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1 argument
['ɑːgjumənt]n( reason) argument m; ( reasoning) rozumowanie nt; ( quarrel) kłótnia f, sprzeczka f; ( debate) dyskusja fargument for/against — argument za +instr /przeciw +dat
* * *1) (a quarrel or unfriendly discussion: They are having an argument about/over whose turn it is.) spór2) (a set of reasons; a piece of reasoning: The argument for/against going; a philosophical argument.) argument -
2 argue
['ɑːgjuː] 1. vi 2. vtto argue that … — utrzymywać, że …
to argue about sth — ( quarrel) sprzeczać się na temat czegoś; ( debate) dyskutować o czymś
to argue for/against sth — przedstawiać (przedstawić perf) argumenty za czymś/przeciw(ko) czemuś
* * *1) ((with with someone, about something) to quarrel with (a person) or discuss (something) with a person in a not very friendly way: I'm not going to argue; Will you children stop arguing with each other about whose toy that is!) kłócić/spierać się2) ((with for, against) to suggest reasons for or for not doing something: I argued for/against accepting the plan.) wysuwać argumenty (za, przeciw)3) ((with into, out of) to persuade (a person) (not) to do something: I'll try to argue him into going; He argued her out of buying the dress.) przekonywać4) (to discuss, giving one's reasoning: She argued the point very cleverly.) omawiać, przedstawiać, dowodzić•- arguable- argument
- argumentative -
3 case
[keɪs]przypadek m; ( JUR) sprawa f; (for spectacles, nail scissors) etui nt inv; ( for musical instrument) futerał m; ( BRIT) (also: suitcase) walizka f; ( of wine) skrzynka flower/upper case ( TYP) — małe/duże litery
to make (out) a case for/against — przedstawić argumenty za +instr /przeciw(ko) +dat
there's a strong case for/against — wiele przemawia za +instr /przeciw(ko) +dat
in case of — w przypadku +gen
in case he comes — na wypadek, gdyby przyszedł
in any case — ( at any rate) w każdym razie; ( besides) zresztą, poza tym; ( no matter what) tak czy owak
* * *I [keis] noun1) (an instance or example: another case of child-beating; a bad case of measles.) przypadek2) (a particular situation: It's different in my case.) przypadek3) (a legal trial: The judge in this case is very fair.) proces4) (an argument or reason: There's a good case for thinking he's wrong.) podstawa5) ((usually with the) a fact: I don't think that's really the case.) prawda, fakty, rzeczywistość6) (a form of a pronoun (eg he or him), noun or adjective showing its relation to other words in the sentence.) przypadek•- in case- in case of
- in that case II [keis] noun1) (a container or outer covering: a case of medical instruments; a suitcase.) skrzynka, walizka2) (a crate or box: six cases of whisky.) skrzynka, karton3) (a piece of furniture for displaying or containing things: a glass case full of china; a bookcase.) szafka -
4 decide
[dɪ'saɪd] 1. vt 2. vito decide to — decydować się (zdecydować się perf) +infin
to decide that … — decydować (z(a)decydować perf), że …
to decide on/against doing sth — postanawiać (postanowić perf) coś zrobić/czegoś nie robić
* * *1) (to (cause to) make up one's mind: I have decided to retire; What decided you against going?) decydować się, przekonywać2) (to settle or make the result (of something) etc certain: The last goal decided the match.) rozstrzygać -
5 hold
[həuld] 1. pt, pp held, vt( in hand) trzymać; ( contain) mieścić (pomieścić perf); qualifications posiadać; power, permit, opinion mieć; meeting, conversation odbywać (odbyć perf); prisoner, hostage przetrzymywać (przetrzymać perf)to hold sb responsible/liable — obarczać (obarczyć perf) kogoś odpowiedzialnością
to get hold of ( fig) — object, information zdobywać (zdobyć perf) +acc; person łapać (złapać perf) +acc (inf)
to get hold of o.s. — brać (wziąć perf) się w garść
to hold firm/fast — trzymać się mocno
he holds the view that … — jest zdania, że …
I don't hold with … — nie popieram +gen
hold still, hold steady — nie ruszaj się
Phrasal Verbs:- hold off- hold on- hold out- hold up2. viglue etc trzymać (mocno); argument etc zachowywać (zachować perf) ważność, pozostawać w mocy; offer, invitation być aktualnym; luck, weather utrzymywać się (utrzymać się perf); ( TEL) czekać (zaczekać perf)3. n( grasp) chwyt m; (of ship, plane) ładownia f* * *I 1. [həuld] past tense, past participle - held; verb1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) trzymać2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) trzymać3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) trzymać, przytrzymywać4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) wytrzymywać5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) zatrzymać6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) (po)mieścić7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) odbywać8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) trzymać się9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) zajmować stanowisko10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) uważać że, utrzymywać, mieć11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) być aktualnym, obowiązywać12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) zmusić do dotrzymania (obietnicy)13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) bronić14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) powstrzymać15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) utrzymywać16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) przetrzymać17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) obchodzić18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) posiadać19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) utrzymywać się20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) czekać (przy telefonie)21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) trzymać22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) przechowywać23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?) gotować2. noun1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) chwyt2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) wpływ3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) chwyt•- - holder- hold-all
- get hold of
- hold back
- hold down
- hold forth
- hold good
- hold it
- hold off
- hold on
- hold out
- hold one's own
- hold one's tongue
- hold up
- hold-up
- hold with II [həuld] noun((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) ładownia -
6 oppose
[ə'pəuz]vt(there is a need for) X as opposed to Y — (potrzebne jest) X, a nie Y
* * *[ə'pəuz]1) (to resist or fight against (someone or something) by force or argument: We oppose the government on this matter.) sprzeciwiać się2) (to act or compete against: Who is opposing him in the election?) być przeciwnikiem• -
7 opposition
[ɔpə'zɪʃən]n( resistance) opozycja f, opór m; (SPORT) przeciwnik mthe Opposition ( POL) — opozycja
* * *[opə'ziʃən]1) (the act of resisting or fighting against by force or argument: There is a lot of opposition to his ideas.) sprzeciw2) (the people who are fighting or competing against: In war and business, one should always get to know one's opposition.) przeciwnik -
8 bias
['baɪəs]n( prejudice) uprzedzenie nt; ( preference) przychylność f* * *1. noun1) (favouring of one or other (side in an argument etc) rather than remaining neutral: a bias against people of other religions.) stronniczość, uprzedzenie2) (a weight on or in an object (eg a bowl for playing bowls) making it move in a particular direction.) obciążenie2. verb(to influence (usually unfairly): He was biased by the report in the newspapers.) nastawić niechętnie- biassed- biased -
9 dispute
[dɪs'pjuːt] 1. nspór m2. vtfact, statement podawać (podać perf) w wątpliwość, kwestionować (zakwestionować perf); ownership etc spierać się o +acc* * *[di'spju:t] 1. verb1) (to argue against or deny: I'm not disputing what you say.) kwestionować2) (to argue (about): They disputed the ownership of the land for years.) spierać się o2. noun((an) argument or quarrel: a dispute over wages.) spór- disputation -
10 get the better of
(to overcome; to win (against): He got the better of his opponent / the argument.) pokonać -
11 right
[raɪt] 1. adj( correct) dobry, poprawny; ( suitable) właściwy, odpowiedni; ( morally good) dobry; ( not left) prawy2. n( what is morally right) dobro nt; ( entitlement) prawo nt; ( not left)3. adv 4. vt 5. exclthe right time — ( exact) dokładny czas; ( most suitable) odpowiedni czas
you are French, is that right? — jesteś Francuzem, prawda?
right before/after — tuż przed +instr /po +loc
right ahead — walk etc prosto przed siebie
right against the wall — przy samej ścianie, tuż przy ścianie
to right oneself — ship wyprostowywać się (wyprostować się perf)
* * *1. adjective1) (on or related to the side of the body which in most people has the more skilful hand, or to the side of a person or thing which is toward the east when that person or thing is facing north (opposite to left): When I'm writing, I hold my pen in my right hand.) prawy2) (correct: Put that book back in the right place; Is that the right answer to the question?) właściwy3) (morally correct; good: It's not right to let thieves keep what they have stolen.) słuszny4) (suitable; appropriate: He's not the right man for this job; When would be the right time to ask him?) odpowiedni2. noun1) (something a person is, or ought to be, allowed to have, do etc: Everyone has the right to a fair trial; You must fight for your rights; You have no right to say that.) prawo2) (that which is correct or good: Who's in the right in this argument?) słuszność, Racja!3) (the right side, part or direction: Turn to the right; Take the second road on the right.) prawa strona4) (in politics, the people, group, party or parties holding the more traditional beliefs etc.) prawica3. adverb1) (exactly: He was standing right here.) dokładnie2) (immediately: I'll go right after lunch; I'll come right down.) zaraz3) (close: He was standing right beside me.) tuż4) (completely; all the way: The bullet went right through his arm.) całkiem5) (to the right: Turn right.) w prawo6) (correctly: Have I done that right?; I don't think this sum is going to turn out right.) dobrze4. verb1) (to bring back to the correct, usually upright, position: The boat tipped over, but righted itself again.) wyprostować2) (to put an end to and make up for something wrong that has been done: He's like a medieval knight, going about the country looking for wrongs to right.) naprawić5. interjection(I understand; I'll do what you say etc: `I want you to type some letters for me.' `Right, I'll do them now.') dobrze- righteously
- righteousness
- rightful
- rightfully
- rightly
- rightness
- righto
- right-oh
- rights
- right angle
- right-angled
- right-hand
- right-handed
- right wing 6. adjective((right-wing) (having opinions which are) of this sort.) prawicowy- by rights
- by right
- get
- keep on the right side of
- get right
- go right
- not in one's right mind
- not quite right in the head
- not right in the head
- put right
- put/set to rights
- right away
- right-hand man
- right now
- right of way
- serve right -
12 side with
(to give support to in an argument etc: Don't side with him against us!) brać stronę
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