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81 clima subártico
(n.) = subarctic climateEx. Regions having a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) are characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and brief, warm summers.* * *(n.) = subarctic climateEx: Regions having a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) are characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and brief, warm summers.
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82 pistachero
m.pistachio tree.* * *1 pistachio tree* * *Ex. Pistachio trees do best in areas with dry, warm summers and cool winters.* * *Ex: Pistachio trees do best in areas with dry, warm summers and cool winters.
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83 viento del oeste
(n.) = westerly wind, westerlyEx. The lower monthly rainfall figures for July are made much worse by the incidence of strong westerly winds causing high evaporation rates.Ex. The lake lies just at the northern border of the strong westerlies influence with dry summers and humid winters.* * *(n.) = westerly wind, westerlyEx: The lower monthly rainfall figures for July are made much worse by the incidence of strong westerly winds causing high evaporation rates.
Ex: The lake lies just at the northern border of the strong westerlies influence with dry summers and humid winters. -
84 winter
1. n1) зима2) поет. рік життяwinter cherry — бот. фізаліс, марунка
winter crop — с.г. озимина
winter day (clothes, resdrt, season) — зимовий день (одяг, курорт, сезон)
winter quarters — місця зимівлі (тварин); військ. зимові квартири
winter sleep — зоол. зимова сплячка
winter solstice — астр. зимове сонцестояння
2. v1) зимувати; проводити зиму (де — at, in, on)2) перезимувати (про рослини)3) утримувати взимку (худобу тощо)4) охолоджувати, заморожувати* * *I n1) зима3) період застою, занепадуII a1) зимовийwinter sports — зимні види спорту; зимній ( про сорт яблук); зимостійкий ( про рослину)
2) озимийIII v1) (at, in, on) зимувати, проводити зиму2) перезимувати ( про рослини)3) годуватися зимою ( про птахів); утримувати зимою ( скотину)4) заморожувати -
85 TIGR
(gen. -ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m. a ten, decade, = tegr, tøgr, togr, tugr; tíu tigir manna, one hundred men; hálfan fjórða tøg skipa, thirty-five ships; sex ins fimta tigar, forty-six; vetri fátt í fjóra tigu, thirty-nine years.* * *tegr, also tögr, togr, tugr, m., gen. tigar, pl. tigir, acc. tigu (tögo, tugu), later tigi, Band. 36, Fb. iii. 578; [a Goth. tigus is suggested by the adj. -tigjus; A. S. tig, teg; O. H. G. zic, zuc; Germ. zebn; Dan. ty; Engl. ten.]A. A ten, decade. The ancient Scandinavians and Teutons had no indeclinable numeral adjectives from twenty to a hundred; the word tigr (like hundrað and þúsund) being a regular substantive. The ancient way of counting is therefore complex and curious; e. g. forty-one was called ‘four tens and one’ or ‘one of the fifth decade;’ forty-eight was called ‘four tens and eight,’ or by counting back, ‘five tens short of two,’ cp. the Lat. un-de-viginti, duo-de-triginta: forty-five was called ‘half the fifth ten,’ and so on, as will best be seen from the references below; and so it goes on to ‘one hundred and twenty,’ for in Icel. a hundred means the duodecimal hundred. In the 14th century (in deeds) ‘tigr’ began to lose its character of a substantive, eg. þrjátigir, fimtigir …, or þrjátigi, fimtigi (used inclecl.), whence at last came the mod. þrjátíu, fjörutíu, fimtíu …, the tíu being a contracted form from the acc. pl. tigu. At the same time hundrað and þúsund became indecl. adjectives, e. g. þrjátiu, brjúhundruð, þrjuþúsund skipum, for the old þrem tiguin hundruðum, þúsundum skipa.B. REFERENCES: þessi vetr fylidi annan tög aldrs Magnúss konungs, this winter completed the second ten, i. e. the twentieth year, of king Magnus’ life, Fms. vi. 90; þat skipti tögum, it amounted to tens, several tens, ii. 32; þrjá tigu manna, three tens of men, Eg. 41; á þrem tigum daga, on three tens of days, 656 A. ii. 14; þrír tigir hundraða, Dipl. v. 2; níu tigu manna, Eg. 62; þrettán tigi aura, Band. 36; nær fjórum tigum faðma töðu, well-nigh four tens of fathoms, i. e. forty, Dipl. v. 18; fjóra togo dægra, 655 iii. 3; sex togo hundraða, D.I. i. 350; sex tigir manna, Grág. ii. 194; sex tigir þúsunda manna, Post.; sex tigu hundraða, six tens of hundreds, i. e. sixty hundred, i. e. six thousand, Orkn. 416 old Ed.; tíu tigir manna, ten tens of men, i. e. one hundred, Nj. 191; tíu tigo fjár, K. Þ. K. 140; tíu tigum ásauðar, a hundred sheep, Dipl. v. 19; tíu tegu bæja, Fms. viii. 203: ellifu tigir vætta skreiðar, eleven tens, i. e. one hundred and ten, 655 iii. 4; even, þrettán tigi aura, thirteen tens, i. e. one hundred and thirty, Band. 36; fimtán tigum sinna, fifteen tens, i. e. one hundred and fifty, Dipl. ii. 14: repeating, fjóra tigi vetra ok fjóra vetr, four tens of winters and four winters, i. e. forty-four years, ÓH. (pref.); með tveim skipum ok átta togum skipa, Fms. x. 394; sex tigi vetra ok fjóra vetr, Ó. H. (pref.); þrjá tigi ára ok sex ár, three tens of years and six years, Bs. i. 30; eitt skip ok sjau tigu skipa, i. e. seventy-one, Fms. x. 344; hálfan fjórða tög vetra, half the fourth decade, i. e. thirty-five, vi. 430; hálfan fjórða tög skipa, i. 76; hálfr fimti tugr kúgilda, half the fifth decade, i. e. forty-five, Dipl. v. 18; hálfr þriði tögr manna, Ísl. ii. 387, Ld. 292; hálfr átti tögr kirkna, seventy-five, Clem.; á einu ári ins fimmta tigar konungdóms Hákonar, on the first year of the fifth ten, i. e. forty-first, Sturl. iii. 308; hann hafði vetr ens sétta tigar, one winter of the sixth ten, i. e. fifty-one, Fms. ix. 534; á öðru ári ens fjórða tigar, i. 67; annann vetr ens fjórða tigar konungdóms hans, Fms. x. 33, Bs. i. 74; fjóra vetr ens tíunda tegar, Ó. H. (pref.); sex ens fjórða tigar, i. e. thirty-six, Thorodd; vikur tvær ens sétta tegar, i. e. fifty-two, Íb. 7; hann hafði sjau vetr ens sjaunda tigar, i. e. sixty-seven, Ld. 330; á enum sjaunda vetri ens sjaunda tugar aldrs síns, Eb. 125 new Ed.; á enum sétta vetri ens átta tugar aldrs síns, Sturl. ii. 187; Þorkell hafði átta vetr ens fimta tigar þá er hann druknaði, i. e. forty-eight, Ld. 326; átta dagar ens níunda tegar, i. e. eighty-two, 1812. 49; átta aurar ens fimta tigar, Grág. ii. 144; á níunda ári ens sjaunda tigar ens tíunda hundraðs, in the ninth year of the seventh ten of the tenth hundred (i. e. 969 A. D.), Fms. i. 67; þá var Egill á níunda tigi, then was Egil in the ninth ten ( between eighty and ninety years of age), Eg. 764; vetri fátt í fjóra tigu, one year short of four tens, i. e. thirty-nine, Fms. x. 2, v. l.; lítið fátt í fimm tigi vetra, iii. 60; einu ári fátt í fimm tigi, i. e. forty-nine, … vetri einum fátt í níu tigi ára gamall, i. e. aged eighty-nine, Fb. iii. 578: curious is the phrase, af-tig gamall, = Lat. unde-viginti, aged ‘lacking twenty,’ i. e. nineteen years old, Fms. vii. 84 (in a verse); the context and chronology shew that this is the sense, and not as explained in Lex. Poët. s. v. afstigr: níu tigir ok tvau ár (elliptically dropping gen. ára), Dipl. v. 3; whence lastly as adj., þrítigir álnir (sic) lérepts, id.; fjöre-tiger manns, Bs. i. 867. As this method was somewhat unwieldy, the counting by twenty was also resorted to, cp. Gramm. xxi, sex merkr ok tuttugu; spænir þrír ok tuttugu, … sjautján merkr ok tuttugu, Bs. i. 874 (Laur. S.), or the word tigr was altogether discarded, and replaced by skor or sneis (Engl. score, Dan. snees). ☞ As in vellums the numbers are mostly represented by Roman figures, and abbreviations used, the editions cannot in these cases be implicitly relied on; the same is the case with old texts preserved in mod. paper transcripts. -
86 winter
adj. winter---------n. winter--------v. overwinteren; in de winter stallenwinter1[ wintə] 〈 zelfstandig naamwoord〉1 winter♦voorbeelden:1 in winter • 's winters, in de winterlast/this winter • afgelopen/komende winter————————winter2〈 werkwoord〉 -
87 wintry
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88 rigor
(Amer.) see academic.ru/62424/rigour">rigour* * *rig·orrig·our[ˈrɪgəʳ]AM rig·or[AM -ɚ]n3. (demanding conditions)▪ \rigors pl Härten pl* * *(US) ['rɪgə(r)]n1) no pl (= strictness) Strengef, Striktheitf2) pl (of climate, famine etc) Unbildenpl* * *1. Rigorosität f, Strenge f, Härte f:the full rigor of the law die volle Härte des Gesetzes2. Härte(akt) f(m)3. Härte f, Strenge f (des Winters), Rauheit f, Unfreundlichkeit f (des Klimas etc):the rigor(s) of the weather die Unbilden der Witterung4. Genauigkeit f, Exaktheit f, Striktheit frigor2 [ˈrıɡə(r)] s MED1. Schüttel-, Fieberfrost m* * *(Amer.) see rigour* * *n.Strenge -n f. -
89 rigour
noun(Brit.)1) (strictness) Strenge, diethe rigours of something — die Unbilden (geh.) einer Sache (Gen.)
* * *['riɡə]1) (strictness; harshness.) die Strenge2) ((also rigours noun plural) (of weather etc) the state of being very bad or unpleasant, or the hardship caused by this: the rigour(s) of life in the Arctic Circle.) die Strenge•- academic.ru/62423/rigorous">rigorous- rigorously
- rigorousness* * *rig·our[ˈrɪgəʳ]AM rig·or[AM -ɚ]n3. (demanding conditions)▪ \rigours pl Härten plthe \rigours of the winter die Härten des Winters* * *(US) ['rɪgə(r)]n1) no pl (= strictness) Strengef, Striktheitf2) pl (of climate, famine etc) Unbildenpl* * *1. Rigorosität f, Strenge f, Härte f:the full rigor of the law die volle Härte des Gesetzes2. Härte(akt) f(m)3. Härte f, Strenge f (des Winters), Rauheit f, Unfreundlichkeit f (des Klimas etc):the rigor(s) of the weather die Unbilden der Witterung4. Genauigkeit f, Exaktheit f, Striktheit f* * *noun(Brit.)1) (strictness) Strenge, die2) (of life, conditions, etc.) Härte, die; Strenge, diethe rigours of something — die Unbilden (geh.) einer Sache (Gen.)
* * *n.Härte -n f. -
90 hivernal
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91 Nelson, Sam
1896-1963Sam Nelson fue, basicamente, un hombre de Co lumbia, en su faceta de director y, sobre todo, en la de ayudante de direccion. En este ultimo cometido participa en peliculas de muy alto nivel. Valgan algunos ejemplos: La dama de Shanghai (Lady from Shan ghai, Orson Welles, 1947), El politico (All the King’s Men, Robert Rossen, 1949), Los cautivos (The Tall T, Budd Boetticher, 1957), El tren de las tres y diez (3:10 to Yuma, Delmer Daves, 1957) o Con faldas y a lo loco (Some Like It Hot, Billy Wilder, 1959). Como director, se pone al servicio de estrellas del western de los anos 30 y 40, en este caso, sobre todo, Charles Starrett, en peliculas modestas.Outlaws of the Prairie. 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Donald Grayson, Iris Meredith.Cattle Raiders. 1938. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Donald Grayson, Iris Meredith, Bob Nolan.Law of the Plains. 1938. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith.West of Cheyenne. 1938. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith.The Great Adventures of Wild Bill Hickcok (co-d.: Mack V. Wright). 1938. 15 capitulos. B y N. Columbia. Bill Elliott, Carole Wayne, Kermit Maynard.South of Arizona. 1938. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith.The Colorado Trail. 1938. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith, Hank Bell.West of the Santa Fe. 1938. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith.Rio Grande. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Ann Doran.The Thundering West. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Hank Bell, Iris Meredith.Texas Stampede. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith.North of the Yukon. 1939. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Linda Winters.Western Caravans. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith.The Man from Sundown. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Iris Meredith.Overland with Kit Carson (co-d.: Norman Deming). 1939. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Bill Elliott, Iris Meredith, Hal Taliaferro.The Stranger from Texas. 1939. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Adrian Booth.Pioneers of the Frontier. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Bill Elliott, Linda Winters, Dub Taylor.Bullets for Rustlers. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Adrian Booth.Konga, the Wild Stallion. 1940. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Fred Stone, Rochelle Hudson, Richard Fiske.Prairie Schooners. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Bill Elliott, Evelyn Young, Dub Taylor.Outlaws of the Panhandle. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Bob Nolan, Frances Robinson.Sagebrush Law. 1943. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Cliff Edwards, Joan Barclay.The Avenging Rider. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Cliff Edwards, Ann Summers. -
92 Introduction
Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.LAND AND PEOPLEThe Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into theAtlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)1864 4,287,000 first census1890 5,049,7001900 5,423,0001911 5,960,0001930 6,826,0001940 7,185,1431950 8,510,0001960 8,889,0001970 8,668,000* note decrease1980 9,833,0001991 9,862,5401996 9,934,1002006 10,642,8362010 10,710,000 (estimated) -
93 WINTER
[A]HIEMALIS (-E)HIBERNUS (-A -UM)BRUMALIS (-E)NIVALIS (-E)[N]HIEMS (HIEMIS) (F)HIEMPS (HIEMIS) (F)BRUMA (-AE) (F)FRIGUS (-ORIS) (N)LUX BRUMALIS (F)[V]HIBERNO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)HIEMO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)- IN WINTER- KEEP IN WINTER QUARTERS- OF TWO WINTERS- OF WINTER- WINTERS -
94 xȗdъ
xȗdъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: VIII 111-113Old Church Slavic:Russian:xudój `thin, lean, bad, full of holes' [adj o];xúže `wor'se' [comp]Czech:chudý `poor, bad, lean' [adj o]Slovak:chudý `thin, lean' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:hȗd (dial.) `bad, evil' [adj o];Čak. hȗt (Orbanići) `leaky, with a hole in it' [adj o], hudȁ [Nomsf], hȗdo [Nomsn]Slovene:hȗd `bad, evil' [adj o], húda [Nomsf]Indo-European reconstruction: ksoud-ó-IE meaning: smallPage in Pokorny: 625Comments: The fact that the root is not acute in Slavic, as one would expect in view of the *-d (Winters's law) is a consequence of Meillet's law.Other cognates:Skt. kṣudrá- `small' [adj]Notes:The fact that the root is not acute in Slavic, as one would expect in view of the *-d (Winters's law) is a consequence of Meillet's law. -
95 χειμέριος
χειμέριος, den Winter betreffend, im Winter, winterlich; ἄελλαι, Winterstürme; dah. stürmisch, regnerisch, frostig, kalt; ὥρη χειμερίη, die Winterzeit; auch allein, χειμερίῃσιν, sc. ὥραις, zur Winterzeit; χειμέριος νύξ, eine stürmische Nacht. Übertr. vom Unglück; χειμέριος, von dem, was in der Art des Winters ist, winterlich; χειμερινός von dem, was zur Zeit des Winters geschieht -
96 winter
[ˈwɪntə]winter зима; a hard (или severe) winter холодная зима winter поэт. год; of fifty winters 50-летний winter поэт. год; of fifty winters 50-летний winter зима; a hard (или severe) winter холодная зима winter перезимовать (о растениях) winter проводить зиму, зимовать winter содержать зимой (скот и т. п.) winter attr. зимний winter attr. озимый -
97 condition to
приспосабливать A child born in the far north is soon conditioned to the long cold dark winters. ≈ Человек, родившийся на крайнем Севере, быстро привыкает к долгим и темным полярным зимам.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > condition to
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98 slacken off
1) ослаблять, отпускать, распускать Slacken off those ropes there, there's a storm coming! ≈ Ослабь те канаты, надвигается шторм!
2) уменьшаться;
становиться менее активным House sales usually slacken off during our severe winters. ≈ Продажа домов обычно становится менее активной во время наших суровых зим. The students tend to slacken off after the first few weeks when their interest is new. ≈ Обычно студенты теряют интерес к учебе после первых нескольких недель занятий.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > slacken off
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99 stand up to
1) смело встречать;
быть на высоте
2) перечить, прекословить Mary found it difficult to stand up to Jim's father when he disapproved of their marriage. ≈ Мери было трудно спорить с отцом Джима, когда он начал отговаривать их от свадьбы.
3) выживать I don't know how you stand up to the severe winters in your part of the world. ≈ Удивляюсь, как вы у себя переносите такие суровые зимы?
4) сравниваться по качеству This doesn't stand up to the other firm's product, we shall have to improve it or lose business. ≈ Это не идет ни в какое сравнение с продукцией других фирм. Либо мы улучшаем качество, либо становимся банкротами.
5) проходить (тест) We must make a product that will stand up to any comparison. ≈ Мы должны выпускать такую продукцию, которая может пройти любые испытания.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > stand up to
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100 use
̘. ̈n.ju:s
1. сущ.
1) употребление, применение, использование to make use of ≈ извлекать пользу из чего-л. to put smth. to good use ≈ найти хорошее применение чему-л. constant use ≈ постоянное использование Do you have any use for this old paper? ≈ Вам зачем-нибудь нужны эти старые газеты? The visitors were denied use of the library. ≈ Посетителям не разрешили воспользоваться услугами библиотеки. to be out of use, fall out of use ≈ выйти из употребления daily use ≈ ежедневное употребление emergency use extensive use external use internal use official use practical use wide use
2) а) (ис) пользование;
способность или право пользования( чем-л.) He lost the use of his eyes. ≈ Он ослеп. He put the use of his house at my disposal. ≈ Он предложил мне пользоваться своим домом. б) юр. управление имуществом по доверенности;
доход от управления имуществом по доверенности
3) а) назначение, цель б) польза, толк Is there any use? ≈ Стоит ли? I have no use for it разг. ≈ мне это совершенно не нужно;
я этого не выношу What's the use of arguing? ≈ К чему спорить? Is there any use in trying again? ≈ Имеет ли смысл сделать еще одну попытку? What's the use of worrying? ≈ Какой прок от того, что вы будете волноваться? It was of no earthly use to us. ≈ Для нас это оказалось совершенно бесполезным. Can I be of any use to you? ≈ Могу ли я быть чем-нибудь вам полезен?
4) а) обыкновение, привычка, уклад Long use has reconciled me to it. ≈ Я примирился с этим благодаря давнишней привычке. б) ритуал церкви, епархии
2. гл.
1) а) использовать, пользоваться, применять, употреблять to use one's brains, to use one's wits ≈ 'шевелить мозгами' to use widely ≈ широко применять, широко использовать Let's use paper plates for the picnic. ≈ Давайте возьмем в поход бумажные тарелки. May I use your name? ≈ Могу я на вас сослаться? She used the candlestick as a paperweight. ≈ Она использовала подсвечник вместо пресс-папье. Syn: employ, utilize б) (из) расходовать, использовать They use 10 tons of coal a month. ≈ Они расходуют 10 тонн угля в месяц. Syn: consume, expend, utilize Ant: conserve, waste
2) а) обыкн. ;
только прош. вр. быть привычным, иметь привычку делать что-л. б) обращаться, обходиться( с кем-л.) He thinks himself ill used. ≈ Он считает, что с ним плохо обошлись. ∙ use as use to use up употребление, использование, применение - the * of the telephone пользование телефоном - to be in * быть в употреблении - to be out of * выйти из употребления - to come into * войти в употребление - in daily * в обиходе - to make * of smth. употреблять что-л., пользоваться чем-л. - to make * of smb.'s name ссылаться на кого-л. - directions for * правила употребления - he made good * of his space time он хорошо использовал свое свободное время цель, назначение - a tool with several *s инструмент, применяемый для различных целей - to put smth. to (a) good * правильно использовать что-л. - have yoi any * for a new calendar? вам не понадобится новый календарь? польза, толк, выгода - to be of * быть бесполезным - to be of little * быть мало полезным - it's no * talking нет смысла разговаривать - is there any * in discussing the matter further? стоит ли обсуждать дальше этот вопрос? - what's the *? к чему?, какой смысл?, какой толк? все это ни к чему! (выражение отчаяния) способность пользования (чем-л.) - he lost the * of his left arm он потерял способность владеть левой рукой - she lost the * of his eyes она ослепла право пользования - he gave his friend the * of his library он предоставил приятелю право пользоваться своей библиотекой - she had the * of the estate for life за ней было оставлено право пожизненного пользования этим владением привычка, обыкновение - it was his * to walk ten miles every day у него была привычка ходить ежедневно по десять миль - according to an ancient * cогласно старинному обычаю - * and wont обычная практика - * is second nature привычка - вторая натура( церковное) ритуал;
чин( литургии) > to have no * for не нуждаться( в чем-л.) ;
не выносить, презирать;
быть нетерпимым (к кому-л.) ;
не хотеть иметь дело( с кем-л.) употреблять, пользоваться, применять - to * coal for heating purposes употреблять уголь для отопления - to * gas пользоваться газом - to * a rigth использовать какое-л. право - to * one's legs ходить - to * one's eyes смотреть - to * one's brains шевелить мозгами - may I * your telephone? можно мне воспользоваться вашим телефоном? - he never *s a dictionary он никогда не пользуется словарем - to force применить силу - to * to advantage использовать с выгодой прибегать( к чему-л.), пользоваться (чем-л.) - we must * the services of an agent мы должны прибегнуть к услугам агента - may I * your name? могу я сослаться на вас? использовать в своих интересах - they *d every artifice to get our help они прибегали ко всяческим хитростям, чтобы добиться от нас помощи потреблять, расходовать - we have *d all the eggs for this omelette мы израсходовали все яйца на этот омлет - they * a ton of coal in a month они ежемесячно расходуют тонну угля тратить, проводить (время) - they *d thirty days in travelling about 1,000 miles они потратили 30 дней, чтобы проехать 1000 миль обращаться, обходиться (с кем-л.) ;
относиться( к кому-л.) - to * smb. well обращаться с кем-л. хорошо - to * smb. like a dog обращаться с кем-л. как с собакой - to * a man after his deserts обойтись с кем-л. по заслугам приучать - to * oneself to speak aloud приучать себя говорить громко иметь в прошлом обыкновение делать что-л;
некогда быть каким-л. - I *d to take the bus я обычно ездил на автобусе - there *d to be a cinema in this street на этой улице было когда-то кино - winters *d to be not so harsh раньше зимы не были такими суровыми - she didn't * to be so outspoken (просторечие) когда-то она не была такой откровенной (американизм) (сленг) употреблять наркотики, быть наркоманом (диалектизм) (американизм) часто посещать( человека или место) assets not in ~ неиспользуемые активы ~ польза;
толк;
to be of (no) use быть (бес) полезным;
is there any use? стоит ли?;
what's the use of arguing? к чему спорить? to be (или to fall) out of ~ выйти из употребления;
to put knowledge to use применять знания на практике by ~ вчт. путем использования collective ~ совместное потребление common ~ общее употребление compulsory ~ пат. обязательное использование domestic ~ бытовое пользование efficient ~ вчт. эффективное использование ~ up истощать;
to feel used up чувствовать себя совершенно обессиленным final ~ конечное использование free ~ свободное применение general ~ основное применение ~ (ис) пользование;
способность или право пользования (чем-л.) ;
to have the use (of smth.) пользоваться (чем-л.) he lost the ~ of his eyes он ослеп;
to make use of, to put to use использовать, воспользоваться he put the ~ of his house at my disposal он предложил мне пользоваться своим домом;
to lose the use (of smth.) потерять способность пользоваться (чем-л.) ~ обращаться, обходиться (с кем-л.) ;
to use (smb.) like a dog третировать( кого-л.) ;
he thinks himself ill used он считает, что с ним плохо обошлись I have no ~ for it разг. мне это совершенно не нужно I have no ~ for it разг. я этого не выношу I used to see him often я часто его встречал;
it used to be said (бывало) говорили illegal ~ вчт. незаконное использование illicit ~ запрещенное использование improper ~ ненадлежащее использование ~ употребление;
применение;
in use в употреблении;
in daily use в частом употреблении;
в обиходе ~ употребление;
применение;
in use в употреблении;
in daily use в частом употреблении;
в обиходе ~ польза;
толк;
to be of (no) use быть (бес) полезным;
is there any use? стоит ли?;
what's the use of arguing? к чему спорить? I used to see him often я часто его встречал;
it used to be said (бывало) говорили joint ~ совместное использование joint ~ совместное пользование land ~ землепользование ~ обыкновение, привычка;
use and wont обычная практика;
long use has reconciled me to it я примирился с этим благодаря давнишней привычке he put the ~ of his house at my disposal он предложил мне пользоваться своим домом;
to lose the use (of smth.) потерять способность пользоваться (чем-л.) he lost the ~ of his eyes он ослеп;
to make use of, to put to use использовать, воспользоваться make ~ of использовать make ~ of применять make ~ of употреблять ~ употреблять, пользоваться, применять;
to use one's brains (или one's wits) "шевелить мозгами";
may I use your name? могу я на вас сослаться? noncommercial ~ вчт. некоммерческое использование official ~ официальное использование personal ~ личное использование prior ~ пат. преждепользование prior ~ преимущественное использование private ~ вчт. индивидуальное использование private ~ личное пользование private ~ частное использование proper ~ использование по назначению public ~ общественное пользование to be (или to fall) out of ~ выйти из употребления;
to put knowledge to use применять знания на практике simultaneous ~ одновременное использование there used to be a house here раньше здесь стоял дом ~ использовать, израсходовать;
they use 10 tons of coal a month они расходуют 10 тонн угля в месяц ~ цель, назначение;
a tool with many uses инструмент, применяемый для различных целей unauthorized ~ неразрешенное использование unauthorized ~ несанкционированное использование use доверительная собственность, учрежденная для обеспечения за бенефециарием права присвоения плодов вещи ~ использование ~ использовать, израсходовать;
they use 10 tons of coal a month они расходуют 10 тонн угля в месяц ~ использовать ~ обращаться, обходиться (с кем-л.) ;
to use (smb.) like a dog третировать (кого-л.) ;
he thinks himself ill used он считает, что с ним плохо обошлись ~ обыкновение, привычка;
use and wont обычная практика;
long use has reconciled me to it я примирился с этим благодаря давнишней привычке ~ польза;
толк;
to be of (no) use быть (бес) полезным;
is there any use? стоит ли?;
what's the use of arguing? к чему спорить? ~ польза ~ (ис) пользование;
способность или право пользования (чем-л.) ;
to have the use (of smth.) пользоваться (чем-л.) ~ пользоваться, использовать, обращать в свою пользу ~ потреблять ~ право пользования ~ право пользования доходами от вещи ~ право присвоения плодов вещи;
право пользования доходами от вещи ~ применение ~ применять ~ расходовать ~ ритуал церкви, епархии ~ способность пользования ~ употребление;
применение;
in use в употреблении;
in daily use в частом употреблении;
в обиходе ~ употребление ~ употреблять, пользоваться, применять;
to use one's brains (или one's wits) "шевелить мозгами";
may I use your name? могу я на вас сослаться? ~ употреблять ~ юр. управление имуществом по доверенности;
доход от управления имуществом по доверенности ~ цель, назначение;
a tool with many uses инструмент, применяемый для различных целей ~ обыкновение, привычка;
use and wont обычная практика;
long use has reconciled me to it я примирился с этим благодаря давнишней привычке ~ обращаться, обходиться (с кем-л.) ;
to use (smb.) like a dog третировать (кого-л.) ;
he thinks himself ill used он считает, что с ним плохо обошлись ~ of capital использование капитала ~ of force применение силы ~ of foreign exchange reserves использование валютных резервов ~ of income использование дохода ~ употреблять, пользоваться, применять;
to use one's brains (или one's wits) "шевелить мозгами";
may I use your name? могу я на вас сослаться? ~ up израсходовать, использовать;
истратить ~ up израсходовать ~ up использовать ~ up истощать;
to feel used up чувствовать себя совершенно обессиленным ~ польза;
толк;
to be of (no) use быть (бес) полезным;
is there any use? стоит ли?;
what's the use of arguing? к чему спорить? wide ~ вчт. широкое использование
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
Winters — ist die Bezeichnung mehrerer Orte in den USA: Winters (Kalifornien) Winters (Texas) und ist der Name von folgenden Personen L. Alan Winters (* 1950), britischer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Jonathan Winters (* 1925), US amerikanischer Komödien… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Winters — Winters, CA U.S. city in California Population (2000): 6125 Housing Units (2000): 1954 Land area (2000): 2.750836 sq. miles (7.124631 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.031093 sq. miles (0.080530 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.781929 sq. miles (7.205161… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Winters — Ciudad de los Estados Unidos … Wikipedia Español
Winters, CA — U.S. city in California Population (2000): 6125 Housing Units (2000): 1954 Land area (2000): 2.750836 sq. miles (7.124631 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.031093 sq. miles (0.080530 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.781929 sq. miles (7.205161 sq. km) FIPS … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Winters, TX — U.S. city in Texas Population (2000): 2880 Housing Units (2000): 1251 Land area (2000): 2.248765 sq. miles (5.824275 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.545847 sq. miles (1.413736 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.794612 sq. miles (7.238011 sq. km) FIPS code … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
winters — winters:⇨Winter(2) … Das Wörterbuch der Synonyme
Winters — In television: * Winters , an American television seriesWinters is a surname, and may refer to the following people:Men: * Brian Winters (born 1952), a former player and head coach in the NBA * Dean Winters (born 1964), an American television… … Wikipedia
Winters — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Winters peut désigner : Patronyme Winters est un nom de famille notamment porté par : David Winters (né en 1939), producteur, acteur,… … Wikipédia en Français
winters — wịn|ters 〈Adv.〉 im Winter; Ggs sommers * * * wịn|ters <Adv.> [mhd. (des) winters, ahd. winteres]: im Winter; während des Winters. * * * Winters [ wɪntəz], Arthur Yvor, amerikanischer Literaturkritiker und Lyriker, * Chicago (Illinois)… … Universal-Lexikon
Winters — Recorded as Winter, Wynter, and the patronymics Winters and Winterson, this is a European surname. It was originally a nickname or byname for someone of a frosty or gloomy temperament, the derivation being from the pre 7th century Olde English,… … Surnames reference
Winters — 1 Original name in latin Winters Name in other language State code US Continent/City America/Chicago longitude 31.95653 latitude 99.96231 altitude 564 Population 2562 Date 2011 05 14 2 Original name in latin Winters Name in other language State… … Cities with a population over 1000 database
