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1 ὑπόκειμαι
ὑπόκειμαι, used as [voice] Pass. of ὑποτίθημι, [tense] fut. ὑποκείσομαι Pi.O.1.85, etc., but [tense] aor. ὑπετέθην:—A lie under,ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα κεῖται Il.21.364
;θεμέλιοι ὑ. Th.1.93
;τὸν μηρὸν ὑποκείμενον ἔχειν Arist.IA 712b32
, cf. PA 686a13, 689b18: c. dat.,τοιαύτης τῆς κρηπῖδος ὑποκειμένης ταῖς πολιτείαις Pl.Plt. 301e
: τὰ ὑποκείμενα, opp. τὰ ὑπερκείμενα, Sor.1.8.2 of places, lie close to,ὑποκειμένης τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑπὸ τὴν Ἀττικήν Isoc. 4.108
;ὑ. τὸ πεδίον τῷ ἱερῷ Aeschin.3.118
;λόφος ὑποκείμενος τοῖς Σιννάκοις Plu.Crass.29
;τὸ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὑποκεῖσθαι πρὸς τοῦτον τὸν τόπον Arist.Mete. 364a7
, cf.Pr. 941b39;<τὰ> πρὸς βορρᾶν καὶ ἄρκτον ὑποκείμενα μέρη τῶν ὀρέων Gp.2.5.1
; τὰ ὑποκείμενα ἐδάφη the adjacent soil, D.S.3.50; ἡ-κειμένη χώρα the adjacent country, ibid. (but, the adjacent low lands, Id.2.37, Plu.Sert.17);ὄρος ὑπόκειται Plb.5.59.4
codd. ( ἐπίκ- Schweigh.);ὁ ὑποκείμενος ποταμός Id.3.74.2
; ὑποκεῖσθαι πρὸς τὴν ο?ὑπόκειμαιXψιν to be presented to the sight, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1013.17.3 to be given below in the text,κατὰ τὴν.. συγγραφήν, ἧς τὸ ἀντίγραφον ὑπόκειται PCair.Zen.355.122
(iii B. C.); γράψον.. τοὺς χαρακτῆρας ὡς ὑπόκειται as below, PMag.Par.1.408; λέγε τὸν λόγον τὸν ὑποκείμενον ib.230; ὡς ὑπόκειται as below, Sammelb.5231.11 (i A. D.), etc.; also, as set forth, PKlein.Form.78 (v/vi A. D.).II in various metaph. senses,1 to be established, set before one (by oneself or another) as an aim or principle, ἐμοὶ μὲν οὗτος ἄεθλος ὑποκείσεται shall be my appointed task, Pi. l. c.; δυοῖν ὑποκειμένοιν ὀνομάτοιν two phrases being prescribed, having legal sanction, D.23.36; ὑπόκειται πρῶτον μὲν διωμοσία, δεύτερον δὲ λόγος the prescribed course is.., ib.71; μένειν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑποκειμένων to abide by one's resolves, Plb.1.19.6, 2.51.1;μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς ὑ. γνώμης Id.1.40.5
; ἐμοὶ ὑπόκειται ὅτι .. for me it is a fixed principle that.., Hdt.2.123, cf. Arist.Oec. 1343b9;νομίζω συμφέρειν.. τοῦθ' ὑποκεῖσθαι D.14.3
; τῶν πραγμάτων ἐν οἷς τὰ ὑποκείμενα διαφέρει τῷ εἴδει things of which the principles differ in kind, Arist.Pol. 1275a35; τὰς ὑποκειμένας μοίρας τξ the conventional 3600, Ptol.Alm.5.1.2 to be assumed as a hypothesis (cf.ὑπόθεσις 111
), Pl.Cra. 436d, al.; ὑπέκειτο μὴ οἷόν τε εἶναι .. Id.Erx. 404b;τούτων ὑποκειμένων Id.Prt. 359a
, R. 478e; τὴν ἐκ τῶν -κειμένων ἀρίστην [πολιτείαν] the best (possible) in the circumstances, opp. to τὴν κρατίστην ἁπλῶς and to τὴν ἐξ ὑποθέσεως, Arist. Pol. 1288b26; let it be taken for granted,Id.
EN 1103b32, cf. 1129a11, al., Gal.15.175; ὑποκείσθω ὅτι .. let it be taken for granted that.., Arist.Pol. 1323b40;ὑ. εἶναι τὴν ἡδονὴν κίνησιν Id.Rh. 1369b33
: so with a nom., ὑ. ἡ ἀρετὴ εἶναι .. Id.EN 1104b27, cf. Rh. 1357a11: c. part.,τοιόνδε ζῷον ὑ. ὄν Id.GA 778b17
: without any Verb, ἡ τοῦ δέρματος φύσις ὑ. γεώδης (sc. εἶναι or οὖσα) ib. 782a29, etc.: cf. ὑποτίθημι IV. 1.4 to be in prospect, ; ; παρ' ὑμῖν ὀργὴ μεγάλη καὶ τιμωρία ὑπόκειται τοῖς τὰ ψευδῆ μαρτυροῦσι is reserved for them, Id.34.19, cf. Lycurg.130; δυοῖν κινδύνοιν -κειμένοιν ibid.;ὁρᾶν τὸν θάνατον ὑποκείμενον PPetr.3p.73
(iii B. C.); (iii B. C.);τοῦτο καὶ τοῖς μηθὲν ἀσεβὲς ἐπιτελεσαμένοις κατὰ τοὺς τοῦ πολέμου νόμους ὑπόκειται παθεῖν Plb.2.58.10
.5 to be subject to, submit to,τῷ ἄρχοντι Pl.Grg. 510c
;βασιλεῖ Philostr. VA3.20
;πατράσιν POxy. 237 vii 16
(ii A. D.);ἐξετάσεσιν PFlor.33.14
(iv A. D.);βασάνοις POxy.58.25
(iii A. D.): abs., pay court to one, ; τῷ λόγῳ to be captivated by the story, Philostr.VA6.14; subdued,Id.
VS2.4.2.6 to be subject to, liable to a penalty, Supp.Epigr.6.424, cf. 415,421, al. ([place name] Iconium), PLond.1.77.53 (vi A. D.): also c. acc.,ὑποκείσεται τῷ φίσκῳ δηνάρια πεντακόσια Rev.Phil.36.61
([place name] Iconium).7 to be pledged or mortgaged, c. gen., for a certain sum, Is.6.33, D.49.11,35;ναῦς ὑποκειμένη ἡμῖν Id.56.4
; τὰ ὑποκείμενα the articles pledged, Syngr. ap.D.35.12; the mortgaged property, SIG1044.28 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.);ἐνέχυρα-κείμενα IG12(7).58
([place name] Amorgos); ὑποκείμενοι, of slaves pledged for a sum of money, D.27.9.b of payments, to have been granted or allocated, ἀποφαίνουσιν ὑποκεῖσθαι ἐν τῇ γραφῇ τῶν εἰς τὰ ἱερὰ (sc. ὑποκειμένων)δίδοσθαι κτλ. UPZ21.4
(ii B. C.), cf. 23.21 (ii B. C.), BGU 1197.4, 1200.28 (both i B. C.): Subst. ὑποκείμενα, τά, = φιλάνθρωπα, salary ( ear-marked proceeds of taxes),τὰ ἐπιβάλλοντά μοι ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ὑ. PLond.2.357.9
, cf. 5 (i A. D.);ὑ. αἰτεῖ ἀπὸ τῶν κωμῶν BGU23.12
(ii/iii A. D.), cf. OGI665.19,26 (Egypt, i A. D.): c. dat., as part of name of specific taxes,ὑ. βασιλικῇ γραμματείᾳ
ear-marked for the benefit of..,PPar.
17.22 (ii A. D.);ὑ. τοπογραμματείᾳ PSI1.101.18
(ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1436.23 (ii A. D.), etc.: also in sg.,ὑποκείμενον ἐπιστρατηγία BGU 199.14
(ii A. D.), cf. PFlor.375.22 (ii A. D.), etc.: also c. gen.,ὑ. ἐννομίου PRyl.213.72
, al. (ii A. D.); τοπαρχίας ib.73, etc.8 in Philosophy, to underlie, as the foundation in which something else inheres, to be implied or presupposed by something else,ἑκάστῳ τῶν ὀνομάτων.. ὑ. τις ἴδιος οὐσία Pl.Prt. 349b
, cf. Cra. 422d, R. 581c, Ti.Locr.97e: τὸ ὑποκείμενον has three main applications: (1) to the matter which underlies the form, opp. εἶδος, ἐντελέχεια, Arist.Metaph. 983a30; (2) to the substance (matter + form) which underlies the accidents, opp. πάθη, συμβεβηκότα, Id.Cat. 1a20,27, Metaph. 1037b16, 983b16; (3) to the logical subject to which attributes are ascribed, opp. τὸ κατηγορούμενον, Id.Cat. 1b10,21, Ph. 189a31: applications (1 ) and (2 ) are distinguished in Id.Metaph. 1038b5, 1029a1-5, 1042a26-31: τὸ ὑ. is occasionally used of what underlies or is presupposed in some other way, e. g. of the positive termini presupposed by change, Id.Ph. 225a3-7.b exist, τὸ ἐκτὸς ὑποκείμενον the external reality, Stoic.2.48, cf. Epicur.Ep.1pp.12,24 U.;φῶς εἶναι τὸ χρῶμα τοῖς ὑ. ἐπιπῖπτον Aristarch.
Sam. ap. Placit.1.15.5;τὸ κρῖνον τί τε φαίνεται μόνον καὶ τί σὺν τῷ φαίνεσθαι ἔτι καὶ κατ' ἀλήθειαν ὑπόκειται S.E.M.7.143
, cf. 83,90,91, 10.240; = ὑπάρχω, τὰ ὑποκείμενα πράγματα the existing state of affairs, Plb.11.28.2, cf. 11.29.1, 15.8.11,13, 3.31.6, Eun.VSp.474 B.;Τίτος ἐξ ὑποκειμένων ἐνίκα, χρώμενος ὁπλις μοῖς καὶ τάξεσιν αἷς παρέλαβε Plu.Comp.Phil.Flam.2
;τῆς αὐτῆς δυνάμεως ὑποκειμένης Id.2.336b
;ἐχομένου τοῦ προσιόντος λόγου ὡς πρὸς τὸν ὑποκείμενον A.D.Synt.122.17
.c ὁ ὑ. ἐνιαυτός the year in question, D.S.11.75; οἱ ὑ. καιροί the time in question, Id.16.40, Plb.2.63.6, cf. Plu.Comp.Sol.Publ.4; τοῦ ὑ. μηνός the current month, PTeb.14.14 (ii B. C.), al.; ἐκ τοῦ ὑ. φόρου in return for a reduction from the said rent, PCair.Zen.649.18 (iii B. C.); πρὸς τὸ ὑ. νόει according to the context, Gp.6.11.7.9 in logical arrangement, to be subject or subordinate,τῇ.. ἰατρικῇ.. ἡ ὀψοποιικὴ.. ὑ. Pl. Grg. 465b
;ὁ τὴν καθόλου ἐπιστήμην ἔχων οἶδέ πως πάντα τὰ ὑποκείμενα Arist.Metaph. 982a23
, cf. APo. 91a11;ἑκάστη [τέχνη] περὶ τὸ αὐτῇ ὑ. ἐστι διδασκαλική Id.Rh. 1355b28
.b ἡ ὑ. ὕλη the subject-matter of a science or treatise, Id.EN 1094b12, 1098a28, Phld.Po.Herc.1676.3 (pl.); τὸ ὑ. the part affected by a disease, Plb.1.81.6.III trans., = ὑποτέθειμαι, I have appended,ὧν τὸ καθ' ἓν ὑπόκειμαι PTeb. 140
(i B. C.); cf. παράκειμαι ([place name] Addenda).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπόκειμαι
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2 δαμάζω
Aδαμάσω AP6.329
(Leon.); [dialect] Ep.δαμάσσω Il.22.176
, also δαμᾷ, δαμάᾳ, 1.61, 22.271; [ per.] 3pl.δαμόωσι 6.368
(v. δαμάω): [tense] aor. 1ἐδάμᾰσα Pi.N.7.90
(part.δαμάσσαις O.9.92
), [dialect] Ep. ἐδάμασσα, δάμασσα, Il.5.191, Od.14.367: [tense] pf.δεδάμακα Stob. Flor.Monac.82
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. [dialect] Ep.δαμάσσομαι Il.21.226
: [tense] aor. ἐδαμάσσατο, δαμάσαντο, δαμασσάμενος, Od.9.516, Il.10.210, Od.9.454; [tense] aor. 1 opt.δαμάσαιτο Leg.Gort.2.11
: [tense] aor. 2 opt. ([place name] Iconium):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. 3δεδμήσομαι h.Ap. 543
; irreg.δαμοῦμαι PMag.Par.1.2906
: [tense] aor.ἐδαμάσθην Od.8.231
, Pi.O.2.20, A.Pers. 279 (lyr.), E.Ph. 563; [dialect] Ep.δαμάσθην Il.19.9
, cf. 16.816; ἐδμήθην, imper.δμηθήτω 9.158
,δμηθείς 4.99
, Hes.Th. 1000, [dialect] Dor. (lyr.), E. (lyr., v. infr.), Cerc.7.1: ἐδάμην [ᾰ] Il.13.812, Parm.7.1, etc.; [dialect] Ep.δάμην Od.3.90
; [ per.] 3pl.δάμεν Il.8.344
; [dialect] Ep. subj.δαμείω Od.18.54
, 2 and [ per.] 3sg.δαμήῃς -ήῃ Il.3.436
, 22.246, [ per.] 2pl.δαμήετε 7.72
; opt.δαμείην Il.3.301
, E.Med. 648; inf.δαμῆναι Il.15.522
, A.Ch. 368 (lyr.), S.Ph. 200, [dialect] Ep. inf.δᾰμήμεναι Il.20.312
; part.δαμείς 22.40
, Sapph.90, etc. (only form of [tense] aor. used by S., and preferred by A. and E.): [tense] pf.δέδμημαι Il.5.878
, etc.,- ημένος 14.482
, etc.; laterδεδαμασμένος Nic.Al.29
, Epigr.Gr.550.9: [tense] plpf.δέδμητο Od.3.305
; [ per.] 3pl.- ήατο Il.3.183
.—Poet. Verb, used by X. in [tense] pres. part.δαμάζων Mem.4.3.10
: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. δαμασθεῖεν ib.4.1.3; also inf. δαμασθῆναι is f.l. in Isoc.7.4:— overpower:I of animals, tame, break in, twice in Hom., in [voice] Med.,ἡμίονον.. ἥτ' ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι Il.23.655
;τῶν κέν τιν'.. δαμασαίμην Od.4.637
:—later in [voice] Act., X.Mem.4.3.10:—[voice] Pass., ib.4.1.3.II of maidens, make subject to a husband,ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν Il.18.432
:—[voice] Med., force, seduce, Leg.Gort. l.c.:—[voice] Pass., Il.3.301, Od.3.269.III subdue, conquer, Od.9.59, al.;βίῃ καὶ χερσὶ δ. Hes.Th. 490
:—[voice] Pass., to be subject to another, ;δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ Od.3.305
.b of the gods, bring low, Il.9.118, 16.845, al.2 lay low, kill, esp. in fight,εἴ χ' ὑπ' ἐμοί γε θεὸς δαμάσῃ μνηστῆρας Od.21.213
:—[voice] Pass.,ὑπ' ἐμοὶ δμηθέντα Il.5.646
; ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντα ib. 653.3 of the powers of nature, etc., overcome, overpower,ἔρος.. θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν... ἐδάμασσεν 14.316
:—[voice] Med.,δαμασσάμενος φρένας οἴνῳ Od.9.454
, cf. 516:—[voice] Pass., to be overcome,αἴθρῳ καὶ καμάτῳ δεδμημένον 14.318
;μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ Il.10.2
;ὕπνῳ καὶ φιλότητι δαμείς 14.353
;ἁλὶ δέδμητο φίλον κῆρ Od.5.454
, cf. 8.231; dead,E.
Alc. 127 (lyr.).IV ἀγῶνα δαμάσσαι ἔργῳ win it, Pi.P.8.80.V οὐ μήποτε τοῦτο δαμῇ, εἶναι μὴ ἐόντα it shall never be proved that.., Parm.7.1. ( δᾰμᾰ-: δμη- underlies δάμνημι, ἐδάμα (ς) σα, de/dmhmai; dama/zw is a post-Homeric form of [tense] pres.; cf. Skt. dā´myati 'to be tamed', damitar- 'tamer', etc.) -
3 ὑποτάσσω
Aὑποτᾰγήσομαι Cyran.15
: [tense] aor. 2 ὑπετάγην [ᾰ] Phryn.Com. (v. infr.), etc.:— place or arrange under, assign,τινί τι Plb.3.36.7
, Plu.Nic.23, etc.;ὑ. ὑπὸ τὸ τῆς προδοσίας ὄνομα Plb.18.15.4
:—[voice] Pass., τὸ ὑποτεταγμένον (sc. ὀστέον ) the inferior bone, i. e. the ulna, Hp.Off.16.II post in the shelter of,ὑποτάσσεσθαι τινι Luc.Par.49
; draw up behind, Ael.Tact.15.1 ([voice] Pass.), Arr. Tact.26.7.2 subject,ἑαυτοὺς οὐδενί Phld.Rh.2.204
S., cf. Plu.Pomp.64; subdue, make subject, (Egypt, i B. C.), cf. 199.10, al. (Adule, i A. D.);ἔθνη Hdn.7.2.9
;αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Ep.Phil.3.21
;πάντα ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ Ep.Eph.1.22
:—[voice] Pass., to be obedient, τινι Ep.Col. 3.18, al.;ὑποτάγητε τῷ θεῷ Ep.Jac.4.7
, cf. Arr.Epict.3.24.65;ἄγρια θηρία ὑποταγήσεται αὐτῷ Cyran.15
; they will submit,Hdn.
2.2.8;τὸ πλῆθος -όμενον Onos. 1.17
, cf. Palaeph.38: abs., dejectedly, timidly,Phryn.Com.
59 (s. v. l.); subjects,Plb.
3.13.8, etc.; subordinates,Phld.
Oec. p.72 J.;ἐδούλευσας, ὑπετάγης Arr.Epict.4.4.33
; ὑποτεταγμέναι ἀρεταί subordinate virtues, i. e. the sub-divisions of the four cardinal ([etym.] πρῶται) virtues, Stoic.3.64.3 [voice] Pass., c. dat., underlie, to be implied in or associated with,τὰ -τεταγμένα τοῖς φθόγγοις Epicur.Ep. 1p.4U.
, cf. Nat.28p.13V.; τὰ -τεταγμένα, ἡ -τεταγμένη διάνοια, of the content or meaning which underlies a writer's words, Phld.Po.5.26,27.III put after, Plu.2.737f; subjoin, append,ὑποτετάχαμέν σοι.. τὸ ἀντίγραφον SIG664.11
(Delos, ii B. C.), cf. POxy. 34v iv 7 (ii A. D.):—[voice] Pass., τὰ -τεταγμένα what follows, OGI629.6 (Palmyra, ii A. D.); οἱ -τεταγμένοι [ ἀριθμοί] the numbers that follow, Plu.2.1020a, etc.; οἱ ὑποτεταγμένοι the following persons, SIG880.11 (Pizus, iii A. D.); κῶμαι αἱ ὑποτεταγμέναι the following villages, Ptol. Geog.6.7.27.2 take as a minor premiss, Arr.Epict.4.1.61.IV govern the subjunctive, EM471.16.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποτάσσω
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4 βαθμός
βαθμός, οῦ, ὁ (s. βαίνω; in various senses Strabo, Luc., et al.; LXX, ins, pap, 4 Esdr, Ps.-Soph. Philo, Joseph.)① a structured rest for the foot marking a stage in ascending or descending, step (cp. βαίνω ‘take a step, walk’; Soph.; Hellen. writers [Nägeli 26], LXX; ApcEsdr 4:8 p. 28, 7 Tdf. al.; Jos., Bell. 5, 206, Ant. 8, 140 in physical sense) ἐπὶ τρίτου βαθμοῦ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου on the third step of the altar GJs 7:3; cp. Ac 12:10 D.② a stage in intellectual or spiritual progress (Dio Chrys. 24 [41], 6; Philo, Aet. M. 58) grade (Jos., Bell. 4, 171 οἱ τῶν τολμημάτων βαθμοί), rank (cp. IG XII/2, 243, 16 τοῖς τᾶς ἀξίας βασμοῖς ἀνελόγησε=he kept up to the degrees of his rank): β. ἑαυτῷ καλὸν περιποιεῖσθαι win a good standing (or rank) for oneself 1 Ti 3:13. Perh. a t.t. of the mysteries underlies the last ref. (a ‘step’ in the soul’s journey heavenward); cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 9 ὁ βαθμὸς οὗτος, ὦ τέκνον, δικαιοσύνης ἐστὶν ἕδρασμα. Furthermore, philosophy seems also to have used β. to denote the gradual attainment of wisdom (s. OImmisch, Philol. n.s. 17, 1904, 33, 1).—On the form of the word s. RSchöll, SBBayAk 1893 II 500.—DELG s.v. βαίνω p. 157. M-M. -
5 βλάπτω
βλάπτω 1 aor. ἔβλαψα, subj. βλάψω. Pass.: fut. 1 pl. βλαβησόμεθα Just., A 1, 17, 4;1 aor. inf. βλαφθῆναι 1 Cl 1:1; 2 aor. 3 pl. ἐβλάβησαν Wsd 10:8; (s. two prec. entries; Hom.+) to harm, injure τινά someone (PHib 55, 5f [250 B.C.] σαυτὸν βλάψεις; 4 Macc 9:7; EpArist 232; Jos., Ant. 14, 355) MPol 10:2. οὐ μὴ αὐτοὺς βλάψῃ it will not hurt them Mk 16:18. τὶ someth. (SIG 360, 28; 839, 15; Pr 25:20a) τὸ πνεῦμα 2 Cl 20:4; τὴν σάρκα Hv 3, 10, 7 (preparation for visions imposes strain on the flesh, Joly p. 127, n. 3).—W. double acc. (Appian, Hann. 28 §119, Mithrid. 15 §51, Bell. Civ. 2, 131 §550; Jos., Ant. 8, 241) μηδὲν βλάψαν αὐτόν without doing him any harm Lk 4:35.—Pass. be harmed (Jos., Ant. 3, 193) underlies the Lat. and Syr. versions of 1 Cl 1:1, but the Gk trad. has the word βλασφημέω (q.v. bη).—B. 760. DELG s.v. βλάβη. M-M. TW. -
6 διδασκαλία
διδασκαλία, ας, ἡ (s. διδάσκω; Pind.+).① the act of teaching, teaching, instruction (X., Oec. 19, 15 ἆρα ἡ ἐρώτησις δ. ἐστίν; Epict. 2, 14, 1; SIG 672, 4 [II B.C.] ὑπὲρ τᾶς τῶν παίδων διδασκαλίας al.; POxy 1101, 4; Sir 39:8; Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 5; 13, 311; Just., A II, 10, 1; Ath. 33, 2) Ro 12:7. Of Timothy in role as superintendent or overseer 1 Ti 4:13, 16; εἰς δ. ἐγράφη was written for instruction Ro 15:4; ὠφέλιμος πρὸς δ. useful for instr. 2 Ti 3:16 (perh. a rabbinic-type expr., לִלְמַד, cp. Sanh. 73a, underlies the usage of δ. with a prep. in these two passages). πρὸς τ. χρείας as the needs required Papias (2:15).② that which is taught, teaching, instruction (cp. X., Cyr. 8, 7, 24 παρὰ τῶν προγεγενημένων μανθάνετε. αὕτη γὰρ ἀρίστη δ.; Sir 24:33; Pr 2:17; ancient Christian prayer [CSchmidt: Heinrici Festschr. 1914 p. 71, 26] δ. τῶν εὐαγγελίων; Just., D. 35, 2 καθαρᾶς δ. al.) w. ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων (after Is 29:13) Mt 15:9; Mk 7:7; Col 2:22; δ. δαιμονίων 1 Ti 4:1 (cp. αἱ δ. τῆς πλάνης Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 21]); κακὴ δ. IEph 16:2; δυσωδία τῆς δ. 17:1.—Eph 4:14. Freq. of the teachings of eccl. Christianity (αἱ δ. τῆς ἀληθείας Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 14]): δ. τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ Tit 2:10 (on the gen. cp. En 10:8 ἡ δ. Ἀζαήλ); δ. ὑγιαίνουσα 1 Ti 1:10; 2 Ti 4:3; Tit 1:9; 2:1; καλὴ δ. 1 Ti 4:6; ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν δ. godly teaching 6:3. Of dissident teaching: ἀπὸ τῆς δ. αὐτῶν ἀποφεύγετε AcPlCor 2:21.W. no modifiers w. λόγος 5:17; 6:1; 2 Ti 3:10; Tit 2:7. παραβολὰς και διδασκαλίας Papias (2:11).—M-M. TW. Sv. -
7 διδάσκαλος
διδάσκαλος, ου, ὁ (s. διδάσκω; Hom. Hymns, Aeschyl.+) teacher δ. ἐθνῶν Dg 11:1; πέποιθας σεαυτὸν εἶναι δ. νηπίων you are sure that you are (i.e. can be) a teacher of the young Ro 2:19f. ὀφείλοντες εἶναι διδάσκαλοι although you ought to be teachers Hb 5:12. W. μαθητής (Epict. 4, 6, 11; Jos., Ant. 17, 334; Did., Gen. 66, 25) Mt 10:24f; Lk 6:40; IMg 9:2. Used in addressing Jesus (corresp. to the title רַב,רַבִּי rabbi) Mt 8:19; 12:38; 19:16; 22:16, 24, 36; Mk 4:38; 9:17, 38; 10:17, 20, 35; 12:14, 19, 32; 13:1; Lk 3:12; 7:40; 9:38; 10:25; 11:45; 12:13; 18:18; 19:39; 20:21, 28, 39; 21:7; J8:4; IEph 15:1; IMg 9:2f. Also as designation for Jesus (ὁ δ. ἡμῶν Orig., C. Cels. 6, 36, 32; θεῖος δ. 1, 37, 19), w. other titles Dg 9:6. He is called βασιλεὺς καὶ δ. MPol 17:3. Ῥαββί w. translation J 1:38 (cp. 3:2), also Ῥαββουνί 20:16. W. the art. (=רַבָּא) Mt 9:11; 17:24; 23:8; 26:18; Mk 5:35; 14:14; Lk 6:40b; 8:49; 22:11; J 11:28 (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 53 πάρεστιν ὁ δ.). ὁ δ. καὶ ὁ κύριος (=מָר) as a title of respect 13:13f. Used of John the Baptist Lk 3:12. Of Scripture scholars in Jerusalem Lk 2:46; J 3:10 (Petosiris, Fgm. 36b, 13 ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει=the [well-known] teacher says; sim. Mk 14:14 and par.).—As an official of a Christian assembly Ac 13:1; 1 Cor 12:28f; Eph 4:11; 2 Ti 1:11; Js 3:1 (TOrbiso, VD 21, ’41, 169–82); D 15:1f; paid 13:2. Cp. Hv 3, 5, 1; m 4, 3, 1; Hs 9, 15, 4; 9, 16, 5; 9, 25, 2; B 1:8; 4:9. HGreeven, ZNW 44, ’52/53, 16–31. Of Paul δ. ἐθνῶν 1 Ti 2:7. Of Polycarp δ. ἀποστολικὸς καὶ προφητικός MPol 16:2; δ. ἐπίσημος 19:1; ὁ τῆς Ἀσίας δ. 12:2. Of dissident teachers δ. πονηρίας Hs 9, 19, 2. υἱὸς διδασκάλου as transl. of Barabbas (q.v.) underlies the Lat. text ‘filius magistri’ of GHb 339, 51 (s. Peter of Laodicea in Kl. T. 83 p. 10, ln. 9ff app.).—EReisch in Pauly-W. V, 1905, 401ff; Dalman, Worte 272ff; Schürer II 322–36, 417–22; GMoore, Judaism I 1927, 37–47, 308–22.—AHarnack, Lehre d. Zwölf Ap.: TU II/1/2 1884, 93ff, Mission I4 1923, 345ff; CDodd, Jesus as Teacher and Prophet: Mysterium Christi 1930, 53–66; FFilson, JBL 60, ’41, 317–28; EFascher, TLZ 79, ’54, 325–42; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT II, ’66, 54–74 (Jesus and the Teacher of Righteousness).—DELG s.v. διδάσκω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
8 δισμυριάς
δισμυριάς, άδος, ἡ (so Tdf. S. Vog. M. Bov.) a double myriad (i.e. 20,000) Rv 9:16 (also written separately δὶς μυριάς H.; δύο μυριάδες v.l., but precision would require δισμυριὰς μ., since only one double-myriad of tens of thousands appears to be in view); the undefined pl. suggests several units of twenty-thousand multiplied by 10,000. An indefinite number of incalculable immensity is indicated (as indefinite as the ἀναρίθμητοι μυριάδες of Theopompus in Περὶ ὕψους 43, 2). If the Hb. רִבֹּתַים רִבּוֹת, in which the first part expresses multiplication through the fem. dual form, underlies the Gk. phrase, δισμ. might well be the equivalent of this dual and with similar mng. ten thousand times ten thousand, i.e. ‘a very great number’. S. GMussies, Δύο in Rv 9:12 and 16: NovT 9, ’67, 151–54; s. also his Morphology pp. 223–25.—DELG s.v. δί. -
9 περιστερά
περιστερά, ᾶς, ἡ (Hdt., Aristoph.+) a bird of the family Columbidae (Aristot., HA 562b, 3–7 differentiates from τρυγών [turtle-dove] and φάττα: s. also 593a, 16. The rock-dove is the species generally seen in public places.) freq. glossed either as pigeon or dove (but the use of the latter term in preference to the former suggests a difference that cannot precisely be determined from usage in our texts), used for sacrifice, hence sold in the temple Mt 21:12; Mk 11:15; J 2:14, 16. Dalman, Arbeit VII (s. οἰκία 1a end).—On the δύο νοσσοὶ περιστερῶν Lk 2:24 s. νοσσός. The pigeon which, fr. the viewpoint of natural science in ancient times, has no bile, was for the early Christians the symbol of all kinds of virtues (s. WBauer, D. Leben Jesu 1909, 117): ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί Mt 10:16; cp. IPol 2:2. Hence the Holy Spirit, in appearing at Jesus’ baptism, took the form of a pigeon/dove (WTelfer, The Form of a Dove: JTS 29, 1928, 238–42; LKeck, NTS 17, ’70/71, 41–67 ‘dove-like descent’) Mt 3:16; Mk 1:10; Lk 3:22; J 1:32; GEb 18, 36.—HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 56ff; HGressmann, Die Sage v. d. Taufe Jesu und d. vorderoriental. Taubengöttin: ARW 20, 1920/21, 1–40; 323–59.—On the symbolism cp. use of Gen 1:2 at Qumran (4Q521, 2:6), s. DAllison, Bar 8, ’92, 58–60; JMarcus, NTS 41, ’95, 512–21. ὡσεὶ π. (of Mary) GJs 8:1. π. ἐξῆλθεν απὸ τῆς ῥάβδου a pigeon went forth from (Joseph’s) staff 9:1 (symbolic of the birth of a king). In MPol 16:1 the rdg. περὶ στύρακα, a conjectural insertion by Wordsworth, generated some undeserved approval. The Gk. mss. have περιστερὰ καί, which is bracketed by Bihlmeyer (s. JKleist, tr. ’48, note ad loc.). The concept of the pigeon as representing the soul underlies this (cp., in a way, Quint. Symyrn. 8, 202f ψυχὴ διʼ ἕλκεος ἐξεποτήθη ἐκ μελέων=the soul flew out of his body through the wound).—GWeicker, D. Seelenvogel 1902, 26f; HGünter, Die christl. Legende des Abendlandes 1910, 13; 45; 86; 142; 148; 191; FSühling, D. Taube als. relig. Symbol im christl. Altertum 1930.—Kl. Pauly V 534–36; BHHW III 1934. SEG XLII, 1789 (ins and bibliog. on pigeons, incl. their religious functions; s. FChamoux, CRAI ’92, 623–42).—DELG. M-M. TW. -
10 ἀναγκαστῶς
ἀναγκαστῶς (s. ἀναγκάζω; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 366a) adv. fr. ἀναγκαστός (Hdt. et al.; Jos., Ant. 18, 37) by compulsion (opp. ἑκουσίως) ποιμαίνειν 1 Pt 5:2 (the model of the volunteering civic-minded pers. underlies the line of thought).—M-M. -
11 ἐμμένω
ἐμμένω fut. ἐμμενεῖ LXX; 1 aor. ἐνέμεινα (s. μένω beg.; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 18:18; Philo, Joseph.)① to stay in the same place over a period of time, stay/remain (in) w. ἐν (Thu. 2, 23, 3; X., An. 4, 7, 16)ⓐ lit. (PTebt 230 descr. [II B.C.] ἐ. μέχρι νυκτός ‘remained [in the shop] until evening’) ἐν ἰδίῳ μισθώματι Ac 28:30.ⓑ metaph. αἱ πονηρίαι αὐτῶν ἐν τ. καρδίαις ἐμμένουσι Hv 3, 6, 3.② to persist in a state or enterprise, persevere in, stand by τινί someth. (Attic wr., also Diod S 15, 19, 4; Plut., Ages. 608 [23, 5]; SIG 1219, 20 [III B.C.]; POxy 138, 36; Sir 11:21; 1 Macc 10:26; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 125; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 257) τῇ ἁπλότητι Hv 3, 1, 9; τῇ πίστει (Jos., Ant. 19, 247, Vi. 34) Ac 14:22; Hs 8, 9, 1. πᾶσιν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ abide by everything written in the book Gal 3:10 (Dt 27:26 underlies this. But the change of [ἐν] πᾶσι τοῖς λόγοις τ. νόμου there into πᾶσιν τ. γεγραμμ. ἐν τ. β. here seems to have been caused by the infl. [prob. unconscious] of a common legal formula of the official style, which uses ἐ. followed by the dat. of a ptc., mostly in pl., w. or without ἐν; s. Dssm., NB 76f [BS 248f]; ABerger, D. Strafklauseln in den Pap.-urkunden 1911, 3f; OEger, ZNW 18, 1918, 94.—The legal formula also influences religious language in Alex. Aphr., Fat. 17, II/2 p. 188, 15 ἐμμένειν τοῖς ὑπὸ τῶν θεῶν προαγορευομένοις); τῇ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα κλήσει AcPl Ha 7, 33. For this ἔν τινι (Thu. 4, 118, 14; Polyb. 3, 70, 4 ἐν τ. πίστει; Sir 6:20) ἐν τ. διαθήκῃ μου Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32); ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις Hm 4, 1, 9; ἐν ταῖς πράξεσιν Hs 8, 7, 3. ἐπί τινι (Is 30:18 v.l.): ἐφʼ οἷς ἐπιστεύσαμεν remain true to the things we have believed 2 Cl 15:3. Abs. (En 5:4; SibOr 5, 524) persevere, stand firm Hv 2, 2, 7; 2, 3, 2.—DELG s.v. μένω. M-M. TW. -
12 ἡγεμών
ἡγεμών, όνος, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).① one who rules, esp. in a preeminent position, ruler (Soph., Oed. R. 103; SIG 814, 25; Ex 15:15; Job 42:17d; Jos., Ant. 19, 217. Perh. ‘chieftain’ Gen 36:15ff; 1 Ch 1:51ff) ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα among the rulers of Judah Mt 2:6 (after Mi 5:1; the rendering ἐν τ. ἡγεμόσιν instead of the LXX ἐν χιλιάσιν, following rabbinic methods of interpretation, is suggested by ἡγούμενον in 2 Km 5:2, cited in the last part of Mt 2:6. On the view that a misunderstanding of the original text or a variant in the LXX tradition underlies the text, s. comm.).② head imperial provincial administrator, governor in the provinces (Dio Chrys. 31 [48], 1; Ael. Aristid. 50, 12 K.= 26 p. 505 D.; OGI index; pap; Jos., Ant. 15, 405) Mt 10:18; 27:23 v.l.; Mk 13:9; Lk 21:12; 1 Pt 2:14. Esp. of the procurators or prefects in Judaea: Pontius Pilate (Jos., Ant. 18, 55 Πιλᾶτος δὲ ὁ τ. Ἰουδαίας ἡγεμών; JVardaman, A New Inscr. [Lat.] which Mentions Pilate as ‘Prefect’, JBL 81, ’62, 70f; Boffo, Iscrizione no. 25) Mt 27:2, 11, 14 f, 21, 27; 28:14; Lk 20:20; Felix Ac 23:24, 26, 33; 24:1, 10; Festus 26:30.—Jerome (in Epheus) AcPl Ha 1, 23. WLiebenam, Beiträge z. Verwaltungsgesch. d. röm. Reiches I 1886, 1ff; Pauly-W. XXIII, 1, 1240–79. GBurton, Provincial Procurators and the Public Provinces: Chiron 23, ’93, 13–28.—LRobert, AntCl 62, ’60, 329. DELG s.v. ἡγέομαι. EDNT. M-M. -
13 ὑπωπιάζω
ὑπωπιάζω (on the v.l. ὑποπιάζειν s. W-S. §5, 19 note, end; Mlt-H. 75) (‘strike under the eye, give a black eye to’ Aristot., Rhet. 3, 11, 15, 1413a, 20; TestSol 2:4 D [ὑποπ.]; Plut., Mor. 921f; Diog. L. 6, 89)① to blacken an eye, give a black eye, strike in the face lit. τινά someone, of a woman who is driven to desperation and who the judge in the story thinks might in the end express herself physically ἵνα μὴ εἰς τέλος ἐρχομένη ὑπωπιάζῃ με so that she might not finally come and blacken my eye Lk 18:5. Hyperbole is stock-in-trade of popular storytelling. Some prefer to understand ὑπ. in this pass. in sense② to bring someone to submission by constant annoyance, wear down, fig. ext. of 1 (s. L-S-J-M s.v. II, NRSV, REB, et al.). In this interp. ὑπ. in Lk 18:5 has its meaning determined by εἰς τέλος. But in such case the denouement lacks punch, for the judge has already been worn down and wants nothing added to the κόπος that he has already endured. A more appropriate rendering for a fig. sense would be browbeat.—JDerrett, NTS 18, ’71/72, 178–91 (esp. 189–91): a fig. expr. (common throughout Asia), blacken my face = slander, besmirch underlies ὑπ. here.③ to put under strict discipline, punish, treat roughly, torment, also fig. (cp. Aristoph., Fgm. 541 πόλεις ὑπωπιασμέναι) 1 Cor 9:27 (of the apostle’s self-imposed discipline. But the expr. is obviously taken fr. the language of prize-fighting vs. 26; on the virtue of self-control cp. X., Mem. 2, 1, 1; 5).—DELG s.v. ὄπωπα E. M-M. TW.
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