-
1 Egyptian
Egyptian [ɪ'dʒɪpʃən]1 noun(b) Linguistics égyptien mégyptien►► Egyptian cotton coton m égyptien, coton m jumel;Ornithology Egyptian goose oie f d'Égypte;Ornithology Egyptian vulture percnoptère m (d'Égypte), néophron m -
2 middle
middle ['mɪdəl]1 noun(a) (in space) milieu m, centre m;∎ in the middle (of) au milieu (de), au centre (de);∎ a square with a dot in the middle un carré avec un point au milieu;∎ two seats in the middle of the row deux places en milieu de rangée;∎ in the middle of the crowd au milieu de la foule;∎ in the middle of London en plein Londres;∎ right in the middle of the target en plein dans le mille;∎ in the middle of the road au milieu de la route;∎ in the middle of the Atlantic au milieu de l'Atlantique, en plein Atlantique;∎ they live in the middle of nowhere ils habitent dans un coin perdu ou loin de tout, pejorative ils habitent dans un trou perdu;∎ we broke down in the middle of nowhere on est tombés en panne dans un endroit perdu;∎ familiar they split the money down the middle ils ont partagé l'argent en deux parties égales∎ in the middle of the week au milieu de la semaine;∎ in the middle of October à la mi-octobre, au milieu (du mois) d'octobre;∎ in the middle of the night en pleine nuit, en plein milieu de la nuit;∎ in the middle of winter en plein hiver∎ to be in the middle of doing sth être en train de faire qch;∎ I'm in the middle of something, can you call back? là je suis occupé mais est-ce que tu peux me rappeler plus tard?;∎ I was in the middle of the ironing j'étais en plein repassage∎ he's got rather fat around the middle il a pris du ventre(a) (in the centre) du milieu;∎ the middle book/shelf le livre/l'étagère f du milieu;∎ she was the middle child of three elle était la deuxième de trois enfants;∎ figurative the middle course or way (happy medium) le juste milieu; (compromise) la solution intermédiaire;∎ figurative to steer a middle course adopter une position intermédiaire;∎ in the middle distance à mi-distance; (in picture) au second plan;∎ to gaze into the middle distance regarder dans le vague;∎ the middle path le chemin du milieu; figurative la voie de la modération∎ British of middle height de taille moyenne;∎ this car is in the middle price range cette voiture se situe dans un ordre de prix moyen;∎ the middle ranks of the civil service/party les échelons mpl intermédiaires de la fonction publique/du parti∎ Linguistics Middle Irish/French le moyen gaélique/français►► middle age la cinquantaine;∎ a man in middle age un homme d'un certain âge;∎ to reach middle age atteindre la cinquantaine;∎ in early middle age he… quand il avait la quarantaine, il…;∎ she's well into middle age elle a plus de cinquante ans;the Middle Ages le Moyen Âge m;∎ in the Middle Ages au Moyen Âge;∎ the early/late Middle Ages le haut/bas Moyen Âge;Middle America Geography Amérique f centrale; figurative (American middle class) l'Amérique f moyenne; pejorative l'Amérique f bien pensante;1 nounAméricain(e) m,f du Middle-West; figurative Américain(e) m,f moyen(enne)Geography du Middle-West; figurative de l'américain moyen;Music middle C do m inv du milieu du clavier;Anatomy middle ear oreille f moyenne;the Middle East le Moyen-Orient;∎ in the Middle East au Moyen-Orient;Middle Eastern moyen-oriental;Middle England l'Angleterre f moyenne (aux tendances conservatrices);pejorative Middle Englander Anglais(e) m,f moyen(enne);Linguistics Middle English le moyen anglais;middle finger majeur m, médius m;∎ to give sb the middle finger salute faire un doigt d'honneur à qn;Chess middle game milieu m de partie;∎ figurative to occupy the middle ground adopter une position de compromis;Linguistics Middle High German le moyen haut-allemand;Botany middle lamella lamelle f moyenne;middle management (UNCOUNT) cadres mpl moyens;middle manager cadre m moyen;middle name deuxième prénom m;∎ honesty is her middle name c'est l'honnêteté même;∎ laziness is his middle name c'est un incorrigible paresseux;∎ generosity isn't exactly his middle name! on ne peut pas dire qu'il soit particulièrement généreux;Stock Exchange middle price cours m moyen;middle school British = école pour enfants de 8 ou 9 à 13 ans; American = école pour enfants de 10 à 13 ans, ≃ collège m;British Law Middle Temple = association d'étudiants en droit et d'avocats, ainsi que les bâtiments londoniens où elle siège;Philosophy middle term moyen terme m (d'un syllogisme); -
3 pasar de moda
to go out of fashion* * *(v.) = drop out of + vogue, go out of + fashion, go out of + favour, go out of + date, go out of + vogue, fall out of + vogue, go out of + style, pass away, obsolesce, drop out of + circulationEx. As a word drops out of vogue, the concept that it represents will, with time, gradually be described by a new term.Ex. Sawn-in cords, giving flat spines, were common in the mid seventeenth century, but then went out of fashion until they were reintroduced in about 1760.Ex. The author follows the history through to the point, in the latter part of the nineteenth century, when mirror-image monograms went out of favour and were replaced by straightforward monograms.Ex. Information in the humanities does not readily go out of date.Ex. The name 'Canaan', never very popular, went out of vogue with the collapse of the Egyptian empire.Ex. He points out that these metaphors fell out of vogue in the early 1980s.Ex. While Gothic never went out of style in Britain, the Baroque came to be associated with the classical debased by the Industrial Revolution.Ex. These tools are useable for analytical studies of how technologies emerge, mature and pass away.Ex. The entire hardware of Western industrialism has been obsolesced and 'etherealized' by the new surround of electronic information services.Ex. Many songs that were once well-known but dropped out of circulation during the mid-20th century have become well known again in recent years.* * *(v.) = drop out of + vogue, go out of + fashion, go out of + favour, go out of + date, go out of + vogue, fall out of + vogue, go out of + style, pass away, obsolesce, drop out of + circulationEx: As a word drops out of vogue, the concept that it represents will, with time, gradually be described by a new term.
Ex: Sawn-in cords, giving flat spines, were common in the mid seventeenth century, but then went out of fashion until they were reintroduced in about 1760.Ex: The author follows the history through to the point, in the latter part of the nineteenth century, when mirror-image monograms went out of favour and were replaced by straightforward monograms.Ex: Information in the humanities does not readily go out of date.Ex: The name 'Canaan', never very popular, went out of vogue with the collapse of the Egyptian empire.Ex: He points out that these metaphors fell out of vogue in the early 1980s.Ex: While Gothic never went out of style in Britain, the Baroque came to be associated with the classical debased by the Industrial Revolution.Ex: These tools are useable for analytical studies of how technologies emerge, mature and pass away.Ex: The entire hardware of Western industrialism has been obsolesced and 'etherealized' by the new surround of electronic information services.Ex: Many songs that were once well-known but dropped out of circulation during the mid-20th century have become well known again in recent years. -
4 С-226
ВЫНОСИТЬ/ВЫНЕСТИ ЗА СКОБКИ что lit VP subj: human to separate a certain question, problem, occurrence etc from the context in which it belongsX вынес Y за скобки - X took Y out of contextX isolated Y (in limited contexts) Y was torn from (out of) (its) context.«Тезис личной судьбы - вот что ты не хочешь учесть в своих рассуждениях. На протяжении всех культур - греческой, египетской, европейской - он казался вынесенным за скобки, свободным от законов истории» (Каверин 2). "The thesis of personal destiny - that's what you leave out of account in your deliberations. In the course of every culture-Greek, Egyptian, European, it appears to have been torn out of its context and has not been subject to the laws of history" (2a). -
5 вынести за скобки
• ВЫНОСИТЬ/ВЫНЕСТИ ЗА СКОБКИ что lit[VP; subj: human]=====⇒ to separate a certain question, problem, occurrence etc from the context in which it belongs:- X isolated Y;- [in limited contexts] Y was torn from < out of> (its) context.♦ "Тезис личной судьбы - вот что ты не хочешь учесть в своих рассуждениях. На протяжении всех культур - греческой, египетской, европейской - он казался вынесенным за скобки, свободным от законов истории" (Каверин 2). "The thesis of personal destiny - that's what you leave out of account in your deliberations. In the course of every culture-Greek, Egyptian, European, it appears to have been torn out of its context and has not been subject to the laws of history" (2a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вынести за скобки
-
6 выносить за скобки
• ВЫНОСИТЬ/ВЫНЕСТИ ЗА СКОБКИ что lit[VP; subj: human]=====⇒ to separate a certain question, problem, occurrence etc from the context in which it belongs:- X isolated Y;- [in limited contexts] Y was torn from < out of> (its) context.♦ "Тезис личной судьбы - вот что ты не хочешь учесть в своих рассуждениях. На протяжении всех культур - греческой, египетской, европейской - он казался вынесенным за скобки, свободным от законов истории" (Каверин 2). "The thesis of personal destiny - that's what you leave out of account in your deliberations. In the course of every culture-Greek, Egyptian, European, it appears to have been torn out of its context and has not been subject to the laws of history" (2a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > выносить за скобки
-
7 livre
I.livre1 [livʀ]masculine noun► livre animé or pop-up pop-up bookII.livre2 [livʀ]feminine nounb. ( = monnaie) pound• ça coûte 6 livres it costs £6* * *
I livʀnom masculin1) ( volume publié) booklivre de chevet — lit bedside reading; fig bible
2) ( registre) book; ( de comptabilité) (account) book, ledger3) ( tome) book4) ( industrie)le livre, l'industrie du livre — the book trade
•Phrasal Verbs:
II livʀ1) ( monnaie) poundlivre irlandaise — Irish pound, punt
2) ( unité de masse) ( demi-kilo) half a kilo; ( anglo-saxonne) pound* * *livʀ1. nm1) (= roman, document) booklivre de cuisine — cookery book Grande-Bretagne cookbook
2) (= imprimerie, édition)le livre — the book industry, the book trade Grande-Bretagne
l'industrie du livre — the book industry, the book trade Grande-Bretagne
2. nf1) (= poids) pound2) (= monnaie) poundLe guide coûte trois livres. — The guide book costs £3.
* * *A nm1 ( volume publié) book; livre d'images/d'art picture/art book; livre pour enfants children's book; ne connaître qch que par les livres only to know about sth from books; à livre ouvert [traduire] off the cuff; religions du livre Bible-based religions; c'est mon livre de chevet lit it's my bedside reading; fig it's my bible;3 ( volume) book; un ouvrage en 12 livres a work in 12 books;4 ( industrie) l'industrie du livre the book industry ou trade GB; les métiers du livre trades within the book industry.B nf1 ⇒ L'argent et les monnaies ( monnaie) pound; livre sterling pound sterling; livre irlandaise Irish pound, punt;livre audio audiobook; livre blanc blue book; livre de bord logbook; livre de caisse cash book; livre de classe = livre scolaire; livre de comptes accounts book; livre de cuisine cookery book, cookbook; livre électronique e-book; livre de l'élève pupil's workbook; livre d'heures Book of Hours; livre de lecture reading book, reader; livre du maître teacher's book; livre de messe missal, mass book; livre d'or visitors' book; livre de poche® paperback; livre scolaire schoolbook, textbook; livre à succès bestseller.parler comme un livre to talk like a book; cela c'est passé comme dans les livres it was like something out of a book.[livr] nom masculin1. [œuvre, partie d'une œuvre] booklivre cartonné ou relié hardback (book)livre de grammaire/d'histoire grammar/history booklivre d'images/de prières picture/prayer booklivre de classe schoolbook, textbooklivre de messe hymnbook, missal2. [l'édition]3. [registre]4. POLITIQUE————————[livr] nom féminin1. [unité de poids] half a kilo ≃ poundlivre égyptienne/chypriote Egyptian/Cypriot poundlivre irlandaise Irish pound, puntà livre ouvert locution adverbiale -
8 Diu, Battle of
(1509)One of the more decisive battles in world maritime history, it ended for 100 years real threats to Portugal's command of the Indian Ocean and helped establish naval hegemony in the Indian Ocean. Portugal's first viceroy in Portuguese India, Francisco de Almeida, sailed his fleet into Diu harbor and engaged an Egyptian and Gujerati fleet. On 2 February 1509, Almeida's fleet and soldiers destroyed the Muslim fleet. After the battle, the Muslim powers were unable to challenge Portugal's maritime strength for a considerable period. Not long afterward, Portugal added Diu to its port conquests, and that enclave in India remained a possession of Portugal until the invasion of Nehru's Indian army in December 1961. -
9 Spode, Josiah
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1754 Stoke-on-Trent, Englandd. 16 July 1827 Penkhull, Staffordshire, England[br]English pottery inventor of bone china and ironstone.[br]After learning the potter's trade in his father's works, Spode set up in business on his own. He especially favoured blue-printed ware, in particular willow-pattern. He also improved the jasper, Egyptian black and cream ware that were produced by a number of potters at the time. He employed William Copeland, a traveller in the trade, to market his products and together they established a base in London. He later took Copeland into partnership to manage the London end of the business. In 1800 Spode began to make porcelain and introduced bone ash and feldspar into the paste, increasing the transparency of the ware; it came to be known as that most characteristically English of ware, bone china. In 1805 he introduced an opaque ware under the name of ironstone, much of which was exported to France, where it supplanted faience ware.The Prince of Wales visited Spode's pottery in 1806 and he was appointed a potter to the King. In 1812 Spode installed a steam-engine in his works and effected many other improvements. Spode was called "the most successful china manufacturer of his time"; this seems fair, for he won both fame and fortune.[br]Further ReadingA.Hayden, 1925, Spode and His Successors: A History of the Pottery 1765–2865, London.LRD -
10 Wenham, Francis Herbert
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1824 London, Englandd. 11 August 1908 Folkestone, England[br]English engineer, inventor and pioneer aerodynamicist who built the first wind tunnel.[br]Wenham trained as a marine engineer and later specialized in screw propellers and high-pressure engines. He had many interests. He took his steamboat to the Nile and assisted the photographer F.Frith to photograph Egyptian tombs by devising a series of mirrors to deflect sunlight into the dark recesses. He experimented with gas engines and produced a hot-air engine. Wenham was a leading, if controversial, figure in the Microscopical Society and a member of the Royal Photographic Society; he developed an enlarger.Wenham was interested in both mechanical and lighter-than-air flight. One of his friends was James Glaisher, a well-known balloonist who made many ascents to gather scientific information. When the (Royal) Aeronautical Society of Great Britain was founded in 1866, the Rules were drawn up by Wenham, Glaisher and the Honorary Secretary, F.W.Brearey. At the first meeting of the Society, on 27 June 1866, "On aerial locomotion and the laws by which heavy bodies impelled through the air are sustained" was read by Wenham. In his paper Wenham described his experiments with a whirling arm (used earlier by Cayley) to measure lift and drag on flat surfaces inclined at various angles of incidence. His studies of birds' wings and, in particular, their wing loading, showed that they derived most of their lift from the front portion, hence a long, thin wing was better than a short, wide one. He published illustrations of his glider designs covering his experiments of c. 1858–9. One of these had five slender wings one above the other, an idea later developed by Horatio Phillips. Wenham had some success with a model, but no real success with his full-size gliders.In 1871, Wenham and John Browning constructed the first wind tunnel designed for aeronautical research. It utilized a fan driven by a steam engine to propel the air and had a working section of 18 in. (116 cm). Wenham continued to play an important role in aeronautical matters for many years, including a lengthy exchange of ideas with Octave Chanute from 1892 onwards.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Member of the (Royal) Aeronautical Society.BibliographyWenham published many reports and papers. These are listed, together with a reprint of his paper "Aerial locomotion", in the Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (August 1958).Further ReadingTwo papers by J.Laurence Pritchard, 1957, "The dawn of aerodynamics" Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (March); 1958, "Francis Herbert Wenham", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (August) (both papers describe Wenham and his work).J.E.Hodgson, 1924, History of Aeronautics in Great Britain, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > Wenham, Francis Herbert
-
11 παρθένος
παρθένος, ου, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+, gener. of a young woman of marriageable age, w. or without focus on virginity; s. esp. PKöln VI, 245, 12 and ASP 31, ’91 p. 39) and ὁ (s. reff. in b) in our lit. one who has never engaged in sexual intercourse, virgin, chaste personⓐ female of marriageable age w. focus on virginity ἡ παρθένος Mt 25:1, 7, 11; 1 Cor 7:25 (FStrobel, NovT 2, ’58, 199–227), 28, 34; Pol 5:3; Hv 4, 2, 1; Hs 9, 1, 2; 9, 2, 3; 5; 9, 3, 2; 4f; 9, 4, 3; 5f; 8 al.; AcPl Ox 6, 16 (cp. Aa I 241, 15); GJs 13:1. After Is 7:14 (הָעַלְמָה הָרָה; on this ASchulz, BZ 23, ’35, 229–41; WBrownlee, The Mng. of Qumran for the Bible, esp. Is, ’64, 274–81) Mt 1:23 (cp. Menand., Sicyonius 372f παρθένος γʼ ἔτι, ἄπειρος ἀνδρός). Of Mary also Lk 1:27ab; GJs 9:1; 10:1; 15:2; 16:1; 19:3; ISm 1:1 and prob. Dg 12:8 (the idea that the spirit of a god could father a child by a woman, specifically a virgin, was not foreign to Egyptian religion: Plut. Numa 62 [4, 6], Mor. 718ab; Philo, Cher. 43–50 [on this ENorden, D. Geburt des Kindes 78–90; ELeach, Genesis as Myth, and Other Essays ’69, 85–112; RBrown, The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus ’73, 62, esp. n. 104; idem, The Birth of the Messiah ’77, 522f, esp. n. 17]. S. further the lit. on Ἰωσήφ 4 and OBardenhewer, Mariä Verkündigung 1905; EPetersen, Die wunderbare Geburt des Heilandes 1909; HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest2 1911; ASteinmann, D. jungfräul. Geburt des Herrn3 1926, D. Jungfrauengeburt u. die vergl. Religionsgeschichte 1919; GBox, The Virgin Birth of Jesus 1916; OCrain, The Credibility of the Virgin Birth 1925; JMachen, The Virgin Birth of Christ2 ’32 [on this FKattenbusch, StKr 102, 1930, 454–74]; EWorcester, Studies in the Birth of Our Lord ’32; KSchmidt, D. jungfrl. Geb. J. Chr.: ThBl 14, ’35, 289–97; FSteinmetzer, Empfangen v. Hl. Geist ’38; RBratcher, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 98–125 [Heb., LXX, Mt]; TBoslooper, The Virg. Birth ’62; HvCampenhausen, D. Jungfrauengeburt in d. Theol. d. alten Kirche ’62; JMeier, A Marginal Jew I, ’91, 205–52 [lit.].—RCooke, Did Paul Know the Virg. Birth? 1927; PBotz, D. Jungfrausch. Mariens im NT u. in der nachap. Zeit, diss. Tüb. ’34; DEdwards, The Virg. Birth in History and Faith ’43.—Clemen2 114–21; ENorden, D. Geburt des Kindes2 ’31; MDibelius, Jungfrauensohn u. Krippenkind ’32; HMerklein, Studien zu Jesus und Paulus [WUNT 105] ’98; in gener., RBrown, The Birth of the Messiah ’77, 133–63, esp. 147–49. As a contrast to Dibelius’ Hellenistic emphasis s. OMichel and OBetz, Beih., ZNW 26, ’60, 3–23, on Qumran parallels.). Of the daughters of Philip παρθένοι προφητεύουσαι Ac 21:9. Of virgins who were admitted to the church office of ‘widows’ ISm 13:1 (s. AJülicher, PM 22, 1918, 111f. Differently LZscharnack, Der Dienst der Frau 1902, 105 ff).—On 1 Cor 7:36–38 s. γαμίζω 1 and s. also PKetter, Trierer Theol. Ztschr. 56, ’47, 175–82 (παρθ. often means [virgin] daughter: Apollon. Rhod. 3, 86 παρθ. Αἰήτεω and the scholion on this has the following note: παρθένον ἀντὶ τοῦ θυγατέρα; Lycophron vss. 1141, 1175; Diod S 8, 6, 2; 16, 55, 3; 20, 84, 3 [pl. beside υἱοί]. Likewise Theod. Prodr. 1, 293 H. τὴν σὴν παρθένον=‘your virgin daughter’; in 3, 332 τ. ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον refers to one’s ‘sweetheart’; likew. 6, 466, as well as the fact that παρθ. can mean simply ‘girl’ [e.g. Paus. 8, 20, 4]). On Jewish gravestones ‘of age, but not yet married’ CIJ I, 117. RSeeboldt, Spiritual Marriage in the Early Church, CTM 30, ’59, 103–19; 176–86.—In imagery: the Corinthian congregation as παρθένος ἁγνή (ἁγνός a) 2 Cor 11:2 (on this subj. s. FConybeare, Die jungfräul. Kirche u. die jungfräul. Mutter: ARW 8, 1905, 373ff; 9, 1906, 73ff; Cumont3 283, 33).—ἡ τοιαύτη παρθένος AcPl Ox 6, 15f (of Thecla; cp. Aa I 241, 15 ἡ τοιαύτη αἰδὼς τῆς παρθένου).ⓑ male virgin ὁ παρθένος virgin, chaste man (CIG IV, 8784b; JosAs 8:1 uses π. of Joseph; Pel.-Leg. 27, 1 uses it of Abel; Suda of Abel and Melchizedek; Nonnus of the apostle John, who is also called ‘virgo’ in the Monarchian Prologues [Kl. T. 12 1908, p. 13, 13]) Rv 14:4 (on topical relation to 1 En 15:2–7 al., s. DOlson, CBQ 59, ’97, 492–510).—JFord, The Mng. of ‘Virgin’, NTS 12, ’66, 293–99.—B. 90. New Docs 4, 224–27. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.
См. также в других словарях:
Egyptian astronomy — begins in prehistoric times. The presence of stone circles at Nabta Playa dating from the 5th millennium BCE, show the importance of astronomy to the religious life of Egypt even in the prehistoric period. The annual flooding of the Nile meant… … Wikipedia
History of ancient Egypt — The History of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early predynastic settlements of the northern Nile Valley to the Roman conquest in 30 BC. The Pharaonic Period is dated from around 3150 BC, when Lower and Upper Egypt became a unified state … Wikipedia
Egyptian Museum — For other uses, see Egyptian Museum (disambiguation). Coordinates: 30°02′52″N 31°14′00″E / 30.047778°N 31.233333°E / 30.047778; 3 … Wikipedia
Egyptian pyramids — The Egyptian pyramids are pyramid shaped structures located in Egypt, and were built as a tomb for dead pharaohs. There are over 100 Egyptian pyramids, most of which were built during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.Michael Ritter (2003) [http … Wikipedia
Egyptian chronology — The creation of a reliable chronology of Ancient Egypt is a task fraught with problems. While the overwhelming majority of Egyptologists agree on the outline and many of the details of a common chronology, disagreements either individually or in… … Wikipedia
Egyptian pyramid construction techniques — There have been many hypotheses about the Egyptian pyramid construction techniques. The construction techniques seem to have developed over time; the earliest pyramids were built in different ways than later ones. Most of the construction… … Wikipedia
Egyptian calendar — The ancient civil Egyptian calendar had a year that was 360 days long and was divided into 12 months of 30 days each, plus five extra days (epagomenae, from Greek ἐπαγόμεναι) at the end of the year. The months were divided into three weeks of ten … Wikipedia
Egyptian Revolution of 1952 — The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 ( ar. ثورة 23 يوليو 1952), also known as the July 23 Revolution, began with a military coup d état that took place on July 23, 1952 by a group of young army officers who named themselves The Free Officers Movement … Wikipedia
History of Egypt — The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. The Nile valley forms a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the east and west by deserts, to the north by the sea and to the… … Wikipedia
Egyptian Revolution of 1919 — The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 was a countrywide non violent revolution against the British occupation of Egypt. It was carried out by Egyptians from different walks of life in the wake of the British ordered exile of revolutionary leader Saad… … Wikipedia
History of Ottoman Egypt — Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Egypt was always a difficult province for the Ottoman Sultans to control. It remained dominated by the semi autonomous Mameluks until it was conquered by the French in 1798. After the French were … Wikipedia