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1 ἄσημος
ἄσημος, ον (σῆμα; Trag. Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX) ‘without (distinguishing) mark’ (cp. the numismatic metaphor Philo, Migr. Abr. 79).① pert. to being unmarked, insignificant, unimportant (Gen 30:42; 3 Macc 1:3; Philo, Virt. 222; Jos., Bell. 6, 81, Ant. 16, 243 οὐκ ἄ., Vi. 1 οὐκ ἄ.) in litotes οὐκ ἄ. πόλις no unimportant city Ac 21:39 (Eur., Ion 8 οὐκ ἄ. πόλις, likewise Strabo 8, 6, 15; a favorite expr., s. Wetstein ad loc. opp. διάσημος of Alexandria: Acta Alex. Fgm. 4 col. 3, 10, p. 13; Renehan ’82, 38).② of words or statements whose meaning or intent is not readily grasped, obscure, unclear (Aeschyl., Prom. 662 χρησμοί; Hdt. 1, 86, 4) τὰ γεγραμμένα Dg 12:3.—DELG s.v. σῆμα. M-M. TW. -
2 σμικρός
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3 ἄσημος
-ος,-ον + A 1-0-0-1-1=3 Gn 30,42; Jb 42,11; 3 Mc 1,3unmarked, without token Gn 30,42; unimportant, obscure (of a pers.) 3 Mc 1,3; uncoined? (of money) Jb 42,11; see ἐπίσημοςCf. HALLEUX 1973, 370-380; HARL 1986a, 233-235 -
4 ἄκυρος
ἄκῡρος, ον,I of laws, sentences, etc., invalid, unratified, obsolete,ψήφισμα And.1.8
; ;συνθῆκαι Lys.18.15
; ἄκυρον ποιεῖν, καταστῆσαι set aside, Pl.Prt. 356d, Is.1.21, etc.; νόμοις ἀ. χρωμένη not enforcing the laws, Th.3.37. Adv.- ως Simp. in Ph.168.10
.II of persons, having no right or power,ἄ. ποιεῖν τινά X.HG5.3.24
;καθιστάναι Lys. 9.19
; τινός over a thing, Pl.Tht. 169e;ἄ. πάντων.. γενήσεσθε D.19.2
: c. inf., Pl.Lg. 929e.2 of things, ἀκυροτέρα κρίσις less trust-worthy decision, Pl.Tht. 178d; ἄ. ἀμφορεύς voting urn into which neutral votes were thrown, Sch.Ar.Eq. 1150, Poll.8.123; τὰ ἀκυρότερα less important parts of nature, Arist. GA 778a1; of bodily members, unimportant,ἄ. μόριον Gal.16.540
, cf. 18(1).33 ([comp] Comp.); impotent, Arist.GA 772b28.III of words and phrases, used in improper sense, Cic.Fam.16.17.1 ([comp] Comp.), Phlp. in Ph.717.12. Adv.- ρως Str.12.3.23
, Phld.Rh.1.161 S., Hermog.Meth.3, cf. Dam.Pr.7, 306. -
5 ὑπελαφρός
A somewhat light, unimportant, S.E.M.1.63.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπελαφρός
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6 ζιγνίς
ζιγνίς, - ίδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: a kind of lizard (Arist. HA 604b 24).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. The variants with - υς, - ης may be unimportant, but the form with δ- may be a (real, spoken) simplification of original *dyign-; clearly a Pre-Greek word. Is δειμνύς a mistake for *διμνυς or διγνυς?Page in Frisk: 1,614Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζιγνίς
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7 κορέννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `satiate, fill, be satiated' (ep. Ion.).Other forms: - μαι (Them., Orph.), κορέω, κορέσκω (Nic.), κορίσκομαι (Hp.), aor. κορέσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. κορεσθῆναι (Od.), perf. ptc. Act. (intr.) κεκορηώς (Od.), ind. midd. κεκόρημαι (Il.), κεκόρεσμαι (X.), fut. κορέω (Il.), κορέσω (Hdt.),Compounds: Rarely with ὑπερ- (Thgn., Poll.), ἀπο- (Gloss.). As 2. member in ἄ-κορος `unsatiable, untiring' (Pi.) with ἀκορία `unsatiated condition, moderation' (Hp.), `unsatiability' (Aret.). διά-, κατά-, πρόσ-, ὑπέρ-κορος `satiated etc.' (IA.); also as σ-stam and with verbal redefinition (Schwyzer 513) ἀ-, δια-, προσ- κορής with προσ-κορίζομαι `vex, annoy' (sch.). As privative also ἀ-κόρη-τος (Il.), ἀ-κόρε(σ)-τος (trag.). - Quite uncertain Αἰγι-κορεῖς pl. m. with Αἰγικορίς f. name of one of the old Ionic phylai (E., inscr.; cf. Hdt. 5, 66), s. Nilsson Cults 147 and Frisk ibd.Derivatives: Wiht lengthened grade κώρα ὕβρις H. (v. Blumenthal Hesychst. with Lobeck). To κόρος ( κοῦρος, κῶρος) `youth' and κόρη `young girl' s. esp. κόρος m. `satiaty, be satiated, surfeit, insolence' (Il.);Origin: IE [Indo-European] [577] *ḱerh₁- `fodder, (let) grow'Etymology: The starting point of the whole paradigm is clearly the aorist κορέσαι, - ασθαι, to which the other forms were successively added: pass. κορε-σ-θῆναι (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 406), perf. κεκόρημαι, - εσμαι (Schwyzer 773), fut. κορέω, - έσω, lastly also the different, sparsely attested presents κορίσκομαι, κορέω, - έσκω, - έννυμι. The verb was prob. orig. because of the perfective aspect limited to the aorist; for an old present *κόρνυμι (Schwyzer 697; as στόρνυμι) there is no support. - The ο-vowel, which is found also in στορέσαι, with the same building, and in θορεῖν, μολεῖν, πορεῖν, is not convincingly explained (attempts in Schwyzer 360f. and Sánchez Ruipérez Emerita 18, 386ff.); with the disyllabic κορέ-σαι agrees elsewhere acute Lith. šér-ti `fodder' (from *ḱerh₁-), with which one connected the old s-stem in Lat. Cerēs `goddess of the growth of plants', and also Arm. ser `origin, gender, offspring' (IE. *ḱéros n. transformed to an o-stem). - The other forms, e. g. Lat. creō `create', crēscō `grow', Arm. sermn `seed', Alb. thjer `acorn', prop. "fodder" (Pok. 577, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. Cerēs, creō), are unimportant for Greek. - With the meanings `satiate, fodder, let grow', cf. the similar meanings of Lat. alō.Page in Frisk: 1,918-919Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορέννυμι
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8 κοῦφος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `light, not heavy, easily movable, nimbly, vain, empty' (Ν 158 and θ 201: κοῦφα resp. κουφότερον as adv.); on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 76 etc. (s. index).Compounds: Few compp., e. g. κουφό-νοος ` with a nimble mind' (trag.), ὑπό-κουφος `rather light' (Dsc., Plu.).Derivatives: κουφοτής f. ` lightness' (Hp., Pl.; accent after βαρυτής, Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1909, 59 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1117, Schwyzer 382); κουφεῖαι pl. prob. `vase-sherds, debris'? ( PTeb. 5, 199; IIa; κοῦφον [ κεράμιον] also `[empty] vessel'); NGr. ( ἀγριο-)κουφίτης m. plant-name, `Erdrauch, Fumaria' (Redard Les noms grecs en - της 68 u. 73). Denomin. κουφίζω `lighten, raise, cancel' (Hp., Att.), rarely intr. ` be light' (Hes. Op. 463, Hp., trag.), with κούφισις (Th.), - ισμα (E.), - ισμός (hell.) `lightening'; κουφιστήρ ` ring-pad' (to lighten the pressure; medic.); κουφιστικός ` lightening' (Arist.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Isolated, but still prob. inherited(?). Worthless speculations in Osthoff MU 6, 17f. and those noted in Bq. The full grade of the stem and the barytonesis are remarkable in the case of an adj. (Schwyzer 459); prop. adjectiv. subst.? - Through κοῦφος the old forms ἐλαχύς, ἐλαφρός were partly replaced resp. pushed back, which was not unimportant for these words.Page in Frisk: 1,936Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κοῦφος
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9 λευγαλέος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `wretched, unhappy, sore, baneful etc.' (Il.). -Derivatives: λυγρός `id.' (Il.). Parallel to λευγ-αλέος: λυγ-ρός are ἐρευθ-αλέος (late): ἐρυθ-ρός; λευγαλέος is isolated and archaic; from a noun ? (*λεῦγος like ἔρευθος?; cf. ἀργ-αλέος: ἄλγος, θαρσ-αλέος: θάρσος a. o., Schwyzer 484; or from an old l-stem?); λυγρός is also isolated (perh. from a primary verb, s. below).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [686] *leuǵ- `break'Etymology: The Greek adj. have in the other languages no directe agreement but several cognate forms, of which Lat. lūgeō `be sad' is semantically closest; it can be understood as an iterative-intensive secondary formation or as a denomin. (: * lūgus \< IE * lougo-s m. beside *λεῦγος \< IE * leugos- n.; also in lūgubris ?). -Behind the psychic representations of sadness and unhappiness in lūgeō, λευγαλέος, λυγρός there were no doubt terms for the outward expressions of these feelings (cf. Ernout-Meillet s. lūgeō); thus one finds connection with some primary verbs for `breach a. o.': Skt. rujáti `break, torment', Lith. lū́ž-ti `break' (intr.; širdìs lúžta `the heart breaks'), OHG liohhan `tear, draw' (but Arm. lucanem `make loose' rather with Meillet BSL 26. 4 to λύω, s. d.). - Further forms (for Greek unimportant) in WP. 2, 412f., Pok. 686, W.-Hofmann s. lūgeō, Fraenkel Wb. s. láužti. - On ἀλυκτοπέδη s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,108Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λευγαλέος
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10 λύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `loosen, liberate, make loose, destroy, pay'.Other forms: aor. λῦσαι, fut. λύσω, perf. midd. λέλῠμαι, aor. pass. λῠθῆναι (Il.), aor. midd. also λύμην, λύ(ν)το (Hom.), perf. act. λέλῡκα.Compounds: very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member λῦσ(ι)- in governing compp., e.g. λυσί-πονος, λυσι-τελής (s. v.), PN like Λυσί-μαχος, shortname Λυσίας a. o.; as 2. member in βου-λῡ-τός (s. v.).Derivatives: 1. λύσις `loosenig, liberation' (Ω 655 a. ι 421; cf. Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 4f.. Benveniste Noms d'agent 77, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 71ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 196), from the prefixcompp. ἀπό-, ἀνά-, διά-, κατά-, ἔκ-λυσις etc. (Thgn., Sol., IA; cf. Holt [s. Index]); davon ( κατα-, ἀπο-)λύσιμος `good for loosening etc.' (trag., Pl., Arist.; Arbenz 66 u. 68); also λύσιος `bringing loosening', surn. of the gods, esp. Dionysos (Pl., Plu.). 2. λύματα pl. = ἐνέχυρα (Suid.); but κατάλῠ-μα n. `inn' (hell.) with - μάτιον (hell. pap.) from κατα-λύω `dismiss, unloose'. 3. Aeol. Dor. λύα f. (Alc., Pi.), λύη (Hdn. Gr.) `loosening, saparation, στάσις'; from it, but deviant in meaning, Λυαῖος, - αία surn. of Dionysos resp. the Great Goddess ( Anakreont., IG 5: 2, 287 [I--IIp]; Tim. Pers. 132), cf. Danielsson Eranos 5, 52 and Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 11 w. n. 1, Lat. LW [loanword] Lyaeus. - 4. ( ἀνα-, κατα-) λυτήρ, - ῆρος m. `liberator, looser, arbiter' (A., E., hell. inscr.) with ( ἐκ-)λυτήριος `loosing, liberating' (Hp., trag.); λυτήριον = λύτρον (Pi., A. R.), but καταλυτήριον = κατάλυμα (Poll., s. above). Fem. λύτειρα (Orph.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 128), also λυτηριάς (Orph.). 5. δια-, κατα-, ἀνα-, συν-λύτης `looser, resp. loging guest, looser, conciliator' (Th., resp. Plb.); here and after λύσις, λύω ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐκ-, παρα- etc.) λυτικός `good for loosing.' (Pl., Arist.). - 6. λύτρον `ransom' (usu. pl.), `substitute, retribution' (Pi., IA.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 203 f., Chantraine Formation 332) with ( ἀπο-, παρα-, ἐκ-)λυτρόω, - όομαι `give free for ransom etc.' (Att.), from where (-) λύτρωσις, λυτρώσι-μος, λυτρωτής, ἀπολυτρωτικός (hell.).Etymology: The regular Greek formal system is the result of nivellation. Old was the athematic aorist λύ-μην, λύ-το (Schwyzer 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382), new prob. the themat. present λύω with original short (Hom.), then also long (Att.; sts. also Hom.) υ, prob. after λῦσαι etc. (cf. Schwyzer 686, Chantraine 1, 372; also Schulze Q. 387 f., Bonfante Emerita 1, 117). Further agrees with λῠ́ω Lat. luō `mend, pay', to which solvō (from *sĕ-luō) `solve'; the long vowel in so-lū-tus and in Skt. lū-na- `cut off' has an agreement in βου-λῡ-τός (against λύ-το, λύ-σις etc.). The Skt. verb deviates both formally and semantically ('cut off, divide, destroy usw.') with the nasal presents lu-nā́-ti, lu-no-ti; the other finite forms are much later; on full grade verbal nouns (e.g. laví-, lavítra-) s. on λαῖον (not in λοι-δορέω). - From other languages there are isolated verbal nouns or verb forma, which are unimportant for Greek, like Goth. lun acc. sg. ' λύτρον, ransom'; with n-suffix Alb. laj `pay a debt' (from IE *lǝu̯n-i̯ō?). Besides with s-enlargement Germ. e.g. Goth. fra-liusan `lose' (IE * leus-) wiht fralusts `loss' (IE. * lus-ti-), fra-lus-nan `be lost'. - More forms WP. 2, 407 f., Pok. 681 f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. luō.Page in Frisk: 2,149-150Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λύω
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11 μέρμερος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: Conventional epithet of unclear meaning (after H. μέρμερα = χαλεπά, δεινά, φροντίδος ἄξια); apparently intensive formation with reduplication, which suggests connection with μέρ-ιμνα(?). So prop. meaning `causing meditation, cares', from where `distressful, dreadful' v. t.(?), of persons `(much) meditating, caring'; also as PN (Apollod., Paus.).Other forms: (Hom., only Il.) always n. pl. μέρμερα as epithet of ἔργα, also as object of ῥέζειν, μητίσασθαι, posthom. of κακόν, βλάβη etc. (E., Lyc., Nic.), also of persons and animals (Pl. Hp. Ma., Plu., Opp.); enlarged. μερ-μέριος (Them.).Derivatives: Besides μέρμηραι f. pl. `cares, anxieties' (Hes. Th. 55, Thgn. 1325, also IG 14, 1942 [late verse]), μερμηρίζω, - ίξαι, - ίξω `care, meditate, invent, consider, linger' (Hom.; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 87); also μερμαίρω (Suid., H., Phot. [codd. also - μέρω]); on ἀπο-μερμηρίσαι `forget the cares' (Ar. V. 5, D. C.) s. Ruijgh ibd.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The length of the vowel in μέρ-μηρ-αι againt μέρ-μερ-ος has been explained from μερμηρίζω, where it is ascribed to the metre, but this is no sufficient explanation; rather it points to Pre-Greek origin; on ε\/η s. Fur. 257 n. 42. -- Under μέριμνα we pointed to the primary thematic root-verb Skt. smárati, Av. maraiti `remember' (reduplicated hi-šmar-); further there is, with broken reduplication, Arm. mormok' `regret, displeausre, sorrow, grief' and the also reduplicated Lat. me-mor `mindful', to which prob. also mora `delay'. Further, partly doubtful cognates from Germ. a. Celt., for Greek unimportant, in WP. 2, 689f., Pok. 969f., W.-Hofmann s. memor. Hypothetic connection with the PN Ἴσμαρος and Μάρων in Kretschmer Glotta 29, 96 f. Lith. merė́ti `care', s. Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237. -- [Not to μάρτυς s.v. or μείρομαι.]Page in Frisk: 2,210-211Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέρμερος
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12 οἴαξ-
οἴαξ-, - ακοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `handle (bar) of the rudder, rudder' (trag., Pl.), οἴηκες pl. name of a apparatus on the yoke ('handle'?, `eyes'?; Ω 269).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in οἰακο-νόμος m. `steersman' (A. in lyr.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 166), as 2. member in κερ-οίακες (from κερα(ι)-οίακες) pl. `rigging of the yardarm'? (Luc. Nav. 4).Derivatives: Dimin. οἰάκιον (Eust.); adv. οἰακ-ηδόν `after the mannar of an οἴαξ' (A.D.); denom. οἰακ-ίζω (- η-) `to pilot, to steer' (ion. att.) with - ισμα `steering' ( Trag. Adesp.), - ιστής (Suid.); οἰάκ-ωσις `steering' (Aq.), from *οἰακ-όω or directly from noun (cf. Chantraine Form. 279). -- Besides οἰήϊον n. `rudder' (Hom.).Etymology: Instrument-name formed like πόρπᾶξ, τρόπηξ, resp. λαισήϊον, ἐργαλήϊον a.o. (Chantraine 381 a. 60 f.). The basis of the Greek words was an old noun with unknown stem; an ā-stem * oisā- is possible, nut not necessary. The noun seems preserved as Balt. LW [loanword] in Finnougr., e.g. Finn. aisa `bar of the forked pole (thill)' from Balt. * aisō or * aisa- (IE * oisā-, * oiso-). The Balt. word is again based on a Slav. s-stem, e.g. Sloven. ojê, ojês-a `(carriage) pole' (further Slav. forms in Vasmer s.vojé), IE. * oio \/ es- n. Besides with zero grade, also lengthened, Skt. īṣ-ā́ f. `pole', from which as LW [loanword] Hitt. hišša-'pole' (s. Kronasser Etymologie 144 against Kammenhuber; borrowing is also denied by Benveniste Hitt. et i.-eur. 13f.). Further combinations, for Greek unimportant, in WP. 1, 167 and Pok. 298 (after Lidén Stud. 60ff., Specht Ursprung 101). -- To be rejected Dumézil BSL 39, 192f. On the meaning of οἴαξ Meringer WuS 5, 89 ff, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 7 f.; the connection with a ship is a Greek innovation, cf. on ἱστός. -- Ngr. δοιάκι (Schwyzer KZ 63, 62). - The suffix -ᾱκ- rather suggests a Pre-Greek word (which the language may have adapted to nautical use).Page in Frisk: 2,356Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἴαξ-
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13 οἰδέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to swell' (ε 455).Other forms: Also οἰδάω (Plu., Luc.), οἰδαίνω (hell. poet.); οἰδάνομαι, -ω (Ι 646 a. 554, Ar., A. R.), οἰδίσκομαι, -ω (medic.) `swell' resp. `make swell', aor. οἰδῆσαι (IA.), rare οἰδῆναι (Q. S.: οἰδαίνω), perf. ὤδηκα (Hp., Theoc.);Derivatives: 1. οἶδμα n. `torrent of water' (Il.), after κῦμα (Porzig Satzinhalte 242); cf. κυέω: κῦμα, δοκέω: δόγμα (if not from a lost primary verb; cf. below); οἰδματ-όεις `flowing' (A. Fr. 69 = 103 Mette, Opp.). 2. οἶδος n. `swelling' (Hp., Nic., Aret.); cf. κρατέω: κράτος. 3. οἴδ-ημα n. `swelling' (Hp., D.) with - ημάτιον (Hp., Aët.), - ηματώδης (medic.); ( ἀν-, δι-, ἐξ- etc.) οίδησις f. `bulge' (Pl., medic., Thphr.). 4. ( ἐπ-, ὑπ-)οιδαλέος `swollen' (Archil., Hp.: οἰδαίνω like κερδαλέος: κερδαίνω). 5. οἴδᾱξ m. `unripe fig' (Poll., Choerob.; from οἶδος or οἰδέω). 6. Backformations: ὕποιδος `somewhat swollen' (Gal.: ὑπ-οιδέω), ἐνοιδής `swollen' (Nic.: ἐν-οιδέω). -- On Οἰδίπους s. v.Etymology: Of the presentforms only οἰδέω will be old. Through enlargement arose the causat. οἰδάνω with intr. οἰδάνομαι (cf. on Οἰδίπους), in the same way οἰδίσκομαι, -ω (Schwyzer 700 a. 709 f.); οἰδαίνω will be analog. after κυμαίνω, ὀργαίνω u.a., perh. also to οἰδῆσαι after κερδῆσαι: κερδαίνω a. o.; to οἰδῆσαι the late and rare οἰδάω. In οἰδέω some see an iterativ-intensive formation; but an agreeing primary verb is not attested. -- A certain cognate is Arm. ayt-nu-m `swell' with the primaryn aor. ayte-ay and the noun ayt (i-stem) `cheek', IE * oidi- (poss. * aidi-; cf. below); the nu-present is an Arm. innovation. Germ. presents some isolated nouns, a.o. OHG eiz, NHG dial. Eis `abscess, ulcer', PGm. * aita-z, IE * oido-s (* aido-s?; cf. formally close οἶδος n.); with r-suffix e.g. OHG eittar n. ' Eitar', PGm. * aitra- n. (cf. on Οἰδίπους), also in waternames, e.g. Eiter-bach (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 7, 105 ff.). Isolated also Lat. aemidus (prob. after the synon. tumi-dus), in the vowel deviating from οἰδέω (ablaut oi: ai?, which could be * h₂ei-\/ h₂oi-); the non-Greek. forms can further continue both IE oi and ai. -- The Slav. forms adduced are polyinterpretable: OCS jadъ `poison'; even more doubtful Russ. etc. jadró, PSl. *jędro `kernel, testicle etc.' (with nasal infix?). Also other nasalised forms wit zero grade have been connected, e.g. Skt. índu- m. `drop', Balt. rivernames like Indus, Indura; all of it rather doubtful and for Greek unimportant. Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 166f., Pok. 774, W.-Hofmann s. aemidus, Vasmer s. jád and jadró, also Mayrhofer s. índuḥ and Indraḥ.Page in Frisk: 2,357-358Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἰδέω
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14 ὅλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `complete, whole' ( ρ 343 a. ω 118), Att., Hdt.), οὖλε voc. `salve' (ω 402; Schwyzer 723 n. 5).Other forms: οὖλος (ep. ion.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, almost only hell. a. late (for παν-, Leumann Hom. Wörter 105), e.g. ὁλό-κληρος (s. κλῆρος), ὁλο-σχερής (s. ἐπισχερώ), ὁλοκόττινος (s. v.).Derivatives: ὁλό-της, - ητος f. `wholeness' (Arist.; cf. below), ὁλόομαι `to be constituted as a whole' with ὅλωσις f. (Dam.), οὑλέω in οὑλείοιεν ἐν ὑγείᾳ φυλάσσοιεν H. -- Besides ὁλοός = φρόνιμος καὶ ἀγαθός (Suid., H.) with ὁλοεῖται ὑγιαίνει H. -- Uncertain Οὔλιος Ion. surname of Apollon, after Str. 14, 635 a. Suid. as healing god; cf. 3. οὖλος.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [979] *solu̯o- `whole'Etymology: Identical with Skt. sárva-, Av. haurva- `unharmed, whole' (sárva- second. `all, every'): IE *sólu̯o-s. With ὁλό-της agree Av. haurva-tāt- and Skt. sarvá-tāt(-i)- f. `unharmed-ness, wholeness etc.', prob. as independent innovations. Beside it with unexplained a-vowel Lat. salvus `sound, save' and, with disyll. stem, Osc. σαλαϜς `id.', Päl. Salavatur `Salvator', (not to a disyll. ὁλο(Ϝ)-ός, which does not exist, to which Frisk refers). In vocal. unclear (IE ο̆ or ᾰ?) are Toch. A salu `whole' (beside B solme), Alb. i gjallë `alive, lively' (Mann Lang. 28, 39). Several more forms, for Greek unimportant, in WP. 2, 510ff., Pok. 979f., W.-Hofmann s. salvus; with rich lit. Details in Ernout-Meillet s. saluus.Page in Frisk: 2,381Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὅλος
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15 ὄνυξ 1
ὄνυξ 1., - υχοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `nail, claw, hoof', often metaph. in several meanings' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀνυχο-γραφέομαι `to be carved by a nail' (Hp.), γαμψ-ῶνυξ and - ώνυχος ` with curved claws' (Il., also Arist.; on the stemformation Sommer Nominalkomp.96 ff.); on μῶνυξ s. v.Derivatives: Dimin. ὀνύχιον n. (Arist., pap.); ὀνυχιστήρ, - ῆρος m. `hoof' (LXX; cf. on βραχιονιστήρ and ὀνυχίζομαι below); ὀνυχ-ιμαῖος `of the size of nail-parings, tiny' (Com. Adesp.), - ιαῖος `as broad as a nail' (Eust.); ὀνυχ-ίζομαι `to cut one's nails' (Cratin., LXX) with - ισμός m. (Str.), - ιστήριον n. `nailscissors' (Posidipp. Com.); - ίζω `to test with one's nails' (Artem.); - όω `to equip with claws, to bend in a claw-like fashion' (Orib., sch.).Etymology: Old (popular s. Ernout-Meillet s. unguis) name of the nail and the hoof, which is in most language-groups, even if in strongly changed form, retained. With the disyllabic ὄνυξ ( ὀνυχ-) agrees best Arm. eɫungn `nail' with secondary n-stem (like ot-n `foot'; s. πούς), dissimilation n -- n \> ɫ -- n and inner nasalisation either from monosyllabic ongh- (Kortlandt assumes that * h₃nogh-\/* h₃ngh- yielded * onog\/* ong, which were contaminated in * onong; this became * enong by dissimilation, which gave eɫungn; Armeniaca 76). The other languages have a monosyllabic stem, either ongh-, n̥gh- (Lat. unguis, Celt., e.g. OIr. ingen f.) or nogh- (Germ., e.g. OHG nagal m. ' Nagel', Balt.-Slav., e.g. Lith. nãgas m. `nail, claw'); with ten. asp. Indo-Ir., e.g. Skt. nakhá- m. n. `nail, claw'; diff. suffixes, which are unimportant for Greek. On the ablaut cf. e.g. ὀμφαλός. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 180 f. and Pok. 780 as in the special. dict, W.-Hofmann a. Ernout-Meillet s. un-guis, Mayrhofer s. nakhám, Fraenkel s. nãgas, Vasmer s. nogá. Rootspeculations in Specht Ursprung 253 b. 1. Wrong Rogge PhW 44, 1004 (ὀ- from ὄγκος).Page in Frisk: 2,398-399Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄνυξ 1
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16 ότραλέως
ότραλέως, ὀτρηρόςGrammatical information: adv.Meaning: `swift, quick' (Γ 260, Τ 317, τ 100, Hes. Sc. 410, Sapph. 44, 11, A. R. 1, 1210), - λέος adj. `id.' (Opp., Q. S.).Other forms: Cf. ὀτρηρός `id.' (Hom., Ar.).Derivatives: ὀτρύνω, aor. ὀτρῦναι, fut. ὀτρυνῶ, also (in prose always) w. prefix, esp. ἐπι-, ` to encourage, to drive, to incite, to stir up' (Il.). -- From this ὀτρυν-τύς, - ύν f. `incitement' (T 234f., Antim. 91), - τικός `inciting' (Eust.), - τεύς m. name of a Lydian with - τείδης (Υ 383f., 389; Bosshardt 99); ἐργ-ότρυς κατάσκοπος ἔργων H. (backformation). -- Details in Debrunner IF 23, 12f., 31 a. 38.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like in κλί̄νω (\< *κλῐ-ν-ι̯ω) ὀτρύ̄νω (from *ὀτρῠ-ν-ι̯ω) is an older nasal formation to which a presential yot-suffix was added. With ὀτρύ-νω: ὀτρα-λέως agrees τρῠ-φάλεια: τράπεζα (the latter debated, cf. s.v.); further with long vowel ὀτρη-ρός (as, with ω-quality, τε-τρώ-κοντα ?). But ὀτρηρός undoubtedly rather innovation in - ηρός (on which Schwyzer 482, Chantraine Form. 23 1ff.); ὀτρ-αλέος to ὀτρ-ύνω perh. after θαρσ-αλέος: θαρσ-ύνω ?-- For ὀτρύνω \< *ὀ-τρῠ-ν-ι̯ω (cf. 2. ὀ-) we can assume a zero grade IE *tu̯r̥-, through which a connection with Skt. tvár-ate (midd.) `hurry' and with Germ., e.g. OHG dweran `turn round quickly' (IE *tu̯er-) becomes possible. Further combinationa, for Greek unimportant, in WP.1, 749f. (w. lit.), Pok. 1100f., W.-Hofmann s. trua; further Schwyzer 694 a. Schw. -Debrunner 491; older lit. in Bq. Cf. τορύνη a. τύρβη. -- The analysis seems quite uncertain.Page in Frisk: 2,440-441Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ότραλέως
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17 ὀτρηρός
ότραλέως, ὀτρηρόςGrammatical information: adv.Meaning: `swift, quick' (Γ 260, Τ 317, τ 100, Hes. Sc. 410, Sapph. 44, 11, A. R. 1, 1210), - λέος adj. `id.' (Opp., Q. S.).Other forms: Cf. ὀτρηρός `id.' (Hom., Ar.).Derivatives: ὀτρύνω, aor. ὀτρῦναι, fut. ὀτρυνῶ, also (in prose always) w. prefix, esp. ἐπι-, ` to encourage, to drive, to incite, to stir up' (Il.). -- From this ὀτρυν-τύς, - ύν f. `incitement' (T 234f., Antim. 91), - τικός `inciting' (Eust.), - τεύς m. name of a Lydian with - τείδης (Υ 383f., 389; Bosshardt 99); ἐργ-ότρυς κατάσκοπος ἔργων H. (backformation). -- Details in Debrunner IF 23, 12f., 31 a. 38.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like in κλί̄νω (\< *κλῐ-ν-ι̯ω) ὀτρύ̄νω (from *ὀτρῠ-ν-ι̯ω) is an older nasal formation to which a presential yot-suffix was added. With ὀτρύ-νω: ὀτρα-λέως agrees τρῠ-φάλεια: τράπεζα (the latter debated, cf. s.v.); further with long vowel ὀτρη-ρός (as, with ω-quality, τε-τρώ-κοντα ?). But ὀτρηρός undoubtedly rather innovation in - ηρός (on which Schwyzer 482, Chantraine Form. 23 1ff.); ὀτρ-αλέος to ὀτρ-ύνω perh. after θαρσ-αλέος: θαρσ-ύνω ?-- For ὀτρύνω \< *ὀ-τρῠ-ν-ι̯ω (cf. 2. ὀ-) we can assume a zero grade IE *tu̯r̥-, through which a connection with Skt. tvár-ate (midd.) `hurry' and with Germ., e.g. OHG dweran `turn round quickly' (IE *tu̯er-) becomes possible. Further combinationa, for Greek unimportant, in WP.1, 749f. (w. lit.), Pok. 1100f., W.-Hofmann s. trua; further Schwyzer 694 a. Schw. -Debrunner 491; older lit. in Bq. Cf. τορύνη a. τύρβη. -- The analysis seems quite uncertain.Page in Frisk: 2,440-441Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀτρηρός
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18 οὑλή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `scarred wound, scar' (Od.);Derivatives: οὑλόομαι, - όω `to scar, to cause scars' (Arist.) with - ωσις (Gal.), - ωμα (Suid.) `the scarring'.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1144] *u̯el- `draw, tear'Etymology: From *Ϝολσά or *Ϝολνά (Forbes Glotta 36, 242; on the digamma Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125); without direct non-Greek agreement. Nearest is Lat. volnus n. `wound' with unknown basic form. Uncertain Celt., e.g. Welsh gweli m. `wound', also `blood' (Loth Rev. celt. 41, 208), OIr. fuil f. `blood', MIr. fuili `bloody wounds'. As common basis of these and many other nouns one assumes a verb *u̯el- `draw (to oneself)' in Lat. vellō `tear away' a.o., to which ἁλίσκομαι `be caught' (*u̯elh₃-) is also drawn. Further more or less doubtful, for Greek unimportant cognates in WP.1,305ff. (w. rich lit.), Pok. 1144f., W.-Hofmann a. Ernout-Meillet s. volnus.Page in Frisk: 2,443-444Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑλή
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19 πίφρημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to let, to bring in, out, through', intr. `to intrude, to come in etc.' (com., E., also Th., D., Arist., Plb.).Other forms: only inf. ἐσ-πιφράναι (Arist.), besides - φρέω in εἰσ-έφρουν (D.), - εφρούμην (E.). Further only future- and aorist-forms, always w. prefix, esp. εἰσ- ( ἐπ-εισ- a.o.) and ἐκ-, but also δια- and ἀπο-: εἰσ-, ἐκ-, δια-φρήσω; ἀπο-, εἰσ-, ἐξ- έφρησα, ἐκ-φρησθῆναι; also ( ἐπ-)εισ-, ἐξ-έφρηκα with subj. ἐπ-εσ-φρῶ, ptc. ἐπ-εισ-φρείς, inf. εἰσ-φρῆναι (for - φρεῖναι? H.), ipv. ἔκ-φρες (Ar. V. 162 with Buttmann; codd. ἔκφερε); to this ipf. ἐξ-εφρίομεν (Ar. V. 125; for - εφρίεμεν?)Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: The above system of forms has evidently its centre in the futur- and aorist-forms; the rare present-forms are analogical formations. Thus εἰσ-έφρουν, - εφρούμην after the type ἐφίλουν, the hapax ἐσ-πιφράναι after ἱστάναι, πι(μ)πλάναι a.o. Through this already becomes unimportant the also semantically not unobjectionable equation of πιφράναι with the redupl. Skt. bí-bhar-ti `carry' (1. pl. bi-bhr̥-más: *πί-φρα-μεν; Brugmann, e.g. Brugmann-Thumb 331, with Curtius; after this Bq, WP. 2, 153 f., Pok. 128 f. a. o.). The aorist-forms ἐπεισ-έφρηκα, - φρῶ, - φρείς, ἔκ-φρες agree with ἐφ-ῆκα, -ῶ, - είς, - ες. So - φρήσω, - έ-φρηκα from - πρ(ο)-ἥσω, - πρ(ο)-ἧκα, to which the ipf. ἐξ-εφρίομεν (- εμεν?) after ( ἀφ)-ἵομεν (- εμεν); to this - έ-φρησα after ἔ-στησα etc. (Schwyzer 689 with Nauck a.o.)? The clearing away of the -o- and the from that following obscuration of the composition were favoured by the added prefixes. - So the basis will have been forms of προ-ίημι, aspiration giving φρ- (cf. φροῦρος).Page in Frisk: 2,546-547Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίφρημι
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20 ποθέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to desire, to long for, to miss' (Il.).Other forms: Inf. - ήμεναι (Od.), ind. - ήω (Sapph.), aor. ποθ-έσαι (Il.), - ῆσαι (IA.), fut. - έσομαι (Att.), - ήσω (IA.), perf. πεπόθ-ηκα, - ημαι (late).Compounds: Rarely w. prefix, esp. ἐπι-.Derivatives: ( ἐπι-) πόθ-ησις, - ημα (Aq., Ep. Cor. a.o.), ἐπιποθ-ία (Ep. Rom.) `longing'; also ποθ-ητύς f. `id.' (Opp.; Benveniste Noms d'agent 73), - ήτωρ m. `desirous person' (Man.). -- Besides πόθος m. `desire, longing, love' (Il.), also as plantname (Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Pfl.namen 107 w. lit.), ποθή f. `id.' (Hom., late prose), with ποθεινός `longed for' (Lyr., trag., also Att. prose), after ἀλγεινός a.o.; - ινός `id.' (AP); on πόθος: ποθή Bolelli Stud. itfllcl. N. S. 24, 111ff.Etymology: Beside the present ποθέω stands a primary verb, which is best represented through the aorist θέσσασθαι (s. v.); it is therefore obvious to take ποθέω as an orig. iterative-intensive and to equate it wih a corresponding Celt. formation, OIr. guidiu `pray' (Schwyzer 719, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348 f.). From primary verb were also the nom. actionis πόθος, ποθή derived, IE *gʷhódh-os\/, -ā́, to which ποθέω because of its strong phonetic differentition from the main verb was considered as denom. -- The mentioned verbal nouns have no correspondence outside Greek; note however a Celt. i̯ā-derivation, OIr. guide f. `prayer' (from *gʷhodh-i̯ā; cf. ἐπιποθ-ία). To the s. θέσσασθαι mentioned Celt. and Iran. words belong several, for Greek unimportant, cognates in Balto-Slav., e.g. the nasal verbs Lith. pa-si-gendù, -gedaũ, -gèsti `miss, long for', OCS žęždǫ, žędati `desire, long for, thirst', s. Fraenkel s. gèsti 2 and Vasmer s. žadátь w. lit.; on the whole still WP. 1, 673, Pok. 488.Page in Frisk: 2,570Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ποθέω
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