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(at+hand)

  • 41 praestō

        praestō adv.    [for * praesito, P. abl. of * prae-sino], at hand, ready, present, here: Ipsum praesto video, T.: domi Praesto apud me esse, T.: togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt: praesto est enim acerba memoria, always with me, L.: ubi est frater? Chaer. Praesto adest, T.— At hand, serviceable, helpful: Macroni vix videor praesto.—Usu. in the phrase, praesto esse, to be at hand, attend, wait upon, serve, aid, be helpful: praesto esse clientem tuum?: ius civile didicit, praesto multis fuit: saluti tuae praesto esse: ut ad omnia, quae tui velint, ita sim praesto, ut, etc. —With esse, to be in the way, meet, resist, oppose: quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt.
    * * *
    I
    at hand, ready
    II
    praestare, praestavi, praestatus V
    excel, exhibit; keep; perform, discharge, fulfill
    III
    praestare, praestiti, praestitus V
    excel, exhibit; keep; perform, discharge, fulfill

    Latin-English dictionary > praestō

  • 42 trādō

        trādō (old also trānsdō, T.), didī, ditus, ere    [trans+do], to give up, hand over, deliver, transmit, surrender, consign: ut arma per manūs necessario traderentur, Cs.: se hostibus, Cs.: nominare cui poculum tradituri sint: pecuniam regiam quaestoribus, L.: pueros magistris, O.: testamentum tibi legendum, H.: urbem, L.: armis traditis, Cs.: transdere hominem in otium, i. e. drive, T.— To deliver, commit, intrust, confide: ei te: totum denique hominem tibi: hos (obsides) Aeduis custodiendos tradit, Cs.— To surrender treacherously, betray: causam advorsariis, T.: quos tradituros sperabas, vides iudicare.—Fig., to give up, surrender, hand over, deliver, intrust: quae dicam memoriae: possessionem Galliae sibi, Cs.: Vercassivellauno summa imperi traditur, Cs.: tristitiam et metūs Tradam protervis in mare Portare ventis, H.—With pron reflex., to give oneself up, yield, surrender, devote oneself: se totos voluptatibus: te in disciplinam meam.— To make over, transmit, leave, bequeath (cf. lēgo): posteris inimicitias: traditumque inde fertur, ut in senatum vocarentur, it is said that from this arose the custom, etc., L.— To hand down, transmit, pass on, relate, narrate, recount: hunc (clamorem) excipere et proxumis tradere, Cs.: pugnae memoriam posteris, L.: ipsum regem tradunt... operatum iis sacris se abdidisse, L.: qui (Aristides) unus omnium iustissimus fuisse traditur: sic enim est traditum, such is the tradition: ut Isocratem dixisse traditum est: convertentem se... traditur memoriae cecidisse, L.—Of a teacher, to deliver, propose, propound, teach: ea, quae dialectici nunc tradunt et docent: ad omnia imitanda, quae ab quoque traduntur, Cs.: virtutem hominibus: multa de sideribus iuventuti, Cs.
    * * *
    tradere, tradidi, traditus V
    hand over, surrender; deliver; bequeath; relate

    Latin-English dictionary > trādō

  • 43 aliquid

    ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

    oftener aliquis,

    id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).
    I.
    A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

    Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

    utinam modo agatur aliquid!

    Cic. Att. 3, 15:

    aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

    I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

    fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

    quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

    id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

    quod motum adfert alicui,

    to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

    nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

    any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

    non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

    Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

    in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

    Quint. 4, 2, 67:

    sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

    Tac. Or. 25:

    laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

    Quint. 2, 4, 12:

    quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

    nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

    Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

    Ov. M. 10, 560:

    si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

    id. ib. 4, 326.—
    B.
    Not unfrequently with adj.:

    Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

    novum aliquid advertere,

    Tac. A. 15, 30:

    judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

    in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

    dignum aliquid elaborare,

    Tac. Or. 9:

    aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

    Liv. 27, 43:

    aliquid exquisitum,

    Tac. A. 12, 66:

    aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

    id. Or. 20:

    sanctum aliquid et providum,

    id. G. 8:

    insigne aliquid faceret eis,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

    aliquid magnum,

    Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

    quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

    Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

    majus aliquid et excelsius,

    Tac. A. 3, 53:

    melius aliquid,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

    deterius aliquid,

    ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

    ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

    effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

    aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

    id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

    cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

    that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—
    C.
    Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    Cic. Cael. 3:

    aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

    Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

    ex principibus aliquis,

    Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

    aliquis de tribus nobis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

    si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

    suorum aliquis,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

    exspectabam aliquem meorum,

    id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

    trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

    Cic. Part. 8, 30:

    impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

    Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

    principum aliquis,

    Tac. G. 13:

    cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

    Liv. 22, 13:

    horum aliquid,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—
    D.
    Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

    aliquid pugnae,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

    vestimenti aridi,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

    consilii,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

    monstri,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

    scitamentorum,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

    armorum,

    Tac. G. 18:

    boni,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

    aequi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

    mali,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

    novi,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

    potionis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

    virium,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

    falsi,

    id. Caecin. 1, 3:

    vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1:

    mdefensi,

    Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

    aliquo loci morari,

    Dig. 18, 7, 1.—
    E.
    Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

    asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

    id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

    non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—
    F.
    In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

    si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

    Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

    si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

    si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

    Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

    si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

    si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

    id. Fam. 14, 1:

    nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

    si aliquid eorum praestitit,

    Liv. 24, 8.—
    G.
    In negative clauses with ne:

    Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

    Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

    ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

    ne alicui dicerent,

    Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—
    H.
    In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

    me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—
    I.
    In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

    Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

    Verg. A. 4, 625.
    In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.
    aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

    nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

    Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

    num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

    ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

    id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

    si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

    Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

    sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

    id. ib. 39 id.:

    sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

    id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

    dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

    Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

    ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

    non est in alio aliquo salus,

    Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

    aliquid aliud promittere,

    Petr. 10, 5 al. —
    B.
    And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

    vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

    Cic. Brut. 44:

    aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

    Liv. 34, 38:

    cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

    et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

    Suet. Tib. 47.—
    C.
    In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

    non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

    Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,
    1.
    Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

    atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

    aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

    exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

    Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

    ego quoque aliquid sum,

    id. Fam. 6, 18:

    qui videbantur aliquid esse,

    Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

    sed, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

    est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

    Ov. F. 6, 27:

    Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

    id. M. 13, 241:

    est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

    Juv. 3, 230:

    omina sunt aliquid,

    Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

    crimen abesse,

    id. F. 1, 484:

    Sunt aliquid Manes,

    Prop. 5, 7, 1:

    est aliquid eloquentia,

    Quint. 1, prooem. fin.
    2.
    Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

    diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

    Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—
    3.
    In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

    mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—
    D.
    Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

    idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

    Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—
    E.
    Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

    7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

    Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—
    F.
    It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

    praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

    sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—
    G.
    Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

    Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

    Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

    illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

    si in me aliquid offendistis,

    at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

    quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

    somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

    Liv. 31, 29:

    Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

    Verg. A. 10, 84:

    neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

    Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

    perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

    Liv. 41, 2:

    aliquid et spatio fessus,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—
    B.
    ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).
    1.
    Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

    ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

    aliquo abicere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

    concludere,

    id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

    ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

    demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

    id. Dom. 100:

    aliquem aliquo impellere,

    id. Vatin. 15:

    aliquo exire,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

    aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

    Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

    in angulum Aliquo abire,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

    aliquem rus aliquo educere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

    dum proficiscor aliquo,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

    at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

    id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

    si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—
    C.
    ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.
    1.
    Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).
    a.
    Absol.:

    ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

    Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

    Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

    in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

    Nep. Con. 5, 3;

    id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

    Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—
    b.
    Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

    pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

    Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

    quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

    controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

    ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—
    * c.
    With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

    exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 82. —
    d.
    Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

    Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

    Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

    deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

    Mel. 1, 13.—
    2.
    Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

    sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

    aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

    App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

    sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

    App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

    aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

    Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—
    D.
    ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).
    1.
    Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

    antevenito aliquā aliquos,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

    si quā evasissent aliquā,

    Liv. 26, 27, 12.—
    2.
    Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

    aliquid aliquā sentire,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

    aliquid aliquā resciscere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

    aliquā obesse,

    App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—
    E.
    ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

    Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.
    The forms aliqua, neutr.
    plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aliquid

  • 44 aliquis

    ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

    oftener aliquis,

    id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).
    I.
    A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

    Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

    utinam modo agatur aliquid!

    Cic. Att. 3, 15:

    aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

    I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

    fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

    quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

    id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

    quod motum adfert alicui,

    to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

    nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

    any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

    non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

    Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

    in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

    Quint. 4, 2, 67:

    sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

    Tac. Or. 25:

    laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

    Quint. 2, 4, 12:

    quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

    nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

    Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

    Ov. M. 10, 560:

    si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

    id. ib. 4, 326.—
    B.
    Not unfrequently with adj.:

    Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

    novum aliquid advertere,

    Tac. A. 15, 30:

    judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

    in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

    dignum aliquid elaborare,

    Tac. Or. 9:

    aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

    Liv. 27, 43:

    aliquid exquisitum,

    Tac. A. 12, 66:

    aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

    id. Or. 20:

    sanctum aliquid et providum,

    id. G. 8:

    insigne aliquid faceret eis,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

    aliquid magnum,

    Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

    quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

    Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

    majus aliquid et excelsius,

    Tac. A. 3, 53:

    melius aliquid,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

    deterius aliquid,

    ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

    ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

    effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

    aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

    id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

    cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

    that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—
    C.
    Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    Cic. Cael. 3:

    aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

    Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

    ex principibus aliquis,

    Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

    aliquis de tribus nobis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

    si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

    suorum aliquis,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

    exspectabam aliquem meorum,

    id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

    trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

    Cic. Part. 8, 30:

    impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

    Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

    principum aliquis,

    Tac. G. 13:

    cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

    Liv. 22, 13:

    horum aliquid,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—
    D.
    Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

    aliquid pugnae,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

    vestimenti aridi,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

    consilii,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

    monstri,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

    scitamentorum,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

    armorum,

    Tac. G. 18:

    boni,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

    aequi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

    mali,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

    novi,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

    potionis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

    virium,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

    falsi,

    id. Caecin. 1, 3:

    vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1:

    mdefensi,

    Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

    aliquo loci morari,

    Dig. 18, 7, 1.—
    E.
    Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

    asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

    id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

    non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—
    F.
    In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

    si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

    Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

    si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

    si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

    Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

    si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

    si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

    id. Fam. 14, 1:

    nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

    si aliquid eorum praestitit,

    Liv. 24, 8.—
    G.
    In negative clauses with ne:

    Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

    Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

    ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

    ne alicui dicerent,

    Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—
    H.
    In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

    me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—
    I.
    In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

    Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

    Verg. A. 4, 625.
    In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.
    aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

    nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

    Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

    num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

    ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

    id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

    si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

    Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

    sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

    id. ib. 39 id.:

    sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

    id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

    dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

    Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

    ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

    non est in alio aliquo salus,

    Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

    aliquid aliud promittere,

    Petr. 10, 5 al. —
    B.
    And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

    vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

    Cic. Brut. 44:

    aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

    Liv. 34, 38:

    cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

    et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

    Suet. Tib. 47.—
    C.
    In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

    non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

    Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,
    1.
    Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

    atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

    aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

    exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

    Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

    ego quoque aliquid sum,

    id. Fam. 6, 18:

    qui videbantur aliquid esse,

    Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

    sed, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

    est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

    Ov. F. 6, 27:

    Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

    id. M. 13, 241:

    est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

    Juv. 3, 230:

    omina sunt aliquid,

    Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

    crimen abesse,

    id. F. 1, 484:

    Sunt aliquid Manes,

    Prop. 5, 7, 1:

    est aliquid eloquentia,

    Quint. 1, prooem. fin.
    2.
    Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

    diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

    Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—
    3.
    In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

    mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—
    D.
    Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

    idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

    Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—
    E.
    Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

    7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

    Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—
    F.
    It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

    praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

    sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—
    G.
    Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

    Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

    Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

    illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

    si in me aliquid offendistis,

    at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

    quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

    somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

    Liv. 31, 29:

    Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

    Verg. A. 10, 84:

    neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

    Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

    perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

    Liv. 41, 2:

    aliquid et spatio fessus,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—
    B.
    ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).
    1.
    Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

    ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

    aliquo abicere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

    concludere,

    id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

    ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

    demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

    id. Dom. 100:

    aliquem aliquo impellere,

    id. Vatin. 15:

    aliquo exire,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

    aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

    Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

    in angulum Aliquo abire,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

    aliquem rus aliquo educere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

    dum proficiscor aliquo,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

    at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

    id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

    si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—
    C.
    ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.
    1.
    Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).
    a.
    Absol.:

    ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

    Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

    Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

    in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

    Nep. Con. 5, 3;

    id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

    Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—
    b.
    Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

    pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

    Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

    quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

    controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

    ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—
    * c.
    With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

    exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 82. —
    d.
    Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

    Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

    Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

    deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

    Mel. 1, 13.—
    2.
    Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

    sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

    aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

    App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

    sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

    App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

    aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

    Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—
    D.
    ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).
    1.
    Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

    antevenito aliquā aliquos,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

    si quā evasissent aliquā,

    Liv. 26, 27, 12.—
    2.
    Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

    aliquid aliquā sentire,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

    aliquid aliquā resciscere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

    aliquā obesse,

    App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—
    E.
    ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

    Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.
    The forms aliqua, neutr.
    plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aliquis

  • 45 aliquod

    ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

    oftener aliquis,

    id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).
    I.
    A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

    Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

    utinam modo agatur aliquid!

    Cic. Att. 3, 15:

    aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

    I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

    fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

    quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

    id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

    quod motum adfert alicui,

    to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

    nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

    any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

    non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

    Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

    in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

    Quint. 4, 2, 67:

    sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

    Tac. Or. 25:

    laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

    Quint. 2, 4, 12:

    quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

    nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

    Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

    Ov. M. 10, 560:

    si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

    id. ib. 4, 326.—
    B.
    Not unfrequently with adj.:

    Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

    novum aliquid advertere,

    Tac. A. 15, 30:

    judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

    in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

    dignum aliquid elaborare,

    Tac. Or. 9:

    aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

    Liv. 27, 43:

    aliquid exquisitum,

    Tac. A. 12, 66:

    aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

    id. Or. 20:

    sanctum aliquid et providum,

    id. G. 8:

    insigne aliquid faceret eis,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

    aliquid magnum,

    Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

    quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

    Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

    majus aliquid et excelsius,

    Tac. A. 3, 53:

    melius aliquid,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

    deterius aliquid,

    ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

    ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

    effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

    aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

    id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

    cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

    that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—
    C.
    Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    Cic. Cael. 3:

    aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

    Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

    ex principibus aliquis,

    Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

    aliquis de tribus nobis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

    si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

    suorum aliquis,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

    exspectabam aliquem meorum,

    id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

    trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

    Cic. Part. 8, 30:

    impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

    Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

    principum aliquis,

    Tac. G. 13:

    cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

    Liv. 22, 13:

    horum aliquid,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—
    D.
    Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

    aliquid pugnae,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

    vestimenti aridi,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

    consilii,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

    monstri,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

    scitamentorum,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

    armorum,

    Tac. G. 18:

    boni,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

    aequi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

    mali,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

    novi,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

    potionis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

    virium,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

    falsi,

    id. Caecin. 1, 3:

    vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1:

    mdefensi,

    Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

    aliquo loci morari,

    Dig. 18, 7, 1.—
    E.
    Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

    asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

    id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

    non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—
    F.
    In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

    si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

    Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

    si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

    si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

    Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

    si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

    si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

    id. Fam. 14, 1:

    nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

    si aliquid eorum praestitit,

    Liv. 24, 8.—
    G.
    In negative clauses with ne:

    Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

    Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

    ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

    ne alicui dicerent,

    Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—
    H.
    In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

    me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—
    I.
    In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

    Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

    Verg. A. 4, 625.
    In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.
    aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

    nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

    Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

    num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

    ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

    id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

    si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

    Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

    sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

    id. ib. 39 id.:

    sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

    id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

    dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

    Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

    ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

    non est in alio aliquo salus,

    Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

    aliquid aliud promittere,

    Petr. 10, 5 al. —
    B.
    And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

    vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

    Cic. Brut. 44:

    aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

    Liv. 34, 38:

    cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

    et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

    Suet. Tib. 47.—
    C.
    In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

    non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

    Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,
    1.
    Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

    atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

    aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

    exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

    Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

    ego quoque aliquid sum,

    id. Fam. 6, 18:

    qui videbantur aliquid esse,

    Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

    sed, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

    est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

    Ov. F. 6, 27:

    Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

    id. M. 13, 241:

    est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

    Juv. 3, 230:

    omina sunt aliquid,

    Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

    crimen abesse,

    id. F. 1, 484:

    Sunt aliquid Manes,

    Prop. 5, 7, 1:

    est aliquid eloquentia,

    Quint. 1, prooem. fin.
    2.
    Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

    diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

    Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—
    3.
    In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

    mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—
    D.
    Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

    idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

    Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—
    E.
    Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

    7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

    Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—
    F.
    It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

    praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

    sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—
    G.
    Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

    Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

    Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

    illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

    si in me aliquid offendistis,

    at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

    quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

    somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

    Liv. 31, 29:

    Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

    Verg. A. 10, 84:

    neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

    Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

    perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

    Liv. 41, 2:

    aliquid et spatio fessus,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—
    B.
    ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).
    1.
    Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

    ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

    aliquo abicere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

    concludere,

    id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

    ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

    demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

    id. Dom. 100:

    aliquem aliquo impellere,

    id. Vatin. 15:

    aliquo exire,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

    aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

    Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

    in angulum Aliquo abire,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

    aliquem rus aliquo educere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

    dum proficiscor aliquo,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

    at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

    id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

    si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—
    C.
    ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.
    1.
    Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).
    a.
    Absol.:

    ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

    Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

    Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

    in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

    Nep. Con. 5, 3;

    id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

    Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—
    b.
    Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

    pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

    Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

    quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

    controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

    ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—
    * c.
    With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

    exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 82. —
    d.
    Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

    Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

    Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

    deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

    Mel. 1, 13.—
    2.
    Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

    sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

    aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

    App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

    sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

    App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

    aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

    Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—
    D.
    ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).
    1.
    Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

    antevenito aliquā aliquos,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

    si quā evasissent aliquā,

    Liv. 26, 27, 12.—
    2.
    Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

    aliquid aliquā sentire,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

    aliquid aliquā resciscere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

    aliquā obesse,

    App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—
    E.
    ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

    Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.
    The forms aliqua, neutr.
    plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aliquod

  • 46 Alius

    1.
    Ālĭus (better Ālĕus), a, um, adj., = Elius (v. Alis and Elis), Elian; subst., a native of Elis, a town in Achaia (only a few times in Plaut. Capt.):

    postquam belligerant Aetoli cum Aleis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 24; 27; 2, 2, 30.
    2.
    ălĭus, a, ud, adj. and subst. (old form, alis, alid, after the analogy of quis, quid:

    alis rare,

    Cat. 66, 28; Sall. ap. Charis, 2, p. 133; Inscr. Orell. 2488:

    alid more freq.,

    Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 257; 5, 1305; 5, 1456; Cat. 29, 15; cf. Prisc. 13, p. 959.— Gen. sing. masc.: alius, rare, and not used by Tac.; for which alterius is com. used (v. alter); also alii, Cato and Licin. ap. Prisc. 194 P.; Varr. R. R. 1, 2.— Fem. gen.:

    aliae,

    Lucr. 3, 918; Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30; Liv. 24, 27, 8; Gell. 2, 28, 1; Capito ap. Gell. 4, 10, 8.— Masc. dat.:

    ali,

    Lucr. 6, 1226:

    alio,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 13. — Fem. dat.:

    aliae,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; Gell. 9, 4, 8) [cf. allos; Osc. allo ( nom. sing. fem.); Goth. alis; Erse, aile; O. H. Germ. alles, elles ( conj.); Engl. else], another, [p. 90] other (i. e. of many, whereas alter is one of two, v. exceptt. under II. G.); freq. with the indef. pronn. aliquis, quis, aliqui, qui, quidam, and the interrog. quis, qui, etc.
    I.
    A.. In gen.:

    eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales... multi alii ex Troja strenui viri,

    Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 16:

    alios multos,

    Vulg. Matt. 15, 30; ib. Marc. 7, 4:

    plures alios,

    ib. ib. 12, 5:

    cum aliis pluribus,

    ib. Act. 15, 35:

    an ita dissolvit, ut omnes alii dissolverunt?

    Cic. Font. 1; Tac. H. 5, 5:

    dum aliud aliquid flagiti conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    nec nobis praeter med alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 244:

    nec quisquam alius affuit,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 269:

    panem vel aliud quidquam,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 3, 35. utrum hanc actionem habebis an aliam quampiam; Cic. Caecin. 37:

    quidquid aliud dare,

    Vulg. Lev. 22, 25:

    ALIS NE POTESTO,

    Inscr. Orell. 2488:

    datum Mi esse ab dis aliis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 12:

    adulescentulo in alio occupato amore,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

    aut aliae cujus desiderium insideat rei,

    Lucr. 3, 918:

    ne quam aliam quaerat copiam,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54:

    nisi quid pater ait aliud,

    id. And. 5, 4, 47:

    si verum est, Q. Fabium Labeonem seu quem alium arbitrum a senatu datum, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33:

    quodcumque alid auget,

    Lucr. 5, 257:

    Est alius quidam, parasitaster paululus,

    Ter. Ad. 5. 2, 4; so Vulg. Luc. 22, 59:

    tuo (judicio) stabis, si aliud quoddam est tuum,

    Cic. Or. 71, 237:

    L. Aemilius alius vir erat,

    Liv. 44, 18:

    Genus ecce aliud discriminis audi,

    Juv. 12, 24:

    alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit,

    Cic. Verr. 5, 117; Tac. Agr. 39:

    nemo alius,

    Cic. Pis. 94; Vulg. Joan. 15, 24:

    alius nemo,

    Cic. Quinct. 76:

    plus alimenti est in pane quam in ullo alio,

    Cels. 2, 18:

    aliud esse causae suspicamur,

    Cic. Fl. 39:

    Anne aliud tunc praefecti?

    Juv. 4, 78:

    estne viris reliqui aliud,

    Sall. Fragm. 187, 19:

    aliud auxilii,

    Tac. A. 5, 8:

    aliud subsidii,

    id. ib. 12, 46:

    alia honorum,

    id. ib. 1, 9:

    alia sumptuum,

    id. ib. 15, 15:

    sunt alia quae magis timeam,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 29: Facete is quidem, sicut alia, many other things, id. Fin. 1, 3, 7 Madv.:

    haec aliaque,

    Tac. H. 3, 51 al. —

    Hence, alio die, t. t. of the soothsayer, when he wished the Comitia postponed to another day, on the pretence of unfavorable omens: quid gravius quam rem susceptam dirimi, si unus augur alio die dixerit?

    Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Phil. 2, 33, 83 and 84 Wernsd. Perh. there is a reference to the same thing in Plaut. Poen. 2, 52: ita res divina mihi fuit: res serias omnes extollo ex hoc die in alium diem.—With aliquis, quisquam, or ullus implied (cf. aliqui, V. B., and aliquis, II. B.):

    ut, etiam si aliud melius fuit, tamen legatorum reditum exspectetis,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 6:

    utar post alio, si invenero melius,

    something else, id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; so,

    si in aliud tempus differetur,

    Caes. B C. 1, 86:

    an alium exspectamus?

    Vulg. Matt. 11, 3; ib. Marc. 4, 36:

    siti magis quam alia re accenditur,

    Sall. J. 89, 5:

    neque sex legiones alia de causa missas in Hispaniam,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

    neque creatura alia poterit nos separare,

    Vulg. Rom. 8, 39.
    Instances of the rare gen.
    alius:

    alius generis bestiae,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Varr. L. L. 9, 40, 67 dub.:

    alius ingenii,

    Liv. 1, 56, 7 Madv. by conj.:

    alius ordinis,

    Amm. 30, 5, 10:

    artificis aliusve,

    Front. Controv. Agr. 2, 40, 27:

    alius coloris,

    Non. p. 450:

    nomine vel ejus pro quo... aut alius qui, etc.,

    Dig. 39, 2, 24, § 6; v. aliusmodi.—
    B.
    In comparisons, with atque, ac, or et, more rarely with nisi and quam; with the latter, in good class. authors, only when preceded by a neg. clause, or by an interrog. implying a neg.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; instead of quam, the comp. abl. or praeter, and similar words, sometimes appear, other than, different from, etc.
    (α).
    With atque, ac, or et:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35:

    alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 13:

    potest non solum aliud mihi ac tibi, sed mihi ipsi aliud alias videri,

    Cic. Or. 71, 237:

    longe alia nobis ac tu scripseras nuntiantur,

    id. Att. 11, 10:

    res alio modo est ac putatur,

    id. Inv. 2, 6, 21 B. and K.:

    qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum gerere coeperunt,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    non alius essem atque nunc sum,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9:

    longe aliam esse navigationem in concluso mari atque in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano perspiciebant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 9: aliud (se) esse facturum ac pronunciasset, Nep. Ages. 3, 4:

    alia atque antea sentiret,

    id. Hann. 2, 2:

    lux longe alia est solis et lychnorum,

    is very different, Cic. Cael. 28.—
    (β).
    With nisi or quam (the latter is suspicious in Cic.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 252; Orell. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75):

    amare autem nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

    nothing else than, only, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

    neque ulla fuit causa intermissionis epistularum nisi quod, etc.,

    id. Fam. 7, 13:

    erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

    id. de Or. 2, 12:

    Quid est aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut, etc.?

    id. Phil. 8, 3:

    nihil aliud agerem, nisi eum, qui accusatus esset, defenderem,

    id. Sull. 12; id. Att. 5, 10:

    quid est aliud Gigantum modo bellare cum dis nisi naturae repugnare?

    id. Sen. 2, 5; id. Sex. Rosc. 19, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

    pinaster nihil aliud est quam pinus silvestris,

    Plin. 16, 10; Nep. Arist. 2, 2; id. Paus. 1, 4:

    Lysander nihil aliud molitus est quam ut omnes civitates in sua teneret potestate,

    id. Lys. 1, 4:

    neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps,

    id. Eum. 1, 2:

    Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine quam quod Illi marmoreum caput est, etc.,

    Juv. 8, 54.—Hence, nihil aliud nisi or quam, = ouden allo ê, followed by finite verb, nothing else than, nothing but, only (after these words, fecit, factum est may be supplied, or the phraseology changed to nulla alia re facta; cf. Matth. Gr. 903; Hoogev. ad Vig. p. 475;

    Kuhn. Gr. Gr. II. p. 825): tribunatus P. Sestii nihil aliud nisi meum nomen causamque sustinuit,

    Cic. Sest. 6, 13:

    ut nihil aliud nisi de hoste ac de laude cogitet,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; Liv. 2, 8:

    et hostes quidem nihil aliud (i. e. nulla alia re facta) quam perfusis vano timore Romanis citato agmine abeunt,

    id. 2, 63; 31, 24:

    sed ab lictore nihil aliud quam prehendere prohibito, cum conversus in Patres impetus esset,

    id. 2, 29:

    ut domo abditus nihil aliud quam per edicta obnuntiaret,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    mox nihil aliud quam vectabatur et deambulabat,

    id. Aug. 83.—So, quid aliud quam? what other thing than? what else than? quibus quid aliud quam admonemus cives nos eorum esse, Liv. 4, 3:

    quid aliud quam ad bellum vocabantur?

    Flor. 3, 23 med.; so,

    Quid Tullius? Anne aliud quam sidus?

    Juv. 7, 199.—In affirmative-clauses rare, and only post-Aug.:

    te alia omnia, quam quae velis, agere, moleste ferrem,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 15, 2:

    quod alium quam se cooptassent,

    Suet. Ner. 2 al. —So, with the simple interrogative, quis alius? quid aliud? Qui, malum, alii? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

    Quid te aliud sollicitat?

    id. ib. 1, 2, 82:

    Quid aliud tibi vis?

    id. Heaut. 2, 3, 90:

    Numquid vis aliud?

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 111:

    Sed quis nunc alius audet praeferre? etc.,

    Juv. 12, 48:

    Quid enim est aliud Antonius?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 70:

    Quid est aliud furere?

    id. Pis. 47:

    Quid est alia sinistra liberalitas?

    Cat. 29, 15 al. —
    (γ).
    With comp. abl. (cf. in Gr. alla tôn dikaiôn, Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 25):

    qui quaerit alia his, malum videtur quaerere,

    other than, Plaut. Poen. prol. 22:

    quod est aliud melle,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 16: nec quidquam aliud libertate communi quaesisse, nothing else but, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2:

    neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 20:

    alius Lysippo,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 240:

    accusator alius Sejano,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 41.—
    (δ).
    With praeter:

    nec nobis praeter me alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 249:

    nec quidquam aliud est philosophia praeter studium sapientiae,

    Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5:

    non est alius praeter eum,

    Vulg. Marc. 12, 32:

    rogavit numquid aliud ferret praeter arcam?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 69:

    Num quid igitur aliud in illis judiciis versatum est praeter hasce insidias?

    id. Clu. 62:

    nec jam tela alia habebant praeter gladios,

    Liv. 38, 21, 5.—
    (ε).
    With extra (eccl. Lat.):

    neque est alius extra te,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 2. 2; ib. Soph. 2, 15.—
    (ζ).
    With absque (eccl. Lat.):

    non est alius Deus absque te,

    Vulg. 1 Par. 17, 20.—
    (η).
    With praeterquam:

    cum aliud, praeterquam de quo retulissent, decemviri dicere prohiberent,

    Liv. 3, 40.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    In distributive-clauses repeated even several times, and also interchanged with non nulli, quidam, ceteri, pars, partim, etc., the one... the other; plur., some... others:

    quid potes dicere cur alia defendas, alia non cures?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 111:

    latera tegentes alios, alios praegredientes amicos,

    id. ib. 13, 4: cum alii fossas complerent, alii defensores vallo depellerent, Caes. B. G. 3, 25; id. B. C. 1, 55:

    alii experimentorum notitiam necessariam esse contendunt, alii non satis potentem usum esse proponunt, Cels. prooem.: quae minus tuta erant, alia fossis, alia vallis, alia turribus muniebat,

    Liv. 32, 5; so Vulg. Matt. 13, 5 sqq.; ib. 1 Cor. 12, 10; Cels. 3, 3, enumerating the different kinds of fever, repeats aliae seventeen times:

    cum aliis Q. Frater legatus, aliis C. Pomptinus legatus, reliquis M. Anneius legatus etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

    proferebant alii purpuram, tus alii, gemmas alii, vina non nulli Graeca,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146: alias bestias nantes, alias volucres, serpentes quasdam, quasdam esse gradientes; earum ipsarum partim solivagas, partim congregatas;

    immanes alias, quasdam autem cicures, non nullas abditas,

    id. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

    principes partim interfecerant, alios in exsilium ejecerant,

    Nep. Pelop. 1, 4:

    nos alii ibimus Afros, pars Scythiam veniemus,

    Verg. E. 1, 65:

    alii superstantes proeliarentur, pars occulti muros subruerent,

    Tac. H. 4, 23.—Sometimes alius is omitted in one clause:

    Helvetii ea spe dejecti navibus junctis, alii vadis Rhodani, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

    Veientes ignari in partem praedae suae vocatos deos, alios votis ex urbe sua evocatos, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 21; Plin. 2, 43, 44, § 114:

    castra metari placuit, ut opus et alii proelium inciperent,

    Tac. A. 1, 63.—Also with aliquis:

    alia sunt tamquam sibi nata, ut oculi, ut aures: aliqua etiam ceterorum membrorum usum adjuvant,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63: [putat aliquis esse voluptatem bonum;

    alius autem pecuniam],

    id. Tusc. 5, 28, 60 B. and K.; cf. Goer. ad Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 20.—Sometimes aliud... aliud designate merely a distinction between two objects contrasted, one thing... another:

    Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit,

    Juv. 14, 321:

    Fuit tempus, quo alia adversa, alia secunda principi,

    Plin. Pan. 72:

    aliud est male dicere, aliud accusare,

    Cic. Cael. 3; id. Lig. 16; Quint. 10, 1, 53:

    aliud est servum esse, aliud servire,

    id. 5, 10, 60 al.:

    jam sciunt longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris,

    Liv. 1, 12; cf. infra, e.—
    B.
    Alius repeated in another case, or with its derivatives, aliter, alias, alio, alibi, aliunde, etc. (but never with its derivatives in Tac.), in imitation of the Greek (cf. L. and S. s. v. allos, and Ochsn. Eclog. 110): simul alis alid aliunde rumitant inter se, Naev. ap. Fest. pp. 135 and 225; cf.

    Bothe, Fragm. Comic. p. 25: alius alium percontamur, cuja est navis?

    one another, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 46:

    fallacia alia aliam trudit,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 40:

    fecerunt alii quidem alia quam multa,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 20, 6:

    signa et ornamenta alia alio in loco intuebantur,

    some in one place and some in another, id. Verr. 2. 1, 22:

    alius in alia est re magis utilis,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 111:

    alius ex alia parte,

    id. Verr. 1, 66:

    dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna felicis operum,

    Verg. G. 1, 276:

    ut ipsi inter se alii aliis prodesse possent,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33:

    ideo multa conjecta sunt, aliud alio tempore,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7:

    habes Sardos venales, alium alio nequiorem,

    one worse than another, id. Fam. 7, 24: quo facto cum alius alii subsidium ferrent, one to another, Fr., l'un a

    l'autre,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26 Herz.:

    legiones aliae alia in parte resistunt,

    id. ib. 2, 22:

    alius alia causa illata,

    id. ib. 1, 39:

    cum ceteros alii alium alia de causa improbarent,

    Suet. Vesp. 6:

    alius alii subsidium ferunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

    alius alio more viventes,

    each in a different way, Sall. C. 6, 2:

    alius alii tanti facinoris conscii,

    id. ib. 22, 2; so id. ib. 52, 28; id. J. 53, 8; Curt. 10, 5, 16; Just. 15, 2:

    alii autem aliud clamabant,

    Vulg. Act. 19, 32:

    illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus sentiunt,

    now this, now that, Cic. de Or. 2, 7 fin.:

    aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

    id. ib. 2, 19; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 20:

    equites alii alia dilapsi sunt,

    some in this way, some in that, Liv. 44, 43:

    cum alii alio mitterentur,

    id. 7, 39: Alis alibi stantes, omnes tamen adversis volneribus conciderunt, Sall. ap. Charis. 2, p. 133:

    jussit alios alibi fodere,

    Liv. 44, 33; Vulg. Sap. 18, 18.—
    C.
    Alius ex alio, super alium, post alium, one after another; so often of the connection between ideas:

    ut aliud ex alio incidit, occurrit, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

    aliud ex alio succurrit mihi,

    Cic. Fragm. C. 12:

    alid ex alio reficit natura,

    Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 1305; 5, 1456: sed, [p. 91] ut aliud ex alio, mihi non est dubium, quin, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 14, Plin. Pan. 18, 1:

    ex alio in aliud vicissitudo atque mutatio,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

    alias ex aliis nectendo moras,

    Liv. 7, 39:

    aliam ex alia prolem,

    Verg. G. 3, 65; id. Cir. 364:

    nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur,

    id. A. 3, 494:

    quae impie per biennium alia super alia es ausus,

    Liv. 3, 56; 23, 36:

    aliud super aliud scelus,

    id. 30, 26; Plin. Ep. 7, 8; Suet. Ner. 49:

    deinde ab eo magistratu alium post alium sibi peperit,

    Sall. J. 63, 5.—
    D.
    Alius atque alius or alius aliusque, the one and the other; now this, now that; different:

    eadem res saepe aut probatur aut reicitur, alio atque alio elata verbo,

    Cic. Or. 22, 72:

    alio atque alio loco requiescere,

    in different places, Sall. J. 72, 2:

    inchoata res aliis atque aliis de causis dilata erat,

    Liv. 8, 23:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2:

    cum alia atque alia appetendo loca munirent,

    Liv. 1, 8:

    milites trans flumen aliis atque aliis locis traiciebant,

    id. 2, 2:

    luna alio atque alio loco exoritur,

    Plin. 2, 10:

    febres aliae aliaeque subinde oriuntur,

    Cels. 3, 3:

    cancer aliis aliisque signis discernitur,

    id. 5, 26:

    aliis atque aliis causis,

    Suet. Aug. 97.—In Sall. also alius deinde alius or alius post alius:

    saepe tentantes agros alia deinde alia loca petiverant, J. 18, 7: alias deinde alias morae causas facere,

    id. ib. 36, 2:

    aliis post aliis minitari,

    id. ib. 55, 8.—
    E.
    Of another kind or nature, i. e. different; hence, alium facere, to make different, to change, transform; and alium fleri, to become different, to be wholly changed:

    nunc haec dies aliam vitam affert, alios mores postulat,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 18 (aliam vitam pro diversam, contrariam, Don.):

    alium nunc censes esse me atque olim cum dabam,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 13:

    Huic aliud mercedis erit,

    Verg. E. 6, 26:

    longe alia mihi mens est,

    Sall. C. 52, 2:

    Vos aliam potatis aquam,

    Juv. 5, 52:

    lectus non alius cuiquam,

    id. 8, 178:

    ensesque recondit mors alia,

    Stat. Th. 7, 806:

    ostensus est in alia effigie,

    Vulg. Marc. 16, 12; ib. Rom. 7, 23; ib. Gal. 1, 6; ib. Jac. 2, 25:

    alium fecisti me, alius ad te veneram,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 123: alius nunc fieri volo, id. Poen. prol. fin.:

    homines alii facti sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12:

    mutaberis in virum alium,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 6; cf. supra, II. A. fin. —Hence, in alia omnia ire, transire, or discedere, sc. vota, to differ from the thing proposed; and in gen., to reject or oppose it, to go over to the opposite side: qui hoc censetis, illuc transite;

    qui alia omnia, in hanc partem: his verbis praeit ominis videlicet causa, ne dicat: qui non censetis,

    Fest. p. 221; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 19:

    frequens eum senatus reliquit et in alia omnia discessit,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 12:

    de tribus legatis frequentes ierunt in alia omnia,

    id. ib. 1, 2 Manut.: cum prima M. Marcelli sententia pronunciata esset, frequens senatus in alia omnia iit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

    discessionem faciente Marcello, senatus frequens in alia omnia transiit,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53: aliud or alias res agere, v. ago, II. 7.—
    F.
    Of that which remains of a whole, = reliquus, ceteri, the rest, the remainder:

    Divitiaco ex aliis Gallis maximam fidem habebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 41:

    inter primos atrox proelium fuit, alia multitudo terga vertit,

    Liv. 7, 26:

    vulgus aliud trucidatum,

    id. 7, 19; 2, 23; so id. 24, 1:

    legiones in testudinem glomerabantur et alii tela incutiebant,

    Tac. H. 3, 31; id. A. 1, 30; 3, 42:

    cum alios incessus hostis clausisset, unum reliquum aestas impediret,

    id. ib. 6, 33 al.—
    G.
    Like alter, one of two, the other of two:

    huic fuerunt filii nati duo, alium servus surpuit, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 8; cf. id. ib. arg. 2 and 9: eis genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere;

    magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii,

    Sall. C. 54, 1 Kritz:

    duo Romani super alium alius corruerunt,

    one upon the other, Liv. 1, 25, 5:

    ita duo deinceps reges, alius alia via, civitatem auxerunt,

    each in a different way, id. 1, 21, 6; 24, 27:

    marique alio Nicopolim ingressus,

    Tac. A. 5, 10 ( Ionio, Halm); so,

    alias partes fovere,

    the other side, id. H. 1, 8.—Also in the enumeration of the parts of any thing:

    Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam Celtae,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1 Herz.:

    classium item duo genera sunt: unum liburnarum, aliud lusoriarum,

    Veg. 2, 1 (cf. in Gr. meinantes de tautên tên hêmeran, têi allêi eporeuonto, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 1; and so the Vulg.: Alia die profecti, the next day, Act. 21, 8).—Hence, alius with a proper name used as an appell. (cf. alter):

    ne quis alius Ariovistus regno Galliarum potiretur,

    a second Ariovistus, Tac. H. 4, 73 fin.:

    alius Nero,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    H.
    A peculiar enhancement of the idea is produced by alius with a neg. and the comp.:

    mulier, qua mulier alia nulla est pulchrior,

    than whom no other woman is more beautiful, to whom no other woman is equal in beauty, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 100:

    facinus, quo non fortius ausit alis,

    Cat. 66, 28:

    Fama malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,

    Verg. A. 4, 174:

    quo neque melius neque amplius aliud in natura mortalium est,

    Sall. J. 2, 4:

    quo non aliud atrocius visum,

    Tac. A. 6, 24:

    (Sulla) neque consilio neque manu priorem alium pati,

    Sall. J. 96, 3:

    neque majus aliud neque praestabilius invenias,

    id. ib. 1, 2; Liv. 1, 24:

    non alia ante Romana pugna atrocior fuit,

    id. 1, 27; 2, 31; Tac. A. 6, 7 al.; cf. under aliter, 2. b. z.—Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭō, adv. (an old dat. form, designating direction to a place; cf.: eo, quo), elsewhither (arch.), elsewhere, to another place, person, or thing, allose (class., esp. among poets; but not found in Lucr. or Juv.).
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    Of place:

    fortasse tu profectus alio fueras,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 49:

    ut ab Norba alio traducerentur,

    Liv. 32, 2:

    translatos alio maerebis amores,

    Hor. Epod. 15, 23:

    decurrens alio,

    id. S. 2, 1, 32:

    nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud, Si te alio pravum detorseris,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 55.—With quo:

    Arpinumne mihi eundum sit, an quo alio,

    to some other place, Cic. Att. 9, 17:

    si quando Romam aliove quo mitterent legatos,

    Liv. 38, 30. —
    b.
    Of persons or things (cf. alias, alibi, alicunde, etc.):

    illi suum animum alio conferunt,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 10 (cf. Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62:

    ne ad illam me animum adjecisse sentiat): ne quando iratus tu alio conferas,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 60 Don.:

    hi narrata ferunt alio,

    Ov. M. 12, 57: tamen vocat me alio ( to another subject) jam dudum tacita vestra exspectatio, Cic. Clu. 23, 63; id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:

    sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,

    id. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

    quoniam alio properare tempus monet,

    Sall. J. 19, 2; so Tac. A. 1, 18 al.—
    c.
    Of purpose or design:

    appellet haec desideria naturae: cupiditatis nomen servet alio,

    for another purpose, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27:

    hoc longe alio spectabat,

    looked quite elsewhere, had a far different design, Nep. Them. 6, 3.—
    2.
    a.. Alio... alio, in one way... in another; hither... thither, = huc... illuc:

    hic (i. e. in ea re) alio res familiaris, alio ducit humanitas,

    Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89: alio atque alio, in one way and another:

    nihil alio atque alio spargitur,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 2.—
    b.
    Alius alio, each in a different way, one in one way, another in another:

    et ceteri quidem alius alio,

    Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:

    aliud alio dissipavit,

    id. Div. 1, 34, 76; so Liv. 2, 54, 9; 7, 39.—So, aliunde alio, from one place to another:

    quassatione terrae aliunde alio (aquae) transferuntur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 1; cf. aliunde.—
    c.
    Like alius or aliter with a negative and the particles of comparison quam or atque;

    in questions with nisi: plebem nusquam alio natam quam ad serviendum,

    for nothing but, Liv. 7, 18, 7: non alio datam summam quam in emptionem, etc., * Suet. Aug. 98 Ruhnk.:

    quo alio nisi ad nos confugerent?

    Liv. 39, 36, 11; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 232-234.—
    B.
    ălĭā, adv. (sc. via), in another way, in a different manner (in the whole ante-class. and class. per. dub.); for in Plaut. Rud. prol. 10, aliuta has been proposed; in Lucr. 6, 986, Lachm. reads alio; in Liv. 21, 56, 2, Weissenb. alibi; and in id. 44, 43, 2, via may be supplied from the preced. context; certain only in Don. ad Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 5; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 219.—
    C.
    ălĭās, adv. (acc. to Prisc. 1014 P., and Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 769, an acc. form like foras; but acc. to Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 5, 57, and Hab. Syn. 79, old gen. like paterfamili as, Alcmen as, etc. In the ante-class. per. rare; only once in Plaut., twice in Ter., twice in Varro; in the class. per. most freq. in Cic., but only three times in his orations; also in Plin.).
    1.
    Of time, at a time other than the present, whether it be in the past or (more freq.) in the future.
    a.
    At another time, at other times, on another occasion (alias: temporis adverbium, quod Graeci allote, aliter allôs, Capitol. Orth. 2242 P.; cf.

    Herz. and Hab., as cited above): alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 4; so id. And. 3, 2, 49 (alias = alio tempore, Don.):

    sed alias jocabimur,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

    sed plura scribemus alias,

    id. ib. 7, 6:

    et alias et in consulatus petitione vinci,

    id. Planc. 18:

    nil oriturum alias,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 17.—In the future, freq. in contrast with nunc, in praesentia, tum, hactenus:

    recte secusne, alias viderimus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135:

    Hactenus haec: alias justum sit necne poema, Nunc, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 63: sed haec alias pluribus;

    nunc, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 2 fin.; Liv. 44, 36 fin.: quare placeat, alias ostendemus; in praesentia, etc., Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 28.—In the past:

    gubernatores alias imperare soliti, tum metu mortis jussa exsequebantur,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18:

    alias bellare inter se solitos, tunc periculi societas junxerat,

    id. 9, 4, 15.—Freq. with advv. of time;

    as numquam, umquam, and the like: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, aut etiam si numquam alias fuimus, tum profecto, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 4, 2, 2:

    consilio numquam alias dato,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:

    numquam ante alias,

    Liv. 2, 22, 7:

    non umquam alias ante tantus terror senatum invasit,

    id. 2, 9, 5; 1, 28, 4:

    si quando umquam ante alias,

    id. 32, 5 (where the four advv. of time are to be taken together):

    Saturnalibus et si quando alias libuisset, modo munera dividebat,

    Suet. Aug. 75.—
    b.
    Alias... alias, as in Gr. allote... allote; allote men... allote de, at one time... at another; once... another time; sometimes... sometimes; now... now:

    Alias me poscit pro illa triginta minas, Alias talentum magnum,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 63; so Varr. L. L. 8, § 76 Mull.; id. R. R. 2, 1, 15; Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 120:

    nec potest quisquam alias beatus esse, alias miser,

    id. Fin. 2, 27, 87:

    contentius alias, alias summissius,

    id. de Or. 3, 55, 212:

    cum alias bellum inferrent, alias inlatum defenderent,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 29; so id. ib. 5, 57 al.; it occurs four times in successive clauses in Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 99.—Sometimes plerumque, saepe, aliquando, interdum stand in corresponding clauses:

    nec umquam sine usura reddit (terra), quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum foenore,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    geminatio verborum habet interdum vim, leporem alias,

    id. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

    hoc alias fastidio, alias contumacia, saepius imbecillitate, evenit,

    Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134; 7, 15, 13, § 63.—Sometimes one alias is omitted:

    illi eruptione tentata alias cuniculis ad aggerem actis, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 21; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—
    c.
    Alias aliter, alias alius, etc. (cf. alius), at one time in one way... at another in another; now so... now otherwise; now this... now that:

    et alias aliter haec in utramque partem causae solent convenire,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 13, 45:

    alii enim sunt, alias nostrique familiares fere demortui,

    id. Att. 16, 11 (Madv. interprets this of time):

    illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus judicant,

    id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Or. 59, 200:

    (deos) non semper eosdem atque alias alios solemus venerari,

    id. Red. in Sen. 30:

    ut iidem versus alias in aliam rem posse accommodari viderentur,

    id. Div. 2, 54, 111.—
    d.
    Saepe alias or alias saepe... nunc, nuper, quondam, etc.;

    also: cum saepe alias... tum, etc. (very common in Cic.): quod cum saepe alias tum nuper, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 7:

    fecimus et alias saepe et nuper in Tusculano,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 11:

    quibus de rebus et alias saepe... et quondam in Hortensii villa,

    id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

    quorum pater et saepe alias et maxime censor saluti rei publicae fuit,

    id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

    cum saepe alias, tum apud centumviros,

    id. Brut. 39, 144:

    cum saepe alias, tum Pyrrhi bello,

    id. Off. 3, 22, 86; 3, 11, 47:

    neque tum solum, sed saepe alias,

    Nep. Hann. 11, 7.—In comparative sentences rare:

    nunc tamen libentius quam saepe alias,

    Symm. Ep. 1, 90.—So,
    e.
    Semper alias, always at other times or in other cases (apparently only post-Aug.): et super cenam autem et semper alias communissimus, multa joco transigebat. Suet. Vesp. 22; id. Tib. 18; Gell. 15, 1.—
    f.
    Raro alias, rarely at other times, on other occasions:

    ut raro alias quisquam tanto favore est auditus,

    Liv. 45, 20; 3, 69; Tac. H. 1, 89.—
    g.
    Non alias, at no other time, never, = numquam (a choice poet. expression, often imitated by [p. 92] the histt.):

    non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno Fulgura,

    never at any other time did so much lightning fall from a clear sky, Verg. G. 1, 487:

    non alias militi familiarior dux fuit,

    Liv. 7, 33; 45, 7:

    non alias majore mole concursum,

    Tac. A. 2, 46; 4. 69;

    11, 31: non sane alias exercitatior Britannia fuit,

    id. Agr. 5:

    haud alias intentior populus plus vocis permisit,

    id. A. 3, 11, and 15, 46; Suet. Tit. 8; Flor. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Of place, at another place, elsewhere; or in respect of other things, in other circumstances, otherwise (only post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7):

    Idaeus rubus appellatus est, quoniam in Ida, non alias, nascitur,

    Plin. 24, 14, 75, § 123 (Jan, alius): nusquam alias tam torrens fretum, * Just. 4, 1, 9:

    sicut vir alias doctissimus Cornutus existimat,

    Macr. S. 5, 19.—
    3.
    Alias for alioqui (only post-Aug.), to indicate that something is in a different condition in one instance, not in others, except that, for the rest, otherwise:

    in Silaro non virgulta modo immersa, verum et folia lapidescunt, alias salubri potu ejus aquae,

    Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; so id. 18, 6, 7, § 37; 19, 8, 48, § 163; 25, 2, 6, § 16 al.—
    4.
    Non alias quam, for no other reason, on no other condition, in no other circumstances than, not other than; and non alias nisi, on no other condition, not otherwise, except (prob. taken from the lang. of common life):

    non alias magis indoluisse Caesarem ferunt quam quod, etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 73:

    debilitatum vulnere jacuisse non alias quam simulatione mortis tutiorem,

    by nothing safer than by feigning death, Curt. 8, 1, 24; 8, 14, 16; Dig. 29, 7, 6, § 2: non alias ( on no other condition) existet heres ex substitutione nisi, etc., ib. 28, 6, 8; 23, 3, 37, 23, 3, 29.—
    5.
    Alias like aliter, in another manner; flrst in the Lat. of the jurists (cf. Suet. Tib. 71 Oud.; Liv. 21, 56, 2 Drak.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 49 Ruhnk.), Dig. 33, 8, 8, § 8; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 219-227. —
    D.
    ălĭtĕr, adv. [alis; v. alius init. ], otherwise, in another manner, allôs.
    1.
    With comparative-clause expressed; constr. both affirm. and neg. without distinction.
    a.
    With atque, ac, quam, and rarely ut, otherwise than, different from what, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23:

    sed aliter atque ostenderam facio,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 6:

    aliter ac nos vellemus,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

    de quo tu aliter sentias atque ego,

    id. Fin. 4, 22, 60; id. Att. 6, 3:

    si aliter nos faciant quam aequum est,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 42:

    si aliter quippiam coacti faciant quam libere,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29; id. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

    Sed si aliter ut dixi accidisset, qui possem queri?

    id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—
    b.
    Non (or haud) aliter, not otherwise (per litoten), = just as; with quam si, ac si, quam cum, quam, exactly, just as if:

    Non aliter quam si ruat omnis Karthago,

    Verg. A. 4, 669:

    dividor haud aliter quam si mea membra relinquam,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 73:

    nihil in senatu actum aliter quam si, etc.,

    Liv. 23, 4; 21, 63, 9:

    illi negabant se aliter ituros quam si, etc.,

    id. 3, 51, 12:

    nec aliter quam si mihi tradatur, etc., Quint. prooem. 5: ut non aliter ratio constet quam si uni reddatur,

    Tac. A. 1, 6; 1, 49:

    Non aliter quam si fecisset Juno maritum Insanum,

    Juv. 6, 619; Suet. Aug. 40:

    non aliter quam cum, etc.,

    Ov. F. 2, 209; so id. M. 2, 623; 4, 348; 6, 516 al.:

    nec scripsi aliter ac si, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51; Suet. Oth. 6; Col. 2, 14 (15), 8:

    Non aliter quam qui lembum subigit,

    Verg. G. 1, 201:

    non aliter praeformidat quam qui ferrum medici, priusquam curetur, aspexit,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5; so id. 4, 5, 22; 2, 5, 11:

    neque aliter quam ii, qui traduntur, etc.,

    id. 5, 8, 1:

    patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam Institor hibernae tegetis,

    Juv. 7, 220:

    successorem non aliter quam indicium mortis accepturum,

    Tac. A. 6, 30.—
    * c.
    Aliter ab aliquo (analog. to alius with the abl., and alienus with ab), differently from any one:

    cultores regionum multo aliter a ceteris agunt,

    Mel. 1, 9, 6.—
    d.
    Non ali ter nisi, by no other means, on no other condition, not otherwise, except:

    qui aliter obsistere fato fatetur se non potuisse, nisi etc.,

    Cic. Fat. 20, 48; id. Fam. 1, 9: non pati C. Caesarem consulem aliter fieri, nisi exercitum et provincias tradiderit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14; so Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 18; Liv. 35, 39; 45, 11; 38; Tac. Or. 32; Just. 12, 14, 7; Suet. Ner. 36; Dig. 37, 9, 6; 48, 18, 9. —
    e.
    Non aliter quam ut, on no other condition than that:

    neque aliter poterit palos, ad quos perducitur, pertingere, quam ut diffluat,

    Col. Arb. 7, 5; so Suet. Tib. 15; 24; id. Galb. 8; Curt. 9, 5, 23.—
    2.
    Without a comparative clause expressed.
    a.
    In gen., otherwise, in another manner, in other respects; and in the poets: haud aliter (per litoten), just so:

    vale atque salve, etsi aliter ut dicam meres,

    though you deserve that I speak differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 86 Brix:

    tu si aliter existimes, nihil errabis,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 16:

    ut eadem ab utrisque dicantur, aliter dicuntur,

    in a different sense, Plin. Pan. 72, 7:

    Si quis aliter docet,

    Vulg. 1 Tim. 6, 3:

    quae aliter se habent,

    ib. ib. 5, 25:

    Quippe aliter tunc vivebant homines,

    Juv. 6, 11: quod uterque nostrum his etiam ex studiis notus, quibus aliter ignotus est, otherwise, i. e. personally, unknown, Plin. Ep. 9, 23, 3.—With negatives:

    non fuit faciendum aliter,

    Cic. Att. 6, 9; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    Ergo non aliter poterit dormire?

    Juv. 3, 281:

    aliter haud facile eos ad tantum negotium impelli posse,

    Sall. C. 44, 1; Curt. 8, 10, 27:

    haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti Ignescunt irae (the comparison of the wolf precedes),

    Verg. A. 9, 65:

    haud aliter (i. e. like a wild beast) juvenis medios moriturus in hostes Irruit,

    id. ib. 9, 554 al.; Ov. M. 8, 473; 9, 642:

    non aliter (i. e. than I) Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo Anacreonta Teium,

    Hor. Epod. 14, 10:

    neque Mordaces aliter (i. e. than by means of wine) diffugiunt sollicitudines,

    id. C. 1, 18, 4:

    neque exercitum Romanum aliter transmissurum,

    Tac. H. 5, 19:

    nec aliter expiari potest,

    Vulg. Num. 35, 33. —So, fieri aliter non potest or fieri non potest aliter (not fieri non aliter potest): nihil agis;

    Fieri aliter non potest,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 13: assentior;

    fieri non potuit aliter,

    Cic. Att. 6, 6.—
    b.
    Esp.
    (α).
    Pregn., otherwise, in the contrary manner: Pe. Servos Epidicus dixit mihi. Ph. Quid si servo aliter visum est? i. e. if he does not speak the truth? Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 29:

    verum aliter evenire multo intellegit,

    Ter. And. prol. 4 (aliter autem contra significat, Don.):

    amplis cornibus et nigris potius quam aliter,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 1: ne aliter quid eveniat, providere de cet, otherwise than harmoniously, Sall. J. 10, 7:

    dis aliter visum,

    Verg. A. 2, 428:

    sin aliter tibi videtur,

    Vulg. Num. 11, 15: adversi... saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo Scorpion atque aliter ( in the opposite direction) curvantem bracchia Cancrum, Ov. M. 2, 83: aliterque ( and in the opposite course) secante jam pelagus rostro, Luc. 8, 197.—Hence, qui aliter fecerit, who will not do that:

    neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat, neve cum populo agat: qui aliter fecerit, etc.,

    Sall. C. 51, 43; Just. 6, 6, 1; cf. Brisson. de Form. p. 200, and de Verb. Signif. p. 66.—
    (β).
    Aliter esse, to be of a different nature, differently constituted or disposed:

    sed longe aliter est amicus atque amator,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 70: ego hunc esse aliter credidi: iste me fefellit;

    ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 44; id. Ad. 3, 4, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—
    (γ).
    For alioqui (q. v. II. C.), otherwise, else, in any other case:

    jus enim semper est quaesitum aequabile: neque enim aliter esset jus (and just after: nam aliter justitia non esset),

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42; 1, 39, 139; id. Lael. 20, 74:

    si suos legatos recipere vellent, quos Athenas miserant, se remitterent, aliter illos numquam in patriam essent recepturi,

    Nep. Them. 7 fin.:

    aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,

    Sall. C. 29, 3 Kritz:

    aliter non viribus ullis Vincere poteris,

    Verg. A. 6, 147:

    veniam ostentantes, si praesentia sequerentur: aliter nihil spei,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    quoniam aliter non possem,

    Vulg. Sap. 8, 21.—
    (δ).
    Like alius (q. v. II. A.) repeated even several times in a distributive manner, in one way... in another: sed aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; so id. ib. 1, 12, 38; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Fam. 15, 21, 6:

    aliter utimur propriis, aliter commodatis,

    Tac. Or. 32:

    Aliter catuli longe olent, aliter sues,

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 9:

    aliter Diodoro, aliter Philoni, Chrysippo aliter placet,

    id. Ac. 2, 47, 143:

    idem illud aliter Caesar, aliter Cicero, aliter Cato suadere debebit,

    Quint. 3, 8, 49: Et aliter acutis morbis medendum, aliter vetustis; aliter increscentibus, aliter subsistentibus, aliter jam ad sanitatem inclinatis, Cels. prooem. p. 10.—
    (ε).
    With alius or its derivatives, one in one way, another in another (v. alius, II. B.):

    quoniam aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; id. Att. 7, 8; Liv. 2, 21; so id. 39, 53:

    hoc ex locorum occasione aliter alibi decernitur,

    Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; so id. 25, 4, 10, § 29.—
    (ζ).
    Non aliter, analog. to non alius (v. alius, II. H.) with a comp. (only in Plin.):

    non aliter utilius id fieri putare quam, etc.,

    Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 28:

    idque non aliter clarius intellegi potest,

    id. 37, 4, 15, § 59; so id. 22, 22, 36, § 78; 24, 11, 50, § 85; 28, 9, 41, § 148; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 267-276.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Alius

  • 47 alius

    1.
    Ālĭus (better Ālĕus), a, um, adj., = Elius (v. Alis and Elis), Elian; subst., a native of Elis, a town in Achaia (only a few times in Plaut. Capt.):

    postquam belligerant Aetoli cum Aleis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 24; 27; 2, 2, 30.
    2.
    ălĭus, a, ud, adj. and subst. (old form, alis, alid, after the analogy of quis, quid:

    alis rare,

    Cat. 66, 28; Sall. ap. Charis, 2, p. 133; Inscr. Orell. 2488:

    alid more freq.,

    Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 257; 5, 1305; 5, 1456; Cat. 29, 15; cf. Prisc. 13, p. 959.— Gen. sing. masc.: alius, rare, and not used by Tac.; for which alterius is com. used (v. alter); also alii, Cato and Licin. ap. Prisc. 194 P.; Varr. R. R. 1, 2.— Fem. gen.:

    aliae,

    Lucr. 3, 918; Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30; Liv. 24, 27, 8; Gell. 2, 28, 1; Capito ap. Gell. 4, 10, 8.— Masc. dat.:

    ali,

    Lucr. 6, 1226:

    alio,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 13. — Fem. dat.:

    aliae,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; Gell. 9, 4, 8) [cf. allos; Osc. allo ( nom. sing. fem.); Goth. alis; Erse, aile; O. H. Germ. alles, elles ( conj.); Engl. else], another, [p. 90] other (i. e. of many, whereas alter is one of two, v. exceptt. under II. G.); freq. with the indef. pronn. aliquis, quis, aliqui, qui, quidam, and the interrog. quis, qui, etc.
    I.
    A.. In gen.:

    eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales... multi alii ex Troja strenui viri,

    Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 16:

    alios multos,

    Vulg. Matt. 15, 30; ib. Marc. 7, 4:

    plures alios,

    ib. ib. 12, 5:

    cum aliis pluribus,

    ib. Act. 15, 35:

    an ita dissolvit, ut omnes alii dissolverunt?

    Cic. Font. 1; Tac. H. 5, 5:

    dum aliud aliquid flagiti conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    nec nobis praeter med alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 244:

    nec quisquam alius affuit,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 269:

    panem vel aliud quidquam,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 3, 35. utrum hanc actionem habebis an aliam quampiam; Cic. Caecin. 37:

    quidquid aliud dare,

    Vulg. Lev. 22, 25:

    ALIS NE POTESTO,

    Inscr. Orell. 2488:

    datum Mi esse ab dis aliis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 12:

    adulescentulo in alio occupato amore,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

    aut aliae cujus desiderium insideat rei,

    Lucr. 3, 918:

    ne quam aliam quaerat copiam,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54:

    nisi quid pater ait aliud,

    id. And. 5, 4, 47:

    si verum est, Q. Fabium Labeonem seu quem alium arbitrum a senatu datum, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33:

    quodcumque alid auget,

    Lucr. 5, 257:

    Est alius quidam, parasitaster paululus,

    Ter. Ad. 5. 2, 4; so Vulg. Luc. 22, 59:

    tuo (judicio) stabis, si aliud quoddam est tuum,

    Cic. Or. 71, 237:

    L. Aemilius alius vir erat,

    Liv. 44, 18:

    Genus ecce aliud discriminis audi,

    Juv. 12, 24:

    alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit,

    Cic. Verr. 5, 117; Tac. Agr. 39:

    nemo alius,

    Cic. Pis. 94; Vulg. Joan. 15, 24:

    alius nemo,

    Cic. Quinct. 76:

    plus alimenti est in pane quam in ullo alio,

    Cels. 2, 18:

    aliud esse causae suspicamur,

    Cic. Fl. 39:

    Anne aliud tunc praefecti?

    Juv. 4, 78:

    estne viris reliqui aliud,

    Sall. Fragm. 187, 19:

    aliud auxilii,

    Tac. A. 5, 8:

    aliud subsidii,

    id. ib. 12, 46:

    alia honorum,

    id. ib. 1, 9:

    alia sumptuum,

    id. ib. 15, 15:

    sunt alia quae magis timeam,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 29: Facete is quidem, sicut alia, many other things, id. Fin. 1, 3, 7 Madv.:

    haec aliaque,

    Tac. H. 3, 51 al. —

    Hence, alio die, t. t. of the soothsayer, when he wished the Comitia postponed to another day, on the pretence of unfavorable omens: quid gravius quam rem susceptam dirimi, si unus augur alio die dixerit?

    Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Phil. 2, 33, 83 and 84 Wernsd. Perh. there is a reference to the same thing in Plaut. Poen. 2, 52: ita res divina mihi fuit: res serias omnes extollo ex hoc die in alium diem.—With aliquis, quisquam, or ullus implied (cf. aliqui, V. B., and aliquis, II. B.):

    ut, etiam si aliud melius fuit, tamen legatorum reditum exspectetis,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 6:

    utar post alio, si invenero melius,

    something else, id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; so,

    si in aliud tempus differetur,

    Caes. B C. 1, 86:

    an alium exspectamus?

    Vulg. Matt. 11, 3; ib. Marc. 4, 36:

    siti magis quam alia re accenditur,

    Sall. J. 89, 5:

    neque sex legiones alia de causa missas in Hispaniam,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

    neque creatura alia poterit nos separare,

    Vulg. Rom. 8, 39.
    Instances of the rare gen.
    alius:

    alius generis bestiae,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Varr. L. L. 9, 40, 67 dub.:

    alius ingenii,

    Liv. 1, 56, 7 Madv. by conj.:

    alius ordinis,

    Amm. 30, 5, 10:

    artificis aliusve,

    Front. Controv. Agr. 2, 40, 27:

    alius coloris,

    Non. p. 450:

    nomine vel ejus pro quo... aut alius qui, etc.,

    Dig. 39, 2, 24, § 6; v. aliusmodi.—
    B.
    In comparisons, with atque, ac, or et, more rarely with nisi and quam; with the latter, in good class. authors, only when preceded by a neg. clause, or by an interrog. implying a neg.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; instead of quam, the comp. abl. or praeter, and similar words, sometimes appear, other than, different from, etc.
    (α).
    With atque, ac, or et:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35:

    alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 13:

    potest non solum aliud mihi ac tibi, sed mihi ipsi aliud alias videri,

    Cic. Or. 71, 237:

    longe alia nobis ac tu scripseras nuntiantur,

    id. Att. 11, 10:

    res alio modo est ac putatur,

    id. Inv. 2, 6, 21 B. and K.:

    qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum gerere coeperunt,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    non alius essem atque nunc sum,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9:

    longe aliam esse navigationem in concluso mari atque in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano perspiciebant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 9: aliud (se) esse facturum ac pronunciasset, Nep. Ages. 3, 4:

    alia atque antea sentiret,

    id. Hann. 2, 2:

    lux longe alia est solis et lychnorum,

    is very different, Cic. Cael. 28.—
    (β).
    With nisi or quam (the latter is suspicious in Cic.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 252; Orell. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75):

    amare autem nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

    nothing else than, only, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

    neque ulla fuit causa intermissionis epistularum nisi quod, etc.,

    id. Fam. 7, 13:

    erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

    id. de Or. 2, 12:

    Quid est aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut, etc.?

    id. Phil. 8, 3:

    nihil aliud agerem, nisi eum, qui accusatus esset, defenderem,

    id. Sull. 12; id. Att. 5, 10:

    quid est aliud Gigantum modo bellare cum dis nisi naturae repugnare?

    id. Sen. 2, 5; id. Sex. Rosc. 19, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

    pinaster nihil aliud est quam pinus silvestris,

    Plin. 16, 10; Nep. Arist. 2, 2; id. Paus. 1, 4:

    Lysander nihil aliud molitus est quam ut omnes civitates in sua teneret potestate,

    id. Lys. 1, 4:

    neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps,

    id. Eum. 1, 2:

    Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine quam quod Illi marmoreum caput est, etc.,

    Juv. 8, 54.—Hence, nihil aliud nisi or quam, = ouden allo ê, followed by finite verb, nothing else than, nothing but, only (after these words, fecit, factum est may be supplied, or the phraseology changed to nulla alia re facta; cf. Matth. Gr. 903; Hoogev. ad Vig. p. 475;

    Kuhn. Gr. Gr. II. p. 825): tribunatus P. Sestii nihil aliud nisi meum nomen causamque sustinuit,

    Cic. Sest. 6, 13:

    ut nihil aliud nisi de hoste ac de laude cogitet,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; Liv. 2, 8:

    et hostes quidem nihil aliud (i. e. nulla alia re facta) quam perfusis vano timore Romanis citato agmine abeunt,

    id. 2, 63; 31, 24:

    sed ab lictore nihil aliud quam prehendere prohibito, cum conversus in Patres impetus esset,

    id. 2, 29:

    ut domo abditus nihil aliud quam per edicta obnuntiaret,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    mox nihil aliud quam vectabatur et deambulabat,

    id. Aug. 83.—So, quid aliud quam? what other thing than? what else than? quibus quid aliud quam admonemus cives nos eorum esse, Liv. 4, 3:

    quid aliud quam ad bellum vocabantur?

    Flor. 3, 23 med.; so,

    Quid Tullius? Anne aliud quam sidus?

    Juv. 7, 199.—In affirmative-clauses rare, and only post-Aug.:

    te alia omnia, quam quae velis, agere, moleste ferrem,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 15, 2:

    quod alium quam se cooptassent,

    Suet. Ner. 2 al. —So, with the simple interrogative, quis alius? quid aliud? Qui, malum, alii? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

    Quid te aliud sollicitat?

    id. ib. 1, 2, 82:

    Quid aliud tibi vis?

    id. Heaut. 2, 3, 90:

    Numquid vis aliud?

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 111:

    Sed quis nunc alius audet praeferre? etc.,

    Juv. 12, 48:

    Quid enim est aliud Antonius?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 70:

    Quid est aliud furere?

    id. Pis. 47:

    Quid est alia sinistra liberalitas?

    Cat. 29, 15 al. —
    (γ).
    With comp. abl. (cf. in Gr. alla tôn dikaiôn, Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 25):

    qui quaerit alia his, malum videtur quaerere,

    other than, Plaut. Poen. prol. 22:

    quod est aliud melle,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 16: nec quidquam aliud libertate communi quaesisse, nothing else but, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2:

    neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 20:

    alius Lysippo,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 240:

    accusator alius Sejano,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 41.—
    (δ).
    With praeter:

    nec nobis praeter me alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 249:

    nec quidquam aliud est philosophia praeter studium sapientiae,

    Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5:

    non est alius praeter eum,

    Vulg. Marc. 12, 32:

    rogavit numquid aliud ferret praeter arcam?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 69:

    Num quid igitur aliud in illis judiciis versatum est praeter hasce insidias?

    id. Clu. 62:

    nec jam tela alia habebant praeter gladios,

    Liv. 38, 21, 5.—
    (ε).
    With extra (eccl. Lat.):

    neque est alius extra te,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 2. 2; ib. Soph. 2, 15.—
    (ζ).
    With absque (eccl. Lat.):

    non est alius Deus absque te,

    Vulg. 1 Par. 17, 20.—
    (η).
    With praeterquam:

    cum aliud, praeterquam de quo retulissent, decemviri dicere prohiberent,

    Liv. 3, 40.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    In distributive-clauses repeated even several times, and also interchanged with non nulli, quidam, ceteri, pars, partim, etc., the one... the other; plur., some... others:

    quid potes dicere cur alia defendas, alia non cures?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 111:

    latera tegentes alios, alios praegredientes amicos,

    id. ib. 13, 4: cum alii fossas complerent, alii defensores vallo depellerent, Caes. B. G. 3, 25; id. B. C. 1, 55:

    alii experimentorum notitiam necessariam esse contendunt, alii non satis potentem usum esse proponunt, Cels. prooem.: quae minus tuta erant, alia fossis, alia vallis, alia turribus muniebat,

    Liv. 32, 5; so Vulg. Matt. 13, 5 sqq.; ib. 1 Cor. 12, 10; Cels. 3, 3, enumerating the different kinds of fever, repeats aliae seventeen times:

    cum aliis Q. Frater legatus, aliis C. Pomptinus legatus, reliquis M. Anneius legatus etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

    proferebant alii purpuram, tus alii, gemmas alii, vina non nulli Graeca,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146: alias bestias nantes, alias volucres, serpentes quasdam, quasdam esse gradientes; earum ipsarum partim solivagas, partim congregatas;

    immanes alias, quasdam autem cicures, non nullas abditas,

    id. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

    principes partim interfecerant, alios in exsilium ejecerant,

    Nep. Pelop. 1, 4:

    nos alii ibimus Afros, pars Scythiam veniemus,

    Verg. E. 1, 65:

    alii superstantes proeliarentur, pars occulti muros subruerent,

    Tac. H. 4, 23.—Sometimes alius is omitted in one clause:

    Helvetii ea spe dejecti navibus junctis, alii vadis Rhodani, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

    Veientes ignari in partem praedae suae vocatos deos, alios votis ex urbe sua evocatos, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 21; Plin. 2, 43, 44, § 114:

    castra metari placuit, ut opus et alii proelium inciperent,

    Tac. A. 1, 63.—Also with aliquis:

    alia sunt tamquam sibi nata, ut oculi, ut aures: aliqua etiam ceterorum membrorum usum adjuvant,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63: [putat aliquis esse voluptatem bonum;

    alius autem pecuniam],

    id. Tusc. 5, 28, 60 B. and K.; cf. Goer. ad Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 20.—Sometimes aliud... aliud designate merely a distinction between two objects contrasted, one thing... another:

    Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit,

    Juv. 14, 321:

    Fuit tempus, quo alia adversa, alia secunda principi,

    Plin. Pan. 72:

    aliud est male dicere, aliud accusare,

    Cic. Cael. 3; id. Lig. 16; Quint. 10, 1, 53:

    aliud est servum esse, aliud servire,

    id. 5, 10, 60 al.:

    jam sciunt longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris,

    Liv. 1, 12; cf. infra, e.—
    B.
    Alius repeated in another case, or with its derivatives, aliter, alias, alio, alibi, aliunde, etc. (but never with its derivatives in Tac.), in imitation of the Greek (cf. L. and S. s. v. allos, and Ochsn. Eclog. 110): simul alis alid aliunde rumitant inter se, Naev. ap. Fest. pp. 135 and 225; cf.

    Bothe, Fragm. Comic. p. 25: alius alium percontamur, cuja est navis?

    one another, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 46:

    fallacia alia aliam trudit,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 40:

    fecerunt alii quidem alia quam multa,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 20, 6:

    signa et ornamenta alia alio in loco intuebantur,

    some in one place and some in another, id. Verr. 2. 1, 22:

    alius in alia est re magis utilis,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 111:

    alius ex alia parte,

    id. Verr. 1, 66:

    dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna felicis operum,

    Verg. G. 1, 276:

    ut ipsi inter se alii aliis prodesse possent,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33:

    ideo multa conjecta sunt, aliud alio tempore,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7:

    habes Sardos venales, alium alio nequiorem,

    one worse than another, id. Fam. 7, 24: quo facto cum alius alii subsidium ferrent, one to another, Fr., l'un a

    l'autre,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26 Herz.:

    legiones aliae alia in parte resistunt,

    id. ib. 2, 22:

    alius alia causa illata,

    id. ib. 1, 39:

    cum ceteros alii alium alia de causa improbarent,

    Suet. Vesp. 6:

    alius alii subsidium ferunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

    alius alio more viventes,

    each in a different way, Sall. C. 6, 2:

    alius alii tanti facinoris conscii,

    id. ib. 22, 2; so id. ib. 52, 28; id. J. 53, 8; Curt. 10, 5, 16; Just. 15, 2:

    alii autem aliud clamabant,

    Vulg. Act. 19, 32:

    illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus sentiunt,

    now this, now that, Cic. de Or. 2, 7 fin.:

    aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

    id. ib. 2, 19; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 20:

    equites alii alia dilapsi sunt,

    some in this way, some in that, Liv. 44, 43:

    cum alii alio mitterentur,

    id. 7, 39: Alis alibi stantes, omnes tamen adversis volneribus conciderunt, Sall. ap. Charis. 2, p. 133:

    jussit alios alibi fodere,

    Liv. 44, 33; Vulg. Sap. 18, 18.—
    C.
    Alius ex alio, super alium, post alium, one after another; so often of the connection between ideas:

    ut aliud ex alio incidit, occurrit, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

    aliud ex alio succurrit mihi,

    Cic. Fragm. C. 12:

    alid ex alio reficit natura,

    Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 1305; 5, 1456: sed, [p. 91] ut aliud ex alio, mihi non est dubium, quin, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 14, Plin. Pan. 18, 1:

    ex alio in aliud vicissitudo atque mutatio,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

    alias ex aliis nectendo moras,

    Liv. 7, 39:

    aliam ex alia prolem,

    Verg. G. 3, 65; id. Cir. 364:

    nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur,

    id. A. 3, 494:

    quae impie per biennium alia super alia es ausus,

    Liv. 3, 56; 23, 36:

    aliud super aliud scelus,

    id. 30, 26; Plin. Ep. 7, 8; Suet. Ner. 49:

    deinde ab eo magistratu alium post alium sibi peperit,

    Sall. J. 63, 5.—
    D.
    Alius atque alius or alius aliusque, the one and the other; now this, now that; different:

    eadem res saepe aut probatur aut reicitur, alio atque alio elata verbo,

    Cic. Or. 22, 72:

    alio atque alio loco requiescere,

    in different places, Sall. J. 72, 2:

    inchoata res aliis atque aliis de causis dilata erat,

    Liv. 8, 23:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2:

    cum alia atque alia appetendo loca munirent,

    Liv. 1, 8:

    milites trans flumen aliis atque aliis locis traiciebant,

    id. 2, 2:

    luna alio atque alio loco exoritur,

    Plin. 2, 10:

    febres aliae aliaeque subinde oriuntur,

    Cels. 3, 3:

    cancer aliis aliisque signis discernitur,

    id. 5, 26:

    aliis atque aliis causis,

    Suet. Aug. 97.—In Sall. also alius deinde alius or alius post alius:

    saepe tentantes agros alia deinde alia loca petiverant, J. 18, 7: alias deinde alias morae causas facere,

    id. ib. 36, 2:

    aliis post aliis minitari,

    id. ib. 55, 8.—
    E.
    Of another kind or nature, i. e. different; hence, alium facere, to make different, to change, transform; and alium fleri, to become different, to be wholly changed:

    nunc haec dies aliam vitam affert, alios mores postulat,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 18 (aliam vitam pro diversam, contrariam, Don.):

    alium nunc censes esse me atque olim cum dabam,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 13:

    Huic aliud mercedis erit,

    Verg. E. 6, 26:

    longe alia mihi mens est,

    Sall. C. 52, 2:

    Vos aliam potatis aquam,

    Juv. 5, 52:

    lectus non alius cuiquam,

    id. 8, 178:

    ensesque recondit mors alia,

    Stat. Th. 7, 806:

    ostensus est in alia effigie,

    Vulg. Marc. 16, 12; ib. Rom. 7, 23; ib. Gal. 1, 6; ib. Jac. 2, 25:

    alium fecisti me, alius ad te veneram,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 123: alius nunc fieri volo, id. Poen. prol. fin.:

    homines alii facti sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12:

    mutaberis in virum alium,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 6; cf. supra, II. A. fin. —Hence, in alia omnia ire, transire, or discedere, sc. vota, to differ from the thing proposed; and in gen., to reject or oppose it, to go over to the opposite side: qui hoc censetis, illuc transite;

    qui alia omnia, in hanc partem: his verbis praeit ominis videlicet causa, ne dicat: qui non censetis,

    Fest. p. 221; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 19:

    frequens eum senatus reliquit et in alia omnia discessit,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 12:

    de tribus legatis frequentes ierunt in alia omnia,

    id. ib. 1, 2 Manut.: cum prima M. Marcelli sententia pronunciata esset, frequens senatus in alia omnia iit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

    discessionem faciente Marcello, senatus frequens in alia omnia transiit,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53: aliud or alias res agere, v. ago, II. 7.—
    F.
    Of that which remains of a whole, = reliquus, ceteri, the rest, the remainder:

    Divitiaco ex aliis Gallis maximam fidem habebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 41:

    inter primos atrox proelium fuit, alia multitudo terga vertit,

    Liv. 7, 26:

    vulgus aliud trucidatum,

    id. 7, 19; 2, 23; so id. 24, 1:

    legiones in testudinem glomerabantur et alii tela incutiebant,

    Tac. H. 3, 31; id. A. 1, 30; 3, 42:

    cum alios incessus hostis clausisset, unum reliquum aestas impediret,

    id. ib. 6, 33 al.—
    G.
    Like alter, one of two, the other of two:

    huic fuerunt filii nati duo, alium servus surpuit, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 8; cf. id. ib. arg. 2 and 9: eis genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere;

    magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii,

    Sall. C. 54, 1 Kritz:

    duo Romani super alium alius corruerunt,

    one upon the other, Liv. 1, 25, 5:

    ita duo deinceps reges, alius alia via, civitatem auxerunt,

    each in a different way, id. 1, 21, 6; 24, 27:

    marique alio Nicopolim ingressus,

    Tac. A. 5, 10 ( Ionio, Halm); so,

    alias partes fovere,

    the other side, id. H. 1, 8.—Also in the enumeration of the parts of any thing:

    Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam Celtae,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1 Herz.:

    classium item duo genera sunt: unum liburnarum, aliud lusoriarum,

    Veg. 2, 1 (cf. in Gr. meinantes de tautên tên hêmeran, têi allêi eporeuonto, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 1; and so the Vulg.: Alia die profecti, the next day, Act. 21, 8).—Hence, alius with a proper name used as an appell. (cf. alter):

    ne quis alius Ariovistus regno Galliarum potiretur,

    a second Ariovistus, Tac. H. 4, 73 fin.:

    alius Nero,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    H.
    A peculiar enhancement of the idea is produced by alius with a neg. and the comp.:

    mulier, qua mulier alia nulla est pulchrior,

    than whom no other woman is more beautiful, to whom no other woman is equal in beauty, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 100:

    facinus, quo non fortius ausit alis,

    Cat. 66, 28:

    Fama malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,

    Verg. A. 4, 174:

    quo neque melius neque amplius aliud in natura mortalium est,

    Sall. J. 2, 4:

    quo non aliud atrocius visum,

    Tac. A. 6, 24:

    (Sulla) neque consilio neque manu priorem alium pati,

    Sall. J. 96, 3:

    neque majus aliud neque praestabilius invenias,

    id. ib. 1, 2; Liv. 1, 24:

    non alia ante Romana pugna atrocior fuit,

    id. 1, 27; 2, 31; Tac. A. 6, 7 al.; cf. under aliter, 2. b. z.—Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭō, adv. (an old dat. form, designating direction to a place; cf.: eo, quo), elsewhither (arch.), elsewhere, to another place, person, or thing, allose (class., esp. among poets; but not found in Lucr. or Juv.).
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    Of place:

    fortasse tu profectus alio fueras,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 49:

    ut ab Norba alio traducerentur,

    Liv. 32, 2:

    translatos alio maerebis amores,

    Hor. Epod. 15, 23:

    decurrens alio,

    id. S. 2, 1, 32:

    nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud, Si te alio pravum detorseris,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 55.—With quo:

    Arpinumne mihi eundum sit, an quo alio,

    to some other place, Cic. Att. 9, 17:

    si quando Romam aliove quo mitterent legatos,

    Liv. 38, 30. —
    b.
    Of persons or things (cf. alias, alibi, alicunde, etc.):

    illi suum animum alio conferunt,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 10 (cf. Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62:

    ne ad illam me animum adjecisse sentiat): ne quando iratus tu alio conferas,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 60 Don.:

    hi narrata ferunt alio,

    Ov. M. 12, 57: tamen vocat me alio ( to another subject) jam dudum tacita vestra exspectatio, Cic. Clu. 23, 63; id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:

    sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,

    id. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

    quoniam alio properare tempus monet,

    Sall. J. 19, 2; so Tac. A. 1, 18 al.—
    c.
    Of purpose or design:

    appellet haec desideria naturae: cupiditatis nomen servet alio,

    for another purpose, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27:

    hoc longe alio spectabat,

    looked quite elsewhere, had a far different design, Nep. Them. 6, 3.—
    2.
    a.. Alio... alio, in one way... in another; hither... thither, = huc... illuc:

    hic (i. e. in ea re) alio res familiaris, alio ducit humanitas,

    Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89: alio atque alio, in one way and another:

    nihil alio atque alio spargitur,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 2.—
    b.
    Alius alio, each in a different way, one in one way, another in another:

    et ceteri quidem alius alio,

    Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:

    aliud alio dissipavit,

    id. Div. 1, 34, 76; so Liv. 2, 54, 9; 7, 39.—So, aliunde alio, from one place to another:

    quassatione terrae aliunde alio (aquae) transferuntur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 1; cf. aliunde.—
    c.
    Like alius or aliter with a negative and the particles of comparison quam or atque;

    in questions with nisi: plebem nusquam alio natam quam ad serviendum,

    for nothing but, Liv. 7, 18, 7: non alio datam summam quam in emptionem, etc., * Suet. Aug. 98 Ruhnk.:

    quo alio nisi ad nos confugerent?

    Liv. 39, 36, 11; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 232-234.—
    B.
    ălĭā, adv. (sc. via), in another way, in a different manner (in the whole ante-class. and class. per. dub.); for in Plaut. Rud. prol. 10, aliuta has been proposed; in Lucr. 6, 986, Lachm. reads alio; in Liv. 21, 56, 2, Weissenb. alibi; and in id. 44, 43, 2, via may be supplied from the preced. context; certain only in Don. ad Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 5; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 219.—
    C.
    ălĭās, adv. (acc. to Prisc. 1014 P., and Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 769, an acc. form like foras; but acc. to Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 5, 57, and Hab. Syn. 79, old gen. like paterfamili as, Alcmen as, etc. In the ante-class. per. rare; only once in Plaut., twice in Ter., twice in Varro; in the class. per. most freq. in Cic., but only three times in his orations; also in Plin.).
    1.
    Of time, at a time other than the present, whether it be in the past or (more freq.) in the future.
    a.
    At another time, at other times, on another occasion (alias: temporis adverbium, quod Graeci allote, aliter allôs, Capitol. Orth. 2242 P.; cf.

    Herz. and Hab., as cited above): alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 4; so id. And. 3, 2, 49 (alias = alio tempore, Don.):

    sed alias jocabimur,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

    sed plura scribemus alias,

    id. ib. 7, 6:

    et alias et in consulatus petitione vinci,

    id. Planc. 18:

    nil oriturum alias,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 17.—In the future, freq. in contrast with nunc, in praesentia, tum, hactenus:

    recte secusne, alias viderimus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135:

    Hactenus haec: alias justum sit necne poema, Nunc, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 63: sed haec alias pluribus;

    nunc, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 2 fin.; Liv. 44, 36 fin.: quare placeat, alias ostendemus; in praesentia, etc., Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 28.—In the past:

    gubernatores alias imperare soliti, tum metu mortis jussa exsequebantur,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18:

    alias bellare inter se solitos, tunc periculi societas junxerat,

    id. 9, 4, 15.—Freq. with advv. of time;

    as numquam, umquam, and the like: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, aut etiam si numquam alias fuimus, tum profecto, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 4, 2, 2:

    consilio numquam alias dato,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:

    numquam ante alias,

    Liv. 2, 22, 7:

    non umquam alias ante tantus terror senatum invasit,

    id. 2, 9, 5; 1, 28, 4:

    si quando umquam ante alias,

    id. 32, 5 (where the four advv. of time are to be taken together):

    Saturnalibus et si quando alias libuisset, modo munera dividebat,

    Suet. Aug. 75.—
    b.
    Alias... alias, as in Gr. allote... allote; allote men... allote de, at one time... at another; once... another time; sometimes... sometimes; now... now:

    Alias me poscit pro illa triginta minas, Alias talentum magnum,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 63; so Varr. L. L. 8, § 76 Mull.; id. R. R. 2, 1, 15; Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 120:

    nec potest quisquam alias beatus esse, alias miser,

    id. Fin. 2, 27, 87:

    contentius alias, alias summissius,

    id. de Or. 3, 55, 212:

    cum alias bellum inferrent, alias inlatum defenderent,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 29; so id. ib. 5, 57 al.; it occurs four times in successive clauses in Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 99.—Sometimes plerumque, saepe, aliquando, interdum stand in corresponding clauses:

    nec umquam sine usura reddit (terra), quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum foenore,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    geminatio verborum habet interdum vim, leporem alias,

    id. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

    hoc alias fastidio, alias contumacia, saepius imbecillitate, evenit,

    Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134; 7, 15, 13, § 63.—Sometimes one alias is omitted:

    illi eruptione tentata alias cuniculis ad aggerem actis, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 21; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—
    c.
    Alias aliter, alias alius, etc. (cf. alius), at one time in one way... at another in another; now so... now otherwise; now this... now that:

    et alias aliter haec in utramque partem causae solent convenire,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 13, 45:

    alii enim sunt, alias nostrique familiares fere demortui,

    id. Att. 16, 11 (Madv. interprets this of time):

    illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus judicant,

    id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Or. 59, 200:

    (deos) non semper eosdem atque alias alios solemus venerari,

    id. Red. in Sen. 30:

    ut iidem versus alias in aliam rem posse accommodari viderentur,

    id. Div. 2, 54, 111.—
    d.
    Saepe alias or alias saepe... nunc, nuper, quondam, etc.;

    also: cum saepe alias... tum, etc. (very common in Cic.): quod cum saepe alias tum nuper, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 7:

    fecimus et alias saepe et nuper in Tusculano,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 11:

    quibus de rebus et alias saepe... et quondam in Hortensii villa,

    id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

    quorum pater et saepe alias et maxime censor saluti rei publicae fuit,

    id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

    cum saepe alias, tum apud centumviros,

    id. Brut. 39, 144:

    cum saepe alias, tum Pyrrhi bello,

    id. Off. 3, 22, 86; 3, 11, 47:

    neque tum solum, sed saepe alias,

    Nep. Hann. 11, 7.—In comparative sentences rare:

    nunc tamen libentius quam saepe alias,

    Symm. Ep. 1, 90.—So,
    e.
    Semper alias, always at other times or in other cases (apparently only post-Aug.): et super cenam autem et semper alias communissimus, multa joco transigebat. Suet. Vesp. 22; id. Tib. 18; Gell. 15, 1.—
    f.
    Raro alias, rarely at other times, on other occasions:

    ut raro alias quisquam tanto favore est auditus,

    Liv. 45, 20; 3, 69; Tac. H. 1, 89.—
    g.
    Non alias, at no other time, never, = numquam (a choice poet. expression, often imitated by [p. 92] the histt.):

    non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno Fulgura,

    never at any other time did so much lightning fall from a clear sky, Verg. G. 1, 487:

    non alias militi familiarior dux fuit,

    Liv. 7, 33; 45, 7:

    non alias majore mole concursum,

    Tac. A. 2, 46; 4. 69;

    11, 31: non sane alias exercitatior Britannia fuit,

    id. Agr. 5:

    haud alias intentior populus plus vocis permisit,

    id. A. 3, 11, and 15, 46; Suet. Tit. 8; Flor. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Of place, at another place, elsewhere; or in respect of other things, in other circumstances, otherwise (only post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7):

    Idaeus rubus appellatus est, quoniam in Ida, non alias, nascitur,

    Plin. 24, 14, 75, § 123 (Jan, alius): nusquam alias tam torrens fretum, * Just. 4, 1, 9:

    sicut vir alias doctissimus Cornutus existimat,

    Macr. S. 5, 19.—
    3.
    Alias for alioqui (only post-Aug.), to indicate that something is in a different condition in one instance, not in others, except that, for the rest, otherwise:

    in Silaro non virgulta modo immersa, verum et folia lapidescunt, alias salubri potu ejus aquae,

    Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; so id. 18, 6, 7, § 37; 19, 8, 48, § 163; 25, 2, 6, § 16 al.—
    4.
    Non alias quam, for no other reason, on no other condition, in no other circumstances than, not other than; and non alias nisi, on no other condition, not otherwise, except (prob. taken from the lang. of common life):

    non alias magis indoluisse Caesarem ferunt quam quod, etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 73:

    debilitatum vulnere jacuisse non alias quam simulatione mortis tutiorem,

    by nothing safer than by feigning death, Curt. 8, 1, 24; 8, 14, 16; Dig. 29, 7, 6, § 2: non alias ( on no other condition) existet heres ex substitutione nisi, etc., ib. 28, 6, 8; 23, 3, 37, 23, 3, 29.—
    5.
    Alias like aliter, in another manner; flrst in the Lat. of the jurists (cf. Suet. Tib. 71 Oud.; Liv. 21, 56, 2 Drak.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 49 Ruhnk.), Dig. 33, 8, 8, § 8; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 219-227. —
    D.
    ălĭtĕr, adv. [alis; v. alius init. ], otherwise, in another manner, allôs.
    1.
    With comparative-clause expressed; constr. both affirm. and neg. without distinction.
    a.
    With atque, ac, quam, and rarely ut, otherwise than, different from what, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23:

    sed aliter atque ostenderam facio,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 6:

    aliter ac nos vellemus,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

    de quo tu aliter sentias atque ego,

    id. Fin. 4, 22, 60; id. Att. 6, 3:

    si aliter nos faciant quam aequum est,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 42:

    si aliter quippiam coacti faciant quam libere,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29; id. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

    Sed si aliter ut dixi accidisset, qui possem queri?

    id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—
    b.
    Non (or haud) aliter, not otherwise (per litoten), = just as; with quam si, ac si, quam cum, quam, exactly, just as if:

    Non aliter quam si ruat omnis Karthago,

    Verg. A. 4, 669:

    dividor haud aliter quam si mea membra relinquam,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 73:

    nihil in senatu actum aliter quam si, etc.,

    Liv. 23, 4; 21, 63, 9:

    illi negabant se aliter ituros quam si, etc.,

    id. 3, 51, 12:

    nec aliter quam si mihi tradatur, etc., Quint. prooem. 5: ut non aliter ratio constet quam si uni reddatur,

    Tac. A. 1, 6; 1, 49:

    Non aliter quam si fecisset Juno maritum Insanum,

    Juv. 6, 619; Suet. Aug. 40:

    non aliter quam cum, etc.,

    Ov. F. 2, 209; so id. M. 2, 623; 4, 348; 6, 516 al.:

    nec scripsi aliter ac si, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51; Suet. Oth. 6; Col. 2, 14 (15), 8:

    Non aliter quam qui lembum subigit,

    Verg. G. 1, 201:

    non aliter praeformidat quam qui ferrum medici, priusquam curetur, aspexit,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5; so id. 4, 5, 22; 2, 5, 11:

    neque aliter quam ii, qui traduntur, etc.,

    id. 5, 8, 1:

    patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam Institor hibernae tegetis,

    Juv. 7, 220:

    successorem non aliter quam indicium mortis accepturum,

    Tac. A. 6, 30.—
    * c.
    Aliter ab aliquo (analog. to alius with the abl., and alienus with ab), differently from any one:

    cultores regionum multo aliter a ceteris agunt,

    Mel. 1, 9, 6.—
    d.
    Non ali ter nisi, by no other means, on no other condition, not otherwise, except:

    qui aliter obsistere fato fatetur se non potuisse, nisi etc.,

    Cic. Fat. 20, 48; id. Fam. 1, 9: non pati C. Caesarem consulem aliter fieri, nisi exercitum et provincias tradiderit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14; so Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 18; Liv. 35, 39; 45, 11; 38; Tac. Or. 32; Just. 12, 14, 7; Suet. Ner. 36; Dig. 37, 9, 6; 48, 18, 9. —
    e.
    Non aliter quam ut, on no other condition than that:

    neque aliter poterit palos, ad quos perducitur, pertingere, quam ut diffluat,

    Col. Arb. 7, 5; so Suet. Tib. 15; 24; id. Galb. 8; Curt. 9, 5, 23.—
    2.
    Without a comparative clause expressed.
    a.
    In gen., otherwise, in another manner, in other respects; and in the poets: haud aliter (per litoten), just so:

    vale atque salve, etsi aliter ut dicam meres,

    though you deserve that I speak differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 86 Brix:

    tu si aliter existimes, nihil errabis,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 16:

    ut eadem ab utrisque dicantur, aliter dicuntur,

    in a different sense, Plin. Pan. 72, 7:

    Si quis aliter docet,

    Vulg. 1 Tim. 6, 3:

    quae aliter se habent,

    ib. ib. 5, 25:

    Quippe aliter tunc vivebant homines,

    Juv. 6, 11: quod uterque nostrum his etiam ex studiis notus, quibus aliter ignotus est, otherwise, i. e. personally, unknown, Plin. Ep. 9, 23, 3.—With negatives:

    non fuit faciendum aliter,

    Cic. Att. 6, 9; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    Ergo non aliter poterit dormire?

    Juv. 3, 281:

    aliter haud facile eos ad tantum negotium impelli posse,

    Sall. C. 44, 1; Curt. 8, 10, 27:

    haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti Ignescunt irae (the comparison of the wolf precedes),

    Verg. A. 9, 65:

    haud aliter (i. e. like a wild beast) juvenis medios moriturus in hostes Irruit,

    id. ib. 9, 554 al.; Ov. M. 8, 473; 9, 642:

    non aliter (i. e. than I) Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo Anacreonta Teium,

    Hor. Epod. 14, 10:

    neque Mordaces aliter (i. e. than by means of wine) diffugiunt sollicitudines,

    id. C. 1, 18, 4:

    neque exercitum Romanum aliter transmissurum,

    Tac. H. 5, 19:

    nec aliter expiari potest,

    Vulg. Num. 35, 33. —So, fieri aliter non potest or fieri non potest aliter (not fieri non aliter potest): nihil agis;

    Fieri aliter non potest,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 13: assentior;

    fieri non potuit aliter,

    Cic. Att. 6, 6.—
    b.
    Esp.
    (α).
    Pregn., otherwise, in the contrary manner: Pe. Servos Epidicus dixit mihi. Ph. Quid si servo aliter visum est? i. e. if he does not speak the truth? Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 29:

    verum aliter evenire multo intellegit,

    Ter. And. prol. 4 (aliter autem contra significat, Don.):

    amplis cornibus et nigris potius quam aliter,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 1: ne aliter quid eveniat, providere de cet, otherwise than harmoniously, Sall. J. 10, 7:

    dis aliter visum,

    Verg. A. 2, 428:

    sin aliter tibi videtur,

    Vulg. Num. 11, 15: adversi... saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo Scorpion atque aliter ( in the opposite direction) curvantem bracchia Cancrum, Ov. M. 2, 83: aliterque ( and in the opposite course) secante jam pelagus rostro, Luc. 8, 197.—Hence, qui aliter fecerit, who will not do that:

    neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat, neve cum populo agat: qui aliter fecerit, etc.,

    Sall. C. 51, 43; Just. 6, 6, 1; cf. Brisson. de Form. p. 200, and de Verb. Signif. p. 66.—
    (β).
    Aliter esse, to be of a different nature, differently constituted or disposed:

    sed longe aliter est amicus atque amator,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 70: ego hunc esse aliter credidi: iste me fefellit;

    ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 44; id. Ad. 3, 4, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—
    (γ).
    For alioqui (q. v. II. C.), otherwise, else, in any other case:

    jus enim semper est quaesitum aequabile: neque enim aliter esset jus (and just after: nam aliter justitia non esset),

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42; 1, 39, 139; id. Lael. 20, 74:

    si suos legatos recipere vellent, quos Athenas miserant, se remitterent, aliter illos numquam in patriam essent recepturi,

    Nep. Them. 7 fin.:

    aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,

    Sall. C. 29, 3 Kritz:

    aliter non viribus ullis Vincere poteris,

    Verg. A. 6, 147:

    veniam ostentantes, si praesentia sequerentur: aliter nihil spei,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    quoniam aliter non possem,

    Vulg. Sap. 8, 21.—
    (δ).
    Like alius (q. v. II. A.) repeated even several times in a distributive manner, in one way... in another: sed aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; so id. ib. 1, 12, 38; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Fam. 15, 21, 6:

    aliter utimur propriis, aliter commodatis,

    Tac. Or. 32:

    Aliter catuli longe olent, aliter sues,

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 9:

    aliter Diodoro, aliter Philoni, Chrysippo aliter placet,

    id. Ac. 2, 47, 143:

    idem illud aliter Caesar, aliter Cicero, aliter Cato suadere debebit,

    Quint. 3, 8, 49: Et aliter acutis morbis medendum, aliter vetustis; aliter increscentibus, aliter subsistentibus, aliter jam ad sanitatem inclinatis, Cels. prooem. p. 10.—
    (ε).
    With alius or its derivatives, one in one way, another in another (v. alius, II. B.):

    quoniam aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; id. Att. 7, 8; Liv. 2, 21; so id. 39, 53:

    hoc ex locorum occasione aliter alibi decernitur,

    Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; so id. 25, 4, 10, § 29.—
    (ζ).
    Non aliter, analog. to non alius (v. alius, II. H.) with a comp. (only in Plin.):

    non aliter utilius id fieri putare quam, etc.,

    Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 28:

    idque non aliter clarius intellegi potest,

    id. 37, 4, 15, § 59; so id. 22, 22, 36, § 78; 24, 11, 50, § 85; 28, 9, 41, § 148; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 267-276.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alius

  • 48 consero

    1.
    con-sĕro, sēvi, sĭtum or sătum, 3, v. a. ( perf. conseruerit, Col. 3, 4, 2; Aur. Vict. Epit. 37, 3; Dig. 6, 1, 38; v. 1. sero).
    I. A.
    Lit.:

    agros,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130; Verg. E. 1, 73; Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Dig. 7, 1, 9, § 6; cf.:

    ager diligenter consitus,

    Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

    ager arbustis consitus,

    Sall. J. 53, 1; and:

    consitus an incultus (locus),

    Quint. 5, 10, 37:

    Ismara Baccho (i. e. vino),

    Verg. G. 2, 38:

    vineam malleolo,

    Col. 5, 5, 6:

    arva frumento,

    Curt. 7, 4, 26.— Absol.:

    in alieno fundo,

    Dig. 6, 1, 38:

    in alienum fundum,

    ib. 41, 1, 9.—
    2.
    Transf.:

    arva mūliebria (Venus),

    Lucr. 4, 1107; cf. Sol. 9 fin. —Hence, conserentes dii, who preside over generation, Arn. 5, 169.—
    B.
    Transf., of columns, to plant, set:

    aera (rostra) columnis consita,

    Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 49.—
    C.
    Trop.:

    (sol) lumine conserit arva,

    strews, fills, Lucr. 2, 211: consitus sum Senectute, * Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 4: caeca mentem caligine Theseus consitus, * Cat. 64, 208.—
    II.
    To sow, plant:

    olivetum,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

    hoc genus oleae,

    Cato, R. R. 6, 1:

    arborem,

    Liv. 10, 24, 5; Curt. 6, 5, 14; 7, 2, 22:

    zizyphum,

    Pall. Apr. 4:

    palmas,

    id. Oct. 12:

    (vitem) Narbonicam,

    Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 43; Cato ap. Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 46.—
    B.
    Transf. (cf. I. B. supra): extra vallum stili caeci, mirabilem in modum consiti, set, Auct. B. Afr. 31.
    2.
    con-sĕro, sĕrŭi, sertum, 3 ( perf. consevisti, Fronto, Ep. ad Ver. 8), v. a., to connect, entwine, tie, join, fit, bind into a whole (syn.: conecto, conjungo, contexo, etc.; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the signif. II. B., and in the histt.).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit.
    (α).
    With acc. with or without abl.:

    lorica conserta hamis auroque,

    Verg. A. 3, 467; cf.:

    tegumen spinis,

    id. ib. 3, 594 (illigatum spinis, Serv.); cf. Tac. G. 17: monile margaritis gemmisque, * Suet. Galb. 18:

    vincula, quīs conserta erant vehicula,

    Curt. 9, 1, 17; cf.:

    conserta navigia,

    entangled, id. 4, 3, 18:

    scutis super capita consertis,

    overlapping, id. 5, 3, 23:

    rudis arbor conseritur (for navigating),

    Luc. 3, 512; cf. id. 4, 136.—
    (β).
    With acc. and dat.:

    alium (truncum) alii quasi nexu conserunt,

    Curt. 6, 5, 15.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    quid juvat nocti conseruisse diem?

    Ov. Am. 3, 6, 10:

    exodia conserta fabellis Atellanis,

    Liv. 7, 2, 11;

    v. exodium: virtutes consertae et inter se cohaerentes,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 3: ita ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est, * Quint. 5, 10, 71:

    sermonem,

    to interchange words, converse, Curt. 8, 12, 5; Fronto l. l.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To join, connect, unite together:

    teneros sinus,

    Tib. 1, 8, 36:

    femur femori,

    id. 1, 8, 26; cf.:

    latus lateri,

    Ov. H. 2, 58.—
    B.
    Esp., to unite in hostility, for contest, to bring together; so most freq. manum or manus, to engage in close combat, to join hand to hand, to join battle:

    signa contulit, manum conseruit, magnas copias hostium fudit,

    Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3; Sall. J. 50, 4; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Ages. 3, 6; Liv. 21, 41, 4 al.:

    manum cum hoste,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1; Nep. Hann. 4, 2:

    manus inter se,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch; Liv. 7, 40, 14; Ov. H. 12, 100:

    manus cum imparibus,

    Liv. 6, 12, 8:

    cum hoste manus,

    id. 21, 39, 3:

    consertis deinde manibus,

    id. 1, 25, 5:

    dextras,

    Stat. S. 1, 6, 60:

    pugnam,

    Liv. 21, 50, 1; cf. id. 21, 8, 7; Tac. A. 2, 10:

    pugnam inter se,

    Liv. 32, 10, 8:

    pugnam seni,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 43:

    proelia,

    Verg. A. 2, 398; Liv. 5, 36, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 12:

    certamen,

    Liv. 35, 4, 2:

    bella,

    Val. Fl. 3, 31:

    bella bellis,

    Luc. 2, 442:

    acies,

    Sil. 1, 339; cf.:

    conserta acies,

    hand-to-hand fighting, Tac. A. 6, 35.— Mid.:

    navis conseritur,

    enters the fight, Liv. 21, 50, 3:

    duo acerrimā pugnā conserti exercitus,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 1.—Rarely absol.:

    levis armatura ab lateribus cum levi armaturā,

    Liv. 44, 4, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    haud ignotas belli artes inter se conserebant,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2.—
    3.
    Transf., of judicial controversy: manum in jure or ex jure conserere, to make a joint seizure (this was done by the litigant parties laying hands at the same time upon the thing in dispute, each one claiming it as his own): si qui in jure manum conserunt, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 7: non ex jure manum consertum sed mage ferro rem repetunt, Enn. ib. § 4 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.); cf. also Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll., and Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2: ibi ego te ex jure manum consertum voco, etc., I summon you in an action for possession, etc., a judic. formula in Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41.—Hence, * con-sertē, adv., from consertus, a, um (acc. to I. A.), not used as P. a., as if bound or fastened together, in connection:

    omnia necesse est conligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

    Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > consero

  • 49 conserte

    1.
    con-sĕro, sēvi, sĭtum or sătum, 3, v. a. ( perf. conseruerit, Col. 3, 4, 2; Aur. Vict. Epit. 37, 3; Dig. 6, 1, 38; v. 1. sero).
    I. A.
    Lit.:

    agros,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130; Verg. E. 1, 73; Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Dig. 7, 1, 9, § 6; cf.:

    ager diligenter consitus,

    Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

    ager arbustis consitus,

    Sall. J. 53, 1; and:

    consitus an incultus (locus),

    Quint. 5, 10, 37:

    Ismara Baccho (i. e. vino),

    Verg. G. 2, 38:

    vineam malleolo,

    Col. 5, 5, 6:

    arva frumento,

    Curt. 7, 4, 26.— Absol.:

    in alieno fundo,

    Dig. 6, 1, 38:

    in alienum fundum,

    ib. 41, 1, 9.—
    2.
    Transf.:

    arva mūliebria (Venus),

    Lucr. 4, 1107; cf. Sol. 9 fin. —Hence, conserentes dii, who preside over generation, Arn. 5, 169.—
    B.
    Transf., of columns, to plant, set:

    aera (rostra) columnis consita,

    Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 49.—
    C.
    Trop.:

    (sol) lumine conserit arva,

    strews, fills, Lucr. 2, 211: consitus sum Senectute, * Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 4: caeca mentem caligine Theseus consitus, * Cat. 64, 208.—
    II.
    To sow, plant:

    olivetum,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

    hoc genus oleae,

    Cato, R. R. 6, 1:

    arborem,

    Liv. 10, 24, 5; Curt. 6, 5, 14; 7, 2, 22:

    zizyphum,

    Pall. Apr. 4:

    palmas,

    id. Oct. 12:

    (vitem) Narbonicam,

    Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 43; Cato ap. Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 46.—
    B.
    Transf. (cf. I. B. supra): extra vallum stili caeci, mirabilem in modum consiti, set, Auct. B. Afr. 31.
    2.
    con-sĕro, sĕrŭi, sertum, 3 ( perf. consevisti, Fronto, Ep. ad Ver. 8), v. a., to connect, entwine, tie, join, fit, bind into a whole (syn.: conecto, conjungo, contexo, etc.; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the signif. II. B., and in the histt.).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit.
    (α).
    With acc. with or without abl.:

    lorica conserta hamis auroque,

    Verg. A. 3, 467; cf.:

    tegumen spinis,

    id. ib. 3, 594 (illigatum spinis, Serv.); cf. Tac. G. 17: monile margaritis gemmisque, * Suet. Galb. 18:

    vincula, quīs conserta erant vehicula,

    Curt. 9, 1, 17; cf.:

    conserta navigia,

    entangled, id. 4, 3, 18:

    scutis super capita consertis,

    overlapping, id. 5, 3, 23:

    rudis arbor conseritur (for navigating),

    Luc. 3, 512; cf. id. 4, 136.—
    (β).
    With acc. and dat.:

    alium (truncum) alii quasi nexu conserunt,

    Curt. 6, 5, 15.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    quid juvat nocti conseruisse diem?

    Ov. Am. 3, 6, 10:

    exodia conserta fabellis Atellanis,

    Liv. 7, 2, 11;

    v. exodium: virtutes consertae et inter se cohaerentes,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 3: ita ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est, * Quint. 5, 10, 71:

    sermonem,

    to interchange words, converse, Curt. 8, 12, 5; Fronto l. l.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To join, connect, unite together:

    teneros sinus,

    Tib. 1, 8, 36:

    femur femori,

    id. 1, 8, 26; cf.:

    latus lateri,

    Ov. H. 2, 58.—
    B.
    Esp., to unite in hostility, for contest, to bring together; so most freq. manum or manus, to engage in close combat, to join hand to hand, to join battle:

    signa contulit, manum conseruit, magnas copias hostium fudit,

    Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3; Sall. J. 50, 4; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Ages. 3, 6; Liv. 21, 41, 4 al.:

    manum cum hoste,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1; Nep. Hann. 4, 2:

    manus inter se,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch; Liv. 7, 40, 14; Ov. H. 12, 100:

    manus cum imparibus,

    Liv. 6, 12, 8:

    cum hoste manus,

    id. 21, 39, 3:

    consertis deinde manibus,

    id. 1, 25, 5:

    dextras,

    Stat. S. 1, 6, 60:

    pugnam,

    Liv. 21, 50, 1; cf. id. 21, 8, 7; Tac. A. 2, 10:

    pugnam inter se,

    Liv. 32, 10, 8:

    pugnam seni,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 43:

    proelia,

    Verg. A. 2, 398; Liv. 5, 36, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 12:

    certamen,

    Liv. 35, 4, 2:

    bella,

    Val. Fl. 3, 31:

    bella bellis,

    Luc. 2, 442:

    acies,

    Sil. 1, 339; cf.:

    conserta acies,

    hand-to-hand fighting, Tac. A. 6, 35.— Mid.:

    navis conseritur,

    enters the fight, Liv. 21, 50, 3:

    duo acerrimā pugnā conserti exercitus,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 1.—Rarely absol.:

    levis armatura ab lateribus cum levi armaturā,

    Liv. 44, 4, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    haud ignotas belli artes inter se conserebant,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2.—
    3.
    Transf., of judicial controversy: manum in jure or ex jure conserere, to make a joint seizure (this was done by the litigant parties laying hands at the same time upon the thing in dispute, each one claiming it as his own): si qui in jure manum conserunt, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 7: non ex jure manum consertum sed mage ferro rem repetunt, Enn. ib. § 4 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.); cf. also Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll., and Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2: ibi ego te ex jure manum consertum voco, etc., I summon you in an action for possession, etc., a judic. formula in Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41.—Hence, * con-sertē, adv., from consertus, a, um (acc. to I. A.), not used as P. a., as if bound or fastened together, in connection:

    omnia necesse est conligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

    Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conserte

  • 50 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin.
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin.
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin.
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 51 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin.
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin.
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin.
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 52 palmata

    palmo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [1. palma].
    I.
    To make the print or mark of the palm of one's hand, Quint. Decl. 1, 12; v. in the foll. P. a.—
    * II.
    To tie up a vine:

    palmare hoc est materias alligare,

    Col. 11, 2, 96.—Hence, palmātus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Marked with the palm of a hand: palmatus paries, bearing the mark of a (bloody) hand, Quint. Decl. 1, 11 and 12, pp. 30 and 31 Burm.:

    cervi palmati,

    with antlers shaped like the palm of a hand, Capitol. Gord. 3 fin.
    B.
    Containing the figure of a palm-tree:

    lapis,

    Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 134.—
    2.
    Worked or embroidered with palmbranches:

    tunica, usually worn by generals in their triumphal processions,

    Liv. 10, 7; 30, 15 fin.:

    togae,

    Mart. 7, 2, 8:

    vestis,

    Val. Max. 9, 1, n. 5.—Also, subst.: palmāta, ae, f., Vop. Prob. 1, 5 fin.; 8, 6; 8; Pacat. Pan. ad Theod. 9; Sid. Carm. 5, 4: palmatus consul, clothed with the palmata tunica, Hier. Ep. 23, 3: statua, Treb. Poll. Claud. 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > palmata

  • 53 palmo

    palmo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [1. palma].
    I.
    To make the print or mark of the palm of one's hand, Quint. Decl. 1, 12; v. in the foll. P. a.—
    * II.
    To tie up a vine:

    palmare hoc est materias alligare,

    Col. 11, 2, 96.—Hence, palmātus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Marked with the palm of a hand: palmatus paries, bearing the mark of a (bloody) hand, Quint. Decl. 1, 11 and 12, pp. 30 and 31 Burm.:

    cervi palmati,

    with antlers shaped like the palm of a hand, Capitol. Gord. 3 fin.
    B.
    Containing the figure of a palm-tree:

    lapis,

    Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 134.—
    2.
    Worked or embroidered with palmbranches:

    tunica, usually worn by generals in their triumphal processions,

    Liv. 10, 7; 30, 15 fin.:

    togae,

    Mart. 7, 2, 8:

    vestis,

    Val. Max. 9, 1, n. 5.—Also, subst.: palmāta, ae, f., Vop. Prob. 1, 5 fin.; 8, 6; 8; Pacat. Pan. ad Theod. 9; Sid. Carm. 5, 4: palmatus consul, clothed with the palmata tunica, Hier. Ep. 23, 3: statua, Treb. Poll. Claud. 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > palmo

  • 54 administro

    ad-ministro, āvī, ātum, āre, I) intr. Handreichung tun, bei etwas hilfreich an die Hand gehen, -beistehen, alci ad rem divinam, Plaut. Epid. 418. – II) tr.: A) etwas an die Hand geben, mel in secundam mensam administratur, wird aufgetragen, Varr. r.r. 3, 16, 5. – B) etwas handhaben, leiten, besorgen, verwalten, verrichten, vornehmen, 1) im engern Sinne: navem, lenken, regieren, Caes.: negotium, Cic.: rem familiarem, Cic.: domum, Cic.- beim Landbau, faenisicium, Varr.: sementem, vindemiam, Col. – u. übh. v. jeder Verrichtung, dextram partem operis, die rechte Seite des Werks besorgen = von der rechten Seite angreifen, Caes.: caedem, Auct. b. Hisp. – u. absol. = hantieren, Hand anlegen, seinen Dienst tun, arbeiten u. dgl., neque inter vineas sine periculo administrare poterant (milites), Sall.: et si celeriter administraverint, Vitr. – 2) im weitern Sinne: a) Von der Leitung des Krieges: α) von der Leitung des Ganzen, bellum, leiten, führen (als Oberbefehlshaber), Cic., Caes. u.a.: bellum cum Cimbris, summam rerum, den Oberbefehl haben, Cic.: exercitum, Cic.: u. so rem publicam, den Staat militärisch Verwalten, mit u. ohne exercitu u. dgl., Caes. u. Liv. (s. Drak. zu Liv. 6, 6, 11 die Beisp.): atque haec ita Caesar administrabat, ut etc., traf solche Vorkehrungen, Caes. – β) von der Leitung u. Besorgung einzelner Teile od. Kommandos (als Untergebener des Oberbefehlsh.), nihil iam Caesaris imperia spectabant, sed per se quae videbantur administrabant, trafen solche Anstalten, wie sie ihnen zweckmäßig schienen, Caes.: ea quae amissa sunt administrare et reficere, unter seiner Leitung den Verlust wieder gutmachen. Caes.: absol., administrantibus M. Antonio et Fufio Caleno, Caes. – b) von der Leitung, Verwaltung u. Besorgung des Staates, seiner Ämter u. dgl., rem publicam, civitatem, Cic.: provinciam, Cic.: leges et iudicia, Cic.: legationem, Nep.: magistratus ac reges iive, per quos publica administrantur, od. die Staatsdiener, Sen. – dah. auch omnem mundum, Cic.

    lateinisch-deutsches > administro

  • 55 admoveo

    ad-moveo, mōvī, mōtum, ēre, heranbewegen, heranbringen, I) im allg., lebl. Objj. u. leb. Wesen an, auf usw. etw. bringen, richten, legen, setzen, halten u. dgl. (Ggstz. amovere ab etc.), leb. Wesen an od. vor, zu etw. od. jmd. führen, mit u. ohne Ang. wohin? durch ad, in, sub u. dgl. od. durch bl. Dat., a) übh.: α) körperl. Objj.: fasciculum ad nares, Cic.: linum ad lumina, Lucr.: manum ad ora, Prop.: manum ad alterius unionem auris, mit der Hand greifen nach usw., Macr.: quam proxime vultum ad auditores, Cornif. rhet. – alci stimulos, calcar (im Bilde), Cic.: alci (sibi) catenas, Sen. rhet.: labra poculis.Verg., poculum labris, Plin. ep.: mucronem gladii mamillae, Vell.: pluribus locis (Stellen) aurem, Liv.: ardenti lucernae digitum, Val. Max.: compressam manum pectori, Quint.: adorandi gratiā manum labris, Apul.: u. so manum ori, Min. Fel.: oribus suis dexteram, Apul.: saepe manus tentantes operi, Ov.: u. manum operi, Hand legen an usw. (als Bearbeiter), Ov. u. Plin.; u. feindl. = sich vergreifen an usw., manus nocentibus, Liv., vectigalibus, Cic. – u. leb. Wesen, agnum ad matris mammam, Varr.: aspidem ad corpus, Cic.: infantes papillae, Suet.: alci equum, vorführen, Liv.: angues curribus, spannen an usw., Ov.: alqm orae, an die K. führen (v. Winde), Verg. – m. bl. Acc., duas quadrigas, Liv.: ignem, Cic.: aurem, Cic.: laevam, die linke Hand dazunehmen, Cic.: manus religiose, Liv.: u. leb. Wesen, medicos, zuziehen, Suet.: Partiz. subst., nisi prope admota non cernere, kurzsichtig sein (Ggstz. longinqua contueri), Plin. 11, 142. – β) abstr. Objj.: αα) ein zeitliches Verhältnis nahe bringen, näher (heran) rücken, diem leti, Curt.: occasionem exsequendi sceleris admotam, Curt. – ββ) einen Seelenzustand über jmd. kommen lassen, -bringen, einflößen, terrorem alci, Liv.: omnes luctus illi (animo) suos, omnia lugubria, Sen.: alci subitum desiderium patriae, Curt. – γγ) den Geist auf etw. richten, mentes suas, non solum aures, ad haruspicum vocem, Cic.: acumina Graecis chartis, Hor. – b) als mediz. t.t.: cucurbitulam occipitio, sub mento, circa fauces, Cels.: venis candens ferrum, Cels.: fomenta corpori, Curt. – c) als milit. t.t., sowohl Kriegsmaschinen heranbringen, -schieben, anlegen usw., opus ad turrim hostium, Caes., adversus alqm locum, Liv.: scalas moenibus, Tac.: im Zshg. gew. bl. opera, Liv.: scalas, Caes.: machinam, Cic. – als Soldaten usw. anrücken lassen, mit denselben heran-, anrücken, exercitum Ariminum, ad (in die Nähe von) Oricum, Liv.: armatos muris, Liv.: copias propius, Liv. – u. absol., iam admovebat rex, rückte heran, Curt. – d) als t.t. der Opfersprache: Hannibalem novem fere annorum altaribus, Liv.: filiam victimam aris, Liv.: pecus aris, Verg.: tauros templis, Ov., aris, Amm.: admotae hostiae, Tac. – e) einem Orte usw. nahe bringen, nahe-näher rücken, α) durch eine Bewegung: Pharos continenti admota est (durch ein Erdbeben), Sen.: adm. murum solo, fast dem E. gleichmachen, Lucan. – durch Annäherung, Auffinden, Einschlagen eines näheren Weges, häufigern Verkehrs u. dgl., admoveri lineas, Sen.: septem montibus Baias, Stat.: propius pomo Carthaginem (sc. Romae), Plin.: terras, Plin. ep. – β) bei der Anlage, nahe bringen, -rücken, nahe anlegen, urbem ad mare, Cic.: Africa Nilo admota, Iuven.: culina ut sit admota, in der Nähe befindlich, Varr.

    II) insbes.: a) einen Ggst. als Mittel an etw. od. jmd. heranbringen, anwenden, in Anwendung bringen, zu Hilfe nehmen, an od. gegen jmd. richten, α) ein phys. Mittel, bes. als mediz; t.t.: herbas, Ov.: remedia, Sen.: vim, Cels.: curationem ad alqm, Cic. – β) geistige: orationem ad sensus animorum atque motus inflammandos, Cic.: populationibus agri terror est oppidanis admotus, Liv.: parvo metu admoto, Liv.: alci preces, Phaedr., u. alci preces mortis, richten an usw., Plin.; u. bl. preces suppliciter admotae, demütige B., Curt. (vgl. Burm. Phaedr. 1, 19, 6): blanditias, Ov. – b) eine Pers. als Teilnehmer, Beihilfe, Freund, Herrscher usw. zu etw. heranziehen, beiziehen, zuziehen, befördern, gelangen lassen, multos in convivium, Suet.: alqm in propiorem amicitiae locum, Curt.: alqm contubernio, Suet. – alqm ad curam reip., Suet. (Ggstz. demovere curā rerum, Tac.): alqm in idem fastigium (sc. dignitatis), Curt. – c) jmd. zeitlich einem Ziele nahe bringen, zu etw. gelangen lassen, im Passiv = einem Ziele sich nähern, zu etw. gelangen, oppresso Seiano ad spem successionis paulatim admoveri, Suet.: admotus supremis, seinem Ende sich nähernd, Tac. – d) jmd. zu einem innigern Verhältnis annähern, mors Agrippae admovit propius Neronem Caesari, brachte ihn in nähere Beziehung zu C., Vell. – genus admotum superis, verwandt, Sil. – bes. se admovere ad etc., sich annähern, sich nähern, se applicare et propius adm., Cic.: se ad id (lumen), Cic. – / Synkop. Perfektformen: admosti, Anthol. Lat. 893, 28 R.: admorunt, Verg. Aen. 4, 367: Ov. Ibis 236: admorint, Ov. ex Pont. 3, 7, 36: admoram, Prop. 3, 2, 5: admorat, Ov. am. 3, 8, 38: admossent, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 4635, 4: admosse, Liv. 38, 45, 3.

    lateinisch-deutsches > admoveo

  • 56 affero

    af-fero (ad-fero), attulī (adtulī), allātum (adlātum), afferre (adferre), her-, herbei-, hinbringen, -tragen, -schaffen, -liefern, m. bl. Acc., od. zugl. m. folg. ad od. m. bl. Dat. des Orts od. der Person, I) eig.: 1) v. leb. Wesen: C. Attuli hunc (habe hergebracht). Ps. Quid attulisti? C. Adduxi volui dicere, Plaut.: lumen, Enn. fr.: dona, panem, Curt.: argentum secum, Plaut.: coronam auream donum (als G.), Curt. 4, 2 (7), 2: huc afferam meum corium et flagrum, Varr. fr.: affer huc scyphos, Hor.: inde mortuus Romam allatus, Liv.: aff. eo (dahin) munera cuiusque generis, Nep.: scrinium cum litteris... eodem (ebendahin) Sall.: viginti minas ad alqm, Plaut.: HS sexagies ad alqm, Caes.: argentum alci, Ter.: camelis (auf K.) cocta cibaria, Curt.: lecticā (in einer S.) alqm in forum, Liv.: ex propinquis urbibus cocta cibaria in castra, Liv.: a Graecia leges, Flor.: tabulas Romam, Caes.: alqd domo, Cic.: omnem cibum pede ad rostrum, veluti manu, Plin.: lapidem ad filium claudendum ad introitum aedis, Nep.: scribam sibi pugionem a Bibulo attulisse, Cic.: peditem alvo (im Bauche), Verg.: alimenta nubibus (Dat.), zuführen, Ov. – insbes., afferre epistulam od. litteras, überbringen, Cic. u.a. (dah. is qui litteras attulit, der Überbringer dieses Br., Cic.): aff. litteras od. epistulam ad alqm, Cic.: u. im Passiv, affertur epistula, afferuntur litterae peregre, ab urbe, ab alqo (von jmd. als Absender), ex Asia, Romam, ein Br. (eine Depesche) geht od. läuft ein, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – abite illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis, hierher gesetzt, Catull.: te qui vivum casus... attulerint, hergebracht, -geführt, Verg.: dah. se afferre huc, sich hierher begeben, hier erscheinen, Komik. u. Verg.: u. so sese a moenibus, Verg.: u. ebenso im Pass., afferri hanc urbem, nahen dieser St., Verg. Aen. 7, 216.

    2) v. Lebl.: a) übh.: si tantum notas odor attulit auras, herbeigeführt hat, Verg. georg. 3, 251: tunc modulatae multitudinis conferta vox aures eius affertur, dringt zu seinen O., Apul. met. 5, 3. – b) insbes., v. Boden, v. Bäumen = als Ertrag bringen, tragen, hervorbringen, talis ager post longam desidiam laetas segetes affert, Col.: vitis afferre se uvam ostendit, Varr.: vitis intra annum ingentes uvas purpureas attulit, Capit.: surculi, qui primum florem afferunt, Col.: plantae sinapis plus vere afferunt, Col.: u. so afferre fructum oft bei den Eccl. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 348 f.). – u.v. Jahr, magnum proventum poëtarum annus hic attulit, brachte eine gr. Ausbeute, war sehr ergiebig an D., Plin. ep. 1, 13 in. – v. Handlungen, pecuniam, Geld einbringen, Gewinn bringen, Sen. ep. 76, 18.

    II) übtr.: A) im allg., herbei-, bei-, mitbringen, bei etw. zeigen, aufzuweisen haben, an sich haben (s. Sorof Cic. de or. 3, 45), plenas aures adfero, Titin. fr.: pacem ad vos adfero, Plaut.: alqd ad amicitiam populi Romani, Caes.: aliquantulum (sc. dotis) quae adferret, Ter.: consulatum in familiam, Cic.: animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas, Cic.: unum hoc vitium senectus affert hominibus, Ter.: si unum aliquid (einen einzigen Vorzug) affert, Cic.: aliquid oratori (für den R.), Cic.: nihil ostentationis aut imitationis, Cic.: matri salutem, Ov.: alci auxilium, Ter., opem, Ter. u. Ov.: opem in eam rem, Liv.: consilium, einen R. erteilen, Liv. u. Curt. – insbes., dentes in dominum (von den Hunden des Aktäon), gegen ihren Herrn richten, Varr. r.r. 2, 9, 9. – manus afferre alci od. alci rei (zB. bonis alienis), an jmd. od. etw. Hand legen, sich vergreifen, Cic.: manus sibi, Hand an sich selbst legen = sich töten, Planc. in Cic. ep. 10, 23, 4. Auct. b. Afr. 93, 3; od. = sich einen Stich beibringen, sich Blut abzapfen, Sen. nat. qu. 4, 6, 3: manus suis vulneribus, sie wieder aufreißen, Cic.: beneficio suo manus, die W. wertlos machen, Sen.: ohne Dativ, pro se quisque manus affert, legt Hand mit an, wird handgreiflich, Cic. II. Verr. 1, 67. – alci (virgini, corpori, pudicitiae u. dgl.) vim, jmdm. »Gewalt antun«, an jmd. »gewalttätig sich vergreifen«, jmd. »mit Gewalt nötigen«, Cic. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 42, 29, 9 u. die Erklärungen zu Ov. her. 17, 21): vim aff. religioni, Iustin.: vim et manus afferre, zu Gewalt u. Gewalttätigkeiten schreiten, Cic.

    B) insbes.: 1) eine Nachricht, ein Gerücht usw. bringen, hinterbringen, im Passiv = eingehen, einlaufen, alci non iucundissimum nuntium, Cic.: falsum nuntium mortis eius, Curt.: alci laetus nuntius affertur m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Curt.: qui de me rumores afferuntur, Cic. fil.: priusquam fama ac nuntius afferretur, Caes.: affertur fama m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Liv. – öfter afferre alqd od. de alqa re ( wie φέρειν), etw. als Nachricht, Kunde, Botschaft, Gerücht usw. über- od. hinterbringen, melden, an- od. verkündigen, zutragen, novum, aliquid novi, Komik. u. Curt.: pacis condicionem od. condiciones, Caes. u. Curt.: miros terrores (Schreckensnachrichten) ad alqm, Cic.: eo de Hortensii morte mihi est allatum, es ist mir die Nachricht zugekommen, Cic.: iam diu nihil novi ad nos afferebatur, haben nichts Neues gehört, Cic.: exspecto, quid illim (von dort) afferatur, Cic. – bes. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Caelium ad illum attulisse se quaerere etc., Cic.: cum crebri nuntii afferrent male rem gerere Darium, Nep.: cum alii atque alii nuntii bellum instare afferrent, da eine Nachricht über die andere den nahen Ausbruch des Kriegs ankündigte, Liv.: alius praesens terror (Schreckensnachricht) affertur Scythas adventare, Curt.: u. im Passiv, crebri rumores afferuntur (es verbreitet sich ein Gerücht über das andere) Belgas contra populum Rom. coniurare, Caes.: u. unpers., paucis ei diebus affertur (läuft die Nachricht ein) conventum Cordubensem ab eo defecisse, Auct. b. Alex.: dictatorem eum dictum... Veios allatum est, ist die Nachricht gelangt od. eingelaufen, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 8, 17, 7. Drak. u. Fabri 22, 14, 11 viele Beisp.).

    2) einen Beweis, Grund usw. od. etw. als Beweis, Grund, Behauptung, Widerlegung, Entschuldigung bei- od. vorbringen, vorschlagen, anführen, angeben (s. Müller Liv. 1, 23, 6), indicium conscientiae, Curt.: causam, Cic.: vana, haud vana, Liv.: argumentum (als Beweis) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., aquam... mitescere, Curt. 6, 4 (12), 18: rationes, cur hoc ita sit, Cic.: affers haec omnia argumenta, cur di sint, Cic.: u. mit indir. Fragesatz (s. die Auslgg. zu Cic. Tusc. 1, 70. Sorof Cic. de or. 3, 78), cur credam, afferre possum, kann ich (den Grund) angeben, Cic. – nihil afferunt, qui negant, man bringt etwas Nichtssagendes vor, wenn man behauptet, nicht usw., Cic.: hic mihi afferunt mediocritates, da kommen sie mit ihren M., Cic.: aetatem, zur Entschuldigung anführen, Cic.

    3) jmdm. etw. beibringen, herbeiführen = hervorbringen, hervorrufen, eintragen, veranlassen, bewirken, verursachen, machen, geben, für jmd. mit sich führen od. bringen, nach sich ziehen (bes. v. Umständen, Ereignissen usw., s. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 7, 12 u. 1, 39, 10. Nägelsb. Stil. § 107, 1), insaniam, Caecil. com.: alci mortem, Plaut. u. Cic.: alci causam mortis voluntariae, Cic.: alci perniciem, interitum, Cic.: detrimentum, incommodum, Caes.: alci laetitiam, delectationem, dolorem, Cic.: alci parem invidiam, Tac.: alci odium, contemptum, Curt.: alci curam maiorem, Cic.: multas alci lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem, Cic.: festinationes (Eile über Eile), Cic.: salutem alci, Cic.: alci rei, Caes.: alci crimen, zum Vorwurf gereichen, Cic.: in re militari nova, neue Einrichtungen herbeiführen, Nep.: non (illa praesidia) afferunt oratori aliquid, haben für den Redner etwas an sich (üben einige Gewalt auf den R. aus), Cic. – v.d. Zeit, nunc hic dies aliam vitam affert, Ter. Andr. 189: multa diem tempusque afferre posse, Liv. 42, 50, 3: quod optanti divom promittere nemo auderet, volvenda dies en attulit ultro, Verg. Aen. 9, 6 sq.

    4) zu irgend einem Zweck od. Erfolg beitragen, communes utilitates in medium (Gemeinnützliches, zum Gebrauch aller), Cic.: multam utilitatem rei publicae atque societati, Cic. – dah. afferre aliquid, zu etwas beitragen, bei etwas nützen, helfen, mit folg. ad u. Akk. od. bl. Dat., aliquid ad communem utilitatem, Cic.: ad bene vivendum aliquid, Cic.: u. das Gegenteil, nihil afferre, nichts beitragen, -nützen, ad communem fructum, Cic.: u. in der Frage, quid oves aliud afferunt (nützen), nisi ut homines vestiantur, Cic.

    5) etwas als Zutat, Zuwachs hinzubringen, hinzufügen, multa addunt atque afferunt de suo, Cic.: ad paternas magnas necessitudines magnam attulit accessionem tua voluntas erga me, Cic.: quis attulerit, wer die Klausel (der Rogation) angefügt habe, ihr Urheber sei, Cic. – / Parag. Infin. Präs. Pass. adferrier, Plaut. aul. 571. – spätlat. afferet (= affert), Itala (Fuld.) Matth. 13, 23: Imperat. affers (= affer), Poët. b. Fulg. myth. 3, 8. Itala Luc. 13, 7 u.a. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 294): afferitis (= afferte), Itala (Verc.). Ioann. 21, 10.

    lateinisch-deutsches > affero

  • 57 assum [1]

    1. as-sum (ad-sum), affuī (adfuī), adesse, u. dazu afforem (adforem) = affutūrus (adfutūrus) essem, affore (adfore) = affutūrum esse, anwesend-, zugegen sein, dasein (Ggstz. abesse), zuw. auch herzukommend dasein = erscheinen, sich einstellen, I) im allg.: a) v. Pers.: α) mit dem Körper, absol., ades u. adesdum, sei da = bleib da, Komik. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 29): heri, cum non adessetis, Cic.: omnes, qui aderant, alle Anwesenden, Caes.: cum hostes adessent, anrückten, Liv. – m. Ang. wie? assum praesens praesenti tibi, Plaut.: adest praesens vir singulari virtute, M. Bibulus, Cic.: praesto etiam assum, Acc. fr.: sed ubi est frater? Ch. praesto adest, Ter.: fit enim nescio qui, ut quasi coram adesse videare, cum scribo aliquid ad te, Cic.: ibi tum filius cum illis unā aderat frequens, Ter. – m. Ang. wo? sed hic num quis adest? Plaut.: iam ego inibi adero, Pompon. com. fr.: iam hic adero, gleich bin ich wieder da, Ter.: u. so prius ego tuā opinione hic adero, Plaut.: domi assitis facite, Ter.: assum apud te, genitor, Acc. fr.: apud te assum Sosia idem, Plaut.: mane ad portam adesse, Cic.: in tabernaculo, Plaut.: in foro, Liv.: ante oculos, Verg.: portis (Dat.), Verg.: m. Abl. od. Genet. loc., Amphipoli, Brundisi, Liv.; vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 45, 28, 8. – m. Ang. woher? u. auf welchem Wege? hi ex Africa iam affuturi videntur, Cic.: adsum atque advenio Acheronte vix viā altā atque arduā per speluncas saxis structas, Enn. fr.: Galli per dumos aderant, Verg. – mit Ang. wohin? huc ades, o formose puer, komm hierher, Verg.: quaeritis, quare huc assim, Ov.: primā face cubiculum tuum adero, werde ich in deinem Gemach erscheinen, Apul. met. 2, 10: u. so ibid. 5, 5 in. – β) mit dem Geiste, in der Formel adesse animo od. (v. mehreren) animis, mit dem Geiste zugegen sein, sowohl um gehörig aufzumerken, ades animo, Ter., od. bl. ades, Plaut., gib acht! (s. Brix Plaut. Men. 643): eum non affuisse animo, Cic.: adestote omnes animis, Cic.: adeste aequo animo! schenkt ein geneigtes Gehör! Ter. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. prol. 24). – als auch um die Geistesgegenwart, den Mut nicht zu verlieren, gefaßt sein, ruhig sein, ades animo et omitte timorem, Scipio, Cic.: quam ob rem adeste animis, iudices, et timorem, si quem habetis, deponite, Cic. – b) v. Lebl., bes. v. körperl., geistigen u. zeitlichen Zuständen u. Verhältnissen, dasein, vorhanden sein, zur Hand sein, zu Gebote stehen, zuw. auch im Anzuge sein, bevorstehen, sich zeigen, frumentum conferri, comportari, adesse dicere, Caes.: largitur in servos, quantum aderat pecuniae, Tac.: ubi vis, dona tibi adsunt a Phaedria, kommen dir, Ter. – tanti aderant vesicae et viscerum (al. torminum) morbi, ut etc., Cic.: etiamsi certa pestis adesset, (se) mansurum potius, quam etc., Sall. – isto bono utare, dum adsit, cum absit, ne requiras, Cic.: corpore nihil nisi praesens et quod adest sentire possumus, Cic.: illis robur aetatis affuerat, Tac.: vim affore verbo crediderat, Verg. – assunt multa eius rei exempla, Quint.: adest ingens seditio, ingens certamen, Liv.: si iam adest vitae meae finis, Curt.: adesse supremam horam, Curt.: vesper adest, Catull.: aderat iudicio dies, Liv.: adesse Romanis ultimum diem, Liv.: nunc adest occasio bene facta cumulare, Plaut.: nunc probrum atque partitudo prope adest, ut fiat palam, Plaut.: aderit tempus od. dies, cum etc., es wird die Zeit kommen, wo usw., Acc. tr. u. Komik. (s. Ribbeck Coroll. ad Tragic. Fragm. p. LVIII sq.): u. so bl. prope adest, cum etc., bald kommt die Zeit, wo usw., Komik. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 152).

    II) in bestimmter Absicht dasein, erscheinen, zugegen sein, auf dem Platze sein, bei der Hand sein, nahe sein u. in bestimmter Absicht erscheinen, sich einstellen, a) übh.: α) v. Menschen: primum me ipsum vigilare, adesse, Cic.: ipse dux hostium suis aderat atque eos hortabatur, Caes. – m. Ang. wo? od. wobei? oft zugl. m. Ang. als wer? durch Adjj. od. Substst., Caesar ubique aderat, Vell.: nunc ultro ad cineres et ossa parentis assumus, Verg.: in agmine modo in primis modo in postremis aderat, Sall.: in operibus, in agmine atque ad vigilias multus (fleißig) adesse, Sall.: egomet in agmine, in proelio consultor idem et socius periculi vobiscum adero, Sall.: in eo cornu non Poetelius solus, sed Sulpicius etiam hortator affuerat, Liv. (vgl. suus cuique animus memor ignominiae adhortator aderat, Liv.). – u. (als Feind) m. Angabe gegen wen? adversus hostes, Sall.: in semisomnos barbaros, Tac. – m. Ang. wie gestimmt? durch Adjj., iam omnes feroces aderant, Sall.: Numidae infensi adesse atque instare, Sall.: Masinissa dies noctesque infestus aderat, Liv. – m. Ang. des Zweckes wozu? durch ad m. Akk., nunc ades ad parendum vel ad imperandum potius, stell dich, um Order zu parieren oder vielmehr um Order zu erhalten, Cic.: adsint tempori (zur rechten Zeit) ad metendum, Gell.: adesse ad magnitudinem beneficiorum, zum Empfang so großer Wohltaten gleich bei der Hand sein, Tac. – od. durch Infin., non Teucros delere aderam, Sil. 9, 532. – u. unpers. (vgl. πάρεστί μοι), aderit cognoscere, man wird erkennen können, Avien. progn. 80. – β) v. der Gottheit, adsis placidusque iuves, Verg.: m. Ang. wie? als wer? adsis favens, Verg.: sui sceleris ultores adesse deos, Curt. – m. Ang. wem? durch Dat., origini Romanae, rebus Romanis, sich gnädig zeigen, förderlich sein, unser »sein mit« usw., Liv.: querelis nostris, armis (nostris), unserer Kl., unserer W. sich annehmen, Liv.: si fortuna coeptis affuerit, hold ist, Tac.: fortunam et deos et numen Othonis adesse consiliis, adfore conatibus testabantur, Tac. – b) als Teilnehmer, Zeuge, Zuschauer zugegen sein, erscheinen, einer Sache beiwohnen, an etw. teilnehmen, bei etw. mitwirken, m. Ang. wo? od. wobei? ad suffragium, Cic.: in senatu, Cic.: in hac re, Ter.: in magnis rebus, Nep.: in pariundo, Ter. Andr. 771: durch Dat., comitiis, Cic.: pugnae, Liv.: omnibus periculis, Nep.: colloquio, Lic.: convivio, spectaculo, Suet.: eorum recitationibus, Plin. ep.: cur istuc vadimonio assum? Nov. fr. – absol., is dies, quo me adesse iusserat, Cic.: quasi nusquam adfueris (verst. in pariundo), Tert.: nec adfuisse usque Philippum, Curt.: ut paene liberum sit senatori non adesse, zu kommen und nicht zu kommen, Cic.: ille nec iratos sensit adesse deos, Ov. – u. in der publiz. Formel adesse scribendo senatus consulto od. decreto, bei Abfassung eines Senatsbeschlusses zugegen sein, Cic.: u. bl. adesse scribendo, SC. b. Cic. – c) als Berater, als Beistand einer Pers. od. Sache zur Seite stehen, beistehen, jmds. od. einer Sache sich annehmen (Ggstz. abesse, deesse, s. Oudend. Schol. ad Cic. ep. p. 66), semper absenti Deiotaro, Cic.: alcis rebus, Cic.: intercessioni, Liv.: ego apud consulem deprecator defensorque vobis adero, Liv.: alci (einem Richter od. Fürsten) adesse in consilio, Cic. u. Nep. – So namentl. v. Rechtsbeistande, als Verteidiger, Vertreter erscheinen, sich jmds. od. einer Sache als Vertreter annehmen, jmd. od. eine Sache vertreten, ius qui profitebitur, adsit, Ov.: volo ego adesse hic advocatos nobis in turba hac, Ter.: u. so adesse Quinctio, amicis, Cic.: partibus, Plin. ep.: tali causae, Quint.: ei sententiae, Plin. – m. Ang. wozu? durch ad m. Akk., ad hanc rem, Ter.: ad defendendam causam, Ter.: ad rem agendam, Cael. fr. b. Quint. – m. Ang. wo? durch in m. Abl., in iudicio, Cic.: in foro, Liv. – m. Ang. in welcher Sache? durch in m. Abl., in hac causa, Cic.: u. (bildl.) in sua causa omnium libertati, Liv. – m. Ang. gegen wen? contra Satrium, Cic.: adversus privatum intemperantius, Suet. – d) als Angeklagter od. Ankläger vor Gericht erscheinen, α) als Angeklagter, sich stellen, adesse iuberi, Cic.: Amphipoli (zu A.) adesse iuberi, Liv.: u. alqm Amphipoli adesse iubere, Liv.: adesse ad iudicium, Cic. – β) als Ankläger, adesse in iudicio, Cic. Verr. 4, 113 (vgl. no. c): citatus accusator M. Pacilius nescio quo casu non respondit, non adfuit, Cic. Verr. 2, 98. – / Archaist. Konj. Präs. adsiem, Verg. catal. 5, 6: adsies, Prud. perist. 2, 569: adsiet, Plaut. asin. 415; Pseud. 924 u. 1114. Ter. adelph. 619. Cato r. r. 141, 4: adsient, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 198, 32. Ter. Phorm. 313. – arch. Konj. Imperf. adesent = adessent, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196, 6. – arch. Fut. adessint = aderunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 198, 63. – arch. Perf. arfuerunt = adfuerunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196, 2. – archaist. Infin. Perf. arfuisse (= adfuisse), SC. de Bacch. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196. lin. 21.

    lateinisch-deutsches > assum [1]

  • 58 cado

    cado, cecidī, cāsūrus, ere (altind. çad-, Perf. çaçáda, Fut. çatsyanti, »abfallen, ausfallen«), fallen, sinken, zuw. auch sich senken, I) im allg.: A) eig.: a) v. lebl. Subjj., absol.: quare calix, si cecidit, frangitur; spongia, si cecidit, non frangitur, Sen.: bis patriae cecidere manus, Verg.: articulus ad numerum cadens, der nach dem Takte sich senkende Finger, Cic. – a mento cadit manus, Ov.: arma alci cadunt de manibus, Cic. (u. arma de manibus alcis delapsa cadunt, Cic.): cadere ex muro, Liv.: ex arbore, Plin.: e celsiore scopulo, von einer steilen Höhe herabstürzen (bildl.), Amm.: de tertio cenaculo deorsum, ulg.: tum arbores in te cadent, Plaut.: caelo u. de caelo (v. Meteorsteinen), Liv.: sinu, Ov. – in terram, Cic., od. ad terram, Quint.: in sinum, Ov.: in alqm, Plaut.: supra caput alcis, Lucr. – in Euboico litore saxea pila cadit, Verg. – deorsum, Plaut.: gravatim, Lucr. So nun bes.: α) v. Geschossen, fallen, cadunt tela retusa, Ov.: in hostem, Curt.: in humum, Curt. – frustra, Sen.: ut tela in vanum cadant, Sen.: levius, auffallen, Caes. – so auch v. Blitzen, cadentia (einschlagende) fulmina, Curt.: quaecumque cadent, in te fulmina missa putes, Ov.: caelo cadunt fulmina, Petr.: fulmina paucorum periculo cadunt, omnium metu, Sen. – β) v. Würfel u. Wurf, fallen, ut (talus) cadat rectus, Cic. Tusc. 3, 54: u. (im Bilde) iudice fortunā cadat alea, Petr. poët. 122. v. 174; vgl. auch Ter. adelph. 741. – u. v. Lose, im Bilde, Liv. 2, 12, 16. – γ) v. Segeln, eingezogen werden, vela cadunt, Verg. Aen. 3, 207. Ov. fast. 3, 585. Gloss. IV, 468, 28. u. (bildl. = der Zorn legt sich) Ov. art. am. 1, 373. – δ) v. Gewändern, pallium interdum cadit, ut candidos nudet umeros, Hieron. ep. 117, 7 extr. – ε) v. Flüssigkeiten (v. Regen, Schnee, Tau, Wassertropfen, Wellen, Gewässern, Tränen usw.), fallen, sich ergießen, cadere imbres, Lucr.: imbres cadentes, Mela: nix cadens, Lucr.: cadentes assidue nives, Mela: ad cenam non ibo, si nives cadent, Sen. (vgl. nix): guttae cadentes, Cic.: ros cadit, Plaut., rores cadunt, Plin.: lacrimae tam iuste cadentes, Sen.: ha lacrimae per elisionem cadunt nolentibus nobis, Sen.: sine fine cadentes aquae (Regengüsse), Sen.: haemorrhoides cadere cogit, Scribon.: e capillis ros cadit, Ov.: cadunt toto de corpore guttae, Ov.: u. (im Bilde) Graeco fonte cadent (verba), Hor.: ut (Athos) aestimetur altior, quam unde imbres cadunt, Solin. – in ora, per genas (von Tränen), Ov.: in petram (v. einer Quelle), Curt.: in sinum maris (v. einem Flusse), Liv.: u. so in mare (v. einem Sumpfe), Curt.: in Maeandrum (v. einem Flusse), Liv.: ex India in Hyrcaniam (v. Meere), Curt. – silanus iuxta cadens (plätschernder), Cels. – ζ) v. Schatten, fallen, altis de montibus, Verg.: umbra modo brevior modo longior hāc vel illā cadit, Sen.: arboris antiquae quā levis umbra cadit, Tibull.: in ea India umbrae in meridiem cadunt, Plin.: ne umbrae in corpora cadant (auf einem Gemälde), Quint.: longius cadentes umbrae, die sich verlängernden (der Menschen), Flor. – η) v. dem, was auf natürlichem Wege von selbst od. künstlich sich trennt, sich loslöst u. abfällt, fallen, ab-, ausfallen, ausgehen, priora (medicamenta) fasciā deliganda sunt, ne per somnum cadant, Cels. – an od. von Bäumen od. Pflanzen, folia nunc cadunt, Plaut.: arbori od. ex arbore folia cadunt, Plin.: u. casuri flosculi, Quint.: motis poma cadunt ramis, Ov.: u. folia de arboribus cadunt, Mythogr. Lat. – am od. vom tier. Körper, donec crustae cadant, Cels.: vitiosi ungues cadunt, Cels.: cadunt capilli, Petr.: cadit pilus quadrupedibus, Plin.: a fronte (am Vorderhaupt) cadunt pili, Vulg.: tondenti barba cadit, Verg.: cadit dens, Cels.: dentes cadunt, Plaut. u. Plin.: cadunt alci dentes, Sen. – θ) v. der Sonne u.a. Gestirnen, v. Tage, v. Jahreszeiten, sinken, sich neigen, untergehen (Ggstz. oriri), in densam umbram, Curt., od. in mare, Flor. (v. der Sonne): in Oceanum (v. Gestirnen), Prop.: Delia (Mond) exoriens simul atque cadens, Manil. – infra caelum et sidera nox cadit, die Nacht erhebt sich nicht bis zum Himmel u. bis zu den Sternen, Tac.: quā (wo) tristis Orion cadit, Hor. – hiems cecidit (ist dahin), referent illam sui menses, Sen. ep. 36, 11. – dah. sol cadens, poet. = Abend, Westen, iuxta solem cadentem, Verg. Aen. 4, 480: soli subiecta cadenti arva, Avien. descr. orb. 273. – ι) v. Winden, Stürmen, Orkanen, sich legen (Ggstz. surgere; vgl. Drak. Liv. 26, 39, 8 u. 29, 27, 10), ventus premente nebulā cecidit, Liv.: ubi primum aquilones (ii namque per aliquot dies tenuerunt) cecidere, Liv.: cadente iam euro, Liv.: sic cunctus cecidit pelagi fragor, Verg. – κ) v. Worten usw., dem Munde entfallen, sic iterat voces et verba cadentia tollit, Hor.: haec aliis male dicta cadant, Tibull.: neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadant, Prop.: haud irritae cecidere minae, Liv. – λ) (als gramm. u. rhet. t. t.) v. Wort- u. Tonfall, abfallen, verlaufen, enden, quod verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt, Cic.: quā (litterā m) nullum Graecum verbum cadit, Quint.: quae cadunt similiter, gleiche Abfälle (ὁμοιόπτωτα; dagegen quae similiter desinunt, gleiche Ausgänge [wie unsere Reime], ὁμοιοτέλευτα), Cic. de or. 3, 206: similiter cadens (Gleichheit des Falles) exornatio appellatur, cum etc., Cornif. rhet. 4, 28: ultima syllaba in gravem cadit, Quint. – cadere numerose, aptissime, Cic.: numerus opportune cadens, Quint.

    b) v. leb. Wesen, α) übh.: ubi circumvortor (mich im Tanze herumdrehe), cado, Plaut.: et labaris oportet et arietes et cadas, Sen.: cecidit coxamque fregit, Plin. ep.: sanis pedibus suis cecidit, pedem fregit, Augustin.: fratrem suum pugno ictum a Kaesone cecidisse, Liv.: si prolapsus cecidisset, Liv.: cadere solere u. saepius cadere (v. Fallsüchtigen), Cels. u. Plin. Val.: u. (im Bilde) magnus orator minime in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit, numquam cadet, Cic.: u. (im Bilde), securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – ab alto (v. Vögeln), Plin.: de equo, Plaut. u. Cic.: de sella, Augustin. – alci ad pedes, Eutr.: in terram, in die Erde sinken (v. Körper), Cic.: alte in terram, Varr. fr.: in pedes alcis, Sen. rhet.: in patrios pedes, Ov.: in vulnus, Liv.: in vultus, Ov.: in transtra, sich ganz auf die Ruderbänke niederbeugen (= mit voller Kraft rudern), Lucan.: alci ad pedes, Eutr. 4, 7. Augustin. serm. 143, 4: alcis ad pedes, Vulg. Luc. 8, 41 u. Ioann. 11, 32: super collum alcis (jmdm. um den Hals), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20. – praecipitem, Verg.: pronum, Ov.: supinum, Suet.: honestius, Suet. – β) vom Weibe = sich einem Manne hingeben (Ggstz. demitti), Plaut. Pers. 656. Tibull. 4, 10, 2. Sen. contr. 1, 3, 7. – γ) v. Neugeborenen, de matre cadens, Stat. Theb. 1, 60: matre cadens, Val. Flacc. 1, 355. – u. v. der Sitte, Neugeborene vor die Füße des Vaters zu legen, tellure cadens, Stat. silv. 1, 2, 209 u. 5, 5, 69.

    B) übtr.: a) wohin fallen = kommen, geraten, α) übh.: abrupte in narrationem, in die E. wie mit der Tür ins Haus fallen (v. Redner), Quint. 4, 1, 79. – β) in od. auf eine Zeit fallen, in ihr eintreten, in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, Cic.: considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus, Cic. – bes. v. Zahlungen, fällig werden, einkommen, in eam diem cadere nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic.: sed ei ex praediis, ut cadet, ita solvetur, Cic. – γ) in die Sinne od. geistige Anschauung fallen, kommen, ihr anheimfallen, unterworfen werden, sub sensum aliquem, Cic.: sub sensum cernendi, Cic.: sub oculos, sub aspectum, in conspectum, Cic.: sub aspectum et tactum, Cic.: sub aurium mensuram aliquam, Cic.: sub iudicium sapientis et delectum, Cic.: sub intellegentiam, Cic.: in deliberationem, in nostram intellegentiam, Cic.: ne in cogitationem quidem, nicht einmal gedacht werden können, Cic. – δ) in eine gewisse Klasse usw. fallen, ihr zufallen, anheimfallen, zu ihr gehören, in idem genus orationis, Cic.: u. sub eandem rationem, Cic.: in unam quaestionem (v. mehreren), Quint.: sub nullam regulam cadere posse, unter keine Regel gebracht werden können, Sen.: ultra medicinae professionem, Scrib. – ε) in einen Zustand, in ein Verhältnis fallen, verfallen, geraten, ihm anheimfallen, von Pers., in morbum, Cic.: in unius potestatem, Cic.: sub populi Romani imperium ditionemque, Cic.: in offensionem alcis, Cic.: in suspicionem alcis, Nep.: u. in aliquam vituperationem, Cic.: in peccatum, der S. verfallen, Augustin. in psalm. 65, 13. – ζ) an jmd. fallen, jmdm. zufallen, anheimfallen = zuteil werden, m. Ang. an wen? durch ad m. Akk., regnum praeceps ad servitia (die Sklaven) cadit, Liv.: ad regna alcis, Lucr. – u. durch Dat., quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti (Abl.), Verg. – η) auf jmd. fallen, d.i. jmd. treffen, auf jmd. od. etw. Anwendung finden, auf od. für jmd. od. etw. passen, jmdm. beigelegt-, zugemutet werden können, mit etw. stimmen, non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc hominem ista suspicio, Cic.: hoc verbum, hoc nomen cadit in alqm, Cic.: non cadit in te superbia, Curt.: cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri emolumenti sui causā, criminari etc.? Cic.: cadit igitur in eundem et misereri et invidere, Cic.: in consuetudinem nostram non caderet, es würde mit unserem Sprachgebrauche nicht übereinstimmen, Cic.

    b) seinem Verlaufe od. Erfolge nach fallen = eintreten, sich ereignen, sich zutragen, so u. so ausfallen, ablaufen, von Ereignissen, Versprechen u. dgl., quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, Liv.: si quid adversi casurum foret, Liv.: quid, si hostem habuissemus, casurum fuisset, Liv.: vota cadunt, treten ein, d.i. gehen in Erfüllung, Tibull. 2, 2, 17 (versch. von omnia ingrato litore vota cadunt, im Bilde = bleiben unerfüllt, Prop. 1, 17, 4). – c. fortuito, Cic.: c. feliciter, Sen. rhet.: c. male, Caes.: hoc adhuc percommode cadit, quod (daß usw.), Cic.: quod melius caderet nihil vidi, Cic.: res cecidit praeter opinionem, Nep., od. aliter ac putaram, Cic.: cecidit ut volumus et optamus (ganz erwünscht), Cic.: commodius cadere non potuit, Cic.: durius et contra praedicta cadentibus rebus, Suet. – si non omnia caderent secunda, Caes.: ut irrita promissa eius caderent, Liv. – res quocunque cadent etc., Verg.: leviter curare videtur, quo promissa cadant, Hor.: etsi verebar, quorsum id casurum esset, Cic.: aliorsum vota ceciderunt, Flor. – ni misericordia in perniciem casura esset, Cic.: cadere ad od. in irritum, fehlschlagen, vereitelt werden, fruchtlos bleiben (v. Hoffnung usw.), Liv. u. Tac.: so auch in cassum, Plaut. u. Lucr., u. frustra, Tac. – m. Ang. wem? etw. eintritt, sich ereignet, begegnet, durch Dat., ut nihil ipsis iure incommodi cadere possit, Cic.: insperanti mihi cecidit, ut etc., Cic.: hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod etc., Cic.: nihil mihi optatius cadere potest, quam ut etc., Cic.: qua in re mihi videtur illud perquam venuste (ganz allerliebst) cecidisse, ut (daß) etc., Cael. in Cic. ep.: sed certe a te mihi omnia semper honesta et iucunda ceciderunt, Cic. – nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit, schlägt um in usw. (wie μεταβάλλει), Cic. de rep. 1, 68.

    c) gleichs. zu Boden fallen, sinken, α) v. Pers., αα) durch Verlust der Macht, des Ansehens, des Kredits im Staats- u. Privatleben, turpius est enim privatim cadere quam publice, Cic.: tam graviter c., Cic.: eminentis vitae exitus est cadere, Sen. – ββ) durch Verlust des Prozesses, fallen = den Prozeß verlieren, verurteilt werden, absol., Tac. hist. 4, 6: in iudicio, Cic.: causā, Cic. u. ICt., od. formulā, Sen. u. Quint., infolge eines Formfehlers den Prozeß verlieren (s. Piderit Cic. de or. 1, 166. Halm Cic. Mur. 9): coniurationis crimine, Tac.: ore impudico (accusatoris), Tac. – γγ) durch Verlust des moralischen Haltes, Mutes, frangi repente et ita cadere, ut nulla res te ad aequitatem animi possit postea extollere, Cic.: non debemus ita cadere animis (den Mut verlieren), quasi etc., Cic. ep. 6, 1, 4. – β) v. Lebl., αα) durch Abnahme der extensiven od. intensiven Stärke, sinken, schwinden, cadunt vires, Lucr.: cadit vis venti, Liv. – cadit alci ira, Liv., u. (poet.) cadit ira fulminis, Prop.: cadit ira metu, Ov. – ββ) durch Abnahme des moral. Haltes, sinken, entsinken, nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur (amicitia), Cic.: castris amissis od. alienis cladibus ceciderant animi, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 1, 11, 3): cecidere illis animique manusque, Ov. – γγ) durch Abnahme od. Verlust der Geltung, Macht, fallen, sinken, an Geltung-, an Bedeutung-, an Ansehen verlieren, pretia militiae casura in pace, Liv.: tua laus pariter cum re publica cecidit, Cic.: tanta civitas si cadet, Cic.: auctoritas principum cecidit, Cic.: multa renascentur, quae cecidere, cadentque quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, Hor.: si magnus vir cecidit, magnus iacuit, Sen. – huc cecidisse Germani exercitus gloriam, ut etc., so weit (so tief) sei der R. des germ. H. gesunken, daß usw., Tac. – Unpers., periculum est, ne cadatur, Augustin. de dono persev. 1.

    II) prägn., fallen = hinsinken, zusammensinken, a) v. lebl. Subjj.: α) fallen = einfallen, einsinken, zusammenfallen, -sinken, verfallen, versinken, cadunt toti montes, Lucr.: at mundus aliquando est casurus? Ps. Quint. decl. – v. menschl. Gliedmaßen, cadunt alci oculi, fallen zu, Cic.: cadentes in ipso opere oculi, Sen.: cadentes iam oculos ad meum nomen erexit, Sen. rhet.: venas cadentes vino fulcire od. reficere, Sen. – β) fallen = erobert u. zerstört werden, von Städten, non tota cadet Troia, Ov.: cadere Argolico sub milite Troiam, Ov.

    b) v. leb. Wesen, fallen, sinken = tot hinsinken, α) von Menschen, teils gewaltsam, sowohl durch fremde Hand, im Kampfe, Kriege, od. durch Gift, durch das Henkerschwert usw., hinterlistig usw., pauci de nostris cadunt, Caes.: pauci utrimque cecidere, Liv.: ante signa circaque omnes ceciderant, Liv.: adversum femur tragulā graviter ictus cecidit, Liv.: confossi ceciderunt, Liv. – cadere in acie, Cic., in proelio, in eo bello, Nep.: acie civili, Ov.: pugnā Cannensi, Liv.: inter signa Samnitium, Liv.: in Hispania, Liv. – in pio officio, Ov. – telis, Tac.: iaculo eminus, Ov.: u. Marte suo per mutua vulnera, Ov.: u. per alqm iustā morte, Hor.: per acies aut proscriptione, Tac.: fraude muliebri, Tac.: poenali gladio (unter dem Henkerschwert), Amm. 27, 12, 3. – pro patria, Quint.: pro optimatibus, Tac. – neque illius interest, quemadmodum aut ubi cadam, Iustin.: in pugna acceptis a forti adversario vulneribus honeste cadere, Cic.: super LX milia non armis telisque Romanorum, sed... oblectationi oculisque ceciderunt, Tac.: cadere cum dignitate, Cic.: iure belli, Tac. – m. Ang. von wem? durch ab m. Abl. (s. Burm. Ov. met. 5, 192. Nipp. Tac. ann. 16, 9. Ruhnk. Suet. Oth. 5, 1): a tanto viro, Ov.: a centurione advorsis vulneribus tamquam in pugna, Tac.: nihil referre an ab hoste in acie an in foro sub creditoribus caderet, Suet.: poet. durch bl. Abl., Thessalo victore, Hor. – m. Ang. wem zuliebe? durch Dat., illud rogo, legi potius quam scorto cadat (hingerichtet werde), Sen. contr. 9 (4), 25. § 8. – als durch eigene Hand, suā manu, Tac.: exitu voluntario, Tac. – teils durch Schicksals Hand, in den Tod-, ins Grab sinken, vivam, si vivet; si cadet illa, cadam, Prop. – cadere ferrove fatove, Ov. – β) v. Opfertieren, fallen = als Opfer geschlachtet werden, geopfert werden, si tener pleno cadit haedus anno, Hor.: hostia cadit ante aras, Verg.: quae prima hostia ante foculum cecidit, Val. Max. – m. Ang. wem? durch Dat., agna cadet vobis, Tibull.: ovis cadit deo, Ov.: u. (im Bilde) nostrae cadens ferus Hannibal irae, Corn. Sever. (poët.) bei Sen. suas. 6, 26. – / Abl. Partiz. Präs. cadenti, Lucr. 3, 466: Genet. Plur. cadentum, Verg. Aen. 10, 674 u. 12, 410. Sil. 4, 424.

    lateinisch-deutsches > cado

  • 59 obvius

    obvius, a, um (ob u. via), begegnend, entgegen, I) eig.: obviae litterae, unterwegs eintreffende, Tac.: obv. esse alci, Cic., od. fieri, Liv., in den Wurf kommen, entgegentreten, begegnen: obvios esse inter se, einander begegnen, Sall.: quidquid concitatis equis obvium esset, alles, was dem Laufe der Rosse entgegenträte, Curt.: alqm obvium habere, Tac. u. Iustin.: se dare alci obvium, begegnen, Liv.: ebenso dari alci obvium, jmdm. in den Wurf kommen, begegnen, Liv.: obvium ire hosti, entgegenrücken, Curt: litteras obvias alci mittere, Cic.: litterae mihi volant obviae, Cic.: cui mater se tulit obvia, Verg.: obvia cui Camilla occurrit, Verg.: alci obvius eo, Ov.: poterisne rotatis obvius ire polis, ne te citus auferat axis, kannst du der Umdrehung der Pole entgegengehen, ohne daß dich ihr rascher Flug davonträgt, Ov.: in obvio classi esse, der Fl. begegnen, Liv.: nullo obvio hoste, da sich kein F. entgegenstellte, Curt.: quidquid venerit obvium loquamur, was uns vor den Mund kommt, Mart.: u. so in legendo esse obvium (aufstoßen), v. Wörtern, Gell. 18, 12, 10: u. se dare obvios, plötzlich einfallen, v. Versen, Macr. sat. 5, 3, 1. – subst., obvius, iī, m., der Begegnende, libellus ab obvio quodam porrectus, Suet.: oft Plur., obvios percunctari, Cic.: obvios non videre, Quint.: passim obvii (wer in den Weg kam) caedebantur, Curt.: stercore in vultum et pectus ab omnibus obviis appetitus, Eutr. – II) übtr.: 1) entgegen (im Wege, in der Nähe, zur Hand) befindlich, -liegend, montes, qui obvii erant itineri adversariorum, die dem Marsche der G. im Wege lagen, Nep.: cubiculum obvium soli, Plin. ep.: calvitium quoquoversus obvium, sichtbar, Apul.: quidquid obvium erat (zur Hand war), quo armari possent, arripiunt, Curt. – bes. von Wörtern, oft vorkommend, gang und gäbe, est ›vestibulum‹ in sermonibus celebre atque obvium verbum, Macr. sat. 6, 8, 15: ›municipes‹ et ›municipia‹ sunt verba dictu facilia et usu obvia, Gell. 16, 13, 1. – 2) ausgesetzt, preisgegeben, furiis ventorum, Verg.: Graiis, Verg. – 3) nahe liegend, leicht-, bald zur Hand, opes, Tac.: urbana crimina, quorum obvii testes erant, Tac.: virtutem obviam et illaboratam habere, ungesucht und ohne Mühe, Quint.: cuncta prompta et obvia habere, Tac. – m. folg. Infin., cum obvium proximumque esset dicere ›dimidiā etc.‹, Gell. 3, 14, 12. – 4) entgegen-, zuvorkommend, leicht zugänglich, gefällig, comitas, Tac.: voluntas, Quint. – v. Pers., est obvius et expositus, Plin. ep. – 5) sich leicht einfindend, sich aufdrängend, obviā rerum similitudine et satietate, Tac. ann. 4, 33: exemplum velut obviā assentatione conquirere, Plin. ep. 1, 8, 17.

    lateinisch-deutsches > obvius

  • 60 prae

    prae, Adv. u. Praep. ( altindisch purprae, vor, vormals, griech. παραί, bei, verwandt mit per, pro, por, griech. παρά, περί, πρό), I) Adv., voran, voraus, i prae, abi prae, Plaut. u. Ter. – bildl., in den Verbndgg.: prae quam, prae ut od. praequam, praeut, im Vergleiche mit dem, daß usw., gegen das wie (od. daß), nihil hoc est praequam alios sumptus facit, Plaut.: ludum iocumque dicet illum alterum praeut huius rabies quae dabit, gegen das, wie der erst rasen wird, im Vergleich mit der Raserei dieses Menschen, Ter. – II) Praep. m. Abl. (solözist. mit Acc., wie Petron. 39, 12; 46, 1), A) eig. u. bildl. = vor, vorher, prae se mittere, Sall.: prae se agere armentum, vor sich hertreiben, Liv., captivos, Curt.: pugionem prae se tulit, vor sich gehalten, Cic.: dona ferunt prae se, Catull.: villa a tergo potius quam prae se flumen habeat, Colum. – bildl., in den Verbndgg. prae se ferre, vor sich her-, zur Schau tragen, offen an den Tag legen, scelus, vocem, Cic.: so auch prae se gerere, Cornif. rhet. u. Cic. – prae manu, vor der Hand, bei der Hand, zur Hand, aurum, quod fuit prae manu, Plaut.: si prae manu dederis, Ter.: si liber prae manibus est, Gell. – B) übtr.: 1) bei Gegenüberstellungen, Vergleichungen zur Angabe dessen, was dem anderen in irgend etwas zuvorgekommen ist, dasselbe also hinter sich zurückläßt = vor, gegen, im Vergleiche mit, prae nobis beatus, Cic.: Saguntini fide atque aerumnis incluti prae mortalibus, Sall. fr.: omnes prae illo parvos futuros, Nep.: Atticos prae se agrestes putat, Cic. – zur Bezeichnung des Vorzugs, omnia sibi postputavit esse prae meo commodo, Ter.: prae omnibus unus, vor allen, mehr als alle, Verg. – 2) zur Angabe des hindernden Grundes in negativen Sätzen = vor, wegen, reliqua prae lacrimis scribere non possum, Cic.: nec loqui prae maerore potuit, Cic.: so auch prae metu, Cic.: prae gaudio, Ter.: prae ira, Liv.

    lateinisch-deutsches > prae

См. также в других словарях:

  • Hand — (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand bag — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand basket — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand bell — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand bill — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand car — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand director — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand drop — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand gallop — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand gear — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hand glass — Hand Hand (h[a^]nd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h[ o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin[thorn]an to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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