recent

recent

πρόσφᾰτος, ον,

A fresh, not decomposed, of a corpse miraculously preserved,

νῦν δέ μοι ἑρσήεις καὶ π. ἐν μεγάροισιν κεῖσαι Il.24.757

; νεκρὸς π. Hdt.2.89, 121.έ; τροφὴ ἔτι π. (sc. before digestion begins) Arist.PA 675b32; [ζῷα] τὰ πεπωκότα πόμα π. which have taken a recent drink, Id.HA 520b31;

πορφύρας.. πρόσφατον τὸ ἄνθος ἔτι φυλαττούσης Plu.Alex.36

; of fish, Antiph.218.1, Men.462.4, PMich.Zen.72.8 (iii B.C.);

ἐχῖνοι Posidipp.14

; of poultry, Gal.Vict.Att.8; [ κρέα] Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 49, cf. Sor.2.15, al.;

δέλεαρ Arist.HA 534a12

; ζῷα π., opp. salted, D.S.3.31, cf. Gal.6.728;

ἄλφιτα καὶ ἄλητα Hp. Vict.2.44

, gloss on ποταίνια in Acut.37; καρποί, ἔλαιον, Arist.Pr. 926a30, 927a29; ῥίζαι [σιλφίου] Thphr.HP6.3.5;

σταφυλή LXX Nu.6.3

, Sor. 1.51;

φῦκος Agatharch.35

;

νάρδος Dsc.1.7

;

χιών Plb.3.55.1

;

παγάν Pi.P.4.299

(unless πρόσφατον ξενωθείς = recently entertained); ὕδωρ newly-drawn well-water, Plu.2.690c;

ποτόν Porph.Marc.4

; αἷμα uncoagulated, opp. πεπηγότες θρόμβοι, Hp.Epid.7.10; [

καταμηνίων ῥύσις] -ωτέρα Arist.GA 764a6

; σπέρμα, οὖρον, Id.Pr. 924b28, 907b25.

2 of events and actions, recent,

δίκαι A.Ch. 804

(lyr.);

ἐπιστολαί S.Fr. 128

;

ὀργή Lys.18.19

;

ὀχεία Arist.HA 509b31

;

φόβος Aen.Tact.3.1

;

φθόνος Plu.Them.24

;

θεωρίαι καὶ μαθήσεις Arist.EE 1237a24

;

φαντασία Id.MM 1203b4

; λύπη defined as

δόξα πρόσφατος κακοῦ παρουσίας Zeno Stoic.1.52

;

ἀτύχημα Plb.1.21.9

;

εὐεργεσίαι Id.2.46.1

; [ πράγματα] Plu.2.146b; ὄγκοι ( = οἰδήματα) Gal.18(2).145; βήξ, i.e. not yet chronic, Sor.1.123, cf. 2.46; γάλα, i.e. lately begun to be secreted, Id.1.89; of persons, recent in date, of Homer, Arist. Mete. 351b35; μάρτυρες.. οἱ μὲν παλαιοὶ οἱ δὲ π. Id.Rh. 1375b27: used predicatively, χρόνοι [τοῖς πλουσίοις] τοῦ δίκην ὑποσχεῖν.. δίδονται, καὶ τἀδικήμαθ' ἕωλα.. ὡς ὑμᾶς καὶ ψύχρ' ἀφικνεῖται, τῶν δ' ἄλλων ἡμῶν ἕκαστος π. κρίνεται the cases of us poor men are served up fresh, D.21.112; νεαλὴς καὶ π. fresh (because recently imprisoned), Id.25.61.

3 new,

οὐκ ἔστι πᾶν π. ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον LXX Ec.1.9

; οὐκ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ θεὸς π. ib.Ps.80(81).10;

ὁδὸν π. καὶ ζῶσαν Ep.Hebr.10.20

;

ἀεὶ ἡδίων ἡ π. ἀφροδίτη Alciphr.1.39

.

II Adv. - τως newly, lately,

π. ἠγγελμένων Aen.Tact.16.2

, cf. LXX De.24.5, OGI315.23 (Pessinus, ii B.C.), Parth.28.1, D.S.14.115, J.BJ1.6.2, Babr.30.3, Anon.Hist. ( FGrH 153) p.826 J. (Orig. = νεωστὶ ἀνῃρημένος (cf. πέφαται, etc.) acc. to Phot.; perh. slaughtered for (the occasion).)

υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’

① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendant

ⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.

ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).

ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.

ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.

② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1

ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.

ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).

ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thing

α. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).

β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).

ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesus

α. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 4, Rel.³ 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.

β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest² 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen² 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.² ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums² ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.

γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.³ 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.³ 418ff; Clemen² 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.² 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie² I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels² 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf² ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach³, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

νεώτερος, α, ον, [comp] Comp. of νέος, of persons,

A younger,

γενεῆφι ν. Il.

21.439;

ὢν φύσει ν. S.OC 1295

; too young, Od.21.132; a minor, Th. 3.26;

οἱ ν.

men of military age,

Id.5.50

; τὸ πρεσβύτερόν τε καὶ τὸ ν. ib.64: c. gen., οἱ ν. τῶν πεπραγμένων those who are too young to remember the events, D.18.50; οἱ ν. the new school, of poets, Cic.Att.7.2.1; of poets later than Homer, Sch.Il.16.574, 24.257.

2 [comp] Sup.,

γενεῇ δὲ νεώτατος ἔσκον ἁπάντων Il.7.153

, etc.; ἡ ν. δημοκρατία, opp. ἡ πατρία δ., Arist.Pol. 1305a29.

II of events, newer, more recent,

νεώτερον κακόν Pi.P.4.155

; of recent origin,

Δημόκριτος μουσικήν φησι ν. εἶναι Phld.Mus.p.108K.

: metaph., later, worse,

ν. βούλευμα S.Ph. 560

; νεώτερον πρήσσειν contrive calamity, injury, Hdt.5.106: freq. with τι

, ἤν τι καταλαμβάνῃ ν. τὸν πεζὸν [στρατόν] Id.8.21

;

δέδοικα μή τι δρᾷ ν. Ar.Ec. 338

, cf. Pi.Fr.107.6, Theoc.24.40; μή τι ν. ἀγγέλλεις; Pl.Prt. 310b;

νεώτερόν τι ποιεῖν ἔς τινα Th.1.132

;

κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα Hdt.8.142

;

περὶ πόλιν Ἑλλάδα Id.5.93

;

νεώτερα βουλεύειν περί τινος Id.1.210

;

μηδὲν νεώτερον ποιεῖν περὶ ἀνδρῶν Th.2.6

.

2 freq. of rebellion or violent revolution,

ν. τι ποιέειν Hdt.5.35

, etc.; ν. πρήγματα πρήξειν ib.19;

νεωτέρων πραγμάτων ἐπιθυμεῖν Isoc.7.59

, X.HG5.2.9, etc.

ἀρτιζυγία

recent union: fem acc sg

ἀρτιζυγία

recent union: fem acc sg

-ος,-ον ⁺ A 2-0-0-2-2=6 Nm 6,3; Dt 32,17; Ps 80(81),10; Eccl 1,9; Od 2,17

new Eccl 1,9; new, recent Dt 32,17; fresh (of fruit) Nm 6,3 Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992 49.330; →TWNT

νεᾰρός, ά, όν, poet. for νέος (also in later Prose, v. infr.),

A youthful,

παῖδες Il.2.289

, cf. Pi.P.10.25, etc.; τὸ ἦθος νεαρός, opp. νέος τὴν ἡλικίαν, Arist.EN 1095a7;

νεαροί

youths,

A.Ag. 359

, 1504 (both anap.);

ν. ἥβη Ar.Fr. 467

; = νεαλής, ν. στρατός Hdn.3.7.5;

τὸ ν.

youthful spirit,

X.Cyr.1.4.3

;

λόγος ν. καὶ θεατρικός Plu.2.802e

;

σχηματισμοὶ πολὺ τὸ ν. ἔχοντες D.H.Comp.23

.

2 of things, new,

ὕμνοι Hes.Fr. 265

;

νεαρὰ ἐξευρεῖν Pi.N.8.20

; fresh,

μυελός A.Ag.76

(anap.);

σώματα X. Cyn.9.10

; ν. δέλεαρ, opp. σαπρόν, Arist.HA 534b4;

τροφή Id.PA 675b29

; ν. τυρός, ὄστρεα, Dsc.2.71, Ath.1.7d;

- ώτεροι κλῶνες Gal.12.283

;

καππάρεως ὅτι -ωτάτης PCair.Zen. 488

(iii B.C.).

3 of events, recent,

ξυντυχίαι S.Ant. 157

(anap.); of a letter, D.L.1.112.

4 αἱ νεαραί (sc. διατάξεις ) title of the novellae of Justinian;

ἡ θεία καὶ ν. διάταξις PGrenf.1.62.13

(vi A.D.).

II Adv.

- ρῶς

youthfully, rawly,

Luc.Hist.Conscr.50

: [comp] Comp.,

διειλεγμένον -ωτέρως

with more spirit,

Isoc.12.229

. [ νεα- by synizesis, as one long syll., Pi.ll.cc.; cf. νηρός.]

νεό-δμητος (A), ον, ([etym.] δαμάω)

A newly tamed: metaph., of young wives, new-wedded, κόρη ib. 623;

γυναῖκες Q.S.3.405

.

2 newly killed, E.Rh. 887 (lyr., v.l. νεόκμητον), Lyc.65.

3 born of recent defeat,

ἀνάγκη Q.S.5.161

.

------------------------------------

νεό-δμητος (B), [dialect] Dor. [suff] νεό-δμᾱτος, ον, ([etym.] δέμω)

A new-built, Pi. I.4(3).62, IG14.2508 ([place name] Nemausus), App.Mith.40.

νεο-σύστᾰτος, ον,

A recently formed, i.e. recent, of disease, Critoap.Gal.12.830; sudden,

κατάρρους Herod.Med.

ap. Orib.10.17.2.

II having newly joined a sect, proselyte, J.BJ2.8.9.

νεό-τοκος, ον,

A new-born: metaph., fresh, recent,

πάθος Aret.CD1.5

.

II parox. νεοτόκος, ον, [voice] Act., having just brought forth, E.Ba. 701, Aret.CA2.3;

λύκαινα νεοτόκος σπαργῶσα τοὺς μαστούς D.H.1.79

, Plu.2.320d.

ἀντευ-πάσχω and [suff] ἀντευ-ποιέω are by recent edd. written divisim ἀντ' εὖ π. (v. Pl.Grg. 520e, X.An.5.5.21, D.20.124), on the ground that εὖ never enters into direct composition with Verbs,

A v. εὖ fin.; but ἀντευποιεῖν is read in Arist.EN 1179a28, Rh. 1374a24.

ἀρτι-ζῠγία, ἡ,

A recent union, ἀνδρῶν ἀ., i. e. newly married husbands, A.Pers. 542.

ἔγχρον-ος, ον,

A lasting a short time, App.Fr.3 (expld. by Suid. as recent).

2 in time, temporal, opp. αἰώνιος, Ocell.1.2, Ascl. in Metaph.424.7, Procl.Inst.53, al., Dam. Pr.90, al., Simp.in Ph.461.12.

ἔναγχος, Adv.

A just now, lately, Ar.Nu. 639, Eup.181.2, Lys.19.50, Pl.Grg. 462c, D.21.36; τὸ ἔ. Ar.Ec. 823; opp. πάλαι, Isoc.19.43; τὸ ἔ. πάθος the recent misfortune, App.BC1.9: c. gen.,

ἔ. τοῦ Χρόνου D.H.7.45

.

ὀφλισκάνω, S.Ant. 470, E.Alc. 1093, Pl.Tht. 161e: [tense] impf.

A

ὠφλίσκανον D.30.2

: [tense] fut.

ὀφλήσω S.OT 511

(lyr.), E.Hec. 327, Ar. Pax 172, Pl. Phd. 117a: [tense] pf.

ὤφληκα Ar.Nu.34

, etc.; Arc. part. dat. pl.

Ϝοφληκόσι IG5(2).262.18

(Mantinea, v B. C.), and [ per.] 3pl. Ϝοφλέασι prob. in ib.1: [tense] aor.

ὤφλησα Lys.13.65

codd. ( ὦφλεν Sauppe), Aristid.2.143 J., Sopat. in Rh.8.243 W., ([etym.] προς-) Alciphr.3.26; in correct writers the [tense] aor. is ὦφλον, Hdt.8.26, And.1.73, etc.; inf.

ὀφλεῖν Th.5.101

, etc.; part.

ὀφλών IG12.6.31

, Th.3.70, etc.: sts. wrongly written ὄφλειν, ὄφλων, as if there were an [dialect] Att. [tense] pres. [full] ὄφλω; but this [tense] pres., though quoted by Hdn. Gr.1.448, occurs only in late writers as D.Chr.31.143, 153(f.l.): [full] ὀφλέω is a still more doubtful form; for in Hsch. ὀφλεῖ shd. be corrected ὄφλει; ὤφλεε in Hdt.8.26 is an error for ὦφλε (which is given by some codd.): [tense] pres. [full] ὀφλίσκω is cited by Suid.; [full] ὀφλάνω by Phot. and Hsch.; and [ per.] 3sg. [tense] fut. ὀφλανεῖ from Sol. by Sch.Gen.Il.21.282. (From same root as ὀφείλω, q. v.; origin doubtful: ὀφλισκάνω and ὀφλήσω may be recent formations from ὦφλον, ὤφληκα.):— become a debtor, prop. of one condemned to pay a fine, become liable to pay,

ζημίαν E.Med. 581

, etc.;

χρήματα Lys.20.14

;

πέντε τάλαντα Ar. Pax 172

;

χιλίας δραχμάς Pl.Ap. 36a

;

τὸ μείωμα εἴκοσι μνᾶς X.An.5.8.1

;

τὴν ἐπωβελίαν Isoc.18.12

.

2 δίκην ὀφλεῖν to be cast in a suit, lose one's cause,

δίκας ὤφληκα Ar.Nu.34

, cf. Av. 1457;

ἤν τις ὄφλῃ παρὰ τοῖς ἄρχουσι δίκην τῳ Id.Ec. 655

; ὀφλεῖν δίαιταν to lose in an arbitration, Is.12.12 (prob. cj. for ὤφειλον codd.), D.29.58, etc.; ἐρήμην ὀ. τὴν δίκην to let judgement go against one by default, Antipho 5.13;

ἐξούλας ἢ γραφὰς ἢ ἐπιβολάς And.1.73

;

κλοπῆς ἕνεκα τὰς εὐθύνας ὀ. Aeschin.3.10

.

3 abs., to be cast, to be the losing party,

μέλλων ὀφλήσειν Ar.Nu. 777

;

κᾆτ' ὀφλὼν ἀπέρχεται Id.Ach. 689

, cf. Th.3.70, Pl.Lg. 745a, PHal.1.200 (iii B. C.); ὀφλεῖν τῷ δημοσίῳ ἐπί τινι for an offence, D.39.14.

4 c. gen. criminis,

ὀφλὼν ἁρπαγῆς τε καὶ κλοπῆς δίκην A.Ag. 534

: without

δίκην, ὠφληκὼς φόνου Pl.Lg. 874b

; ὀ. τραύματος ἐκ προνοίας ib. 877c;

ὀψὲ ὁδοῦ Id.Cra. 433a

(s.v.l.); ὀ. κλοπῆς, δώρων, And.1.74; ἀστρατείας, ἀποστασίου, D.24.103, 25.65; butalso

b c. gen. poenae, θανάτου δίκην ὀ. Pl.Ap. 39b, Lg. 856d.

c c. inf.,

ὦφλεν δύο τριήρεις καινὰς ἀποδοῦναι IG22.1623.149

.

d c. part.,

ἄν τις ὄφλῃ φαρμακείαις τισὶ βλάπτων Pl.Lg. 845e

.

II generally, of anything which one deserves or brings on oneself, αἰσχύνην, βλάβην ὀ., incur them, E.Hel.67, Andr. 188; ὀ. γέλωτα to be laughed at, Id.Med. 404, Ar.Nu. 1035; τινι by one, E.Ba. 854; παρά τινι, πρός τινα, Pl. Phd. 117a, Hp.Ma. 282a.

2 δειλίαν ὀ. incur a charge of cowardice, get a character for cowardice, δειλίην ὦφλε (v.l. ὤφλεε) πρὸς βασιλέος he drew upon himself the reproach of cowardice from the king, Hdt.8.26, cf. E.Heracl. 985;

μώρῳ μωρίαν ὀφλισκάνω S.Ant. 470

, cf. E.Med. 1227, etc.; αὐθαδία τοι σκαιότητ' ὀ. S.Ant. 1028;

ἀπ' ἐμᾶς φρενὸς οὔποτ' ὀφλήσει κακίαν Id.OT 511

(lyr.);

ἀμαθίαν ὀφλήσομεν E.Hec. 327

, cf. Ion 443;

μοχθηρίαν καὶ ἀδικίαν Pl.Ap. 39b

;

ἄνοιαν D.1.26

;

αἰσχύνην Id.2.3

.

ὄψῐμος, ον, ([etym.] ὀψέ) poet. for ὄψιος,

A late, slow, τέρας ὄ. for (concerned with) a late time, Il.2.325: in Prose, late in the season,

σπόρος X.Oec. 17.4

, 5, but f.l. for ὄψιος in Thphr.HP1.9.7, al.; of crops, LXX Ex.9.32, PSI4.433.2 (iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.299.2 (iii B. C.);

ἐν τοῖς ὀ. τῶν ὑδάτων D.S.1.10

;

ὑετὸς πρώϊμος καὶ ὄ. Ep.Jac.5.7

: [comp] Comp.,

καιρὸς -ώτερος PFay.133.9

(iii A. D.); recent,

ποιητική Plu.2.674f

. Adv.

- μως PTeb. 72.361

(ii B. C.), POxy.474.24 (ii A. D.), Procl. ad Hes.Op. 483.

ὑπόγυιος or (v. sub fin.) [full] ὑπόγῠος, ον,

A nigh at hand, imminent,

ὑ. μοι τῆς τοῦ βίου τελευτῆς οὔσης Isoc.15.4

, ὑπόγυον ἐνδείκνυται θάνατον Gal.18(2).69; ὑπόγυον, used abs., near the end, at the approach of death, Hp.Epid.7.51,52;

εἴ τινων ὑ. ἡ ἀφαίρεσις τῶν καρπῶν Thphr. CP1.13.10

; τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ὑπογυιότατον (v.l. -γυώτατον)

πρὸς αὐτάρκειαν

the readiest means,

Arist.Pol. 1321b16

;

ὑπογύου οὔσης τῆς ἑορτῆς Id.Oec. 1347a28

, cf. IG5(2).265.10 (Mantinea, i B. C.);

τῶν χρόνων ὑ. ὄντων D.28.17

; ἡ ὑπόγυος πρόσταξις the immediate command (i.e. that something shall be done immediately), A.D.Synt.253.2;

ἡ ἐκεῖνος καὶ ἡ οὗτος.. τὴν ὑπόγυιον γνῶσιν τοῦ προσώπου παριστᾶσιν Id.Pron.61.4

. Adv. ὑπογύως immediately, in the immediate future,

ἐὰν γένηται ἡμᾶς μὴ ὑ. ἀναπλεῖν PAmh.2.135.10

(ii A. D.).

II recent,

ὁ πόλεμος ὁ ὑπογυιότατος Isoc.14.17

;

ὑπογυωτέροις παραδείγμασι χρῆσθαι D.61.46

; τὰ ὑπογυιότατα Ps.-Philipp. ap. eund.12.12;

ὑπογυώτερα τοῖς χρόνοις D.60.9

; ὑπόγυιόν ἐστι ἐξ οὗ .. it is a very short time since.., Isoc.18.29; ἐν τοῖς ὑ. λόγοις, opp. τοῖς ἄνω, Arist.GA 757a28;

ταῖς ὑ. ἀπεψίαις Gal.6.195

;

ὑπόγυοι αἰτίαι νοσημάτων Id.15.162

. Adv. ὑπογυίως or

- γύως

recently, lately,

Ath.5.206d

, Dsc.Ther.Prooem., BGU 731 ii 5 (ii A. D.); ἔχων ὑ. ἐν μνήμῃ τὰς τιμὰς ὧν ἀγοράζει having freshly in his mind. PRyl.233.12 (ii A. D.): neut. - γυον as Adv., Gloss.;

τὸ ὑπογυιότατον Isoc.9.81

.

III sudden,

ὅσα θάνατον ἐπιφέρει ὑπόγυια ὄντα Arist.EN 1115a34

;

ἐξ ὑπογύου

off-hand, on the spur of the moment,

X.Cyr.6.1.43

, Pl.Mx. 235c, Isoc.4.13; ἐξ ὑ. γίγνεσθαι, opp. ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου σκέψασθαι, Arist.Rh. 1354b3;

ἐξ ὑπογύου τινὸς χρόνου OGI13.7

(Samos. iv B. C.).

2 of persons, ὑ. τῇ ὀργῇ in the first burst of anger, Arist.Rh. 1380b6.

3 actual, present,

διὰ τὴν ὑπόγυιον ἰσχνότητα Gal.Nat.Fac.2.6

.—The forms ὑπό-γυιος and - γυος vary continually in codd., and the erroneous [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. forms ὑπογυιώτερος -ώτατος, and ὑπογυότερος -ότατος occur; in Papyri and Inscrr. we have

ὑπογύως POxy. 237 vi 6

, vii 32 (ii A. D.), etc.,

ὑπογυίως PSI 10.1103.8

(iii A. D.),

ὑπόγυιος IG5(2)

l.c., CPR220.5 (i A. D.).

ὠτειλ-ή, ἡ,

A wound, esp. a fresh, open wound, Il. (acc. to Ammon. Diff.pp.104,144, opp. οὐλή)

; δεῖξεν.. αἷμα καταρρέον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς Il.5.870

;

αἷμ' ἔτι θερμὸν ἀνήνοθεν ἐξὠ. 11.266

, cf. 17.297;

δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξὠ. εἴρυσε 16.862

;

ὠτειλὴν.. δῆσαν ἐπισταμένως Od.19.456

;—Aristarch. considered ὠτειλή as restricted in Hom. to a wound inflicted hand to hand, not by a missile,

χαλκοτύπους ὠ. Il.19.25

, and therefore he rejected as spurious 4.140, 149, cf. Sch.Il.4.140, 11.266, 18.351.

II after Hom. (esp. in Hp.) generally, wound, whether recent or not,

κίνδυνος ἂν εἴη συρραγῆναι τὰς ὠ. Hp.Art.11

; also, the mark of a wound, scar, ὅταν τὰ ἕλκεα ἐς ὠτειλὰς ἴῃ ibid., cf. Ruf.Ren.Ves. Praef.: ulcer, Gal.19.157:—once in X., τὰ μὲν ἔπαθεν, ὧν τὰς ὠτειλὰς [φανερὰς add. codd. plerique]

εἶχεν An.1.9.6

, cf. Plu.Cor. 14, 2.276d, Jul.Caes. 309c. (Prob. fr. οὐτάω (so Sch.A Il.14.518); cf.

οὐταμένη ὠτειλή Il.14.518

, 17.86; [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὀτέλλα (sic) Jo.Gramm. Comp. (in Hoffmann Die griechischen Dialekteii. 488); cf. γατειλαί (for ϝατ- ) and βωτ [ε]άζειν).)