what I mean? ¿entiendes lo que quiero decir?

■ I can see why you're worried entiendo por qué estás preocupado

■ I don't see why I have to go no entiendo por qué tengo que ir yo

■ I can see your point entiendo tu punto de vista

4 (visualize, imagine) imaginarse, ver; (envisage) creer

■ I can't see him working in a factory no me lo imagino trabajando en una fábrica

■ I can't see Dad lending you the money no creo que papá te vaya a dejar el dinero

■ I can't see that it matters no creo que tenga importancia

■ they saw it coming lo vieron venir

5 (find out, discover) ver; (learn) oír, leer

■ I'll see what I can do veré lo que puedo hacer

■ go and see what she's up to vete a ver qué hace

■ I see that Chirac has won the French elections veo que Chirac ha ganado las elecciones francesas

■ I see in the paper that Major did badly in the local elections he leído que a Major le fueron mal las elecciones locales

6 (ensure, check) asegurarse de, procurar

■ see that you arrive on time procura llegar a la hora

■ see that he gets complete rest asegúrate de que tenga reposo completo

■ could you see that all the doors are locked? ¿podría asegurarse de que todas las puertas estén cerradas con llave?

7 (accompany) acompañar

■ he saw me home me acompañó a casa

■ we saw her to her car la acompañamos a su coche

■ I saw the old lady across the road ayudé a la anciana a cruzar la calle

8 (in cards) ver, ir

intransitive verb

1 (gen) ver

■ she can't see without her glasses no ve sin las gafas

■ I can't see to read no veo para leer

■ she can see into the future ve el futuro

2 (find out, discover) ver

■ we'll have to see ya veremos

3 (understand) entender, ver

■ oh, I see ah, ya veo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

I'll be seeing you! ¡hasta luego!

let me see/let's see a ver, vamos a ver

seeing is believing ver para creer

see you around ya nos veremos

see you later/soon/Monday! ¡hasta luego/pronto/el lunes!

to be seeing things ver visiones

to have seen better days haber conocido tiempos mejores

to see for oneself comprobarlo uno,-a mismo,-a

to see a lot of somebody ver a alguien a menudo

to see one's way (clear) to doing something poder hacer algo, estar dispuesto,-a a hacer algo

to see reason ver la razón

to see red ponerse rojo,-a (de ira)

to see stars ver las estrellas

to see the back/last of somebody perder a alguien de vista

to see the joke verle la gracia, entender el chiste

to see the light ver la luz

not to see the point no ver el sentido, no ver para qué

we'll soon see about that! ¡ya lo veremos!

you see (in explanations) verás 2 (in questions) ¿sabes?, ¿ves?

see ['si:] v, saw ['sɔ] ; seen ['si:n] ; seeing vt

1) : ver

I saw a dog: vi un perro

see you later!: ¡hasta luego!

2) experience: ver, conocer

3) understand: ver, entender

4) ensure: asegurarse

see that it's correct: asegúrese de que sea correcto

5) accompany: acompañar

6)

to see off : despedir, despedirse de

see vi

1) : ver

seeing is believing: ver para creer

2) understand: entender, ver

now I see!: ¡ya entiendo!

3) consider: ver

let's see: vamos a ver

4)

to see to : ocuparse de

see n

: sede f

the Holy See: la Santa Sede

see

n.

• sede s.f.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: saw, seen) = observar v.

• percibir v.

• ver v.

(§pres: veo, ves...) imp. ve-•)

I
1. siː
1) (past saw; past p seen) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) ver*

I can't see a thing! — no veo nada!

we haven't seen her for a while — hace un tiempo que no la vemos

there wasn't a policeman to be seen — no había ningún policía

to see somebody/something + inf: I didn't see her arrive no la vi llegar; we'll be sorry to see her go nos va a dar pena que se vaya; to see somebody/something -ing: I can see somebody coming this way veo venir a alguien; I thought I was seeing things pensé que estaba viendo visiones; I'll believe it when I see it hasta que no lo vea no lo creo; to be glad to see the back of somebody — alegrarse de que alguien se vaya

b) \<\<film/play\>\> ver*

c) (look at, inspect) ver*

see page 20 — ver página 20

may I see your ticket? — ¿me permite su entrada (or boleto etc)?

3)

a) (perceive, notice) ver*

I don't know what she sees in him — no sé qué es lo que le ve or qué es lo que ve en él

anyone can see she's upset — cualquiera se da cuenta de que está disgustada

b) (learn from reading, hearing)

I see Mrs Baker's retiring — así que se jubila la señora Baker

I see from your application form that... — he leído en su solicitud que...

4) ( understand) ver*

he didn't see the joke — no le vio la gracia (al chiste)

do you see what I mean? — ¿entiendes?, ¿te das cuenta?

I can see (that) you're in a difficult position, but... — me doy cuenta de or comprendo que estás en una situación difícil, pero...

5) (consider, regard) ver*

the way I see it, as I see it — a mi modo de ver, tal como yo lo veo

I see nothing wrong in it — yo no le encuentro nada de malo

6)

a) ( visualize)

can you see him as a teacher? — ¿te lo imaginas de profesor?

b) (envisage, foresee)

I can see there'll be problems — veo que va a haber problemas

to see something/somebody -ING: I can't see it working no creo que vaya a funcionar; I can see her working abroad — la imagino trabajando en el extranjero

c) ( accept) (AmE colloq)

we could move Johnson over to Sales - OK, I can see that — podríamos pasar a Johnson a Ventas - bueno, eso me parece bien

7)

a) (find out, determine) ver*

I'll have to see what I can do — tendré que ver qué puedo hacer

we'll have to (wait and) see — habrá que esperar y ver

that remains to be seen — eso está por verse

b) ( ensure)

to see that: see that it doesn't happen again — que no vuelva a suceder

8)

a) (experience, undergo)

I doubt if I'll live to see it — no creo que yo llegue a verlo or que yo llegue a ver el día

I want to travel and see (a bit of) life — quiero viajar y ver mundo

b) ( be the occasion of) (journ)

in a week which has seen the start of... — en una semana que ha visto el inicio de...

next Thursday sees the launch of the new model — el próximo jueves es la fecha señalada para el lanzamiento del nuevo modelo

Sense II

9)

a) ( meet) ver*

I'm seeing him on Tuesday — lo voy a ver el martes

when can I see you again? — ¿cuándo nos podemos volver a ver?

b) ( go out with) (colloq) salir* con

they've been seeing each other for two months — hace dos meses que salen juntos

c) ( saying goodbye) (colloq)

see you! — hasta luego!, hasta la vista!

see you around! — nos vemos!

see you later/tonight/soon/on Saturday! — hasta luego/esta noche/pronto/el sábado!

(I'll) be seeing you! — hasta pronto!

10) ( visit)

a) ( socially) ver*

b) ( for consultation) ver*

you should see a specialist — deberías ver a or ir a un especialista

I want to see the manager — quisiera ver al gerente or hablar con el gerente

to see somebody about something: can I see you about something privately? — ¿podría hablar con usted de un asunto privado?

11) ( receive) ver*, atender*

the doctor will see you now — el doctor lo verá or lo atenderá ahora

12) (escort, accompany) acompañar

to see somebody to the door — acompañar a alguien a la puerta

2.

vi

1)

a) ver*

I can see better from here — desde aquí veo mejor

seeing is believing — ver para creer

b) (look, inspect) ver*

let me see! — déjame ver!

see for yourself! — compruébalo tú mismo!

2) (understand, realize) ver*

can't you see he loves you? — ¿no te das cuenta de or no ves que te quiere?

as far as I can see — por lo que yo veo

I see — ( expressing realization) ya veo; ( accepting explanation) entiendo

3) (consider, think) ver*

let's see — vamos a ver, veamos

I'll see, but I can't promise anything — voy a ver, pero no te puedo prometer nada

4) ( find out) ver*

will it work? - try it and see — ¿funcionará? - prueba a ver

what's going on? - you'll soon see — ¿qué pasa? - ya lo verás

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- see about

- see in

- see off

- see out

- see over

- see through

- see to

II

noun ( diocese) sede f

the Holy See — la Santa Sede

I

[siː]
(pt saw) (pp seen) VT VI
1) (gen) ver

I saw him yesterday — lo vi ayer

I can't see — no veo nada

to see sb do or doing sth — ver a algn hacer algo

I saw him coming — lo vi venir

(go and) see who's at the door — ve a ver quién llama (a la puerta)

he was seen to fall — se le vio caer

I saw it done in 1988 — lo vi hacer en 1988

see page eight — véase la página ocho

did you see that Queen Anne is dead? — ¿has oído que ha muerto la reina Ana?

• he's seen it all — está de vuelta de todo

• there was nobody to be seen — no se veía ni nadie

there was not a house to be seen — no se veía ni una sola casa

• as you can see — como ves

as far as the eye can see — hasta donde alcanza la vista

from here you can see for miles — desde aquí se ve muy lejos

• I'll see him damned first — antes le veré colgado

• I never thought I'd see the day when... — nunca pensé ver el día en que...

this car has seen better days — este coche ha conocido mejores tiempos

• this dress isn't fit to be seen — este vestido no se puede ver

he's not fit to be seen in public — no se le puede presentar a los ojos del público

• see for yourself — velo tú

• I'll go and see — voy a ver

• now see here! — (in anger) ¡mira!, ¡oiga!, ¡escuche!

• I see nothing wrong in it — no le encuentro nada malo

I don't know what she sees in him — no sé lo que encuentra en él

I see in the paper that... — sale en el periódico que...

• let me see, let's see — (=show me/us) a ver; (=let me/us think) vamos a ver

• she's certainly seeing life — es seguro que está viendo muchas cosas

• we'll not see his like again — no veremos otro como él

• he's seen a lot of the world — ha visto mucho mundo

• so I see — ya lo veo

• I must be seeing things * — estoy viendo visiones

• I can't see to read — no veo lo suficiente para leer

• can you see your way to helping us? — (fig) ¿nos hace el favor de ayudarnos?

• we'll see — ya veremos, a ver

• I'll see what I can do — veré si puedo hacer algo

• she won't see 40 again — los 40 ya no los cumple

2) (=visit, meet) ver, visitar; (=have an interview with) tener una entrevista con, entrevistarse con

the minister saw the Queen yesterday — el ministro se entrevistó or tuvo una entrevista con la Reina ayer

I'm afraid I can't see you tomorrow — lamento no poder verle mañana

• I want to see you about my daughter — quiero hablar con usted acerca de mi hija

what did he want to see you about? — ¿qué asunto quería discutir contigo?, ¿qué motivo tuvo su visita?

• we'll be seeing them for dinner — vamos a cenar con ellos

• to see the doctor — ir a ver al médico, consultar al médico

you need to see a doctor — tienes que ir a ver or consultar a un médico

• to go and see sb — ir a ver a algn; (a friend) visitar a algn

• we don't see much of them nowadays — ahora les vemos bastante poco

• see you! * — chau *

see you on Sunday! — ¡hasta el domingo!

see you tomorrow! — ¡hasta mañana!

see you later! — ¡hasta luego!

see you soon! — ¡hasta pronto!

3) (=understand, perceive) entender

I see — lo veo

I see! — ya entiendo

this is how I see it — este es mi modo de entenderlo, yo lo entiendo así

I saw only too clearly that... — percibí claramente que...

it's all over, see? * — se acabó, ¿entiendes?

• I can't or don't see why/how etc... — no veo or entiendo por qué/cómo etc...

I don't see it, myself — yo no creo que sea posible

he's dead, don't you see? — está muerto, ¿me entiendes?

• the Russians see it differently — los rusos lo miran desde otro punto de vista, el criterio de los rusos es distinto

• I fail to see how — no comprendo or entiendo cómo

• as far as I can see — por lo visto, por lo que yo veo

• the way I see it — a mi parecer

4) (=accompany) acompañar

• he was so drunk we had to see him to bed — estaba tan borracho que tuvimos que llevarle a la cama

• to see sb to the door — acompañar a algn a la puerta

• to see sb home — acompañar a algn a casa

may I see you home? — ¿puedo acompañarte a casa?

5) (=try) procurar

see if... — ve a ver si..., mira a ver si...

6) (=imagine) imaginarse

I can just see him as a teacher — me lo imagino de profesor

I don't see her as a minister — no la veo or no me la imagino de ministra

I can't see myself doing that — no me imagino con capacidad para hacer eso

I can't really see myself being elected — en realidad no creo que me vayan a elegir

I can't see him winning — me parece imposible que gane

7) (=ensure)

to see (to it) that — procurar que + subjun

see that he has all he needs — procura que tenga todo lo que necesita

to see that sth is done — procurar que algo se haga

see that you have it ready for Monday — procura tenerlo listo para el lunes

see that it does not happen again — y que no vuelva a ocurrir

- see about

- see in

- see into

- see off

- see out

- see over

- see through

- see to

II

[siː]
N (Rel) sede f ; [of archbishop] arzobispado m ; [of bishop] obispado m
the Holy See — la Santa Sede

* * *

I
1. [siː]
1) (past saw; past p seen) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) ver*

I can't see a thing! — no veo nada!

we haven't seen her for a while — hace un tiempo que no la vemos

there wasn't a policeman to be seen — no había ningún policía

to see somebody/something + inf: I didn't see her arrive no la vi llegar; we'll be sorry to see her go nos va a dar pena que se vaya; to see somebody/something -ing: I can see somebody coming this way veo venir a alguien; I thought I was seeing things pensé que estaba viendo visiones; I'll believe it when I see it hasta que no lo vea no lo creo; to be glad to see the back of somebody — alegrarse de que alguien se vaya

b) \<\<film/play\>\> ver*

c) (look at, inspect) ver*

see page 20 — ver página 20

may I see your ticket? — ¿me permite su entrada (or boleto etc)?

3)

a) (perceive, notice) ver*

I don't know what she sees in him — no sé qué es lo que le ve or qué es lo que ve en él

anyone can see she's upset — cualquiera se da cuenta de que está disgustada

b) (learn from reading, hearing)

I see Mrs Baker's retiring — así que se jubila la señora Baker

I see from your application form that... — he leído en su solicitud que...

4) ( understand) ver*

he didn't see the joke — no le vio la gracia (al chiste)

do you see what I mean? — ¿entiendes?, ¿te das cuenta?

I can see (that) you're in a difficult position, but... — me doy cuenta de or comprendo que estás en una situación difícil, pero...

5) (consider, regard) ver*

the way I see it, as I see it — a mi modo de ver, tal como yo lo veo

I see nothing wrong in it — yo no le encuentro nada de malo

6)

a) ( visualize)

can you see him as a teacher? — ¿te lo imaginas de profesor?

b) (envisage, foresee)

I can see there'll be problems — veo que va a haber problemas

to see something/somebody -ING: I can't see it working no creo que vaya a funcionar; I can see her working abroad — la imagino trabajando en el extranjero

c) ( accept) (AmE colloq)

we could move Johnson over to Sales - OK, I can see that — podríamos pasar a Johnson a Ventas - bueno, eso me parece bien

7)

a) (find out, determine) ver*

I'll have to see what I can do — tendré que ver qué puedo hacer

we'll have to (wait and) see — habrá que esperar y ver

that remains to be seen — eso está por verse

b) ( ensure)

to see that: see that it doesn't happen again — que no vuelva a suceder

8)

a) (experience, undergo)

I doubt if I'll live to see it — no creo que yo llegue a verlo or que yo llegue a ver el día

I want to travel and see (a bit of) life — quiero viajar y ver mundo

b) ( be the occasion of) (journ)

in a week which has seen the start of... — en una semana que ha visto el inicio de...

next Thursday sees the launch of the new model — el próximo jueves es la fecha señalada para el lanzamiento del nuevo modelo

Sense II

9)

a) ( meet) ver*

I'm seeing him on Tuesday — lo voy a ver el martes

when can I see you again? — ¿cuándo nos podemos volver a ver?

b) ( go out with) (colloq) salir* con

they've been seeing each other for two months — hace dos meses que salen juntos

c) ( saying goodbye) (colloq)

see you! — hasta luego!, hasta la vista!

see you around! — nos vemos!

see you later/tonight/soon/on Saturday! — hasta luego/esta noche/pronto/el sábado!

(I'll) be seeing you! — hasta pronto!

10) ( visit)

a) ( socially) ver*

b) ( for consultation) ver*

you should see a specialist — deberías ver a or ir a un especialista

I want to see the manager — quisiera ver al gerente or hablar con el gerente

to see somebody about something: can I see you about something privately? — ¿podría hablar con usted de un asunto privado?

11) ( receive) ver*, atender*

the doctor will see you now — el doctor lo verá or lo atenderá ahora

12) (escort, accompany) acompañar

to see somebody to the door — acompañar a alguien a la puerta

2.

vi

1)

a) ver*

I can see better from here — desde aquí veo mejor

seeing is believing — ver para creer

b) (look, inspect) ver*

let me see! — déjame ver!

see for yourself! — compruébalo tú mismo!

2) (understand, realize) ver*

can't you see he loves you? — ¿no te das cuenta de or no ves que te quiere?

as far as I can see — por lo que yo veo

I see — ( expressing realization) ya veo; ( accepting explanation) entiendo

3) (consider, think) ver*

let's see — vamos a ver, veamos

I'll see, but I can't promise anything — voy a ver, pero no te puedo prometer nada

4) ( find out) ver*

will it work? - try it and see — ¿funcionará? - prueba a ver

what's going on? - you'll soon see — ¿qué pasa? - ya lo verás

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- see about

- see in

- see off

- see out

- see over

- see through

- see to

II

noun ( diocese) sede f

the Holy See — la Santa Sede

English-spanish dictionary > see
6 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
7 ὁράω

ὁράω (Hom.+) impf. 3 pl. ἑώρων (J 6:2 v.l. for ἐθεώρουν); pf. ἑώρακα and ἑόρακα (s. B-D-F §68), 3 pl. ἑώρακαν beside ἑόρακαν and ἑωράκασιν (Mlt-H. 221); plpf. ἑωράκειν Hv 2, 1, 3; fut. ὄψομαι, 2 sg. ὄψῃ (W-S. §13, 18). Pass.: 1 fut. ὀφθήσομαι; 1 aor. ὤφθην, by-form ὡράθην Ezk 12:12; 21:29; Da 1:15 Theod.; pf. 3 sing. ὦπται Ex 4:1, 5; Hv 3, 1, 2, inf. ὦφθαι or ἑωρᾶσθαι (Just.); plpf. 3 sg. ὦπτο. (Just.). In Byz. times there was an aor. mid. ὠψάμην (Lob. on Phryn. p. 734). There is a subjunctive form corresponding to this in one place in the NT, though not without a v.l.; it is ὄψησθε (v.l. ὄψεσθε) Lk 13:28. The functions of the aor. active are taken over by εἶδον and the forms belonging to it (s. εἶδον). βλέπω is, for the most part, used for the pres. and impf. On the use of ὁράω and βλέπω s. Reinhold p. 95ff.

A. trans.

① to perceive by the eye, catch sight of, notice

ⓐ w. acc. of pers. Mt 28:7, 10; Mk 16:7; Lk 16:23; J 8:57; 9:37; 14:9; 16:16f, 19, 22; 20:18 (PPerkins, Int 46, ’92, 31–41), 25, 29; 1J 4:20a; Rv 1:7; AcPl Ha 6, 17; Κλαύδ̣ιε ὅ̣[ρα Παῦλον] 8, 1. θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε (s. PGM 5, 101f of Osiris ὸ̔ν οὐδεὶς εἶδε πώποτε) J 1:18; cp. 6:46ab; 1J 4:20b (on seeing God and its impossibility for mortals s. WGrafBaudissin, ‘Gott schauen’ in d. atl. Rel.: ARW 18, 1915, 173–239; RBultmann, ZNW 29, 1930, 169–92; EFascher: Marb. Theol. Studien ’31, 1, 41–77).—Also of the perception of personal beings that become visible in a transcendent manner (UPZ 78, 8 [159 B.C.] of a dream in the Sarapeum ὁρῶ τ. διδύμας; 69, 6; Just., D. 115, 3), of the vision of Christ that Paul had 1 Cor 9:1. The acc. is to be supplied fr. the context Hb 11:27; 1 Pt 1:8. W. acc. of the ptc. (B-D-F §416, 1; Rob. 1123.—UPZ 69, 6 [152 B.C.] ὁρῶ ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ τὸν Μενέδημον ἀντικείμενον ἡμῖν; Ex 2:11, 13; TestJob 26, 6; ParJer 9:20; GrBar 1:3; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 38; Just., A I, 10, 1 al.) ὄψονται τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27. ὄψεσθε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενον Mk 14:62 (NPerrin, The End-product of the Christian Pesher Trad., NTS 12, ’66, 150–55).

ⓑ w. acc. of thing ὀπτασίαν ὁρ. see a vision (s. ὀπτασία 1.—SIG 1169, 6; UPZ 68, 6 [152 B.C.] ἐνύπνια ὁρῶ πονηρά) Lk 1:22; 24:23. ὁράσεις Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). ταῦτα Lk 23:49. πάντα J 4:45. σημεῖα 6:2 v.l. (for ἐθεώρουν). S. also Hv 3, 2, 4. W. acc. of the ptc. (SIG 685, 75; 1169, 15; Ex 33:10; TestJob 37:8; Just., A I, 53, 9 al.) τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα J 1:51.—Hv 3, 8, 9. W. attraction of the relative ὧν=τούτων ἅ Lk 9:36; Ac 22:15. The attraction may be due to colloq. breviloquence in μάρτυρα ὧν τε εἶδές με ὧν τε ὀφθήσομαί σοι a witness to the things in which you saw me and to those in which I shall appear to you Ac 26:16b (difft. MDibelius, Aufsätze zur Apostelgeschichte, ed. HGreeven ’51, 83). Of God τ. πάντα ὁρᾷ PtK 2 p. 13, 24 (Ar. 4, 1; cp. 13, 8).—ὁρ. is a favorite word w. J, when he speaks of that which the preëxistent Son saw when he was with the Father (JSchneider, D. Christusschau des Joh.-ev. ’35; difft. LBrun, D. Gottesschau des joh. Christus: SymbOsl 5, 1927, 1–22) ὸ̔ ἑώρακεν J 3:32; cp. vs. 11. ἃ ἑώρακα παρὰ τῷ πατρί 8:38 (since this deals w. witness and speaking, the ‘perceiving’ could be thought of as ‘hearing’; what is heard is interpreted as an event. Cp. Diod S 13, 28, 5 ὁρᾷς;=do you hear [the outcry]?; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 165 ὁρῶ οἷα λέγεις; Polyaenus 7, 14, 2; Ex 20:18 λαὸς ἑώρα τὴν φωνήν, 22; Dt 4:9; also Philo, Migr. Abr. 47; SibOr 8, 125 βρυγμὸν ὁρ.). Of that which the apostolic witnesses saw of Christ 1J 1:1–3. Abs. ὁ ἑωρακώς the eye-witness J 19:35.

ⓒ ὁρ. τὸ πρόσωπόν τινος as a periphrasis for see someone (cp. Gen 43:3, 5; 46:30) Ac 20:25; Col 2:1. ὁρ. το πρόσωπον τοῦ θεοῦ (=רָאָה אֶת־פְּנֵי י״י) Rv 22:4 (πρόσωπον 1bα). ὁρ. τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ (=רָאָה אֶת־כְּבוֹד י״י) see the majesty of God (Is 66:18f; GkBar 6:12 al.) J 11:40. Simply ὁρ. τὸν θεόν see God Mt 5:8. ὀψόμεθα αὐτὸν καθώς ἐστιν 1J 3:2 (Maximus Tyr. 11, 11a τὸ μὲν ὅλον ὄψει τ. θεὸν τότε, ἐπειδὰν πρὸς αὐτὸν καλῇ). ὁρ. τὸν κύριον Hb 12:14.—On ἃ ἑόρακεν ἐμβατεύων Col 2:18 s. ἐμβατεύω.

ⓓ pass. in act. sense become visible, appear (Ael. Aristid. 51, 22 K.=27 p. 539 D.: ὤφθη τοιάδε; LXX) abs. Rv 11:19; 12:1, 3. τινί to someone Ac 2:3. ὅραμα διὰ νυκτὸς τ. Παύλῳ ὤφθη a vision appeared to Paul at night 16:9 (Jos., Ant. 2, 70 τὰ διὰ νυκτὸς ὀφθέντα).—Of pers. who appear in a natural way (Appian, Syr. 21 §96 ὤφθησαν=they made an appearance, Bell. Civ. 2, 130 §542; UPZ 145, 5 [164 B.C.]; 3 Km 3:16 ὤφθησαν δύο γυναῖκες τῷ βασιλεῖ) (Μωϋσῆς) ὤφθη αὐτοῖς Ac 7:26. Mostly of beings that make their appearance in a transcendent manner, almost always w. dat. of the pers. to whom they appear: God (Gen 12:7; 17:1 [cp. 1QapGen 22:27 God appears to Abraham]; PGM 4, 3090 ἕως ὁ θεός σοι ὀφθῇ; ParJer 7:20; Just., D. 56, 4 al.) Ac 7:2. Angels (Ex 3:2; Judg 6:12) Lk 1:11; 22:43 (LBrun, ZNW 32, ’33, 265–76); Ac 7:30, 35. Moses and Elijah Mt 17:3; Mk 9:4; Lk 9:31 (without the dat. in this pass.: ὀφθέντες ἐν δόξῃ). The risen Christ Lk 24:34; Ac 9:17; 13:31; 26:16a; 1 Cor 15:5–8 (cp. Ox 1 verso, 13; Unknown Sayings, 69–71); 1 Ti 3:16 (ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις: the triumphant Christ appears to the angelic powers); Hb 9:28 (Christ at his Second Coming).—οὐκ ἔτι σοι ὀφθήσεται it will be seen by you no longer (of evil desire) Hm 12, 2, 4 (Antig. Car. 11 ὁρᾶται=there is; Aristot. in Apollon. Paradox. 39 ὄφις ὤφθη=there was a snake).

② to see someone in the course of making a friendly call, visit (1 Km 20:29; JosAs 22:3) ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς Hb 13:23.

③ to experience a condition or event, experience, witness (cp. POxy 120, 4f τινὰ ὁρῶντα αἱαυτὸν [= ἑαυτὸν] ἐν δυστυχίᾳ; JosAs 6:5 τί … ἐγὼ ὄψομαι ἡ ταλαίπωρο; s. also Just., D. 61, 2) Lk 17:22 (s. εἶδον 4). ζωήν J 3:36 (cp. Lycophron 1019 βίον; Ps 88:49 θάνατον). μείζω τούτων 1:50. ὄψεται πᾶσα σὰρξ τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5).

④ to be mentally or spiritually perceptive, perceive (Polystrat. p. 5 ὁρ. τῷ λογισμῷ; Simplicius, In Epict. p. 110, 47 Düb. τὸ ἀληθές), fig. ext. of 1:

ⓐ sensory aspect felt: w. acc. of the ptc. (Diod S 2, 16, 5; 4, 40, 2; Appian, Syr. 14 §55, Bell. Civ. 2, 14 §50; PHib 44, 4 [253 B.C.] ὁρῶντες δέ σε καταραθυμοῦντα; 4 Macc 4:24; 9:30; Jos., Vi. 373 ὄντα με ὁρ.; Just., A I, 43, 5; Ath. 2, 3) notice, perceive, understand εἰς χολὴν πικρίας … ὁρῶ σε ὄντα I perceive that you have fallen into the gall of bitterness (i.e. bitter jealousy) Ac 8:23. οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα we do not yet see everything subjected to him Hb 2:8. W. acc. and inf. foll. Dg 1. W. ὅτι foll. (M. Ant. 9, 27, 2; Philo, Migr. Abr. 46; Just., D. 23, 3 al.) Js 2:24; 1 Cl 12:8; 23:4; 44:6. W. indir. quest foll. 1 Cl 16:17; 41:4; 50:1; 15:8; Dg 7:8. W. direct discourse foll. ὁρᾶτε 1 Cl 4:7.

ⓑ w. focus on cognitive aspect: look at or upon ὄψονται οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ they who have never been told of (Christ) shall look upon him Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15).— Consider ὅρα τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῆς πονηρίας τὰ ἔργα Hm 6, 2, 4.— Become conscious of ὁ κακοποιῶν οὐχ ἐώρακεν τ. θεόν 3J 11. Cp. 1J 3:6.

B. intr.

① to fix one’s gaze, look εἴς τινα on or at someone (Il. 24, 633; Od. 20, 373; Just., D. 112, 1) J 19:37 (s. ἐκκεντέω). ἄνω ὁρᾶν Dg 10:2 (cp. Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2, 140; Ovid, Matamorphoses 1, 85; other reff. EBlakeney, The Epistle to Diognetus ’43, 77f).

② to be alert or on guard, pay attention, see to it that foll. by μή and the aor. subj. (Diod S 27, 17, 3 ὁρᾶτε μήποτε ποιήσωμεν; Epict., Ench. 19, 2; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 8, 2; BGU 37, 5 [50 A.D.]; POxy 532, 15 ὅρα μὴ ἄλλως πράξῃς; 531, 9 ὅρα μηδενὶ ἀνθρώπων προσκρούσῃς.—B-D-F §364, 3) Mt 8:4; 18:10; Mk 1:44; 1 Th 5:15; 1 Cl 21:1; D 6:1.—W. μή and impv. (B-D-F §461, 1; Rob. 996) Mt 9:30; 24:6.—Elliptically (B-D-F §480, 5; Rob. 949) ὅρα μή (sc. ποιήσῃς) watch out! don’t do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9.—Used w. ἀπό τινος look out for someth. (B-D-F §149; Rob. 472) ὁρᾶτε καὶ προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων look out (for) and be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees Mt 16:6. ὁράτε, βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρ. Mk 8:15. ὁράτε καὶ φυλάσσεσθε ἀπὸ πάσης πλεονεξίας Lk 12:15.

③ to accept responsibility for causing someth. to happen, look, see to, take care σὺ ὄψῃ see to that yourself! that’s your affair! Mt 27:4 (Men., Epitr. 493 S. [317 Kö.]; cp. the response of Titus and declaration of innocence at the time of Jerusalem’s destruction Jos., Bell. 6, 215); cp. vs. 24; Ac 18:15 (on this Latinism = videris s. DHesseling in B-D-F §362; Rob. 109f). Impv. followed by imperatival fut. ὅρα ποιήσεις πάντα see to it that you do everything Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; cp. 4:21). Foll. by indir. quest. (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 121 D.: ὅρα τί ποιεῖς) ὅρα τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν take care what you are doing Ac 22:26 v.l.—B. 1042. Schmidt, Syn. I 244–70. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὁράω
8 accepte

ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.
I.
In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.
a.
Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):
ex tua accepi manu pateram,
Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;
in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —
b.
Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:
gremio,
Verg. A. 1, 685:
oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),
id. ib. 4, 531.—
c.
In gen., very freq.,
(α).
as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);
(β).
of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—
(α).
To take, accept:
hanc epistulam accipe a me,
take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:
persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:
condicionem pacis,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15:
armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,
after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:
divitias,
Nep. Epam. 4, 3:
aliquid a patre,
to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:
accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,
Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:
haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,
Verg. A. 3, 78:
Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,
id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:
Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,
Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:
magnifice volo summos viros accipere,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:
in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,
id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:
ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:
hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,
id. Men. 5, 1, 7:
indignis acceptus modis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—
(β).
To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:
ictus,
id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:
humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:
pecuniam ob rem judicandam,
id. Verr. 1, 38:
luna lumen solis accipit,
id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:
praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,
Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:
acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,
Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:
calamitatem,
ib. 1, 31:
detrimenta,
ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:
provinciam,
id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:
consulatum,
Suet. Aug. 10:
Galliam,
id. Caes. 22 al.
II.
In partic.
A.
To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,
1.
To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:
carmen auribus,
Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:
voces,
Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):
si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:
quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,
Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:
urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,
as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—
2.
To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:
haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:
et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:
ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,
Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—
3.
With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:
quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,
the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:
in eam partem accipio,
id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:
non recte accipis,
you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:
quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,
Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:
accipio agnoscoque deos,
Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—
B.
To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):
accipito hanc ad te litem,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,
C.
To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:
hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:
nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:
calamitatem,
id. Off. 3, 26:
injuriam,
id. ib. 1, 11 al.—
D.
To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:
Accipio,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:
accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,
id. ib. 1, 1, 52:
visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:
preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,
Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—
E.
In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:
pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,
Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:
in acceptum referre alicui,
to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:
ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5:
omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,
ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —
F.
In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:
adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,
Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;
hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?
Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:
plebi acceptus erat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13;
acceptus erat in oculis,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—
Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:
quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,
Nep. Hann. 7, 3:
quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:
rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,
Cic. Phil. 13, 50;
tempore accepto exaudivi,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accepte
9 accipio

ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.
I.
In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.
a.
Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):
ex tua accepi manu pateram,
Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;
in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —
b.
Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:
gremio,
Verg. A. 1, 685:
oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),
id. ib. 4, 531.—
c.
In gen., very freq.,
(α).
as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);
(β).
of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—
(α).
To take, accept:
hanc epistulam accipe a me,
take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:
persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:
condicionem pacis,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15:
armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,
after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:
divitias,
Nep. Epam. 4, 3:
aliquid a patre,
to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:
accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,
Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:
haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,
Verg. A. 3, 78:
Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,
id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:
Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,
Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:
magnifice volo summos viros accipere,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:
in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,
id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:
ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:
hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,
id. Men. 5, 1, 7:
indignis acceptus modis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—
(β).
To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:
ictus,
id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:
humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:
pecuniam ob rem judicandam,
id. Verr. 1, 38:
luna lumen solis accipit,
id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:
praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,
Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:
acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,
Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:
calamitatem,
ib. 1, 31:
detrimenta,
ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:
provinciam,
id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:
consulatum,
Suet. Aug. 10:
Galliam,
id. Caes. 22 al.
II.
In partic.
A.
To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,
1.
To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:
carmen auribus,
Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:
voces,
Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):
si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:
quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,
Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:
urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,
as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—
2.
To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:
haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:
et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:
ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,
Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—
3.
With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:
quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,
the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:
in eam partem accipio,
id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:
non recte accipis,
you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:
quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,
Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:
accipio agnoscoque deos,
Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—
B.
To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):
accipito hanc ad te litem,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,
C.
To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:
hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:
nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:
calamitatem,
id. Off. 3, 26:
injuriam,
id. ib. 1, 11 al.—
D.
To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:
Accipio,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:
accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,
id. ib. 1, 1, 52:
visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:
preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,
Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—
E.
In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:
pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,
Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:
in acceptum referre alicui,
to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:
ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5:
omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,
ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —
F.
In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:
adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,
Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;
hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?
Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:
plebi acceptus erat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13;
acceptus erat in oculis,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—
Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:
quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,
Nep. Hann. 7, 3:
quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:
rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,
Cic. Phil. 13, 50;
tempore accepto exaudivi,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accipio

См. также в других словарях:

Hearing (sense) — Hearing (or audition) is one of the traditional five senses. It is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations via an organ such as the ear. The inability to hear is called deafness.In humans and other vertebrates, hearing is performed… … Wikipedia
Sense — Sense, n. [L. sensus, from sentire, sensum, to perceive, to feel, from the same root as E. send; cf. OHG. sin sense, mind, sinnan to go, to journey, G. sinnen to meditate, to think: cf. F. sens. For the change of meaning cf. {See}, v. t. See… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Sense capsule — Sense Sense, n. [L. sensus, from sentire, sensum, to perceive, to feel, from the same root as E. send; cf. OHG. sin sense, mind, sinnan to go, to journey, G. sinnen to meditate, to think: cf. F. sens. For the change of meaning cf. {See}, v. t.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Sense organ — Sense Sense, n. [L. sensus, from sentire, sensum, to perceive, to feel, from the same root as E. send; cf. OHG. sin sense, mind, sinnan to go, to journey, G. sinnen to meditate, to think: cf. F. sens. For the change of meaning cf. {See}, v. t.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Sense organule — Sense Sense, n. [L. sensus, from sentire, sensum, to perceive, to feel, from the same root as E. send; cf. OHG. sin sense, mind, sinnan to go, to journey, G. sinnen to meditate, to think: cf. F. sens. For the change of meaning cf. {See}, v. t.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
sense — [sens] n. [Fr sens < L sensus < sentire, to feel, perceive: see SEND1] 1. the ability of the nerves and the brain to receive and react to stimuli, as light, sound, impact, constriction, etc.; specif., any of five faculties of receiving… … English World dictionary
sense — [n1] feeling of animate being faculty, feel, function, hearing, impression, kinesthesia, sensation, sensibility, sensitivity, sight, smell, taste, touch; concept 405 sense [n2] awareness, perception ability, appreciation, atmosphere, aura, brains … New thesaurus
Sense — Senses are the physiological methods of perception. The senses and their operation, classification, and theory are overlapping topics studied by a variety of fields, most notably neuroscience, cognitive psychology (or cognitive science), and… … Wikipedia
Sense — In biology and medicine, the faculty of sensory reception. The ability to convey specific types of external or internal stimuli to the brain and perceive them. Sensory reception occurs through a process known as transduction in which stimuli are… … Medical dictionary
sense — /sens/, n., v., sensed, sensing. n. 1. any of the faculties, as sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch, by which humans and animals perceive stimuli originating from outside or inside the body. 2. these faculties collectively. 3. their operation… … Universalium
sense — /sɛns / (say sens) noun 1. each of the special faculties connected with bodily organs by which human beings and other animals perceive external objects and their own bodily changes (commonly reckoned as sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch). 2 …

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

(perceive+with+sense+of+hearing)

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

(perceive+with+sense+of+hearing)

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: